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id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a 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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Coachella Valley</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7" title="وادي كواتشيلا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وادي كواتشيلا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Кочела – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кочела" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coachella_Valley" title="Coachella Valley – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Coachella Valley" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coachella_Valley" title="Coachella Valley – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Coachella Valley" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coachella_Valley" title="Coachella Valley – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Coachella Valley" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coachella_org" title="Coachella org – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Coachella org" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valle_de_Coachella" title="Valle de Coachella – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Valle de Coachella" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coachella_harana" title="Coachella harana – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Coachella harana" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vall%C3%A9e_de_Coachella" title="Vallée de Coachella – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vallée de Coachella" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EC%B2%BC%EB%9D%BC_%EB%B0%B8%EB%A6%AC" title="코첼라 밸리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코첼라 밸리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valle_di_Coachella" title="Valle di Coachella – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Valle di Coachella" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B0" title="കോച്ചെല്ല താഴ്വര – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോച്ചെല്ല താഴ്വര" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coachella_Valley" title="Coachella Valley – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Coachella Valley" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A2%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC" title="コーアチェラ・バレー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コーアチェラ・バレー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coachella_Valley" title="Coachella Valley – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Coachella Valley" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Коачелла – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Коачелла" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coachella_Valley" title="Coachella Valley – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Coachella Valley" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coachella_Valley" title="Coachella Valley – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Coachella Valley" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2331865#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Coachella_Valley" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Coachella_Valley" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coachella_Valley&params=33.7_N_116.2_W_type:landmark_region:US-CA"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">116°12′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.7°N 116.2°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.7; -116.2</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Valley in Southern California</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the music festival, see <a href="/wiki/Coachella" title="Coachella">Coachella</a>. For the city, see <a href="/wiki/Coachella,_California" title="Coachella, California">Coachella, California</a>. For the high school, see <a href="/wiki/Coachella_Valley_High_School" title="Coachella Valley High School">Coachella Valley High School</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Coachella_Valley" title="Special:EditPage/Coachella Valley">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Coachella+Valley%22">"Coachella Valley"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Coachella+Valley%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Coachella+Valley%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Coachella+Valley%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Coachella+Valley%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Coachella+Valley%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="line-height: 1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #e7dcc3;">Coachella Valley</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wpdms_shdrlfi020l_coachella_valley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Wpdms_shdrlfi020l_coachella_valley.jpg/272px-Wpdms_shdrlfi020l_coachella_valley.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Wpdms_shdrlfi020l_coachella_valley.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="270" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Coachella Valley</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">15 miles (24 km)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e7dcc3;">Naming</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Valle de Coachella</i><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disputed_statement" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Disputed statement"><span title="This claim has reliable sources with contradicting facts (March 2019)">disputed</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:CAL#Native_names_for_landforms_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia talk:CAL">discuss</a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e7dcc3;">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Riverside_County,_California" title="Riverside County, California">Riverside County, California</a>, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population centers</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indio,_California" title="Indio, California">Indio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs,_California" title="Palm Springs, California">Palm Springs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palm_Desert,_California" title="Palm Desert, California">Palm Desert</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Borders on</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea" title="Salton Sea">Salton Sea</a> (southeast), <a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_Mountains_(California)" title="Santa Rosa Mountains (California)">Santa Rosa Mountains</a> (southwest), <a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_Mountains" title="San Jacinto Mountains">San Jacinto Mountains</a> (west), <a href="/wiki/Little_San_Bernardino_Mountains" title="Little San Bernardino Mountains">Little San Bernardino Mountains</a> (east), <a href="/wiki/San_Gorgonio_Mountain" title="San Gorgonio Mountain">San Gorgonio Mountain</a> (north)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coachella_Valley&params=33.7_N_116.2_W_type:landmark_region:US-CA"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">116°12′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.7°N 116.2°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.7; -116.2</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Traversed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Interstate_10" title="Interstate 10">Interstate 10</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Coachella Valley</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">koh-<span style="font-size:90%">CHEL</span>-ə, <span style="font-size:90%">KOH</span>-ə-</i></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Arid" class="mw-redirect" title="Arid">arid</a> <a href="/wiki/Rift_valley" title="Rift valley">rift valley</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Desert" title="Colorado Desert">Colorado Desert</a> of <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a> in <a href="/wiki/Riverside_County,_California" title="Riverside County, California">Riverside County</a>. The valley has been referred to as <b>Greater Palm Springs</b> and occasionally the <b>Palm Springs Area</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> due to the historic prominence of the city of <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs,_California" title="Palm Springs, California">Palm Springs</a>. The valley extends approximately 45 mi (72 km) southeast from the <a href="/wiki/San_Gorgonio_Pass" title="San Gorgonio Pass">San Gorgonio Pass</a> to the northern shore of the <a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea" title="Salton Sea">Salton Sea</a> and the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Valley" title="Imperial Valley">Imperial Valley</a>, and is approximately 15 mi (24 km) wide along most of its length. It is bounded on the northeast by the <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_Mountains" title="San Bernardino Mountains">San Bernardino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Little_San_Bernardino_Mountains" title="Little San Bernardino Mountains">Little San Bernardino Mountains</a>, and on the southwest by the <a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_Mountains" title="San Jacinto Mountains">San Jacinto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_Mountains_(California)" title="Santa Rosa Mountains (California)">Santa Rosa Mountains</a>. </p><p>The Coachella Valley is notable as the location of several wintertime resort cities that have become popular destinations for full time retirees and seasonal residents known as <a href="/wiki/Snowbird_(person)" title="Snowbird (person)">snowbirds</a>. The valley is also known for a number of annual events, including the <a href="/wiki/Coachella_Valley_Music_and_Arts_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival">Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_Festival" title="Stagecoach Festival">Stagecoach Country Music Festival</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Riverside_County_Fair_and_National_Date_Festival" title="Riverside County Fair and National Date Festival">Riverside County Fair and National Date Festival</a>, all held in <a href="/wiki/Indio,_California" title="Indio, California">Indio</a>. Other events include the <a href="/wiki/Modernism_Week" title="Modernism Week">Palm Springs Modernism Week</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs_International_Film_Festival" title="Palm Springs International Film Festival">Palm Springs International Film Festival</a>, the <a href="/wiki/ANA_Inspiration" class="mw-redirect" title="ANA Inspiration">ANA Inspiration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Desert_Classic" title="Desert Classic">Desert Classic</a> golf tournaments, and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Wells_Open" title="Indian Wells Open">Indian Wells Open</a> tennis tournament. </p><p>The Coachella Valley is home to the cities of <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_City,_California" title="Cathedral City, California">Cathedral City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coachella,_California" title="Coachella, California">Coachella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desert_Hot_Springs,_California" title="Desert Hot Springs, California">Desert Hot Springs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Wells,_California" title="Indian Wells, California">Indian Wells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indio,_California" title="Indio, California">Indio</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Quinta,_California" title="La Quinta, California">La Quinta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palm_Desert,_California" title="Palm Desert, California">Palm Desert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs,_California" title="Palm Springs, California">Palm Springs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rancho_Mirage,_California" title="Rancho Mirage, California">Rancho Mirage</a>. </p><p>Summers in the valley are extremely hot and valley winters are mild. As such, the valley's population tends to fluctuate; from nearly 500,000 in April, to around 300,000 in July and August, to around 600,000 by January. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It was stated in 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> by the Riverside County HR Department that "Palm Springs and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Desert_Communities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desert Communities (page does not exist)">Desert Communities</a>" were being visited by 3.5 million conventioneers and tourists annually.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Coachella Valley connects with the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Greater Los Angeles</a> area to the west via the <a href="/wiki/San_Gorgonio_Pass" title="San Gorgonio Pass">San Gorgonio Pass</a>, a major transportation corridor, traversed by <a href="/wiki/Interstate_10" title="Interstate 10">Interstate 10</a> and by the <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_Railroad" title="Union Pacific Railroad">Union Pacific Railroad</a>. The valley is considered part of the <a href="/wiki/Low_Desert" title="Low Desert">Low Desert</a> and is included within the <b>Desert Empire</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to differentiate it from the broader <a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Inland Empire</a> of Southern California. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Coachella_Valley" title="Special:EditPage/Coachella Valley">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The area had been surveyed by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Fitzgerald_Beale" title="Edward Fitzgerald Beale">Edward Fitzgerald Beale</a> in 1857, whose survey party used camels to cross the desert, primarily along the path of the historic <a href="/wiki/Bradshaw_Trail" title="Bradshaw Trail">Bradshaw Trail</a>. It was not until the coming of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Pacific Railroad">Southern Pacific Railroad</a> and the discovery of abundant <a href="/wiki/Artesian_aquifer" class="mw-redirect" title="Artesian aquifer">artesian</a> wells later in the 19th century that the area began to expand. </p><p>The coming in 1926 of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_99_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 99 (California)">U.S. Route 99</a> northward through Coachella and Indio and westward toward <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, more or less along the present route of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_10_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 10 (California)">Interstate 10</a>, helped further open agriculture, commerce and tourism to the rest of the country. So too did the coming of <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_111" title="California State Route 111">State Highway 111</a> in the early 1930s, which cut a diagonal swath through the valley and connected all of its major settlements.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dr. <a href="/wiki/June_McCarroll" title="June McCarroll">June McCarroll</a>, then a nurse with the Southern Pacific whose office fronted U.S. 99 in Indio, is credited with being the first person to delineate a divided highway by painting a stripe down the middle of the roadbed in response to frequent head-on collisions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The standard was refined and adopted worldwide. Doctor McCarroll is memorialized by a stretch of I-10 through Indio named in her honor.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Coachella Valley became popular among celebrities from <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> to <a href="/wiki/Dakota_Fanning" title="Dakota Fanning">Dakota Fanning</a> who came to enjoy vacations and winter homes in the desert resort community. It became a real estate destination in the 1980s and 1990s<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and has also become a tourist destination. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Coachella Valley is the northernmost extent of the vast <a href="/wiki/Salton_Trough" title="Salton Trough">Salton Trough</a>, also called the Cahuilla Basin, which includes the Salton Sea, and the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Valley" title="Imperial Valley">Imperial Valley</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Mexicali_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexicali Valley">Mexicali Valley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Delta" title="Colorado River Delta">Colorado River Delta</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trough is a result of combined tectonic activity of the <a href="/wiki/San_Andreas_Fault" title="San Andreas Fault">San Andreas Fault</a>, which follows the northeastern side of the valley, and the <a href="/wiki/East_Pacific_Rise" title="East Pacific Rise">East Pacific Rise</a> that runs up through the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_California" title="Gulf of California">Gulf of California</a> to the Salton Sea. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joshua_tree_keys_view_pano_more_vertical.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama of the view south from Keys View in the Little San Bernardino Mountains, Joshua Tree National Park, California, United States. Visible landmarks are the Salton Sea, 230 feet (70 m) below sea level at rear left, along towards the center the Santa Rosa Mountains behind Indio and the San Jacinto Mountains behind Palm Springs. In the valley floor, the San Andreas Fault is clearly visible. At the rear right is the 11,500-foot tall (3,500 m) San Gorgonio Mountain."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Joshua_tree_keys_view_pano_more_vertical.jpg/1000px-Joshua_tree_keys_view_pano_more_vertical.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="394" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Joshua_tree_keys_view_pano_more_vertical.jpg/1500px-Joshua_tree_keys_view_pano_more_vertical.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Joshua_tree_keys_view_pano_more_vertical.jpg/2000px-Joshua_tree_keys_view_pano_more_vertical.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="2361" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Joshua_tree_keys_view_pano_more_vertical.jpg" title="File:Joshua tree keys view pano more vertical.jpg"> </a></div>Panorama of the view south from Keys View in the <a href="/wiki/Little_San_Bernardino_Mountains" title="Little San Bernardino Mountains">Little San Bernardino Mountains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Tree_National_Park" title="Joshua Tree National Park">Joshua Tree National Park</a>, California, United States. Visible landmarks are the <a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea" title="Salton Sea">Salton Sea</a>, 230 feet (70 m) below sea level at rear left, along towards the center the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_Mountains_(California)" title="Santa Rosa Mountains (California)">Santa Rosa Mountains</a> behind <a href="/wiki/Indio,_California" title="Indio, California">Indio</a> and the <a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_Mountains" title="San Jacinto Mountains">San Jacinto Mountains</a> behind <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs,_California" title="Palm Springs, California">Palm Springs</a>. In the valley floor, the <a href="/wiki/San_Andreas_Fault" title="San Andreas Fault">San Andreas Fault</a> is clearly visible. At the rear right is the 11,500-foot tall (3,500 m) <a href="/wiki/San_Gorgonio_Mountain" title="San Gorgonio Mountain">San Gorgonio Mountain</a>.</div></div></div> <p>The area is surrounded on the southwest by the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_Mountains_(California)" title="Santa Rosa Mountains (California)">Santa Rosa Mountains</a>, by the <a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_Mountains" title="San Jacinto Mountains">San Jacinto Mountains</a> to the west, the <a href="/wiki/Little_San_Bernardino_Mountains" title="Little San Bernardino Mountains">Little San Bernardino Mountains</a> to the east and <a href="/wiki/San_Gorgonio_Mountain" title="San Gorgonio Mountain">San Gorgonio Mountain</a> to the north. These mountains peak at around 11,000 feet (3,400 m) and tend to average between 5,000 and 7,000 feet (1,500 and 2,100 m). Elevations on the valley floor range from 1,600 feet (490 m) above sea level at the north end of the Valley to 250 feet (76 m) below sea level around Mecca.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/San_Andreas_Fault" title="San Andreas Fault">San Andreas Fault</a> traverses the valley's east side. Because of this fault, the valley has many hot springs. The Santa Rosa Mountains to the west are part of the <a href="/wiki/Elsinore_Fault_Zone" title="Elsinore Fault Zone">Elsinore Fault Zone</a>. The results of a prehistoric <a href="/wiki/Sturzstrom" title="Sturzstrom">sturzstrom</a> can be seen in Martinez Canyon. The Painted Canyons of Mecca feature smaller faults as well as Precambrian, Tertiary and Quaternary rock formations, unconformities, badlands and desert landforms. Fault lines cause hot water springs or geysers to rise from the ground. These natural water sources made habitation and development possible in the otherwise inhospitable desert environment of the Coachella Valley. Major <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquakes</a> have affected the Coachella Valley. For instance, the <a href="/wiki/1992_Landers_earthquake" title="1992 Landers earthquake">1992 Landers earthquake</a> caused some damage in the valley. An earthquake of local origin which caused considerable damage was the <a href="/wiki/1986_North_Palm_Springs_earthquake" title="1986 North Palm Springs earthquake">1986 North Palm Springs earthquake</a>, which registered at a magnitude of 6.0, injuring 29 people and destroying 51 homes.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the summer months daytime temperatures range from 104 °F (40 °C) to 112 °F (44 °C) and nighttime lows from 75 °F (24 °C) to 86 °F (30 °C). During winter, the daytime temperatures range from 68 °F (20 °C) to 88 °F (31 °C) and corresponding nights range from 46 °F (8 °C) to 65 °F (18 °C) making it a popular winter resort destination. The surrounding mountains create Thermal Belts in the immediate foothills of the Coachella Valley, leading to higher night-time temperatures in the winter months, and lower daytime temps during the summer months. Due to its warm year-round climate the region's agricultural sector produces fruits such as mangoes, figs and dates. </p><p>The valley is the northwestern extension of the <a href="/wiki/Sonoran_Desert" title="Sonoran Desert">Sonoran Desert</a> to the southeast, and as such, is extremely arid. Most precipitation falls during the winter months from passing mid-latitude frontal systems from the north and west, nearly all of it as rain, but with snow atop the surrounding mountains. Rain also falls during the summer months as surges of moisture from both the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf of California are drawn into the area by the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Monsoon" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Monsoon">desert monsoon</a>. Occasionally, the remnants of a Pacific tropical cyclone can also affect the valley. In 1976, <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Kathleen_(1976)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Kathleen (1976)">Tropical Storm Kathleen</a> brought torrential rain and catastrophic flooding to the Coachella Valley as it swept in from the Pacific, traversing the region from south to north. A <a href="/wiki/Haboob" title="Haboob">haboob</a> powerful enough to have a significant impact on the Coachella Valley can happen every two years.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Palm Springs, CA (1991–2020 Normals) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95<br />(35) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99<br />(37) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">104<br />(40) </td> <td style="background: #DC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">112<br />(44) </td> <td style="background: #B30000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">116<br />(47) </td> <td style="background: #7C0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">123<br />(51) </td> <td style="background: #7C0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">123<br />(51) </td> <td style="background: #7C0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">123<br />(51) </td> <td style="background: #970000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">121<br />(49) </td> <td style="background: #B30000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">116<br />(47) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">102<br />(39) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #7C0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">123<br />(51) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.5<br />(21.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.7<br />(23.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.6<br />(27.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.7<br />(30.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.7<br />(34.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">103.6<br />(39.8) </td> <td style="background: #EF0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">108.6<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #F30000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">108.1<br />(42.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">101.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.1<br />(32.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.7<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.2<br />(20.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">88.9<br />(31.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.0<br />(15.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.7<br />(16.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.5<br />(19.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.9<br />(22.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.3<br />(26.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.2<br />(31.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.0<br />(34.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.0<br />(34.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.1<br />(31.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.8<br />(25.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.0<br />(18.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.7<br />(14.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">75.6<br />(24.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.6<br />(8.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.7<br />(9.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.4<br />(12.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.1<br />(15.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.9<br />(18.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.7<br />(22.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.4<br />(26.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.8<br />(26.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.4<br />(23.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.5<br />(18.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.4<br />(11.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.2<br />(7.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">62.3<br />(16.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19<br />(−7) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24<br />(−4) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29<br />(−2) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34<br />(1) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36<br />(2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44<br />(7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54<br />(12) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52<br />(11) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46<br />(8) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30<br />(−1) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23<br />(−5) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23<br />(−5) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19<br />(−7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.16<br />(29) </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.16<br />(29) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.49<br />(12) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.05<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.02<br />(0.51) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.02<br />(0.51) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.14<br />(3.6) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.29<br />(7.4) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.22<br />(5.6) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.20<br />(5.1) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.38<br />(9.7) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.70<br />(18) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.83<br />(123) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8 </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5 </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6 </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NOAA<sup id="cite_ref-NCDC_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCDC-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Boyd Deep Canyon Campground (1982–2012) Elev. 682 ft. </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.8<br />(21.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.1<br />(22.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.6<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.3<br />(29.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.4<br />(34.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">101.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF0400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">105.6<br />(40.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">104.5<br />(40.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99.5<br />(37.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.4<br />(31.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.4<br />(25.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.2<br />(20.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">87.1<br />(30.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.7<br />(15.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.7<br />(16.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.7<br />(19.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.1<br />(22.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.1<br />(26.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.7<br />(30.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.3<br />(33.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.6<br />(33.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.9<br />(30.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.9<br />(25.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.8<br />(19.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.3<br />(15.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">75.0<br />(23.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.5<br />(9.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.3<br />(10.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.7<br />(12.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.8<br />(14.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.8<br />(18.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.6<br />(22.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.0<br />(26.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.6<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.3<br />(23.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.4<br />(19.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.1<br />(13.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.4<br />(9.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">62.8<br />(17.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #E5FFE5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.68<br />(17) </td> <td style="background: #DEFFDE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.80<br />(20) </td> <td style="background: #F0FFF0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.40<br />(10) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.07<br />(1.8) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.04<br />(1.0) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.01<br />(0.25) </td> <td style="background: #F3FFF3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.29<br />(7.4) </td> <td style="background: #EDFFED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.48<br />(12) </td> <td style="background: #F0FFF0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.37<br />(9.4) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.21<br />(5.3) </td> <td style="background: #F3FFF3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.29<br />(7.4) </td> <td style="background: #E8FFE8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.61<br />(15) </td> <td style="background: #F1FFF1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.20<br />(107) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: deepcanyon.ucnrs.org<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Indio, CA (Lower Valley) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97<br />(36) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">100<br />(38) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">103<br />(39) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">109<br />(43) </td> <td style="background: #B30000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">117<br />(47) </td> <td style="background: #7C0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">123<br />(51) </td> <td style="background: #6E0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">125<br />(52) </td> <td style="background: #970000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">121<br />(49) </td> <td style="background: #890000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">122<br />(50) </td> <td style="background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">115<br />(46) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">101<br />(38) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #6E0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">125<br />(52) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.9<br />(22.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.3<br />(24.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.3<br />(27.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.5<br />(30.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.7<br />(35.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">103.1<br />(39.5) </td> <td style="background: #FA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">107.3<br />(41.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">106.6<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">102.0<br />(38.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.9<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.6<br />(26.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.0<br />(21.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">89.5<br />(31.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.3<br />(14.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.6<br />(16.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.1<br />(20.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.1<br />(23.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.7<br />(27.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.6<br />(31.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.8<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.4<br />(34.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.0<br />(31.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.8<br />(25.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.7<br />(18.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.6<br />(14.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">75.8<br />(24.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.6<br />(7.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.0<br />(8.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.8<br />(12.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.7<br />(15.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.7<br />(19.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.2<br />(23.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.3<br />(26.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.3<br />(26.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.0<br />(23.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.7<br />(17.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.8<br />(11.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.2<br />(6.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">62.1<br />(16.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13<br />(−11) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20<br />(−7) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25<br />(−4) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33<br />(1) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38<br />(3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45<br />(7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59<br />(15) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56<br />(13) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46<br />(8) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31<br />(−1) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23<br />(−5) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19<br />(−7) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13<br />(−11) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.56<br />(14) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.64<br />(16) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.43<br />(11) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.05<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.07<br />(1.8) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.01<br />(0.25) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.04<br />(1.0) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.54<br />(14) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.04<br />(1.0) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.26<br />(6.6) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.18<br />(4.6) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.62<br />(16) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.44<br />(87) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: www.ncdc.noaa.gov<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecology">Ecology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This desert environment hosts a variety of flora and fauna, including the endangered California Fan Palm, <i><a href="/wiki/Washingtonia_filifera" title="Washingtonia filifera">Washingtonia filifera</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bighorn_sheep" title="Bighorn sheep">Bighorn sheep</a> inhabit the Santa Rosa and San Jacinto mountain ranges as well as the <a href="/wiki/Fringe-toed_lizard" title="Fringe-toed lizard">fringe-toed lizard</a>, an indigenous desert reptile whose numbers are increasing under the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Endangered_Species_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered Species Act">Endangered Species Act</a>. Desert wildlife in the Coachella Valley includes localized subspecies of ants, bats, beetles, blackbirds, bobcats, coyotes, fleas, foxes, gnats, gophers, hawks, horseflies, jackrabbits, <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_rat" title="Kangaroo rat">kangaroo rats</a>, mosquitoes, mountain lions, pigeons, quails, rattlesnakes, ravens, roaches, <a href="/wiki/Roadrunner" title="Roadrunner">roadrunners</a>, scorpions, spiders, termites, ticks, wasps, <a href="/wiki/Whip_scorpion" class="mw-redirect" title="Whip scorpion">whip scorpions</a> or "vinegaroons", and wildcats. </p><p>See also: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_the_Colorado_Desert" title="Category:Geography of the Colorado Desert">Geography of the Colorado Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fauna_of_the_Colorado_Desert" title="Category:Fauna of the Colorado Desert">Fauna of the Colorado Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sonoran_Desert_wildflowers" title="List of Sonoran Desert wildflowers">Sonoran Desert wildflowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coachella_Valley_Jerusalem_Cricket" class="mw-redirect" title="Coachella Valley Jerusalem Cricket">Coachella Valley Jerusalem Cricket</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a retirement haven throughout the area's history, a large percentage of residents are age 65 or older. The valley has some of the densest concentrations of senior citizens in California with three of California’s cities with the highest percentages of residents age 65 and older: Indian Wells, Rancho Mirage, and Palm Desert.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though the area is somewhat politically conservative, it is also home to a sizeable <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> population; current estimates are that up to 33% of Palm Springs' residents identify as gay and lesbian,<sup id="cite_ref-The_Body_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Body-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Cathedral City is also home to a number of gay resorts, bars, restaurants and clubs. Many establishments along a stretch of Arenas Road in downtown Palm Springs are gay-oriented and serve as the center of the annual <a href="/wiki/Circuit_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Circuit Party">White Party</a>. According to an interview with former Palm Springs mayor <a href="/wiki/Ron_Oden" title="Ron Oden">Ron Oden</a>, perhaps at the time the United States' only openly gay African-American mayor,<sup id="cite_ref-The_Body_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Body-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a large number of people living with HIV (PWH) have moved to the Palm Springs area to take advantage of the extensive health-support systems that have been developed in recent years (such as DAP Health). For this reason, the area has one of the highest per capita rates of HIV in the nation. </p><p>The area has a large percentage of <a href="/wiki/Mexican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican American">Mexican American</a> political figures, plus the state assembly representative <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Garcia" title="Bonnie Garcia">Bonnie Garcia</a> of La Quinta is of <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican people">Puerto Rican</a> parentage. </p><p>The Coachella Valley was settled by a diverse array of races and ethnicities. Once viewed as predominantly Caucasian, the Coachella Valley has features of a diverse history. As of 2004,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (February 2024)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> the Claritas study<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> found that 373,100 people resided in the region. The racial makeup was 44.7% Non-Hispanic White, 49.9% Hispanic, 1.8% Black/African American, 2.1% Asian/Pacific Islander, 0.4% American Indian and Inuit, 0.1% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 20th century, less than 1,000 full-time residents lived in the "village" of Palm Springs, surrounding farms and ranches, and on the Indian reservation. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census,_1930" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Census, 1930">1930 U.S. census</a> found less than half the Coachella Valley's population was "white", the rest were <a href="/wiki/Mexican_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican people">Mexicans</a> especially in the eastern ends when <a href="/wiki/Traquero" title="Traquero">traqueros</a> arrived to maintain the area's railroads, and <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> of local tribes in what were then impoverished reservations.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting in the 1890s, there was a large <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scottish</a> presence in the region, after Palm Springs was an established agricultural colony called "Palm Valley" cofounded by Welwood Murray, a Scottish immigrant and John Guthrie McCallum, an American from the U.S. East Coast. The two men widely advertised the colony to settlers with an interest in a warm climate and the ideal winter residence.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hispanic_community">Hispanic community</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hispanic community"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic Americans</a> are long established in Palm Springs' central and eastern sections, and have constituted the majority of the populations of <a href="/wiki/Indio,_California" title="Indio, California">Indio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coachella,_California" title="Coachella, California">Coachella</a> for many decades. In the 2000 U.S. census, about 35 percent of Coachella Valley residents were Latino. But according to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Hispanic_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce">United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce</a>, an estimated half (50–60 percent) of the residents are Latino.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large portion of Latinos moving into the area are from the Los Angeles-Orange County and San Diego metro areas. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Most of the valley's Hispanics are <a href="/wiki/Mexican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican American">Mexican</a> from a multi-generational community (see <a href="/wiki/Chicano" title="Chicano">Chicano</a>), but <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central American</a> immigrants (especially in Indio and Cathedral City), <a href="/wiki/Cuban_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban American">Cuban Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Ricans in the United States">Puerto Ricans</a>, and South Americans are also numerous (esp. in Rancho Mirage and Palm Desert). Since the late 1980s, the large wave of immigration from neighboring Mexico has culturally impacted the Coachella Valley in many more ways than the rest of California or the country, but the national trend slowed down due to the late 2000s recession.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most Hispanic immigrants came to obtain work in the area's year-round agriculture, but today many find employment in construction and home remodeling, the resort hospitality industry, landscaping firms, and retail.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_racial/ethnic_groups"><span id="Other_racial.2Fethnic_groups"></span>Other racial/ethnic groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other racial/ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The prominence of <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Cahuilla" title="Cahuilla">Cahuilla</a> tribe is represented in local life; because of casino gambling and land ownership, the majority of local tribal members (Cahuilla pertaining to the Agua Caliente band and the Cabazon/Twentynine Palms bands) are in upper-income brackets. According to the Southern California <a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_American_Indians" title="National Congress of American Indians">National Congress of American Indians</a>, less than 5 percent of the area's residents are Native Americans.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African Americans</a> are concentrated in Palm Springs' northern and eastern ends, as well as in small sections of Indio and Desert Hot Springs, but local African Americans live everywhere in middle-class and wealthy areas and comprise less than 5 percent of the local population.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area is home to 10,000 <a href="/wiki/Indian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian American">Indian Americans</a> (mostly from <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>), descendants of agricultural workers in the 1930s and 1940s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Additionally, Palm Desert is the home of 1,000 <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahitians</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">Pacific Islander</a> people from <a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Other ethnic groups in the area like <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian Americans</a> (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Filipino_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino American">Filipinos</a>), followed by a small wave of <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arab_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab people">Arabs</a> (esp. <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_people" title="Lebanese people">Lebanese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syrian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian people">Syrians</a>) from the Middle East were involved in the area's agriculture in the early 1900s. In recent years, the area (especially Palm Desert and Palm Springs) became popular for <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Iranian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israeli_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli people">Israeli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">East Indian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslav (Former)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans">Korean</a> home buyers, with most purchasing increasingly high-valued properties for investment purposes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_emphasis_of_tolerance">Local emphasis of tolerance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Local emphasis of tolerance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In mid-2000, Palm Springs city officials and business leaders discussed making an unofficial declaration of Palm Springs as a "hate-free zone" as a sign of local pride to celebrate the city's tolerance (Palm Springs, especially in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Advocate_(LGBT_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Advocate (LGBT magazine)">The Advocate</a></i> magazine that caters to gay and lesbian readership, has voted it as one of the top five most popular world places for the gay/lesbian community) and multicultural <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">diversity</a> of the city's relaxed attitude regarding many races living close together.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> According to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palm_Springs_Pride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palm Springs Pride (page does not exist)">Palm Springs Pride</a> <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> association poll and census data in 2010, an estimated 40–45 percent of Palm Springs' residents are thought to be LGBT and nearby Cathedral City is about one-quarter, each having above averages of LGBT people for a U.S. city.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_life">Religious life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Religious life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Coachella_Valley" title="Special:EditPage/Coachella Valley">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Coachella+Valley%22">"Coachella Valley"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Coachella+Valley%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Coachella+Valley%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Coachella+Valley%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Coachella+Valley%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Coachella+Valley%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Many faiths and denominations are represented in the area. Protestants and Catholics are the most numerous. According to the Jewish Federation of the Desert based in <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs,_California" title="Palm Springs, California">Palm Springs</a>, the Coachella Valley has one of California's largest Jewish communities,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> estimated at 35,000, a result of being a major retirement destination and connections to the Hollywood film industry.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There has also been a sizable <a href="/wiki/Latter-Day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Latter-Day Saints">Latter-Day Saints</a> community since the early 1900s, with three <a href="/wiki/Stake_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Stake (Latter Day Saints)">stakes</a>, formerly <a href="/wiki/Branch_(LDS_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Branch (LDS Church)">branches</a>, which experienced rapid growth. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints form a large population in the <a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inland Empire (California)">Inland Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/High_Desert_(California)" title="High Desert (California)">High Desert</a> regions.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Islamic Society of the Coachella Valley has a <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a> in the city of Coachella.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communities_and_population">Communities and population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Communities and population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Coachella Valley contains nine cities and several unincorporated communities. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>City</th> <th>Population<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(2020 census) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_City,_California" title="Cathedral City, California">Cathedral City</a> </td> <td align="right">51,493 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coachella,_California" title="Coachella, California">Coachella</a> </td> <td align="right">41,941 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Desert_Hot_Springs,_California" title="Desert Hot Springs, California">Desert Hot Springs</a> </td> <td align="right">32,512 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Wells,_California" title="Indian Wells, California">Indian Wells</a> </td> <td align="right">4,757 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indio,_California" title="Indio, California">Indio</a> </td> <td align="right">89,137 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/La_Quinta,_California" title="La Quinta, California">La Quinta</a> </td> <td align="right">37,558 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Palm_Desert,_California" title="Palm Desert, California">Palm Desert</a> </td> <td align="right">51,163 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs,_California" title="Palm Springs, California">Palm Springs</a> </td> <td align="right">44,575 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rancho_Mirage,_California" title="Rancho Mirage, California">Rancho Mirage</a> </td> <td align="right">16,999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Cities Total</b> </td> <td align="right"><b>370,135</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The incorporated cities of the Coachella Valley had a population of approximately 370,000 at the 2020 Census. State projections estimate that the valley's population will pass 1 million by 2066.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Demographers believe the total population already surpassed the 500,000 mark, plus 100,000 temporary seasonal residents known as "snowbirds" arriving to stay during the winter months (from the end of October to the end of April).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The city of <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs,_California" title="Palm Springs, California">Palm Springs</a> sits at the northwest end of the valley. Unincorporated areas and towns include <a href="/wiki/Cabazon,_California" title="Cabazon, California">Cabazon</a> in the San Gorgonio Pass, and <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Dunes,_California" title="Bermuda Dunes, California">Bermuda Dunes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Palms,_California" title="Thousand Palms, California">Thousand Palms</a> in the east end of the valley. Others include Carver Tract, a county island between the cities of Indio and Coachella, <a href="/wiki/Indio_Hills,_California" title="Indio Hills, California">Indio Hills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sky_Valley,_California" title="Sky Valley, California">Sky Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Palm_Springs,_California" title="North Palm Springs, California">North Palm Springs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Garnet,_California" title="Garnet, California">Garnet</a> along the northern rim along with <a href="/wiki/Thermal,_California" title="Thermal, California">Thermal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vista_Santa_Rosa,_California" title="Vista Santa Rosa, California">Vista Santa Rosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oasis,_Riverside_County,_California" title="Oasis, Riverside County, California">Oasis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mecca,_California" title="Mecca, California">Mecca</a> to the southeast. The native <a href="/wiki/Cahuilla" title="Cahuilla">Cahuilla</a> tribe represented in the <a href="/wiki/Cabazon_Band_of_Mission_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabazon Band of Mission Indians">Cabazon Band of Mission Indians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twentynine_Palms_Band_of_Mission_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Twentynine Palms Band of Mission Indians">Twentynine Palms Band of Mission Indians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agua_Caliente_Band_of_Cahuilla_Indians" title="Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians">Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Torres-Martinez_Band_of_Cahuilla_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Torres-Martinez Band of Cahuilla Indians">Torres-Martinez Band of Cahuilla Indians</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mission_Creek_Band&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mission Creek Band (page does not exist)">Mission Creek Band</a> in unincorporated <a href="/wiki/Painted_Hills,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Painted Hills, California">Painted Hills</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_Indian_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Rosa Indian Reservation">Santa Rosa Indian Reservation</a> south of Palm Desert, each have reservations in the area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The irrigation of over 100,000 acres (40,500 ha) of the Valley since the early 20th century has allowed widespread agriculture. In its 2006 annual report, the Coachella Valley Water District listed the year's total crop value at over $576 million or almost $12,000 per acre.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2010 the valley produced agricultural products worth about $600 million.<sup id="cite_ref-cvwdPlan_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cvwdPlan-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The valley is the primary <a href="/wiki/Date_(fruit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Date (fruit)">date</a>-growing region in the United States, responsible for nearly 95 percent of the nation's crop and is celebrated each year in Indio during the Riverside <a href="/wiki/County_fair" class="mw-redirect" title="County fair">County Fair</a> and National Date Festival. The earliest attempt at growing dates came about in 1890 when the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> (USDA) imported date palm shoots from Iraq and Egypt. Sixty-eight shoots were distributed across the Southwest U.S. in <a href="/wiki/Las_Cruces,_New_Mexico" title="Las Cruces, New Mexico">Las Cruces, New Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuma,_Arizona" title="Yuma, Arizona">Yuma, Arizona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a>, and several California cites: Indio, <a href="/wiki/Pomona,_California" title="Pomona, California">Pomona</a> near Los Angeles, <a href="/wiki/Tulare,_California" title="Tulare, California">Tulare</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_City,_California" title="National City, California">National City</a> near San Diego. The imports were almost all male seedlings and produced poor fruit. The Coachella Valley showed promise, so USDA horticulturist Bernard Johnson planted a number of shoots that he brought back from Algeria in September 1903. On his own initiative, Johnson imported more shoots from Algeria in 1908 and again in 1912. The area's entire date industry can be traced back to those original USDA experiments near present-day <a href="/wiki/Mecca,_California" title="Mecca, California">Mecca</a>. Date palms were grown from present-day <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_City,_California" title="Cathedral City, California">Cathedral City</a> to the Salton Sea, but most date groves were overtaken by development by the 1990s. Today nearly all of the date groves are in the "East Valley" area south of Indio, near Coachella and east of La Quinta. </p><p>Other agricultural products cultivated in the Coachella Valley include fruits and vegetables, especially table grapes, citrus fruits such as lemons, limes, oranges and grapefruit; onions and leeks; and peppers. The valley floor served to grow bounties of alfalfa, artichokes, avocados, beans, beets, cabbage, carrots, corn, cotton, cucumbers, dandelions (salad greens), eggplant, figs, grains (i.e. barley, oats, rye and wheat; plus rice fields kept wet or moist in the Salton Sea area), hops, kohlrabi, lettuce, mangoes, nectarines and peaches, persimmons, plums and prunes, pomegranate, potatoes, radishes, spinach, strawberries, sugar cane, tomatoes, a variety of herbs and spices, and other vegetable crops. The Coachella grapefruit originated in the region. The city of <a href="/wiki/Coachella,_California" title="Coachella, California">Coachella</a> is the primary shipping point for agricultural goods. Domesticated grasses, flowers and trees are widely grown for warm-weather or desert climates, and sold for use in golf courses and landscape. </p><p>Only 10 percent of the Coachella Valley residents were born/raised in the area, according to the 2000 census, a much lower percentage than found in most parts of the U.S. Agriculture is a founding block of the majority of the residents whose parents and grandparents came to the area as farmers and laborers transformed the eastern parts of the valley from a hot sandy desert into a fertile place with a year-round growing season. The Coachella Valley's agricultural development is due to irrigation: water was drawn from an underground aquifer created when the valley was under a fresh water lake in the last <a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">ice age</a> (over 10,000 years ago); and from the <a href="/wiki/Coachella_Canal" title="Coachella Canal">Coachella Canal</a>, a concrete-lined aqueduct built between 1938 and 1948 as a branch of the <a href="/wiki/All-American_Canal" title="All-American Canal">All-American Canal</a>, which brings water from the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado River (U.S.)">Colorado River</a> to the Valley. The <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Aqueduct" title="Colorado River Aqueduct">Colorado River Aqueduct</a>, which provides drinking water to Los Angeles and <a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego, California">San Diego</a>, crosses the northeast end of the Valley along the base of the Little San Bernardino Mountains (the <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Tree_National_Park" title="Joshua Tree National Park">Joshua Tree National Park</a>). Recent growth of fish farming or <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a> in Mecca near the Salton Sea brings new promise to the local economy, especially to efforts to restore the ailing ecology of the large saltwater lake. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wind_power">Wind power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Wind power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:San_gorgonio_pass_wind_farm_california_pano.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The San Gorgonio Pass Wind Farm as viewed from the top of the Palm Springs Aerial Tramway in the San Jacinto Mountains to the south"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/San_gorgonio_pass_wind_farm_california_pano.jpg/800px-San_gorgonio_pass_wind_farm_california_pano.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/San_gorgonio_pass_wind_farm_california_pano.jpg/1200px-San_gorgonio_pass_wind_farm_california_pano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/San_gorgonio_pass_wind_farm_california_pano.jpg/1600px-San_gorgonio_pass_wind_farm_california_pano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8329" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:San_gorgonio_pass_wind_farm_california_pano.jpg" title="File:San gorgonio pass wind farm california pano.jpg"> </a></div>The <a href="/wiki/San_Gorgonio_Pass_Wind_Farm" class="mw-redirect" title="San Gorgonio Pass Wind Farm">San Gorgonio Pass Wind Farm</a> as viewed from the top of the <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs_Aerial_Tramway" title="Palm Springs Aerial Tramway">Palm Springs Aerial Tramway</a> in the <a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_Mountains" title="San Jacinto Mountains">San Jacinto Mountains</a> to the south</div></div></div> <p>The valley's northwest entrance from the <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino" class="mw-redirect" title="San Bernardino">San Bernardino</a>-<a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside</a> along <a href="/wiki/Interstate_10_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 10 (California)">Interstate 10</a> is known as the <a href="/wiki/San_Gorgonio_Pass" title="San Gorgonio Pass">San Gorgonio Pass</a> and is the second windiest place in the country. Cool coastal air is forced through the pass and mixes with the hot desert air, making the San Gorgonio Pass one of only three ideal places in California for steady, wind-generated electricity. At the <a href="/wiki/San_Gorgonio_Pass_Wind_Farm" class="mw-redirect" title="San Gorgonio Pass Wind Farm">San Gorgonio Pass Wind Farm</a>, thousands of huge wind turbines spread across the desert and hills on either side of the highway greet visitors as they approach the crest of the pass and have become somewhat of a symbol of the area. The state's other wind farms are in the <a href="/wiki/Tehachapi_Pass" title="Tehachapi Pass">Tehachapi Pass</a> between <a href="/wiki/Mojave,_California" title="Mojave, California">Mojave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Altamont_Pass" title="Altamont Pass">Altamont Pass</a> near <a href="/wiki/Livermore,_California" title="Livermore, California">Livermore</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Businesses">Businesses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Businesses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a> Water Technologies, Palm Desert – manufacturer of industrial water filtration systems.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guthy-Renker" title="Guthy-Renker">Guthy-Renker</a>, Palm Desert – producer of mail order <a href="/wiki/Infomercial" title="Infomercial">infomercials</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernie_Ball" title="Ernie Ball">Ernie Ball</a>, manufacturer of electric guitar strings, opened a manufacturing facility in Coachella in 2005.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shields_Date_Gardens" title="Shields Date Gardens">Shields Date Gardens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_dactylifera" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenix dactylifera">date</a> producer – a local landmark and tourist attraction since 1924.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a> bottling plant facility in Coachella – opened in 2009 and employs 1,000 people.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Medical_Center" title="Eisenhower Medical Center">Eisenhower Medical Center</a>, opened in 1971, is a 540-bed hospital with in-patient facilities, emergency department, and out-patient clinics and urgent care centers. Eisenhower employs approximately 2800 people.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recreation_and_annual_activities">Recreation and annual activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Recreation and annual activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Coachella_Valley" title="Special:EditPage/Coachella Valley">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Coachella+Valley%22">"Coachella Valley"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Coachella+Valley%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Coachella+Valley%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Coachella+Valley%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Coachella+Valley%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Coachella+Valley%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>With warm winters and more than 350 days of sunshine per year, recreational hiking and horseback riding are popular in the many canyons in the mountains that surround the valley. Thousand Palms Canyon is a popular destination, amongst many. </p><p>The Coachella Valley was once a safe haven for hay fever allergy sufferers before the surge of golf courses and year-round lawns, and people with bronchitis, emphysema and asthma chose to relocate for health reasons in the early half of the 20th century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the early 20th century, the town of Palm Springs was ideal for an agricultural economy. Today, many of the fields and groves of the desert cities were replaced by homes and golf courses. Agriculture thrived in the eastern or lower part of the Coachella Valley in Indio, Coachella, Thermal, Mecca, and Oasis thanks in part to a large underground aquifer to sustain a year-round green environment. </p><p>Roughly 125 golf courses blanket the area, making it one of the world's premier golf destinations and the most popular golf vacation destination in California. The <a href="/wiki/Merrill_Lynch_Skins_Game" class="mw-redirect" title="Merrill Lynch Skins Game">Merrill Lynch Skins Game</a> was held in La Quinta each <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">Thanksgiving</a> and drew some of the biggest names in golf. The <a href="/wiki/Professional_Golfers%27_Association_of_America" title="Professional Golfers' Association of America">PGA</a> has a major presence in La Quinta as well with the PGA WEST golf and residential complex. One of the host courses of the aforementioned Bob Hope Chrysler Classic, a PGA WEST fairway represents the area in <a href="/wiki/Soarin%27_Over_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Soarin' Over California">Soarin' Over California</a>, an <a href="/wiki/IMAX" title="IMAX">IMAX</a>-based attraction at <a href="/wiki/Disney_California_Adventure_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney California Adventure Park">Disney California Adventure Park</a> theme park. </p><p>The area is also dotted with casinos owned by the local Indian tribes. As of 2024, there are six standalone casinos in the Coachella Valley. The valley is home to resort hotels built around spas with natural <a href="/wiki/Mineral_water" title="Mineral water">mineral water</a> wells, specifically in <a href="/wiki/Desert_Hot_Springs" class="mw-redirect" title="Desert Hot Springs">Desert Hot Springs</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs_Aerial_Tramway" title="Palm Springs Aerial Tramway">Palm Springs Aerial Tramway</a> takes visitors from the valley floor to the <a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_Peak" title="San Jacinto Peak">San Jacinto Peak</a> mountain station 8,516 feet (2,596 m) above sea level. </p><p>Palm Springs is home to one of the country's largest collections of mid-century architecture. Thousands of homes, apartments, hotels, businesses and other buildings were designed in this fashion across the city. International mid-century enthusiasts come to Palm Springs to admire the design. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events,_activities_and_attractions"><span id="Events.2C_activities_and_attractions"></span>Events, activities and attractions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Events, activities and attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Changing exhibits of sculptures can be found along El Paseo Drive in Palm Desert. </p><p>Palm Springs has the annual <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs_International_Film_Festival" title="Palm Springs International Film Festival">Palm Springs International Film Festival</a> every January and the Palm Springs International Short Film Festival (or <a href="/wiki/ShortFest" class="mw-redirect" title="ShortFest">ShortFest</a>) held in June, at the Palm Springs Cultural Center. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Wells_Tennis_Garden" title="Indian Wells Tennis Garden">Indian Wells Tennis Garden</a>, opened in 2000, hosts the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Wells_Masters" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Wells Masters">BNP Paribas Open</a> tennis tournament annually in March. </p><p>Each February, Indio hosts the <a href="/wiki/Riverside_County_Fair_and_National_Date_Festival" title="Riverside County Fair and National Date Festival">Riverside County Fair and National Date Festival</a>. Indio is also the site of the annual <a href="/wiki/Coachella_Valley_Music_and_Arts_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival">Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a multi-genre music concert venue in the Empire Polo Ground, recognized as one of the nation's premiere music festivals for its high-profile acts and scenic beauty. </p><p>Visitors see desert nature at the nearby <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Tree_National_Park" title="Joshua Tree National Park">Joshua Tree National Park</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sand_to_Snow_National_Monument" title="Sand to Snow National Monument">Sand to Snow National Monument</a> to the north, the Santa Rosa Mountains to the south and Mt. San Jacinto Aerial Tram to the west. The <a href="/wiki/Living_Desert_Zoo_and_Gardens" title="Living Desert Zoo and Gardens">Living Desert Zoo and Gardens</a> is located in Palm Desert and has a collection of animals mostly from North America and Africa and hosts the annual Wild Lights Christmas light display.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Coachella Valley History Museum in Indio<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is devoted to the preservation and interpretation of the Coachella Valley's historical artifacts. </p><p>Other activities include: </p> <ul><li>An annual air show is held in November is held at the <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Cochran_Regional_Airport" title="Jacqueline Cochran Regional Airport">Jacqueline Cochran Regional Airport</a> in Thermal. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palm_Springs_Airport_Annual_Air_Show&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palm Springs Airport Annual Air Show (page does not exist)">Palm Springs Airport Annual Air Show</a> held every January displays World War II-era vintage fighter aircraft.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Desert_Circuit_Horse_Show&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Desert Circuit Horse Show (page does not exist)">The Desert Circuit Horse Show</a> is one of the nation's largest horse competitions is also held at the Desert International Horse Park located in Thermal from January through March.</li> <li>In 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Coachella_Valley_Firebirds" title="Coachella Valley Firebirds">Coachella Valley Firebirds</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Hockey_League" title="American Hockey League">American Hockey League</a> play home games at the <a href="/wiki/Acrisure_Arena" title="Acrisure Arena">Acrisure Arena</a> in Palm Desert.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs_Power" title="Palm Springs Power">Palm Springs Power</a> collegiate summer league baseball team plays during the summer and the <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs_Chill" title="Palm Springs Chill">Palm Springs Chill</a> is a team of the <a href="/wiki/California_Winter_League" title="California Winter League">California Winter League</a> plays in January and February both in <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs_Stadium" title="Palm Springs Stadium">Palm Springs Stadium</a> with opponent teams the <a href="/wiki/Canada_A%27s" title="Canada A's">Canada A's</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley_Snowbirds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coachella Valley Snowbirds (page does not exist)">Coachella Valley Snowbirds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palm_Desert_Coyotes" title="Palm Desert Coyotes">Palm Desert Coyotes</a>. It is the former site of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Angels_of_Anaheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim">California Angels</a> major league spring training facility from 1961 to 1993.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/College_of_the_Desert" title="College of the Desert">College of the Desert</a> in Palm Desert is the home of the Roadrunners, which participate in junior college football, baseball, basketball, softball, soccer, and other sports.</li> <li>The expanded <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs_Convention_Center" title="Palm Springs Convention Center">Palm Springs Convention Center</a> is a major venue for shows, concerts, auctions, expos and exhibits. In the past, it played host to exhibition basketball, roller hockey games, ice skating events and indoor sports. The <a href="/wiki/NBA_G_League" title="NBA G League">NBA G League</a> basketball <a href="/wiki/Agua_Caliente_Clippers" class="mw-redirect" title="Agua Caliente Clippers">Agua Caliente Clippers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ontario,_California" title="Ontario, California">Ontario</a> played some games there.</li> <li>In 2008–11, The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Wells_Tennis_Garden" title="Indian Wells Tennis Garden">Indian Wells Tennis Garden</a> hosted the <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Suns#NBA_Outdoors" title="Phoenix Suns">Annual NBA Outdoors Game</a> hosted by the <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Suns" title="Phoenix Suns">Phoenix Suns</a> every first weekend of October.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Walter_Annenberg" title="Walter Annenberg">Walter Annenberg</a> Estate Museum dedicated to the famous valley resident, billionaire, friend to celebrities and philanthropist.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_of_Food_%26_Wine_Palm_Desert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Art of Food & Wine Palm Desert (page does not exist)">Art of Food & Wine Palm Desert</a> in the Gardens in El Paseo.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism_Week" title="Modernism Week">Modernism Week</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Wells_Arts_and_Food_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian Wells Arts and Food Festival (page does not exist)">Indian Wells Arts and Food Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Quinta_Arts_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Quinta Arts Festival (page does not exist)">La Quinta Arts Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southwest_Arts_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southwest Arts Festival (page does not exist)">Southwest Arts Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Discovery_Museum_of_San_Jose" title="Children's Discovery Museum of San Jose">Children's Discovery Museum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Coachella Valley is served by three public school districts: the <a href="/wiki/Coachella_Valley_Unified_School_District" title="Coachella Valley Unified School District">Coachella Valley Unified School District</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of Coachella; <a href="/wiki/Desert_Sands_Unified_School_District" title="Desert Sands Unified School District">Desert Sands Unified School District</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> serving La Quinta, Indio and Palm Desert; and <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs_Unified_School_District" title="Palm Springs Unified School District">Palm Springs Unified School District</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of Palm Springs, Cathedral City, Rancho Mirage, and Desert Hot Springs. </p><p>There are 12 public high schools: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_City_High_School" title="Cathedral City High School">Cathedral City High School</a>, Cathedral City.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coachella_Valley_High_School" title="Coachella Valley High School">Coachella Valley High School</a>, Coachella.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Hot_Springs_High_School" title="Desert Hot Springs High School">Desert Hot Springs High School</a>, Desert Hot Springs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Mirage_High_School" title="Desert Mirage High School">Desert Mirage High School</a>, Thermal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indio_High_School" title="Indio High School">Indio High School</a>, Indio – renovated.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Quinta_High_School_(La_Quinta,_California)" title="La Quinta High School (La Quinta, California)">La Quinta High School (La Quinta, California)</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Desert_High_School" title="Palm Desert High School">Palm Desert High School</a>, Palm Desert.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs_High_School" title="Palm Springs High School">Palm Springs High School</a>, Palm Springs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rancho_Mirage_High_School" title="Rancho Mirage High School">Rancho Mirage High School</a>, Rancho Mirage.</li> <li>Seaview High School, Mecca.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Hills_High_School" title="Shadow Hills High School">Shadow Hills High School</a>, Indio.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Shores_High_School" title="West Shores High School">West Shores High School</a>, Salton City.</li></ul> <p>For athletics, the schools compete in the <a href="/wiki/Desert_Valley_League" title="Desert Valley League">Desert Valley League</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desert_Empire_League" title="Desert Empire League">Desert Empire League</a> or the <a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Anza_league&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Anza league (page does not exist)">De Anza league</a>, all part of the Southern Section of the <a href="/wiki/California_Interscholastic_Federation" title="California Interscholastic Federation">California Interscholastic Federation</a>. </p><p>Private education is provided by such as: </p> <ul><li>Catholic School (Our Lady of Perpetual Help), Indio.</li> <li>Christian Desert Calvary Bible School, Cathedral City.</li> <li>Christian Scientist School, Palm Desert.</li> <li>Community of Christ School, Palm Springs.</li> <li>Desert Adventist Academy, Palm Desert.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Desert Chapel and high school, Palm Springs.</li> <li>Desert Christian Academy (formerly Christian School of the Desert), Bermuda Dunes.</li> <li>Desert Torah Academy (was Jewish Community School), Palm Desert.</li> <li>Escuela Cesar Chavez (High School), Indio.</li> <li>Grace Christian Academy, Indio (and Yucca Valley)</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Indio (County) Community School, Indio</li> <li>King's Schools (Distinctively Christian Education), Palm Springs.</li> <li>Learning Tree School, Palm Desert.</li> <li>Marywood Academy, Rancho Mirage.</li> <li>Mayfield School, Rancho Mirage.</li> <li>Mission Springs School, Desert Hot Springs.</li> <li>Morongo (Desert View) Military Academy, Desert Hot Springs.</li> <li>Nova Academy, Coachella.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Oasis Seventh-Day Adventist Academy, Palm Desert.</li> <li>Orange Crest Academy, Palm Springs (Riverside based).</li> <li>Palm Desert Presbyterian Church School, Palm Desert.</li> <li>Palm Springs Community School (Harry Oliver-Thousand Palms and Frances Stevens campuses-Palm Springs).</li> <li>Palm Springs County School, North Palm Springs.</li> <li>Palm Valley School, Rancho Mirage.</li> <li>Presbyterian Church School of the Desert, Palm Springs.</li> <li>River Springs Charter School, Indio <sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sacred Heart Catholic School, Palm Desert.</li> <li>Saint Teresa's Catholic School, Palm Springs.</li> <li>San Cayetano Community School, Palm Desert.</li> <li>Southwest Community Church School, Indian Wells.</li> <li>The Ranch Christian Academy, Thousand Palms.</li> <li>Xavier College Preparatory High School, Palm Desert.</li></ul> <p>Higher education is served by the <a href="/wiki/College_of_the_Desert" title="College of the Desert">College of the Desert</a> (COD), a <a href="/wiki/Community_colleges_in_the_United_States" title="Community colleges in the United States">community college</a> with its main campus in Palm Desert. COD constructed several satellite campuses including an annex on Oasis Street in <a href="/wiki/Indio,_California" title="Indio, California">Indio</a>, an East Valley campus in Thermal and a West Valley annex in Palm Springs. COD has experienced sudden growth in the campus from the 1970s to the late 2000s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Riverside" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California Riverside">University of California Riverside</a> (Coachella Valley) and <a href="/wiki/California_State_University_San_Bernardino" class="mw-redirect" title="California State University San Bernardino">California State University San Bernardino</a> (Palm Desert) campus annexes are located in the Indian Wells (Higher) Education Center in Palm Desert. </p><p>There is the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_Business_College" title="Santa Barbara Business College">Santa Barbara Business College</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Bernardino_Skidron_Business_School/College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Bernardino Skidron Business School/College (page does not exist)">San Bernardino Skidron Business School/College</a> in Palm Desert. Another college is <a href="/wiki/Brandman_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandman University">Brandman University</a>, operated by <a href="/wiki/Chapman_University" title="Chapman University">Chapman University</a> in Palm Desert.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Coachella Valley, under the title "Palm Springs", is a distinct <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_ratings" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen ratings">Nielsen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arbitron" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbitron">Arbitron</a> ratings market, with eight local television stations and twenty radio stations. The first television station in the Coachella Valley is KMIR channel 6 by <a href="/wiki/John_Conte_(actor)" title="John Conte (actor)">John Conte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a>, the NBC affiliate premiered in 1968 remains on the air as the desert's longest running TV station. KPLM (which later became KESQ, the Coachella Valley's current ABC affiliate) went on the air later with a party that made national headlines; it was founded by Robert E. Leonard. The station later made national news and garnered late night jokes from <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Carson" title="Johnny Carson">Johnny Carson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Newhart" title="Bob Newhart">Bob Newhart</a> when the station manager accidentally ran on air a pornographic movie.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gun_TV" title="Gun TV">Gun TV</a>, the gun <a href="/wiki/Shopping_channel" title="Shopping channel">shopping channel</a>, was headquartered in the Valley.<sup id="cite_ref-Noble_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noble-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cable subscribers under <a href="/wiki/Spectrum_(cable_service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectrum (cable service)">Charter Spectrum cable</a> can receive some <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> area television channels as part of basic cable service. Satellite television and satellite radio are available as well. The eastern Coachella Valley can receive Mexican television from <a href="/wiki/Mexicali" title="Mexicali">Mexicali</a>, 90 miles (140 km) away. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gannett_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Gannett Company">Gannett Company</a>-owned <i><a href="/wiki/The_Desert_Sun" title="The Desert Sun">The Desert Sun</a></i> is the local daily newspaper;<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Press-Enterprise" class="mw-redirect" title="Press-Enterprise">Riverside Press-Enterprise</a></i> is also sold there (Gannett also operates the Desert Post Weekly). The Desert Valley Star Weekly<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an independent community weekly that covers the Coachella Valley, and the Desert Entertainer is a calendar-type entertainment weekly produced by Hi-Desert Publishing. The area's city magazine, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palm_Springs_Life&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palm Springs Life (page does not exist)">Palm Springs Life</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> caters to the valley's rich and famous elites, while The Sun Runner Magazine<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> covers the California desert region, including the Coachella Valley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palmspringsartmagazine.com/">Palm Springs Art Patron Magazine</a> covers the Art community of the Desert. A number of periodicals cover the area's LGBT community, including <i>In Magazine.</i> </p><p>An alternative news and entertainment publication, the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley_Independent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coachella Valley Independent (page does not exist)">Coachella Valley Independent</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was founded online in late 2012. It is currently in print as a monthly publication.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="anchor" id="Coachella_Valley_Weekly"></span> Another independent publication is <i>Coachella Valley Weekly</i>, which is printed weekly and was also founded in 2012. The Coachella Valley also has a <a href="/wiki/Art_blog" title="Art blog">Coachella Valley Art Scene Blog</a> for the younger community.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Coachella_Valley" title="Special:EditPage/Coachella Valley">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Coachella+Valley%22">"Coachella Valley"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Coachella+Valley%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Coachella+Valley%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Coachella+Valley%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Coachella+Valley%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Coachella+Valley%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Included are Low-Power stations and relay transmitters with limited frequency area<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>KPLM-LP Channel 1 Ind. - Twentynine Palms.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KYUM-LD" title="KYUM-LD">KYUM-LD</a> Channels 15/51 (Spanish language religious) – Indio/Imperial Valley/Yuma, Arizona.</li> <li>KAKZ-LD Channel 4 (<a href="/wiki/Azteca_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Azteca America">Azteca America</a>) – Palm Springs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KVYE" title="KVYE">KVYE</a> Channel 7 (<a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">Univision</a>) – <a href="/wiki/Yuma,_Arizona" title="Yuma, Arizona">Yuma, Arizona</a>.</li> <li>KVPS Channel 8 – (Spanish language Religious) – Indio.</li> <li>Channel 9 (<a href="/wiki/KECY" class="mw-redirect" title="KECY">KECY</a> FOX) – <a href="/wiki/El_Centro,_California" title="El Centro, California">El Centro, California</a>.</li> <li>K09XW Channel 9 (PBS) – transmitter of <a href="/wiki/KVCR-DT" title="KVCR-DT">KVCR-DT</a> Riverside/San Bernardino – Palm Springs/Palm Desert.</li> <li>Channel 10 K10QV-D (K10OU)/ KLPS Channel 19 (Independent) – Palm Springs.</li> <li>Channel 11/34 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=KESE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KESE (page does not exist)">KESE</a> 35 Telemundo) – El Centro.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KYAV-LP" class="mw-redirect" title="KYAV-LP">KYAV-LP</a> Channel 12 <a href="/wiki/AccuWeather" title="AccuWeather">AccuWeather</a> – Yucca Valley.</li> <li>Channel 13 (<a href="/wiki/KYMA-DT" title="KYMA-DT">KYMA-DT</a> CBS) – Yuma Az/El Centro.</li> <li>Channel 14 (<a href="/wiki/XHBM-TDT" class="mw-redirect" title="XHBM-TDT">XHBM</a> – Televisa) – Mexicali.</li> <li>K14AB (<a href="/wiki/KTTV" title="KTTV">KTTV</a> 11 Fox Los Angeles) – Yucca Valley.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KUNA-LD" title="KUNA-LD">KUNA-LD</a> Channel 15 (Telemundo) – Palm Desert/La Quinta.</li> <li>K15FC – transmitter of KESQ Palm Springs – Joshua Tree.</li> <li>K16AA – transmitter of KCBS Los Angeles – Morongo Valley.</li> <li>KODG-LP Channel 17 <a href="/wiki/KOCE" class="mw-redirect" title="KOCE">KOCE</a> 50-PBS <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange County</a> – Indio/Palm Springs.</li> <li>KJHP-LP Channel 18 (PBS) – transmitter of KVCR-DT – Morongo Valley/Palm Springs.</li> <li>K19DB (Spanish language religious) – <a href="/wiki/Victorville,_California" title="Victorville, California">Victorville</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCWQ-LD" title="KCWQ-LD">KCWQ-LD</a> channel 20 (<a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a>) – Palm Springs/Palm Desert/Indio.</li> <li>K20HZ "KMXX" Channel 20 (<a href="/wiki/Home_Shopping_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Shopping Network">HSN</a>/ <a href="/w/index.php?title=MexiCanal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MexiCanal (page does not exist)">MexiCanal</a>) – Indio/Palm Springs.</li> <li>K21DO "KNDO" (<a href="/wiki/3ABN" class="mw-redirect" title="3ABN">3ABN</a> religious) – Indio/Palm Springs.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KSHT-LP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KSHT-LP (page does not exist)">KSHT-LP</a> Channel 22 (Independent) – Indio/Palm Springs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KVMD" title="KVMD">KVMD</a> Channels 23/31 (Independent, Asian language, ethnic and <a href="/wiki/EWTN" title="EWTN">EWTN</a> programming) – Twentynine Palms/ Victorville.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_Experience" title="First Nations Experience">FNX</a> Channel 24.2 – San Bernardino.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHAQ-TDT" class="mw-redirect" title="XHAQ-TDT">XHAQ</a> channel 28 (TV Azteca) – Mexicali.</li> <li>K29GK – transmitter of <a href="/wiki/KTLA" title="KTLA">KTLA</a> Los Angeles – Yucca Valley.</li> <li>K60GY 30 – transmitter of <a href="/wiki/KPSE-LD" title="KPSE-LD">KPSE-LD</a> 50 – Twentynine Palms.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOCE-TV" title="KOCE-TV">KRVD</a> Channel 30 (<a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>) – Banning.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRET-CD" title="KRET-CD">KRET-CD</a> Channels 31/45 (MeTV) – Palm Desert/ Yucca Valley.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDFX-CD" title="KDFX-CD">KDFX-CD</a> Channel 33 (FOX, cable 11) – Indio/Palm Springs.</li> <li>"K35LA" – Channel 35 <a href="/wiki/KCET" title="KCET">KCET</a> Desert cities – Digital cable channel 218 – Los Angeles.</li> <li>Channels 35/39 (Telemundo) via <a href="/wiki/KVEA" title="KVEA">KVEA</a> Corona/Los Angeles.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHBC-TDT" title="XHBC-TDT">XHBC</a> channels 3/34/35 (Televisa) – Mexicali.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMIR" class="mw-redirect" title="KMIR">KMIR</a> Channel 36 (NBC, cable 13) – Palm Desert (Palm Springs), 36.2 (<a href="/wiki/MeTV" title="MeTV">MeTV</a>) and 36.3 – <a href="/wiki/Movies!" title="Movies!">Movies!</a> – also available in <a href="/wiki/Banning,_California" title="Banning, California">Banning, California</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KVES-LD" class="mw-redirect" title="KVES-LD">KVES-LD</a> Channel 36 (Univision) – Palm Springs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPSP-CD" title="KPSP-CD">KPSP-CD</a> Channels 38 (CBS, cable 2) (CBS-Loop of local KESQ family news programs) – Thousand Palms.</li> <li>Channel 39 (<a href="/wiki/RFDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="RFDTV">RFDTV</a> translator) – Coachella/Imperial.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KVER-CD" title="KVER-CD">KVER-CD</a> Channels 41 (Univision), 41.2 (Unimas), 41.3 (<a href="/wiki/Court_TV_Mystery" class="mw-redirect" title="Court TV Mystery">Court TV Mystery</a>), 41.4 (<a href="/wiki/Laff_(TV_network)" title="Laff (TV network)">Laff</a>), 41.5 (<a href="/wiki/KPST-FM" title="KPST-FM">KPST-FM</a>) – Indio.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KVES-CA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KVES-CA (page does not exist)">KVES-CA</a> Channels 41.1 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=GalaVision&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GalaVision (page does not exist)">GalaVision</a>), 41.2 (UniMas) – Cathedral City.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KESQ-TV" title="KESQ-TV">KESQ-TV</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Channel 42 (ABC, cable 3) – Palm Desert (Palm Springs)/Indio – available in <a href="/wiki/Hemet,_California" title="Hemet, California">Hemet</a>/<a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto,_California" title="San Jacinto, California">San Jacinto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banning,_California" title="Banning, California">Banning</a>/<a href="/wiki/Beaumont,_California" title="Beaumont, California">Beaumont</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPXN-TV" title="KPXN-TV">KPXN-TV</a> Channel 43 (<a href="/wiki/Ion_Television" title="Ion Television">Ion</a>) – San Bernardino transmits.</li> <li>"KHIX" Channel 45 – transmitter of <a href="/wiki/KVME" class="mw-redirect" title="KVME">KVME</a> (<a href="/wiki/MeTV" title="MeTV">MeTV</a>) Bishop.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KFTR-DT" title="KFTR-DT">KFTR-DT</a> Channel 46 (UniMas) – Ontario/San Bernardino.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHILA-TDT" title="XHILA-TDT">XHILA-TDT</a> Channel 46 – Mexicali.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYU-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="BYU-TV">BYU-TV</a> transmitter of <a href="/wiki/KBYU-TV" title="KBYU-TV">KBYU-TV</a> 11 <a href="/wiki/Provo,_Utah" title="Provo, Utah">Provo, Utah</a>.</li> <li>K49HV Channel 49 – transmitter of <a href="/wiki/KILM" title="KILM">KILM</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=SonLife_Broadcasting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SonLife Broadcasting (page does not exist)">SonLife Broadcasting</a> religious) Victorville.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPSE-LD" title="KPSE-LD">KPSE-LD</a> Channel 50 (<a href="/wiki/My_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="My Network">My Network</a>) – Palm Springs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAZA-TV" title="KAZA-TV">KAZA-TV</a> channels 54/34 (<a href="/wiki/Azteca_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Azteca America">Azteca America</a>) – Los Angeles.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDOC-TV" title="KDOC-TV">KDOC</a> channel 56 (Independent) – Anaheim/Orange County.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morris Corporation (page does not exist)">Morris Corporation</a>-owned <a href="/w/index.php?title=Desert_Radio_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desert Radio Group (page does not exist)">Desert Radio Group</a> of Palm Springs owns three AM and three FM radio stations; RM Broadcasting of Palm Springs is the largest in terms of FM ownership with four stations: <a href="/wiki/KPLM" title="KPLM">KPLM</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "K-Palm", <a href="/wiki/KRHQ" title="KRHQ">KRHQ</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "KJ-Jazz", <a href="/wiki/KJJZ" title="KJJZ">KJJZ</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "the Oasis" and <a href="/wiki/KMRJ" title="KMRJ">KMRJ</a> "The Heat"; and R&R Broadcasting of Palm Springs, the only other independent group other than RR Broadcasting, owns three AM and two FM stations with negotiations solidified to close the purchase of their newest station, <a href="/wiki/KWXY" title="KWXY">KWXY</a>-FM.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group currently owns the FM station merged with the other station <a href="/wiki/KDES" class="mw-redirect" title="KDES">KDES</a> 104.7 moved to 98.5 on the FM dial in 2011, <a href="/wiki/CBS_Radio" title="CBS Radio">CBS Radio</a> <a href="/wiki/KXO_(AM)" title="KXO (AM)">KXO</a> is the region's oldest radio station since 1927 based in <a href="/wiki/El_Centro,_California" title="El Centro, California">El Centro, California</a>. Formerly "KEZN", KQPS is one of 3 LGBT-themed local radio stations on 103.1 FM Palm Desert, Ca. 92260,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=KCPC_(AM)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KCPC (AM) (page does not exist)">KCPC (AM)</a> <a href="/wiki/Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Radio">Public Radio</a> based in Cathedral City. </p><p>Alpha Media Palm Springs is the largest radio group in the Coachella Valley with 8 local radio stations. </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theeagle1069.com">The Eagle 106.9 FM (KDGL) Classic Hits</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.MIX1005.com">MIX 100.5 FM (KPSI) The Desert's Best Mix - #2 station in the Coachella Valley, total audience</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.927kkuu.com">U92.7 FM (KKUU) Rhythmic Contemporary Hits Radio- #1 station in the Coachella Valley, total audience</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knewsradio.com">K-NEWS News Talk (KNWZ) The Voice of the Valley! 94.3 FM & 104.7 FM, 970 AM East Valley, 1140 AM West Valley, 1250 AM & 103.7FM Desert Cities</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.937KCLB.com">KCLB Rock 93.7 FM, The heritage Rock Station</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.985TheBull.com">The Bull 98.5 FM Country (KDES), The Valley's New Country Music station</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1073modfm.com">MOD 107.3 FM (KDES-HD2) Old Standards</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1039ESPN.com">ESPN SPORTS Talk 103.9 FM (KKUU-HD2)</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=WestMark_Media_LLC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WestMark Media LLC (page does not exist)">WestMark Media LLC</a> owns KPSF, 1200 AM and 100.9 FM. The only oldies station called Studio 100.9. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KPSF" title="KPSF">Studio 100.9</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kpsfradio.com">Studio 100.9 Home Page</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Coachella Valley is served by the following utilities: </p><p><b>Electricity</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_California_Edison" title="Southern California Edison">Southern California Edison</a> <i>(serves Palm Desert, Palm Springs, Rancho Mirage, Desert Hot Springs, and Cathedral City)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Irrigation_District" title="Imperial Irrigation District">Imperial Irrigation District</a> <i>(serves La Quinta, Indio, Thousand Palms, Indian Wells, and Coachella)</i></li></ul> <p><b>Natural gas</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_California_Gas_Company" title="Southern California Gas Company">Southern California Gas Company</a></li></ul> <p><b>Cable Television</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charter_Communications" title="Charter Communications">Spectrum Cable</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aviation in the area is served by the <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs_International_Airport" title="Palm Springs International Airport">Palm Springs International Airport</a> in Palm Springs, <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Cochran_Regional_Airport" title="Jacqueline Cochran Regional Airport">Jacqueline Cochran Regional Airport</a> in Thermal and <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Dunes_Airport" title="Bermuda Dunes Airport">Bermuda Dunes Municipal Airport</a> in Bermuda Dunes. <a href="/wiki/Interstate_10_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 10 (California)">Interstate 10</a> runs along the northeastern rim of the valley while <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_111" title="California State Route 111">State Route 111</a> runs for about 30 miles along the southwestern rim of the valley and serves as the main arterial highway between almost all Coachella Valley cities. A four-lane expressway now known as <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_86" title="California State Route 86">State Highway 86</a> opened in the early 1990s as a "special" bypass (hence, it was known as <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_86S" class="mw-redirect" title="California State Route 86S">State Highway 86S</a> until the "S" suffix was dropped) of the former two-lane portion of <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_86" title="California State Route 86">Highway 86</a>. Historic signs designating the original route of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_99" title="U.S. Route 99">U.S. Route 99</a> through the area may be found along present-day Indio Boulevard through Indio and Harrison Street through Coachella. </p><p>Public transportation in the valley is provided by the <a href="/wiki/SunLine_Transit_Agency" title="SunLine Transit Agency">SunLine Transit Agency</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based in Thousand Palms, which was among the country's first transit agencies to totally convert to <a href="/wiki/Alternate_fuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternate fuel">alternate fuel</a> vehicles, including full-sized buses powered by <a href="/wiki/Fuel_cell" title="Fuel cell">fuel cells</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm Springs Airport">Palm Springs Airport</a> provides service to many North American destinations. <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> trains serve <a href="/wiki/North_Palm_Springs" class="mw-redirect" title="North Palm Springs">North Palm Springs</a> and its coaches provide a connection to <a href="/wiki/Metrolink_(California)" title="Metrolink (California)">Metrolink</a> Los Angeles regional commuter rail at <a href="/wiki/Moreno_Valley_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Moreno Valley station">Moreno Valley station</a>. <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Lines" title="Greyhound Lines">Greyhound</a> buses link the Valley with the Los Angeles metropolitan area, <a href="/wiki/Calexico,_California" title="Calexico, California">Calexico</a> on the Mexican border, and points east. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Palm_Springs,_California" title="List of people from Palm Springs, California">List of people from Palm Springs, California</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs_Walk_of_Stars" title="Palm Springs Walk of Stars">Palm Springs Walk of Stars</a></div> <p>The area has been a magnet for <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_(film_industry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood (film industry)">Hollywood</a> stars since the 1930s when <a href="/wiki/Charles_Farrell" title="Charles Farrell">Charles Farrell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bellamy" title="Ralph Bellamy">Ralph Bellamy</a> founded the <a href="/wiki/Racquet_Club_of_Palm_Springs" title="Racquet Club of Palm Springs">Racquet Club of Palm Springs</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a> would later found the Blue Skies Trailer Park in Rancho Mirage, unique for its expensive trailer homes each with its own individual theme. In the mid-century celebrities known to stop by Palm Springs included <a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Bogart" title="Humphrey Bogart">Humphrey Bogart</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Barrymore" title="John Barrymore">John Barrymore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks_Jr." title="Douglas Fairbanks Jr.">Douglas Fairbanks Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford">Mary Pickford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ginger_Rogers" title="Ginger Rogers">Ginger Rogers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Benny" title="Jack Benny">Jack Benny</a>, who did numerous broadcasts of his radio show from Palm Springs. </p><p>Farrell, after whom a street in Palm Springs is named, would later be elected mayor. Farrell Drive is built on the path of the <a href="/wiki/Palmdale_Railroad" title="Palmdale Railroad">Palmdale Railroad</a>, a narrow-gauge horse-drawn railroad right-of-way originally built to serve the proposed town of Palmdale. The town was never built and the railroad was abandoned after a few years of operation. The ties were used to build one of the area's earliest residences and the <a href="/wiki/Cornelia_White_House" title="Cornelia White House">Cornelia White House</a> still stands today in downtown Palm Springs. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> recipient Captain <a href="/wiki/William_McGonagle" title="William McGonagle">William McGonagle</a> was a graduate of Coachella High School and made the valley his home after his retirement. <a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Paige" title="Mitchell Paige">Mitchell Paige</a> was another Medal of Honor veteran who lived in Palm Desert and has a middle school in La Quinta named after him. <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Cochran" title="Jacqueline Cochran">Jacqueline Cochran</a>, founder and director of the Women Airforce Service Pilots lived her last years in Indio. In 2005, Microsoft CEO <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> reportedly bought and owns a home in The Vintage Club Country Club in Indian Wells. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a> honeymooned in Palm Springs in 1967 and was a frequent visitor as well since he owned a home here from 1970 until his death in 1977. <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dinah_Shore" title="Dinah Shore">Dinah Shore</a> were residents of the valley and were instrumental in the creation of three major golf tournaments, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Sinatra_Celebrity_Golf_Tournament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Sinatra Celebrity Golf Tournament (page does not exist)">Frank Sinatra Celebrity Golf Tournament</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope_Chrysler_Classic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Hope Chrysler Classic">Bob Hope Chrysler Classic</a> (now hosted by comedian and golf aficionado <a href="/wiki/George_Lopez" title="George Lopez">George Lopez</a>) and the LPGA Tour's <a href="/wiki/Nabisco_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabisco Championship">Nabisco Championship</a>. All three have streets named in their honor as does President <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>, a longtime Rancho Mirage resident and benefactor of the <a href="/wiki/Substance_abuse" title="Substance abuse">substance abuse</a> center that bears his wife's name, the <a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford_Center" title="Betty Ford Center">Betty Ford Center</a> on the campus of the <a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Medical_Center" title="Eisenhower Medical Center">Eisenhower Medical Center</a>, named for general, U.S. president and part-time resident <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwight Eisenhower">Dwight Eisenhower</a>. The medical center expanded in size by the new <a href="/wiki/Walter_Annenberg" title="Walter Annenberg">Walter Annenberg</a> building named for the valley resident, billionaire, friend of celebrities and philanthropist.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Sinatra and his friends, including <a href="/wiki/Dean_Martin" title="Dean Martin">Dean Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perry_Como" title="Perry Como">Perry Como</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Bennett" title="Tony Bennett">Tony Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Davis_Jr." title="Sammy Davis Jr.">Sammy Davis Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Clooney" title="Rosemary Clooney">Rosemary Clooney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Connie_Francis" title="Connie Francis">Connie Francis</a> were frequent visitors in the close-knit celebrity community of the Coachella Valley in the 1950s and 1960s. </p><p>The main road into <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs_International_Airport" title="Palm Springs International Airport">Palm Springs International Airport</a>, named simply "Airport Road", was renamed <a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas Way</a> on October 17, 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Douglas, a major area benefactor, lived in the valley for more than fifty years and is credited with spearheading the drive to modernize the area over those five decades. His son, actor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Douglas" title="Michael Douglas">Michael Douglas</a>, is said to own a residence in Palm Springs with his wife, actress <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Zeta-Jones" title="Catherine Zeta-Jones">Catherine Zeta-Jones</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Desi_Arnaz" title="Desi Arnaz">Desi Arnaz</a> were instrumental in forming the exclusive Thunderbird Heights tract in Rancho Mirage, once the home of President Gerald Ford and his wife Betty. According to <i>Palm Springs Life</i> magazine, that same tract inspired the name in late 1954 for the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird">Ford Thunderbird</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The magazine incorrectly cites that a favorite vacation spot for <a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="General Motors Corporation">General Motors</a> executives, Palm Desert's Eldorado Country Club, inspired the name for <a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Eldorado" title="Cadillac Eldorado">Cadillac's</a> top model the year before — though Cadillac had chosen the name five years before the club's founding in an internal competition.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Local automotive history indicates that designer <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Loewy" title="Raymond Loewy">Raymond Loewy</a> penned the <a href="/wiki/Studebaker_Avanti" title="Studebaker Avanti">Studebaker Avanti</a> in his Palm Springs home.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Especially since the 1950s, Palm Springs and nearby golf clubs are hailed as the "playground of celebrities". However it is said that celebrities travel or reside in the Palm Springs area in lesser numbers as compared to yesteryear, but the area's "star power" made a comeback in the 2000s. </p><p>Ball and Arnaz helped finance construction of the Indian Wells Country Club. Founded in 1956 with their winter residence on <i>DesiLu Court</i>, Indian Wells became a major factor in "down valley" growth in the 1970s and 1980s. A mostly gated community, Indian Wells has one of the highest <i>per capita</i> income of any small town in the United States, while nearby Coachella, a short distance southeast on <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_111" title="California State Route 111">State Route 111</a> is the third poorest city of the 10,000–50,000 population range in the nation, though that is rapidly changing as the area develops. A memorial to Eisenhower can be found on the front lawn of Indian Wells City Hall, also features the local veterans memorial plaque to represent the community's 800 veterans, a high number of war veterans per ratio of its predominantly senior citizen population. Coachella has the Vietnam War veterans' memorial to represent their community's high representation of armed forces volunteers, a large percentage had Spanish surnames since the city's population are over 90 percent Latino. </p><p>Many other celebrities, past and present, have called the area home such as actor <a href="/wiki/Paul_Burke_(actor)" title="Paul Burke (actor)">Paul Burke</a>. Among those who grew up in the area: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Marcil" title="Vanessa Marcil">Vanessa Marcil</a> is a La Quinta native and attended <a href="/wiki/Indio_High_School" title="Indio High School">Indio High School</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Somers" title="Suzanne Somers">Suzanne Somers</a> spent a part of her childhood in Cathedral City and attended <a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs_High_School" title="Palm Springs High School">Palm Springs High School</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Steinberg" title="Billy Steinberg">Billy Steinberg</a> grew up in Palm Springs and worked at the Dave Freedman Grape Farm in Thermal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alison_Lohman" title="Alison Lohman">Alison Lohman</a> is a native of Palm Springs and grew up in Palm Desert.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyler_Hilton" title="Tyler Hilton">Tyler Hilton</a> is also a native of Palm Springs and graduated from La Quinta High School. Hilton performed a concert in the school theatre in 2006.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Crowe" title="Cameron Crowe">Cameron Crowe</a> grew up in a rural home near Indio.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_Newey" title="Rich Newey">Rich Newey</a> grew up in Bermuda Dunes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_O%27Day" title="Alan O'Day">Alan O'Day</a> grew up in Coachella.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubrey_O%27Day" title="Aubrey O'Day">Aubrey O'Day</a> was a 2001 graduate of <a href="/wiki/La_Quinta_High_School_(La_Quinta,_California)" title="La Quinta High School (La Quinta, California)">La Quinta High School</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Homme" title="Josh Homme">Josh Homme</a> attended <a href="/wiki/Palm_Desert_High_School" title="Palm Desert High School">Palm Desert High School</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Reagins" title="Tony Reagins">Tony Reagins</a>, General Manager of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Angels_of_Anaheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim">Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim</a>, is an Indio native and attended Indio High school.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_White_(American_football)" title="Ed White (American football)">Edward White</a>, football player of the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Chargers" title="San Diego Chargers">San Diego Chargers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Vikings" title="Minnesota Vikings">Minnesota Vikings</a> is an Indio native and attended Indio High school.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenna_Ortega" title="Jenna Ortega">Jenna Ortega</a> is a native of Indio.</li></ul> <p>U.S. President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> was a frequent guest of Frank Sinatra, and a plaque in one of the pews of Sacred Heart Catholic Church in Palm Desert marks the spot where Kennedy would usually sit during Mass. </p><p>That same area in Palm Desert once served as a training ground for General <a href="/wiki/George_Patton" class="mw-redirect" title="George Patton">George Patton's</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Central" title="United States Army Central">Third Army</a> troops and tank battalions; today, the site is home to the El Paseo shopping district. Patton also trained in a huge plot of desert stretching from <a href="/wiki/Chiriaco_Summit,_California" title="Chiriaco Summit, California">Chiriaco Summit</a> just off the eastern end of the valley northward almost to <a href="/wiki/Amboy,_California" title="Amboy, California">Amboy</a> along <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_66_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 66 (California)">U.S. Route 66</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a>. Tank tracks from those maneuvers are still visible today in the open desert and a museum dedicated to Patton is located in Chiriaco Summit. Patton was also a frequent guest at the Whittier Ranch House in Indio, a grand adobe structure which had faced the possibility of demolition as the ranch lands surrounding it were being developed. A grass roots organization had petitioned the city to preserve the structure for use as a <a href="/wiki/Veterans_of_Foreign_Wars" title="Veterans of Foreign Wars">VFW</a> post; it has instead been restored and retained as the clubhouse for the new Whittier Ranch housing development. It is also now a California state historic site.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Bono" title="Sonny Bono">Sonny Bono</a> ran a restaurant in downtown Palm Springs. Frustrated by the lack of cooperation he faced from the city council over a new sign for the restaurant, the entertainer took matters into his own hands and ran for mayor. He retained local conservative talk radio host <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marshall_Gilbert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marshall Gilbert (page does not exist)">Marshall Gilbert</a> (heard regularly on <a href="/wiki/KNWQ" title="KNWQ">KNWQ</a>) as his campaign manager in a successful bid that not only put Bono back in the public eye, but fueled his later campaign for a seat on the United States Congress, a position he held until his death in a skiing accident in 1998. His widow, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Bono" title="Mary Bono">Mary</a> (now Mary Bono Mack), filled the vacancy left by her husband and later campaigned successfully on her own. She was defeated by Democrat Raul Ruiz in the 2012 election, and moved to Florida. Both Sonny Bono and Frank Sinatra are buried at <a href="/wiki/Desert_Memorial_Park" title="Desert Memorial Park">Desert Memorial Park</a> in Cathedral City. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/La_Quinta_Resort_and_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="La Quinta Resort and Club">La Quinta Resort and Club</a>, a series of bungalows built in 1926 in what was then known as Marshall's Cove is the oldest resort in the valley. <a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a> wrote the script for <a href="/wiki/1937_in_film" title="1937 in film">1937</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Lost_Horizon_(1937)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost Horizon (1937)">Lost Horizon</a></i> poolside there, in the La Quinta Cove where the resort is located. Capra died in La Quinta and is buried in the nearby <a href="/wiki/Coachella_Valley_Public_Cemetery" title="Coachella Valley Public Cemetery">Coachella Valley Public Cemetery</a>. </p><p>So fond was <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> of his property at the Smoke Tree Ranch in Palm Springs that he often wore a tie tac which was in the shape of the Smoke Tree Ranch logo. Disney reluctantly sold the property to help finance the construction of <a href="/wiki/Disneyland" title="Disneyland">Disneyland</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Partners_(statue)" title="Partners (statue)">Partners</a></i>, bronze sculptures of Disney standing next to <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Mouse" title="Mickey Mouse">Mickey Mouse</a> in each of the Disney theme parks clearly show the brand on Disney's tie tac. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> formerly owned a restaurant called the Hog's Breath Inn in Old Town La Quinta. The restaurant is currently owned by the Kaiser Restaurant Group, but maintains the Clint Eastwood inspired motif.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>TV producer and media mogul <a href="/wiki/Merv_Griffin" title="Merv Griffin">Merv Griffin</a> owned a home and ranch which is now part of the PGA West community. It was known as the "Griffin Ranch", but the land was sold and became an equestrian ranch housing tract and was annexed by the city of La Quinta.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Coachella_Valley" title="Special:EditPage/Coachella Valley">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Coachella+Valley%22">"Coachella Valley"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Coachella+Valley%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Coachella+Valley%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Coachella+Valley%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Coachella+Valley%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Coachella+Valley%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Noteworthy and memorable references in popular culture include the animated <a href="/wiki/Looney_Tunes" title="Looney Tunes">Looney Tunes</a> short <i><a href="/wiki/Bully_for_Bugs" title="Bully for Bugs">Bully for Bugs</a></i> in which <a href="/wiki/Bugs_Bunny" title="Bugs Bunny">Bugs Bunny</a> requests directions to the Coachella Valley "and the big carrot festival therein." An annual carrot festival is in fact held just outside the area in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_County,_California" title="Imperial County, California">Imperial County</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Holtville,_California" title="Holtville, California">Holtville</a>, approximately 70 miles to the southeast. </p><p>The generation-defining novel <i><a href="/wiki/Generation_X:_Tales_for_an_Accelerated_Culture" title="Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture">Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture</a></i>, by Canadian novelist <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Coupland" title="Douglas Coupland">Douglas Coupland</a>, describes the angst of those born between roughly 1960 and 1965 (<a href="/wiki/Generation_X-ers" class="mw-redirect" title="Generation X-ers">Generation X-ers</a> refers to those born from 1960 to 1982) and is set in the Palm Springs of the late 1980s. </p><p>A second classic 1980s novel, <a href="/wiki/Less_than_Zero_(novel)" title="Less than Zero (novel)"><i>Less than Zero</i></a>, a tale of disaffected, rich teenagers of Los Angeles, has its climactic scenes of excess and despair set in Palm Springs. The film <a href="/wiki/Less_than_Zero_(film)" title="Less than Zero (film)"><i>Less than Zero</i></a> was made in 1987, directed by <a href="/wiki/Marek_Kanievska" title="Marek Kanievska">Marek Kanievska</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Andrew_McCarthy" title="Andrew McCarthy">Andrew McCarthy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Downey_Jr." title="Robert Downey Jr.">Robert Downey Jr.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jami_Gertz" title="Jami Gertz">Jami Gertz</a>. </p><p>Parts of '<a href="/wiki/Highway_Dragnet" title="Highway Dragnet">Highway Dragnet</a>, 1954, were filmed in the Valley. </p><p>Another famous movie filmed in the Coachella Valley (as well as <a href="/wiki/Yucca_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Yucca Valley">Yucca Valley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Twentynine_Palms" class="mw-redirect" title="Twentynine Palms">Twentynine Palms</a>, to the north) is <i><a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Mad,_Mad,_Mad,_Mad_World" title="It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World">It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World</a></i>. It even includes the former Desert Air airport, now the site of the Rancho Las Palmas Resort and Spa in Rancho Mirage. The airfield escape scene in <i><a href="/wiki/A_Night_in_Casablanca" title="A Night in Casablanca">A Night in Casablanca</a></i> was filmed at present-day Palm Springs International Airport; Mount San Jacinto is clearly seen in the background. </p><p>Most of Robert Altman's 1977 avant-garde drama <i><a href="/wiki/3_Women" title="3 Women">3 Women</a></i> was shot in the geographical region surrounding Coachella Valley. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tex_Avery" title="Tex Avery">Tex Avery</a> made a brief reference to Palm Springs via a <a href="/wiki/Visual_gag" title="Visual gag">sight gag</a> in his 1948 animated short for <a href="/wiki/MGM" class="mw-redirect" title="MGM">MGM</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cat_That_Hated_People" title="The Cat That Hated People">The Cat That Hated People</a></i>. In the showroom of the "Moonbeam Rocket Company", a tiny <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">rocket ship</a> with a sign showing its intended destination of Palm Springs is shown among a series of large rockets also displaying signs indicating not terrestrial but rather their galactic destinations. </p><p>The early 1960s would see the movie <i><a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs_Weekend" title="Palm Springs Weekend">Palm Springs Weekend</a></i> filmed on location. A humorous situation involving four drunk LAPD policemen in a rented aircraft attempting to reclaim a Palm Springs golf course in the name of the local Indian tribes can be found in the 1975 novel, <a href="/wiki/The_Choirboys_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Choirboys (book)"><i>The Choirboys</i></a>. </p><p>An episode of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rocky_and_Bullwinkle_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show">The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show</a></i> titled "The Ruby Yacht of <a href="/wiki/Omar_Khayyam" title="Omar Khayyam">Omar Khayyam</a>" announces the upcoming second installment of the episode as "Rimsky & Korsakov Go to Palm Springs, or Song of Indio". </p><p>In the 1984 music video by <a href="/wiki/Tears_for_Fears" title="Tears for Fears">Tears for Fears</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Everybody_Wants_to_Rule_the_World" title="Everybody Wants to Rule the World">Everybody Wants to Rule the World</a></i> was shot on location in the Coachella Valley. The rock video features scenes of a few local landmarks: the dinosaur structures near Cabazon, the windmill farms, scenery along Interstate 10 and state route 111, a scene of two dancers appear in a gas station on state route 86, and the shores of the Salton Sea. </p><p>In 1988, "The Race" by Swiss dance band <a href="/wiki/Yello" title="Yello">Yello</a> featured a fictitious sportscaster talking about the "thirty-first annual formula race" in Palm Springs. While Palm Springs did briefly host an annual <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_motor_racing" title="Grand Prix motor racing">Grand Prix</a>, it ran for considerably fewer than thirty-one years. </p><p>In the 1990s two television series shows <i><a href="/wiki/P.S._I_Luv_U" title="P.S. I Luv U">P.S. I Luv U</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Phenom_(TV_series)" title="Phenom (TV series)"><i>Phenom</i></a>, the characters and plots were set in Palm Springs. </p><p>In 2006, <a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a> television network had a teen drama series <i><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Palms" title="Hidden Palms">Hidden Palms</a></i> is set in a gated desert community near Palm Springs, although there is a real <i>Hidden Palms</i> in Palm Desert. By irony, the real gated community is adjacent to Palm Desert High school. </p><p>In local <a href="/wiki/Tyler_Hilton" title="Tyler Hilton">Tyler Hilton</a>'s song "When It Comes", he references Palm Desert's strip of high-class fashion and dining singing, "When I'm cruising El Paseo / In my off-white coup back '65." </p><p>A majority of the 2007 film <i><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Dog" title="Alpha Dog">Alpha Dog</a></i> was shot in Palm Springs. </p><p>The helicopter scene in <i><a href="/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_III" title="Mission: Impossible III">Mission: Impossible III</a></i> was filmed in the windfarm outside of Palm Springs. </p><p>The city was mentioned on an episode of <a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central" title="Comedy Central">Comedy Central</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Reno_911!" title="Reno 911!">Reno 911!</a></i> by sergeant/lieutenant Jim (Doug) Dangle, an openly gay character of the show. He would hang out in Palm Springs, as well in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Hollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="West Hollywood">West Hollywood</a>, but he eventually chose <a href="/wiki/Reno,_Nevada" title="Reno, Nevada">Reno</a> as his hometown.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an episode of the animated comedy <i><a href="/wiki/Family_Guy" title="Family Guy">Family Guy</a></i> <i>On the Road to Rhode Island</i>, baby Stewie and his friend, Brian (a talking dog) figured a way to return home from vacation in Lois' parents home in Palm Springs. </p><p>On <i><a href="/wiki/American_Dad!" title="American Dad!">American Dad!</a></i> Season 2, Episode 4 – <i>Lincoln Lover</i>, Stan Smith said to a speech in the <a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Convention" title="Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention</a> when representatives of the Gay Log Cabin Republicans were present: "Invite half of Palm Springs...oh, invite everyone in Palm Springs..." based on a belief based on a survey by a demographic think tank on about Half of the city's population are <a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">Gay</a> or <a href="/wiki/GLBT" class="mw-redirect" title="GLBT">GLBT</a> people. </p><p>In the game <i><a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto_V" title="Grand Theft Auto V">Grand Theft Auto V</a></i>, the Coachella Valley area is represented as Sandy Shores in the Grand Theft Auto franchise, and therefore some characteristics of Coachella Valley is mirrored in the Sandy Shores area in the game. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://languagehat.com/archives/001249.php"><i>California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names</i></a>. 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(April 24, 2018) [2017]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gYVXDwAAQBAJ"><i>From the Inside Out</i></a>. Meadville, Pennsylvania: Fulton Books, Inc. (published 2018). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781633383173" title="Special:BookSources/9781633383173"><bdi>9781633383173</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2022</span>. <q>[...] in the Coachella Valley (Greater Palm Springs) (Palm Springs Area) [...].</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Inside+Out&rft.place=Meadville%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Fulton+Books%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2018-04-24&rft.isbn=9781633383173&rft.aulast=Nobody&rft.aufirst=I.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgYVXDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoachella+Valley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120701201547/http://rc-hr.com/DesertJobs/tabid/1473/Default.aspx">"Desert Jobs"</a>. Riverside County HR Dept. March 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rc-hr.com/DesertJobs/tabid/1473/Default.aspx">the original</a> on July 1, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2013</span>. <q>If you have visited Palm Springs and the Desert Communities as one of the 3.5 million annual conventioneers and tourists, you may have some idea of what the area holds for the permanent resident [...].</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Desert+Jobs&rft.pub=Riverside+County+HR+Dept.&rft.date=2013-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rc-hr.com%2FDesertJobs%2Ftabid%2F1473%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoachella+Valley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan2008" class="citation book cs1">Buchanan, Joe (September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4O9kLKp2m08C"><i>Linz Interlude</i></a>. San Diego: Bookwarren Publishing (published 2008). p. 381. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780945949381" title="Special:BookSources/9780945949381"><bdi>9780945949381</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2022</span>. <q>Buckmann was not inclined to be impressed by the wonders of Southern California's vast desert empire and it's [sic] glossy capital – Palm Springs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Linz+Interlude&rft.place=San+Diego&rft.pages=381&rft.pub=Bookwarren+Publishing&rft.date=2008-09&rft.isbn=9780945949381&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4O9kLKp2m08C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoachella+Valley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nordland, Ole J. (May 1968) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvwd.org/news/publication_docs/coachella_valleys_golden_years.pdf">"Coachella Valley's Golden Years"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150201065734/http://www.cvwd.org/news/publication_docs/coachella_valleys_golden_years.pdf">Archived</a> February 1, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Coachella Valley County Water District</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeff2003" class="citation web cs1">Leff, Lisa (January 7, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-jan-07-me-wheel7-story.html">"Roadside Recognition Edging Steadily Upward"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230112062657/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-jan-07-me-wheel7-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thesunrunner.com&rft.atitle=The+Sun+Runner+-+The+Journal+of+the+Real+Desert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesunrunner.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoachella+Valley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvindependent.com/">"Coachella Valley Independent: Independent news, music, arts, opinion, commentary and culture for Palm Springs and the entire Coachella Valley"</a>. <i>Cvindependent.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170613221214/http://cvindependent.com/">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cvindependent.com&rft.atitle=Coachella+Valley+Independent%3A+Independent+news%2C+music%2C+arts%2C+opinion%2C+commentary+and+culture+for+Palm+Springs+and+the+entire+Coachella+Valley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cvindependent.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoachella+Valley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://issuu.com/cvindependent/docs/cvindependentspring2013">"Coachella Valley Independent Spring 2013"</a>. March 28, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203025747/http://issuu.com/cvindependent/docs/cvindependentspring2013">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coachella+Valley+Independent+Spring+2013&rft.date=2013-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fcvindependent%2Fdocs%2Fcvindependentspring2013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoachella+Valley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecoachellavalleyartscene.com/">"Our Organization - The Coachella Valley Art Scene - Cultivating a Creative Community"</a>. <i>Thecoachellavalleyartscene.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525053046/http://thecoachellavalleyartscene.com/">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thecoachellavalleyartscene.com&rft.atitle=Our+Organization+-+The+Coachella+Valley+Art+Scene+-+Cultivating+a+Creative+Community&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecoachellavalleyartscene.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoachella+Valley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stationindex.com/tv/markets/Palm+Springs">"Palm Springs Television Stations – Station Index"</a>. <i>Stationindex.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120831053041/http://www.stationindex.com/tv/markets/Palm+Springs">Archived</a> from the original on August 31, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stationindex.com&rft.atitle=Palm+Springs+Television+Stations+%E2%80%93+Station+Index&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stationindex.com%2Ftv%2Fmarkets%2FPalm%2BSprings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoachella+Valley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kesq.com/">"Home – KESQ"</a>. <i>KESQ</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170506051023/http://www.kesq.com/">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KESQ&rft.atitle=Home+%E2%80%93+KESQ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kesq.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoachella+Valley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebig106.com/">"The Big 106"</a>. <i>Thebig106.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525053041/http://thebig106.com/">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thebig106.com&rft.atitle=The+Big+106&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebig106.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoachella+Valley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141220104334/http://www.kjjz.com/">"Smooth jazz radio station KJJZ-FM Indio"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kjjz.com">the original</a> on December 20, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smooth+jazz+radio+station+KJJZ-FM+Indio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kjjz.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoachella+Valley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525053353/http://959jackfm.com/">"Best hamster cages – Hamster housing and much more"</a>. <i>959jackfm.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.959jackfm.com">the original</a> on May 25, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=959jackfm.com&rft.atitle=Best+hamster+cages+%E2%80%93+Hamster+housing+and+much+more&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.959jackfm.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoachella+Valley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kwxy.com/">"AM 1340 KWXY - Relaxing Music"</a>. <i>Kwxy.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170523005355/http://kwxy.com/">Archived</a> from the original on May 23, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kwxy.com&rft.atitle=AM+1340+KWXY+-+Relaxing+Music&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kwxy.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoachella+Valley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sunny1031fm.radio.com/">"We Are Channel Q | Nationally Syndicated Gay Radio Station"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042007/http://sunny1031fm.radio.com/">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=We+Are+Channel+Q+%7C+Nationally+Syndicated+Gay+Radio+Station&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsunny1031fm.radio.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoachella+Valley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunline.org/">"Sunline Transit Agency"</a>. <i>Sunline.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050206035713/http://www.sunline.org/">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sunline.org&rft.atitle=Sunline+Transit+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunline.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoachella+Valley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deseret.com/2004/10/19/19856567/palm-springs-names-stretch-for-kirk-douglas">"Palm Springs names stretch for Kirk Douglas"</a>. <i>Deseret News</i>. October 19, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815173311/https://www.deseret.com/2004/10/19/19856567/palm-springs-names-stretch-for-kirk-douglas">Archived</a> from the original on August 15, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=Palm+Springs+names+stretch+for+Kirk+Douglas&rft.date=2004-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseret.com%2F2004%2F10%2F19%2F19856567%2Fpalm-springs-names-stretch-for-kirk-douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoachella+Valley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110819002038/http://www.restaurantsofpalmsprings.com/hogs.php">"Kaiser Restaurant Group"</a>. Restaurantsofpalmsprings.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.restaurantsofpalmsprings.com/hogs.php">the original</a> on August 19, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kaiser+Restaurant+Group&rft.pub=Restaurantsofpalmsprings.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.restaurantsofpalmsprings.com%2Fhogs.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoachella+Valley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120509212201/http://www.comedycentral.com/shows/reno-911-">"RENO 911!"</a>. <i>Comedy Central</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comedycentral.com/shows/reno-911-">the original</a> on May 9, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Comedy+Central&rft.atitle=RENO+911%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comedycentral.com%2Fshows%2Freno-911-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoachella+Valley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShumwayWeight,_Harold_O._(introduction)1979" class="citation book cs1">Shumway, Nina Paul; Weight, Harold O. (introduction) (1979). <i>Your Desert and Mine</i>. Palm Springs, CA: ETC Publications. p. 336. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0882800721" title="Special:BookSources/978-0882800721"><bdi>978-0882800721</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/78032023">78032023</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Your+Desert+and+Mine&rft.place=Palm+Springs%2C+CA&rft.pages=336&rft.pub=ETC+Publications&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F78032023&rft.isbn=978-0882800721&rft.aulast=Shumway&rft.aufirst=Nina+Paul&rft.au=Weight%2C+Harold+O.+%28introduction%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoachella+Valley" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coachella_Valley&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvarch.org/">Coachella Valley Archaeological Society (CVAS)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051029111625/http://www.aguacaliente.org/">Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvep.com/">Coachella Valley Economic Partnership</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usbr.gov/lc/">United States Bureau of Reclamation: Lower Colorado Region</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180103051350/https://www.usbr.gov/lc/">Archived</a> January 3, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvmc.ca.gov/">The Coachella Valley Mountains Conservancy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palmsprings.com/">Palm Springs Visitor Information</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140804063723/http://www.ranchomirageca.gov/content_files/pdf/city_government/city_commissions/historic_preservation/historic_context.pdf">History of Rancho Mirage and the Coachella Valley</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo35462">Groundwater Quality in Coachella Vallely, California</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Inland_Empire" title="Template:Inland Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Inland_Empire" title="Template talk:Inland Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Inland_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Inland Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Inland_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Inland Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_County,_California" title="Riverside County, California">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_County,_California" title="San Bernardino County, California">San Bernardino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Principal cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino,_California" title="San Bernardino, California">San Bernardino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Cities and towns<br />100k+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corona,_California" title="Corona, California">Corona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana,_California" title="Fontana, California">Fontana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperia,_California" title="Hesperia, California">Hesperia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurupa_Valley,_California" title="Jurupa Valley, California">Jurupa Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menifee,_California" title="Menifee, California">Menifee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moreno_Valley,_California" title="Moreno Valley, California">Moreno Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murrieta,_California" title="Murrieta, California">Murrieta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario,_California" title="Ontario, California">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rancho_Cucamonga,_California" title="Rancho Cucamonga, California">Rancho Cucamonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rialto,_California" title="Rialto, California">Rialto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temecula,_California" title="Temecula, California">Temecula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorville,_California" title="Victorville, California">Victorville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Cities and towns<br />25k–100k</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelanto,_California" title="Adelanto, California">Adelanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Valley,_California" title="Apple Valley, California">Apple Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banning,_California" title="Banning, California">Banning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barstow,_California" title="Barstow, California">Barstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont,_California" title="Beaumont, California">Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_City,_California" title="Cathedral City, California">Cathedral City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chino,_California" title="Chino, California">Chino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chino_Hills,_California" title="Chino Hills, California">Chino Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coachella,_California" title="Coachella, California">Coachella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colton,_California" title="Colton, California">Colton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Hot_Springs,_California" title="Desert Hot Springs, California">Desert Hot Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastvale,_California" title="Eastvale, California">Eastvale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemet,_California" title="Hemet, California">Hemet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland,_California" title="Highland, California">Highland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indio,_California" title="Indio, California">Indio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Quinta,_California" title="La Quinta, California">La Quinta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Elsinore,_California" title="Lake Elsinore, California">Lake Elsinore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montclair,_California" title="Montclair, California">Montclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norco,_California" title="Norco, California">Norco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Desert,_California" title="Palm Desert, California">Palm Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs,_California" title="Palm Springs, California">Palm Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perris,_California" title="Perris, California">Perris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlands,_California" title="Redlands, California">Redlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto,_California" title="San Jacinto, California">San Jacinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentynine_Palms,_California" title="Twentynine Palms, California">Twentynine Palms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upland,_California" title="Upland, California">Upland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildomar,_California" title="Wildomar, California">Wildomar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucaipa,_California" title="Yucaipa, California">Yucaipa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Cities and towns<br />10k–25k</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bear_City,_California" title="Big Bear City, California">Big Bear City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_California" title="Bloomington, California">Bloomington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blythe,_California" title="Blythe, California">Blythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calimesa,_California" title="Calimesa, California">Calimesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon_Lake,_California" title="Canyon Lake, California">Canyon Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crestline,_California" title="Crestline, California">Crestline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Terrace,_California" title="Grand Terrace, California">Grand Terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Gardens,_California" title="Home Gardens, California">Home Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Arrowhead,_California" title="Lake Arrowhead, California">Lake Arrowhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_Linda,_California" title="Loma Linda, California">Loma Linda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mead_Valley,_California" title="Mead Valley, California">Mead Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscoy,_California" title="Muscoy, California">Muscoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rancho_Mirage,_California" title="Rancho Mirage, California">Rancho Mirage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valle_Vista,_California" title="Valle Vista, California">Valle Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodcrest,_California" title="Woodcrest, California">Woodcrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucca_Valley,_California" title="Yucca Valley, California">Yucca Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Cities and towns<br />under 10k</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bear_Lake,_California" title="Big Bear Lake, California">Big Bear Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabazon,_California" title="Cabazon, California">Cabazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Cerrito,_Riverside_County,_California" title="El Cerrito, Riverside County, California">El Cerrito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Glen,_San_Bernardino_County,_California" title="Oak Glen, San Bernardino County, California">Oak Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highgrove,_California" title="Highgrove, California">Highgrove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Wells,_California" title="Indian Wells, California">Indian Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Tree,_California" title="Joshua Tree, California">Joshua Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentone,_California" title="Mentone, California">Mentone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needles,_California" title="Needles, California">Needles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romoland,_California" title="Romoland, California">Romoland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_Heights,_California" title="San Antonio Heights, California">San Antonio Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrightwood,_California" title="Wrightwood, California">Wrightwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Coachella Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucamonga_Valley" title="Cucamonga Valley">Cucamonga Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsinore_Trough" title="Elsinore Trough">Elsinore Trough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Desert_(California)" title="High Desert (California)">High Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morongo_Basin" title="Morongo Basin">Morongo Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perris_Block#Perris_Plain" title="Perris Block">Perris Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plains_of_Leon" title="Plains of Leon">Plains of Leon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_Mountains" title="San Bernardino Mountains">San Bernardino Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_Valley" title="San Bernardino Valley">San Bernardino Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_Mountains" title="San Jacinto Mountains">San Jacinto Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_Valley" title="San Jacinto Valley">San Jacinto Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_Mountains" title="Santa Ana Mountains">Santa Ana Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temecula_Valley" title="Temecula Valley">Temecula Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temescal_Mountains" title="Temescal Mountains">Temescal Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Valley" title="Victor Valley">Victor Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_California" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#FCC200;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:California" title="Template:California"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:California" title="Template talk:California"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:California" title="Special:EditPage/Template:California"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_California" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#FCC200;"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_California" title="Outline of California">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_California" title="Culture of California">Culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_California" title="Cuisine of California">food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_California" title="Music of California">music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of California">languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_sound" title="California sound">California sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_California" title="Sports in California">sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Dream" title="California Dream">California Dream</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_California" title="Crime in California">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_California" title="Demographics of California">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_California" title="List of earthquakes in California">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_California" title="Economy of California">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_California" title="Agriculture in California">agriculture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_California" title="Education in California">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_California" title="Environment of California">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_California" title="Geography of California">Geography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_California" title="Climate of California">climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecology_of_California" title="Ecology of California">ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Floristic_Province" title="California Floristic Province">flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_California" title="Fauna of California">fauna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_California" title="Government of California">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_State_Capitol" title="California State Capitol">Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_in_California" title="Districts in California">districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_Legislature" title="California State Legislature">legislature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_California" title="Supreme Court of California">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_California" title="Healthcare in California">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_California" title="Abortion in California">Abortion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_California" title="History of California">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_California" title="Law of California">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in California">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_California" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in California">National Historic Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Natural_Landmarks_in_California" title="List of National Natural Landmarks in California">National Natural Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_California" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in California">NRHP listings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_California" title="Politics of California">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_California" title="United States congressional delegations from California">congressional delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_California" title="Elections in California">elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_California" title="List of people from California">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_protected_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="California protected areas">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_state_parks" title="List of California state parks">state parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_Historical_Landmarks" title="List of California Historical Landmarks">state historic landmarks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_state_symbols" title="List of California state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_California" title="Transportation in California">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_in_California" title="Water in California">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_California-related_articles" title="Index of California-related articles">Index of articles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_California" title="List of regions of California">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antelope_Valley" title="Antelope Valley">Antelope Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Sur" title="Big Sur">Big Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Coast_Ranges" title="California Coast Ranges">California Coast Ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Range" title="Cascade Range">Cascade Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_California" title="Central California">Central California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Coast_(California)" title="Central Coast (California)">Central Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Valley_(California)" title="Central Valley (California)">Central Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_(California)" title="Channel Islands (California)">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Coachella Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_California" title="Coastal California">Coastal California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley" title="Conejo Valley">Conejo Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucamonga_Valley" title="Cucamonga Valley">Cucamonga Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley" title="Death Valley">Death Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">East Bay (SF Bay Area)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_County,_San_Diego" title="East County, San Diego">East County (SD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_California" title="Eastern California">Eastern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Triangle" title="Emerald Triangle">Emerald Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Country" title="Gold Country">Gold Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Basin" title="Great Basin">Great Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_Valley" title="San Bernardino Valley">Greater San Bernardino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Inland Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klamath_Basin" title="Klamath Basin">Klamath Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tahoe" title="Lake Tahoe">Lake Tahoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Los Angeles Area">Greater Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Basin" title="Los Angeles Basin">Los Angeles Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Coast" title="Lost Coast">Lost Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Empire,_San_Diego" title="Mountain Empire, San Diego">Mountain Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" title="North Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">North Bay (SF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Coast_(California)" title="North Coast (California)">North Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_County_(San_Diego_area)" title="North County (San Diego area)">North County (SD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_California" title="Northern California">Northern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Coast" title="Orange Coast">Orange Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owens_Valley" title="Owens Valley">Owens Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxnard_Plain" title="Oxnard Plain">Oxnard Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Ranges" title="Peninsular Ranges">Peninsular Ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomona_Valley" title="Pomona Valley">Pomona Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento%E2%80%93San_Joaquin_River_Delta" title="Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta">Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_Valley" title="Sacramento Valley">Sacramento Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddleback_Valley" title="Saddleback Valley">Saddleback Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salinas_Valley" title="Salinas Valley">Salinas Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley" title="San Fernando Valley">San Fernando Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Peninsula" title="San Francisco Peninsula">San Francisco Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Valley" title="San Gabriel Valley">San Gabriel Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Valley" title="San Joaquin Valley">San Joaquin Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Valley" title="Santa Clara Valley">Santa Clara Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_River_Valley" title="Santa Clara River Valley">Santa Clara River Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clarita_Valley" title="Santa Clarita Valley">Santa Clarita Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ynez_Valley" title="Santa Ynez Valley">Santa Ynez Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_Cascade" title="Shasta Cascade">Shasta Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bay_(Los_Angeles_County)" title="South Bay (Los Angeles County)">South Bay (LA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bay,_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="South Bay, San Diego">South Bay (SD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Valley#San_Francisco_South_Bay" title="Santa Clara Valley">South Bay (SF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Coast_(California)" title="South Coast (California)">South Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Border_Region_(California)" title="Southern Border Region (California)">Southern Border Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_Ranges" title="Transverse Ranges">Transverse Ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-Valley" title="Tri-Valley">Tri-Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Valley" title="Victor Valley">Victor Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_Country_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine Country (California)">Wine Country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">Metro regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Fresno" title="Metropolitan Fresno">Fresno–Madera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_metropolitan_area" title="Sacramento metropolitan area">Sacramento–Roseville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" title="San Diego–Tijuana">San Diego–Tijuana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose%E2%80%93San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland,_CA_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area">San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alameda_County,_California" title="Alameda County, California">Alameda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_County,_California" title="Alpine County, California">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amador_County,_California" title="Amador County, California">Amador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butte_County,_California" title="Butte County, California">Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calaveras_County,_California" title="Calaveras County, California">Calaveras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colusa_County,_California" title="Colusa County, California">Colusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_County,_California" title="Contra Costa County, California">Contra Costa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Norte_County,_California" title="Del Norte County, California">Del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Dorado_County,_California" title="El Dorado County, California">El Dorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno_County,_California" title="Fresno County, California">Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_County,_California" title="Glenn County, California">Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_County,_California" title="Humboldt County, California">Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_County,_California" title="Imperial County, California">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inyo_County,_California" title="Inyo County, California">Inyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kern_County,_California" title="Kern County, California">Kern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_County,_California" title="Kings County, California">Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_California" title="Lake County, California">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lassen_County,_California" title="Lassen County, California">Lassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madera_County,_California" title="Madera County, California">Madera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariposa_County,_California" title="Mariposa County, California">Mariposa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendocino_County,_California" title="Mendocino County, California">Mendocino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merced_County,_California" title="Merced County, California">Merced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modoc_County,_California" title="Modoc County, California">Modoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono_County,_California" title="Mono County, California">Mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterey_County,_California" title="Monterey County, California">Monterey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napa_County,_California" title="Napa County, California">Napa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_County,_California" title="Nevada County, California">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placer_County,_California" title="Placer County, California">Placer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumas_County,_California" title="Plumas County, California">Plumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_County,_California" title="Riverside County, California">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_County,_California" title="Sacramento County, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Benito_County,_California" title="San Benito County, California">San Benito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_County,_California" title="San Bernardino County, California">San Bernardino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_County,_California" title="San Joaquin County, California">San Joaquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo_County,_California" title="San Luis Obispo County, California">San Luis Obispo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_County,_California" title="San Mateo County, California">San Mateo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_County,_California" title="Santa Barbara County, California">Santa Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_County,_California" title="Santa Cruz County, California">Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_County,_California" title="Shasta County, California">Shasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_County,_California" title="Sierra County, California">Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siskiyou_County,_California" title="Siskiyou County, California">Siskiyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solano_County,_California" title="Solano County, California">Solano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County,_California" title="Sonoma County, California">Sonoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislaus_County,_California" title="Stanislaus County, California">Stanislaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutter_County,_California" title="Sutter County, California">Sutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehama_County,_California" title="Tehama County, California">Tehama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_County,_California" title="Trinity County, California">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulare_County,_California" title="Tulare County, California">Tulare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuolumne_County,_California" title="Tuolumne County, California">Tuolumne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">Ventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolo_County,_California" title="Yolo County, California">Yolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuba_County,_California" title="Yuba County, California">Yuba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities and towns in California">Most populous<br />cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#FCC200;"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/16px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/24px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, 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