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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Kunjungi Halaman Utama [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Halaman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Daftar-isi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Isi"><span>Daftar isi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru" title="Daftar perubahan terbaru dalam wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Suhu" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Suhu" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Suhu" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Suhu" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Alat_ukur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alat_ukur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Alat ukur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Alat_ukur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Alat ukur</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Alat_ukur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tipe_termometer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tipe_termometer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Tipe termometer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tipe_termometer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Termometer_yang_sering_digunakan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Termometer_yang_sering_digunakan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Termometer yang sering digunakan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Termometer_yang_sering_digunakan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Termometer_bulb_(air_raksa_atau_alkohol)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Termometer_bulb_(air_raksa_atau_alkohol)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Termometer bulb (air raksa atau alkohol)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Termometer_bulb_(air_raksa_atau_alkohol)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Termometer_spring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Termometer_spring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Termometer spring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Termometer_spring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Termometer_nonkontak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Termometer_nonkontak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Termometer nonkontak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Termometer_nonkontak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Termometer_elektronik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Termometer_elektronik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>Termometer elektronik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Termometer_elektronik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jenis-jenis_Skala_suhu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jenis-jenis_Skala_suhu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Jenis-jenis Skala suhu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jenis-jenis_Skala_suhu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Satuan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Satuan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Satuan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Satuan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konversi_skala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konversi_skala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Konversi skala</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Konversi_skala-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Konversi skala</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Konversi_skala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Daftar_rumus_skala_suhu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_rumus_skala_suhu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Daftar rumus skala suhu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daftar_rumus_skala_suhu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjutan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bacaan lanjutan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Suhu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 149 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-149" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">149 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatuur" title="Temperatuur – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Temperatuur" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Temperatur" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तापमान – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="तापमान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="درجة حرارة – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="درجة حرارة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83)" title="حرارة (طيرموديناميك) – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="حرارة (طيرموديناميك)" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="উষ্ণতা – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উষ্ণতা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Temperatur" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="حرارت درجه‌سی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="حرارت درجه‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatua" title="Temperatua – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Temperatua" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperat%C5%ABra" title="Temperatūra – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Temperatūra" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тэмпература – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэмпература" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тэмпэратура – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тэмпэратура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तापमान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="तापमान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="তাপমাত্রা – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাপমাত্রা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B" title="དྲོད་ཚད་ – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དྲོད་ཚད་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwrezverk" title="Gwrezverk – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gwrezverk" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C" title="پلەی گەرمی – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پلەی گەرمی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teplota" title="Teplota – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Teplota" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tymheredd" title="Tymheredd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tymheredd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Temperatur" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Temperatur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Θερμοκρασία – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θερμοκρασία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Temperature" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperaturo" title="Temperaturo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Temperaturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatuur" title="Temperatuur – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Temperatuur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenperatura" title="Tenperatura – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tenperatura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7" title="دما – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4mp%C3%B6tila" title="Lämpötila – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lämpötila" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4mmid%C3%BCs" title="Lämmidüs – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Lämmidüs" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katakata_(vakayago_iwiliwili)" title="Katakata (vakayago iwiliwili) – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Katakata (vakayago iwiliwili)" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temp%C3%A9rature" title="Température – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Température" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempratuur" title="Tempratuur – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tempratuur" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatuer" title="Temperatuer – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Temperatuer" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teocht" title="Teocht – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanp%C3%A9ratir" title="Tanpératir – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tanpératir" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te%C3%B2thachd" title="Teòthachd – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Teòthachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mba%27epytu" title="Mba'epytu – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mba'epytu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="તાપમાન – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તાપમાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Temperature" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94" title="טמפרטורה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טמפרטורה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तापमान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तापमान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garmi" title="Garmi – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Garmi" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanperati" title="Tanperati – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tanperati" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%91m%C3%A9rs%C3%A9klet" title="Hőmérséklet – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hőmérséklet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ջերմաստիճան – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջերմաստիճան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperaturo" title="Temperaturo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Temperaturo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiti" title="Hiti – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hiti" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6" title="温度 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="温度" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempicha" title="Tempicha – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Tempicha" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu" title="Suhu – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Suhu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ტემპერატურა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტემპერატურა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%E1%BA%93%C9%A3elt" title="Taẓɣelt – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Taẓɣelt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ತಾಪಮಾನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತಾಪಮಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EB%8F%84" title="온도 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="온도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8E%D8%AA%DA%BE" title="حَرارَتھ – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="حَرارَتھ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germah%C3%AE_(fiz%C3%AEk)" title="Germahî (fizîk) – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Germahî (fizîk)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura_thermodynamica" title="Temperatura thermodynamica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Temperatura thermodynamica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Temperatur" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatuur" title="Temperatuur – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Temperatuur" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperadura" title="Temperadura – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Temperadura" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperat%C5%ABra" title="Temperatūra – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Temperatūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperat%C5%ABra" title="Temperatūra – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Temperatūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari-pana" title="Mari-pana – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mari-pana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu" title="Suhu – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Suhu" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8A%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D" title="ഊഷ്മാവ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഊഷ്മാവ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80" title="Температур – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Температур" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तापमान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तापमान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu" title="Suhu – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Suhu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%B0%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="အပူချိန် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အပူချိန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Temperatur" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperetuur" title="Temperetuur – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Temperetuur" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE" title="तापक्रम – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तापक्रम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatuur" title="Temperatuur – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Temperatuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Temperatur" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Temperatur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoo%27iyyaa" title="Hoo'iyyaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Hoo'iyyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤਾਪਮਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਾਪਮਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperadura" title="Temperadura – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Temperadura" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%B1" title="ٹمپریچر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹمپریچر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AE%DB%90_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%87" title="د تودوخې درجه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د تودوخې درجه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27u%C3%B1i_kay" title="Q'uñi kay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Q'uñi kay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur%C4%83" title="Temperatură – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Temperatură" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubushyuhe" title="Ubushyuhe – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubushyuhe" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperadura" title="Temperadura – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Temperadura" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timpiratura" title="Timpiratura – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Timpiratura" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Temperatur" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%BE%D8%AF_(%D9%81%D8%B2%DA%AA%D8%B3)" title="گرمي پد (فزڪس) – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گرمي پد (فزڪس)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tir%C9%A3i" title="Tirɣi – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tirɣi" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA" title="උෂ්ණත්වය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උෂ්ණත්වය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Temperature" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teplota" title="Teplota – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Teplota" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hujoto" title="Hujoto – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Hujoto" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heerkul" title="Heerkul – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Heerkul" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu" title="Suhu – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Suhu" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Temperatur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halijoto" title="Halijoto – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Halijoto" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="வெப்பநிலை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெப்பநிலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A3%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4" title="ఉష్ణోగ్రత – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉష్ణోగ్రత" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4" title="อุณหภูมิ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อุณหภูมิ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%B1cakl%C4%B1k" title="Sıcaklık – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sıcaklık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%81_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="درجہ حرارت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="درجہ حرارت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harorat" title="Harorat – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Harorat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenperadura" title="Tenperadura – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tenperadura" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4muz" title="Lämuz – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Lämuz" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%99" title="Nhiệt độ – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhiệt độ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fif" title="Fif – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Fif" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timperateure" title="Timperateure – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Timperateure" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6" title="温度 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="温度" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – Kalmuk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pakkanen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Pakkanen.jpg/220px-Pakkanen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="601" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Pakkanen.jpg/330px-Pakkanen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Pakkanen.jpg/440px-Pakkanen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="2133" /></a><figcaption>Air akan mulai membeku pada suhu 0° Celsius (di gambar ini suhu udara -17° C).</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Suhu</b> atau <b>temperatur</b> adalah alat yang menunjukkan derajat atau ukuran <a href="/wiki/Panas" title="Panas">panas</a> suatu benda. Mudahnya, semakin tinggi suhu suatu benda, semakin panas benda tersebut. Secara mikroskopis, suhu menunjukkan <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">energi</a> yang dimiliki oleh suatu benda. Setiap <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a> dalam suatu benda masing-masing bergerak, baik itu dalam bentuk perpindahan maupun gerakan di tempat, <a href="/wiki/Getaran" title="Getaran">getaran</a>. Semakin tinggi energi atom-atom penyusun benda, makin tinggi suhu benda tersebut<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kalimat yang diikuti tag ini membutuhkan rujukan." style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">butuh rujukan</a></i>]</span></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:MonthlyMeanT.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/MonthlyMeanT.gif/300px-MonthlyMeanT.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/MonthlyMeanT.gif/450px-MonthlyMeanT.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/MonthlyMeanT.gif 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah peta global jangka panjang suhu udara permukaan rata-rata bulanan dalam proyeksi Mollweide.</figcaption></figure> <p>Suhu juga disebut temperatur yang diukur dengan alat <a href="/wiki/Termometer" title="Termometer">termometer</a>. Empat macam termometer yang paling dikenal adalah <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">Celsius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skala_R%C3%A9aumur" title="Skala Réaumur">Reaumur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">Kelvin</a>. Perbandingan antara satu jenis termometer dengan termometer lainnya mengikuti: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C:R:(F-32)=5:4:9}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>F</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>32</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo>:</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>:</mo> <mn>9</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C:R:(F-32)=5:4:9}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6c46e113ae8bda9494010ff6b0cb284e1a6628c7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:26.58ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C:R:(F-32)=5:4:9}" /></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K=C+273}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>K</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>C</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>273</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K=C+273}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/91c90cbaa65da504c8ad22d1a2140f5a3f3fb57d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:13.258ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K=C+273}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>Suhu Kelvin memiliki nilai pembanding yang sama dengan derajat Celsius yaitu 5:5. Maka dari itu, untuk mengubah suhu tersebut ke suhu yang lain, sebaiknya menggunakan atau mengubahnya ke derajat Celsius terlebih dahulu. </p><p>Contoh: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle K={\frac {4}{5}}R\times (300-273)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>K</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>4</mn> <mn>5</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>300</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mn>273</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle K={\frac {4}{5}}R\times (300-273)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/49e62115972c1c228274a324c90b77d9eefa6d6b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:23.392ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle K={\frac {4}{5}}R\times (300-273)}" /></span> daripada <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C={\frac {4}{5}}\times 27}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>4</mn> <mn>5</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mn>27</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C={\frac {4}{5}}\times 27}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/10a8981514bccc4aa2bd9b9389bfa75d3a60c157" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:12.029ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C={\frac {4}{5}}\times 27}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>Sebagai contoh: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C={\frac {5}{9}}\left({F-32}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>5</mn> <mn>9</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>F</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>32</mn> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C={\frac {5}{9}}\left({F-32}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d3058239d1eb947139dca43f11b1a48ab7c6b45b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:15.966ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C={\frac {5}{9}}\left({F-32}\right)}" /></span> dan <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F={\frac {9}{4}}{R+32}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>9</mn> <mn>4</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>R</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>32</mn> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F={\frac {9}{4}}{R+32}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aa1a5c28fab4673942001db62141965c8273df55" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:13.767ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F={\frac {9}{4}}{R+32}}" /></span>.</dd></dl> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alat_ukur">Alat ukur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Alat ukur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Alat ukur"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Termometer" title="Termometer">Termometer</a></i></dd></dl> <p>Secara kualitatif, kita dapat mengetahui bahwa suhu adalah sensasi dingin atau hangatnya sebuah benda yang dirasakan ketika menyentuhnya. Secara kuantitatif, kita dapat mengetahuinya dengan menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Termometer" title="Termometer">termometer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suhu dapat diukur dengan menggunakan termometer yang berisi <a href="/wiki/Raksa" title="Raksa">air raksa</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Alkohol" title="Alkohol">alkohol</a>. Kata termometer ini diambil dari dua kata yaitu <i>thermo</i> yang artinya panas dan <i>meter</i> yang artinya mengukur (<i>to measure</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tipe_termometer">Tipe termometer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Tipe termometer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tipe termometer"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beberapa tipe termometer antara lain: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Termometer_alkohol" title="Termometer alkohol">termometer alkohol</a></li> <li>termometer basal</li> <li>termometer merkuri</li> <li>termometer oral</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termometer_Galileo" title="Termometer Galileo">termometer Galileo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termometer_infra_merah" class="mw-redirect" title="Termometer infra merah">termometer infra merah</a></li> <li>termometer cairan kristal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termistor" title="Termistor">termistor</a></li> <li>Termometer bimetal mekanik</li> <li>Termometer hambatan listrik</li> <li>Termometer kebalikan</li> <li>Sensor suhu celah pita silikon</li> <li><i>six's thermometer</i>, juga dikenal sebagai <i>maximum minimum thermometer</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termokopel" title="Termokopel">termokopel</a></li> <li>Termometer blockade coulomb</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Termometer_yang_sering_digunakan">Termometer yang sering digunakan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Termometer yang sering digunakan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Termometer yang sering digunakan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Termometer yang biasanya dipakai sebagai berikut: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Termometer_bulb_(air_raksa_atau_alkohol)"><span id="Termometer_bulb_.28air_raksa_atau_alkohol.29"></span>Termometer bulb (air raksa atau alkohol)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Termometer bulb (air raksa atau alkohol)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Termometer bulb (air raksa atau alkohol)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Menggunakan gelembung besar (<i>bulb</i>) pada ujung bawah tempat menampung cairan, dan tabung sempit (lubang kapiler) untuk menekankan perubahan <a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">volume</a> atau tempat <a href="/wiki/Pemuaian" title="Pemuaian">pemuaian</a> cairan.</li> <li>Berdasar pada prinsip suatu cairan volumenya berubah sesuai temperatur. Cairan yang diisikan kadang-kadang <a href="/wiki/Alkohol" title="Alkohol">alkohol</a> yang berwarna tetapi juga bisa cairan metalik yang disebut <a href="/wiki/Merkuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Merkuri">merkuri</a>, keduanya memuai bila dipanaskan dan menyusut bila didinginkan.</li> <li>Ada nomor disepanjang tuba gelas yang menjadi tanda besaran temperatur.</li> <li>Keutungan termometer bulb antara lain tidak memerlukan alat bantu, relatif murah, tidak mudah terkontaminasi bahan kimia sehingga cocok untuk laboratorium kimia, dan <a href="/wiki/Konduktivitas" class="mw-disambig" title="Konduktivitas">konduktivitas</a> panas rendah.</li> <li>Kelemahan termometer bulb antara lain mudah pecah, mudah terkontaminasi cairan (alkohol atau merkuri), kontaminasi gelas/kaca, dan prosedur pengukuran yang rumit (pencelupan).</li> <li>Penggunaan thermometer bulb harus melindungi bulb dari benturan dan menghindari pengukuran yang melebihi skala termometer.</li> <li>Sumber kesalahan termometer bulb:</li></ul> <dl><dd>- <i>time constant effect</i>, waktu yang diperlukan konduksi panas dari luar ke tengah batang kapiler<br /></dd> <dd>- <i>thermal capacity effect</i>, apabila massa yang diukur relatif kecil, akan banyak panas yang diserap oleh termometer dan mengurangi suhu sebenarnya<br /></dd> <dd>- cairan (alkohol, merkuri) yang terputus<br /></dd> <dd>- kesalahan pembacaan<br /></dd> <dd>- kesalahan pencelupan<br /></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Termometer_spring">Termometer spring</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Termometer spring" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Termometer spring"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Menggunakan sebuah <i>coil</i> (pelat pipih) yang terbuat dari <a href="/wiki/Logam" title="Logam">logam</a> yang sensitif terhadap panas, pada ujung spring terdapat <i>pointer</i>.</li> <li>Bila udara panas, <i>coil</i> (logam) mengembang sehingga <i>pointer</i> bergerak naik, sedangkan bila udara dingin logam mengkerut <i>pointer</i> bergerak turun. Secara umum termometer ini paling rendah keakuratannya di banding termometer bulb dan digital.</li> <li>Penggunaan termometer spring harus selalu melindungi pipa kapiler dan ujung sensor (probe) terhadap benturan/ gesekan. Selain itu, pemakaiannya tidak boleh melebihi suhu skala dan harus diletakkan di tempat yang tidak terpengaruh getaran...</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Termometer_nonkontak">Termometer nonkontak</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Termometer nonkontak" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Termometer nonkontak"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Termometer_infra_merah" class="mw-redirect" title="Termometer infra merah">Termometer infra merah</a>, mendeteksi temperatur secara optik selama objek diamati, radiasi energi sinar infra merah diukur, dan disajikan sebagai suhu, dengan mengetahui jumlah energi infra merah yang dipancarkan oleh objek dan emisinya, temperatur objek dapat dibedakan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Termometer_elektronik">Termometer elektronik</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Termometer elektronik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Termometer elektronik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ada dua jenis yang digunakan di pengolahan, yakni <i>thermocouple</i> dan <i>resistance thermometer</i>. Biasanya, industri menggunakan nominal resistan 100 ohm pada 0°C sehingga disebut sebagai sensor Pt-100. Pt adalah simbol untuk platinum, sensivitas standar sensor 100 ohm adalah nominal 0.385 ohm/°C, RTDs dengan sensivitas 0.375 dan 0.392 ohm/°C juga tersedia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jenis-jenis_Skala_suhu">Jenis-jenis Skala suhu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Jenis-jenis Skala suhu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Jenis-jenis Skala suhu"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Daftar jenis jenis skala suhu yang sering digunakan oleh <a href="/wiki/Satuan_internasional" title="Satuan internasional">SI</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">Celsius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">Kelvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reamur" class="mw-redirect" title="Reamur">Reamur</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Satuan">Satuan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Satuan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Satuan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Celsius</th> <th>Reamur</th> <th>Fahrenheit</th> <th>Kelvin </th></tr> <tr> <td>Titik didih</td> <td>100</td> <td>80</td> <td>212</td> <td>373 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Titik beku</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>32</td> <td>273 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Selisih kedua titik</td> <td>100</td> <td>80</td> <td>180</td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>perbandingan</td> <td>5</td> <td>4</td> <td>9</td> <td>5 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Mengacu pada <a href="/wiki/SI_(satuan_ukur)" class="mw-redirect" title="SI (satuan ukur)">SI</a>, satuan suhu adalah <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">Kelvin</a> (K). Skala-skala lain adalah <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">Celsius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Reamur" class="mw-redirect" title="Reamur">Reamur</a>. </p><p>Pada skala <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">Celsius</a>, 0 °C adalah titik di mana <a href="/wiki/Air" title="Air">air</a> <a href="/wiki/Pembekuan" title="Pembekuan">membeku</a> dan 100 °C adalah <a href="/wiki/Titik_didih" title="Titik didih">titik didih</a> air pada tekanan 1 <a href="/wiki/Tekanan_atmosfer" title="Tekanan atmosfer">atmosfer</a>. Skala ini adalah yang paling sering digunakan di dunia. Skala Celsius juga sama dengan Kelvin sehingga cara mengubahnya ke Kelvin cukup ditambahkan 273 (atau 273.15 untuk lebih tepatnya). </p><p>Skala <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</a> adalah skala umum yang dipakai di <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>. Suhu air membeku adalah 32 °F dan titik didih air adalah 212 °F. </p><p>Sebagai satuan baku, Kelvin tidak memerlukan tanda derajat dalam penulisannya. Misalnya cukup ditulis suhu 20 K saja, tidak perlu 20° K. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konversi_skala">Konversi skala</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Konversi skala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Konversi skala"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Rumus_konversi_suhu" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumus konversi suhu">Rumus konversi suhu</a></div> <p>Cara mudah untuk mengubah dari <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">Celsius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Reamur" class="mw-redirect" title="Reamur">Reamur</a> adalah dengan mengingat perbandingan C:F:R = 5:9:4. Caranya, adalah </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ({\text{Skala tujuan}})/({\text{Skala awal}})\times {\text{Suhu}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Skala tujuan</mtext> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Skala awal</mtext> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Suhu</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ({\text{Skala tujuan}})/({\text{Skala awal}})\times {\text{Suhu}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/03145973dec0f8045bc934139ac4fb0e9a6bce45" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:36.243ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ({\text{Skala tujuan}})/({\text{Skala awal}})\times {\text{Suhu}}}" /></span>. </p><p>Dari Celsius ke Fahrenheit setelah menggunakan cara itu, ditambahkan 32. </p><p>77°F pada skala Celsius adalah <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {5}{9}}\times (77-32)=25}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>5</mn> <mn>9</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>77</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mn>32</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>25</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {5}{9}}\times (77-32)=25}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a5c5bfd39376661607c36dee7c8db04949c23214" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:19.562ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {5}{9}}\times (77-32)=25}" /></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Daftar_rumus_skala_suhu">Daftar rumus skala suhu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Daftar rumus skala suhu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Daftar rumus skala suhu"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tabel berikut memuat rumus konversi suhu. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Dari </th> <th colspan="10">ke </th></tr> <tr> <th>Celsius</th> <th>Reamur</th> <th>Fahrenheit</th> <th>Kelvin </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">Celsius</a></th> <th style="background:darkgray"></th> <th><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {4}{5}}C}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>4</mn> <mn>5</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>C</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {4}{5}}C}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/59c87016214d3eb5afde8eac5cef542ef6c3c33a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:3.765ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {4}{5}}C}" /></span></th> <th><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {9}{5}}{C+32}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>9</mn> <mn>5</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>C</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>32</mn> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {9}{5}}{C+32}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e9a7ad3727425b114d68ee185de870a2ca75d011" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:8.93ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {9}{5}}{C+32}}" /></span></th> <th><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {C+273}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>C</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>273</mn> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {C+273}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1b95ec6c0da639c0766b82c3182e56998046ef78" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:8.094ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {C+273}}" /></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Reamur" class="mw-redirect" title="Reamur">Reamur</a></th> <th><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {5}{4}}R}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>5</mn> <mn>4</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>R</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {5}{4}}R}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9a3ea48f8448400addee760514e459ba0b7381b9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:3.763ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {5}{4}}R}" /></span></th> <th style="background:darkgray"></th> <th><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {9}{4}}{R+32}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>9</mn> <mn>4</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>R</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>32</mn> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {9}{4}}{R+32}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/921215e1aad19b63d88eff9a1dfe4142b06bbe4b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:8.928ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {9}{4}}{R+32}}" /></span></th> <th><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {5}{4}}{R+273}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>5</mn> <mn>4</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>R</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>273</mn> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {5}{4}}{R+273}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a4792659e5a379d578bc212a4e6b87ff17d3e422" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:10.09ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {5}{4}}{R+273}}" /></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</a></th> <th><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {5}{9}}\left({F-32}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>5</mn> <mn>9</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>F</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>32</mn> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {5}{9}}\left({F-32}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e022e2db31fe707a411f549375ff0ceaa3ffda16" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:11.101ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {5}{9}}\left({F-32}\right)}" /></span></th> <th><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {4}{9}}\left({F-32}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>4</mn> <mn>9</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>F</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>32</mn> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {4}{9}}\left({F-32}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5e435bc4d3d15a361b5e0e57ee9b2298198b6393" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:11.101ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {4}{9}}\left({F-32}\right)}" /></span></th> <th style="background:darkgray"></th> <th><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {5}{9}}\left({F+459.4}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>5</mn> <mn>9</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>F</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>459.4</mn> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {5}{9}}\left({F+459.4}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8bc4e2de0c84c5346c7e69b2e30aa8c40a550b36" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:14.073ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {5}{9}}\left({F+459.4}\right)}" /></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">Kelvin</a></th> <th><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {K-273}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>K</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>273</mn> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {K-273}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/61c4ada134f37f7c8db88954fd7233f07925a4bf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:8.394ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {K-273}}" /></span></th> <th><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {4}{5}}\left({K-273}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>4</mn> <mn>5</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>K</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>273</mn> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {4}{5}}\left({K-273}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/319ff35d222d1a4ac4aaa0f4eca0ffae299558d6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:12.589ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {4}{5}}\left({K-273}\right)}" /></span></th> <th><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {9}{5}}{K-459.4}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>9</mn> <mn>5</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>K</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>459.4</mn> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {9}{5}}{K-459.4}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e61c117b8ba702ea0d5ad2f05cd4909d593d3ebe" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:12.202ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {9}{5}}{K-459.4}}" /></span></th> <th style="background:darkgray"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <dl><dt>Konversi skala termometer</dt></dl> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {T_{x}-X_{b}}{X_{a}-X_{b}}}={\frac {T_{y}-Y_{b}}{Y_{a}-Y_{b}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>Y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>Y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>Y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {T_{x}-X_{b}}{X_{a}-X_{b}}}={\frac {T_{y}-Y_{b}}{Y_{a}-Y_{b}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fbc827f535a1e2394d0f977e436c5151f82fb075" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:21.08ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {T_{x}-X_{b}}{X_{a}-X_{b}}}={\frac {T_{y}-Y_{b}}{Y_{a}-Y_{b}}}}" /></span> </p><p>keterangan: </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X_{a}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X_{a}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/37f085cdc5d87bcae5f2e1901fa9d7cec7184ebe" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.026ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X_{a}}" /></span> = titik tetap atas termometer X</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X_{b}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X_{b}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/74afa71691dcb8a89cc85209b2234096e1bab9c5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X_{b}}" /></span> = titik tetap bawah termometer X</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{x}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{x}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b4339a8d96e6bf8706d6ba8b56c5349417b712ce" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.53ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{x}}" /></span> = suhu pada termometer X</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Y_{a}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>Y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Y_{a}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e448b5cd7ae811d42f20c7bde9c151d357e2d2d6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.452ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Y_{a}}" /></span> = titik tetap atas termometer Y</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Y_{b}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>Y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Y_{b}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2135845f0456acaacc8fe84067f6f7a08af3c581" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.288ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Y_{b}}" /></span> = titik tetap bawah termometer Y</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{y}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{y}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4f6b08ab7d3fd87de3fa74c75dde7c9d9d6c4e98" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.407ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{y}}" /></span> = suhu pada termometer Y</li></ul> <p>Contoh soal: </p><p>Suhu es yang sedang melebur dan suhu air mendidih jika diukur dengan termometer X masing - masing besarnya 10 derajat X dan 105 derajat X. Jika suhu suatu benda diukur dengan termometer celcius adalah 60 derajat C. Berapa suhu benda tersebut jika diukur dengan termometer X? </p> <dl><dt><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {T_{x}-10}{105-10}}={\frac {60-0}{100-0}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>105</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>60</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>100</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {T_{x}-10}{105-10}}={\frac {60-0}{100-0}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/454c7675102dd18656ec8545a14edce166868580" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:20.914ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {T_{x}-10}{105-10}}={\frac {60-0}{100-0}}}" /></span></dt> <dt><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {T_{x}-10}{95}}={\frac {60}{100}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> <mn>95</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>60</mn> <mn>100</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {T_{x}-10}{95}}={\frac {60}{100}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cabebf8e43e63edb9b69428309b44e487f456f0c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:15.953ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {T_{x}-10}{95}}={\frac {60}{100}}}" /></span></dt> <dt><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{x}-10=57}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>=</mo> <mn>57</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{x}-10=57}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cd6d1ca45dc6541bf79a8b88a527734421cd95d0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.119ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{x}-10=57}" /></span></dt> <dt><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{x}=67}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>67</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{x}=67}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d5aa08c6269bbbee8aefad6dbf08b9710064f3e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.953ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{x}=67}" /></span></dt></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formula_konversi_temperatur" class="mw-redirect" title="Formula konversi temperatur">Formula konversi temperatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skala_Rankine" title="Skala Rankine">Rankine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/thermometer">"Thermometer"</a>. <i>education.nationalgeographic.org</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2023-05-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=education.nationalgeographic.org&rft.atitle=Thermometer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feducation.nationalgeographic.org%2Fresource%2Fthermometer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASuhu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lanjutan">Bacaan lanjutan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan lanjutan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suhu&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan lanjutan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Adkins, C.J. (1968/1983). <i>Equilibrium Thermodynamics</i>, (1st edition 1968), third edition 1983, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-521-25445-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-521-25445-0">0-521-25445-0</a>.</li> <li>Buchdahl, H.A. (1966). <i>The Concepts of Classical Thermodynamics</i>, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.neonics.co.th/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2/%e0%b9%80%e0%b8%84%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%b7%e0%b9%88%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%87%e0%b8%a7%e0%b8%b1%e0%b8%94%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%b8%e0%b8%93%e0%b8%ab%e0%b8%a0%e0%b8%b9%e0%b8%a1%e0%b8%b4/%e0%b9%80%e0%b8%84%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%b7%e0%b9%88%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%87%e0%b8%a7%e0%b8%b1%e0%b8%94%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%b8%e0%b8%93%e0%b8%ab%e0%b8%a0%e0%b8%b9%e0%b8%a1%e0%b8%b4%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%ab%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3">Food Thermometers</a>.</li> <li>Jaynes, E.T. (1965). Gibbs vs Boltzmann entropies, <i>American Journal of Physics</i>, <b>33</b>(5), 391–398.</li> <li>Middleton, W.E.K. 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"On the Dynamical Theory of Heat, with numerical results deduced from Mr Joule's equivalent of a Thermal Unit, and M. Regnault's Observations on Steam". <i>Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh</i>. <b>XX</b> (part II): 261–268, 289–298.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Edinburgh&rft.atitle=On+the+Dynamical+Theory+of+Heat%2C+with+numerical+results+deduced+from+Mr+Joule%27s+equivalent+of+a+Thermal+Unit%2C+and+M.+Regnault%27s+Observations+on+Steam&rft.volume=XX&rft.issue=part+II&rft.pages=261-268%2C+289-298&rft.date=1851-03&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=W.+%28Lord+Kelvin%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASuhu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Truesdell, C.A. (1980). <i>The Tragicomical History of Thermodynamics, 1822–1854</i>, Springer, New York, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-387-90403-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-387-90403-4">0-387-90403-4</a>.</li> <li>Tschoegl, N.W. (2000). <i>Fundamentals of Equilibrium and Steady-State Thermodynamics</i>, Elsevier, Amsterdam, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-444-50426-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-444-50426-5">0-444-50426-5</a>.</li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Zeppenfeld, M.; Englert, B.G.U.; Glöckner, R.; Prehn, A.; Mielenz, M.; Sommer, C.; van Buuren, L.D.; Motsch, M.; Rempe, G. (2012). "Sysiphus cooling of electrically trapped polyatomic molecules". <i>Nature</i>. <b>491</b> (7425): 570–573. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/1208.0046">1208.0046</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Natur.491..570Z">2012Natur.491..570Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature11595">10.1038/nature11595</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23151480">23151480</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Sysiphus+cooling+of+electrically+trapped+polyatomic+molecules&rft.volume=491&rft.issue=7425&rft.pages=570-573&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1208.0046&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23151480&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature11595&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012Natur.491..570Z&rft.aulast=Zeppenfeld&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Englert%2C+B.G.U.&rft.au=Gl%C3%B6ckner%2C+R.&rft.au=Prehn%2C+A.&rft.au=Mielenz%2C+M.&rft.au=Sommer%2C+C.&rft.au=van+Buuren%2C+L.D.&rft.au=Motsch%2C+M.&rft.au=Rempe%2C+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASuhu" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suhu&oldid=26587139">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suhu&oldid=26587139</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Suhu" title="Kategori:Suhu">Suhu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Udara" title="Kategori:Udara">Udara</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_sumber_berbahasa_Inggris_(en)" title="Kategori:CS1 sumber berbahasa Inggris (en)">CS1 sumber berbahasa Inggris (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_dengan_pernyataan_yang_tidak_disertai_rujukan" title="Kategori:Artikel dengan pernyataan yang tidak disertai rujukan">Artikel dengan pernyataan yang tidak disertai rujukan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_dengan_pernyataan_yang_tidak_disertai_rujukan_Desember_2024" title="Kategori:Artikel dengan pernyataan yang tidak disertai rujukan Desember 2024">Artikel dengan pernyataan yang tidak disertai rujukan Desember 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_rujukan_yang_menggunakan_parameter_yang_tidak_didukung" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung">Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 1 Desember 2024, pukul 04.02.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks tersedia di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons</a>; ketentuan tambahan mungkin berlaku. 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