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mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Latin rootpage-Latin skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Hopp til innhold</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hovedmeny" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hovedmeny</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hovedmeny</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasjon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Forside" title="Gå til hovedsiden [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Forside</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Tilfeldig" title="Vis en tilfeldig side [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tilfeldig side</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Portal" title="Stedet for å få hjelp"><span>Hjelp</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Siste_endringer" title="Liste over siste endringer på wikien. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Siste endringer</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-prosjekt" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-prosjekt" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Prosjekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Prosjektportal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal"><span>Prosjektportal</span></a></li><li id="n-bidra" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bidra_til_Wikipedia"><span>Hvordan bidra?</span></a></li><li id="n-tinget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinget"><span>Tinget</span></a></li><li id="n-torget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Torget"><span>Torget</span></a></li><li id="n-konkurranser" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Konkurranser"><span>Konkurranser</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-kontakt" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakt Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-wmno" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.no" rel="nofollow" title="Medlemsorganisasjon for wikipedianere"><span>Wikimedia Norge</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Forside" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-no.svg" width="121" height="14" style="width: 7.5625em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:S%C3%B8k" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Søk</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Søk i Wikipedia" aria-label="Søk i Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesial:Søk"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Søk</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personlig"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Endre skriftstørrelse, bredde og farge på siden." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Latin" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Latin" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logg inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Flere alternativer" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlig" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlig</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukermeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb"><span>Doner</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Latin" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Latin" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lydsystem_og_uttale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lydsystem_og_uttale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lydsystem og uttale</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lydsystem_og_uttale-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Lydsystem og uttale</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lydsystem_og_uttale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uttalen_i_dag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uttalen_i_dag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Uttalen i dag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uttalen_i_dag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vokaler_i_dagligdags_uttale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vokaler_i_dagligdags_uttale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Vokaler i dagligdags uttale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vokaler_i_dagligdags_uttale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diftonger_i_dagligdags_uttale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diftonger_i_dagligdags_uttale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Diftonger i dagligdags uttale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diftonger_i_dagligdags_uttale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konsonanter_i_dagligdags_uttale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsonanter_i_dagligdags_uttale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Konsonanter i dagligdags uttale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsonanter_i_dagligdags_uttale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aksent_i_dagligdags_uttale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aksent_i_dagligdags_uttale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Aksent i dagligdags uttale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aksent_i_dagligdags_uttale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Phonetic_Alphabet_Konosonanter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Phonetic_Alphabet_Konosonanter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>International Phonetic Alphabet Konosonanter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Phonetic_Alphabet_Konosonanter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gammel/_Klassisk_uttale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gammel/_Klassisk_uttale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Gammel/ Klassisk uttale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gammel/_Klassisk_uttale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vokaler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vokaler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Vokaler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vokaler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diftonger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diftonger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Diftonger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diftonger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konsonanter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsonanter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Konsonanter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsonanter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aksent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aksent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Aksent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aksent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morfologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morfologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Morfologi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Morfologi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Morfologi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Morfologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nominalsystem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nominalsystem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Nominalsystem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nominalsystem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Første_deklinasjon_(vanligvis_hunkjønn)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Første_deklinasjon_(vanligvis_hunkjønn)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Første deklinasjon (vanligvis hunkjønn)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Første_deklinasjon_(vanligvis_hunkjønn)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andre_deklinasjon_(han-/intetkjønn)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andre_deklinasjon_(han-/intetkjønn)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Andre deklinasjon (han-/intetkjønn)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andre_deklinasjon_(han-/intetkjønn)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tredje_deklinasjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tredje_deklinasjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2.1</span> <span>Tredje deklinasjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tredje_deklinasjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbalsystem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbalsystem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Verbalsystem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbalsystem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syntaks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syntaks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Syntaks</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Syntaks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Syntaks</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Syntaks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kongruens_(samsvarsbøyning)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kongruens_(samsvarsbøyning)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Kongruens (samsvarsbøyning)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kongruens_(samsvarsbøyning)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kasuslære" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasuslære"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Kasuslære</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kasuslære-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nominativ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nominativ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Nominativ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nominativ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vokativ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vokativ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Vokativ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vokativ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Akkusativ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Akkusativ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Akkusativ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Akkusativ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genitiv" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genitiv"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.4</span> <span>Genitiv</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genitiv-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dativ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dativ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.5</span> <span>Dativ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dativ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ablativ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ablativ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.6</span> <span>Ablativ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ablativ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksempeltekst" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksempeltekst"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Eksempeltekst</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksempeltekst-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Eksterne lenker</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Generelle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Generelle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Generelle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Generelle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uttale,_mening_og_staving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uttale,_mening_og_staving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Uttale, mening og staving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uttale,_mening_og_staving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kurs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kurs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Kurs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kurs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ordbøker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ordbøker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Ordbøker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ordbøker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Latin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 242 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-242" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">242 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%ADnskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Latínskt mál – færøysk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Latínskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%ADna" title="Latína – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Latína" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Латиныбзэ – kabardisk" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Латиныбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Latyn" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateinische_Sprache" title="Lateinische Sprache – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Lateinische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%AE%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%B5%E1%8C%A5" title="ሮማይስጥ – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሮማይስጥ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="लैटिन भाषा – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="लैटिन भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A6den" title="Læden – gammelengelsk" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Læden" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="gammelengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%AD%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Алаҭын бызшәа – abkhasisk" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Алаҭын бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhasisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة اللاتينية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة اللاتينية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%ADn" title="Latín – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Latín" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%A0%DC%90%DC%9B%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܠܐܛܝܢܝܐ – arameisk" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܠܐܛܝܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Լատիներէն – vestarmensk" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Լատիներէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="vestarmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinica" title="Latinica – aromansk" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Latinica" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – arpitansk" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="arpitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="লেটিন ভাষা – assamesisk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লেটিন ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_llat%C3%ADn" title="Idioma llatín – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma llatín" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasio%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Lasioñe'ẽ – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Lasioñe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="Латин мацӀ – avarisk" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Латин мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C4%B1n_dili" title="Latın dili – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Latın dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="لاتین دیلی – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لاتین دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Latin" title="Basa Latin – balinesisk" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Latin" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="লাতিন ভাষা – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লাতিন ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lating-g%C3%AD" title="Lating-gí – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lating-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Латин теле – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Латин теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Лацінская мова – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лацінская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Лацінская мова – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лацінская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="लैटिन – bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लैटिन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Latin" title="Tataramon na Latin – sentralbikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Latin" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="sentralbikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Латински език – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Латински език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latein" title="Latein – bairisk" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Latein" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bairisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ལ་ཏིན་སྐད། – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལ་ཏིན་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Latinski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Лата хэлэн – burjatisk" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Лата хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llat%C3%AD" title="Llatí – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llatí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Латин чĕлхи – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Латин чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linatin" title="Linatin – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Linatin" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latina" title="Latina – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Latina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_Latin" title="Lengua Latin – chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Lengua Latin" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilatini" title="Chilatini – nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Chilatini" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiratini" title="Chiratini – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chiratini" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina – korsikansk" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua latina" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lladin" title="Lladin – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lladin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لاتينية – marokkansk-arabisk" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لاتينية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokkansk-arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1htengiella" title="Láhtengiella – nordsamisk" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Láhtengiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latein" title="Latein – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Latein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81aty%C5%84%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Łatyńšćina – lavsorbisk" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Łatyńšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lavsorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladina_keel" title="Ladina keel – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ladina keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Λατινική γλώσσα – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λατινική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%A8in" title="Latèin – emiliano-romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Latèin" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="emiliano-romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Латинэнь кель – erzia" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Латинэнь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%ADn" title="Latín – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Latín" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latina_lingvo" title="Latina lingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Latina lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_latina" title="Lengua latina – ekstremaduransk" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua latina" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="ekstremaduransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="لاتین – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لاتین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Latyn" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_latine" title="Lenghe latine – friuliansk" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe latine" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friuliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Laidin" title="An Laidin – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Laidin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladjyn" title="Ladjyn – mansk" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ladjyn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_dili" title="Latin dili – gagausisk" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Latin dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagausisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laideann" title="Laideann – skotsk-gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Laideann" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk-gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua latina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Латиний мотт – ingusjisk" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Латиний мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingusjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="拉丁語 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="拉丁語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌻𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 – gotisk" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌻𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2-t%C3%AAn-ng%C3%AE" title="Lâ-tên-ngî – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lâ-tên-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Латин келн – kalmukkisk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Латин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmukkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%ED%8B%B4%EC%96%B4" title="라틴어 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라틴어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harshen_Latin" title="Harshen Latin – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Harshen Latin" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Լատիներեն – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լատիներեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="लातिन भाषा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लातिन भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81a%C4%87on%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Łaćonšćina – høysorbisk" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Łaćonšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="høysorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Latinski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latina_linguo" title="Latina linguo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Latina linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Latin" title="Pagsasao a Latin – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Latin" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Latin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_latin" title="Lingua latin – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua latin" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Латинаг æвзаг – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Латинаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulwimi_lwesiLatini" title="Ulwimi lwesiLatini – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ulwimi lwesiLatini" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ILatin" title="ILatin – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ILatin" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua latina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="לטינית – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לטינית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Latin" title="Basa Latin – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Latin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C9%9B%C5%8B_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ – kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Latɛŋ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latiinerisut" title="Latiinerisut – grønlandsk" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Latiinerisut" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="grønlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Латин тил – karatsjajbalkarsk" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Латин тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatsjajbalkarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ლათინური ენა – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლათინური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%B2%D8%B7%D9%90%D9%86_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لٲطِن زَبان – kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="لٲطِن زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81acy%C5%84sczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Łacyńsczi jãzëk – kasjubisk" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Łacyńsczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasjubisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Латын тілі – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Латын тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – kornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikilatini" title="Ikilatini – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ikilatini" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilatini" title="Kilatini – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kilatini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Латин кыв – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Латин кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilatini" title="Kilatini – kikongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kilatini" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kikongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laten" title="Laten – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Laten" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laten" title="Laten – franskguyansk kreol" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Laten" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="franskguyansk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_lat%C3%AEn%C3%AE" title="Zimanê latînî – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê latînî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B9%D3%B9%D0%BB%D0%BC%D3%B9" title="Латин йӹлмӹ – vestmarisk" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Латин йӹлмӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="vestmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_latin" title="Lingaz latin – ladinsk" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz latin" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%ADn" title="Latín – jødespansk" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Latín" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="jødespansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%8F%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Латӏин маз – lakisk" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Латӏин маз" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="lakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%87" title="ພາສາລາແຕງ – laotisk" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາລາແຕງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Latina" title="Lingua Latina – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Latina" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C4%AB%C5%86u_valoda" title="Latīņu valoda – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Latīņu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%A4in" title="Latäin – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Latäin" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Латин чӀал – lesgisk" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Латин чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotyn%C5%B3_kalba" title="Lotynų kalba – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lotynų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9ngoa_lat%C3%ACnn-a" title="Léngoa latìnn-a – ligurisk" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Léngoa latìnn-a" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latien" title="Latien – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Latien" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latina" title="Latina – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Latina" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latina_(lingua)" title="Latina (lingua) – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Latina (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinan_kieli" title="Latinan kieli – livvisk" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Latinan kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="livvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_nyelv" title="Latin nyelv – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Latin nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Латински јазик – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Латински јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_latina" title="Fiteny latina – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny latina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ലാറ്റിൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലാറ്റിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_Latina" title="Lingwa Latina – maltesisk" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Latina" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_R%C4%81tini" title="Reo Rātini – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Rātini" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="लॅटिन भाषा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लॅटिन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ლათინური ნინა – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლათინური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%89" title="لاتينى – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لاتينى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="لاتین – mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لاتین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Latin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1-d%C4%ADng-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Lá-dĭng-ngṳ̄ – mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lá-dĭng-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lh%C3%A9ngua_lhatina" title="Lhéngua lhatina – mirandesisk" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Lhéngua lhatina" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Латинонь кяль – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Латинонь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Латин хэл – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Латин хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="လက်တင်ဘာသာစကား – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လက်တင်ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latijn" title="Latijn – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Latijn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latien" title="Latien – nedersaksisk" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Latien" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="nedersaksisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रोमन भाषा – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रोमन भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="ल्याटिन भाषा – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ल्याटिन भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="ラテン語 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラテン語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_latina" title="Lengua latina – napolitansk" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengua latina" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Латинан мотт – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Латинан мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latiinsk_spriak" title="Latiinsk spriak – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Latiinsk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leten" title="Leten – pitkairnsk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Leten" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="pitkairnsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%AEn" title="Latîn – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Latîn" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinum" title="Latinum – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Latinum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Латин йылме – østmarisk" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Латин йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="østmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8_%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE" title="ଲାଟିନ ଭାଷା – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଲାଟିନ ଭାଷା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotin_tili" title="Lotin tili – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lotin tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਲਾਤੀਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਾਤੀਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latein" title="Latein – palatintysk" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Latein" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="palatintysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salitan_Latino" title="Salitan Latino – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Salitan Latino" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="لاطینی – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لاطینی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="لاتيني ژبه – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لاتيني ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latn" title="Latn – jamaicansk kreolengelsk" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Latn" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaicansk kreolengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" title="ភាសាឡាតាំង – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាឡាតាំង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – pikardisk" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_latin-a" title="Lenga latin-a – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga latin-a" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Latin" title="Tok Latin – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tok Latin" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latiensche_Spraak" title="Latiensche Spraak – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Latiensche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81acina" title="Łacina – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Łacina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latim" title="Latim – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Latim" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C4%B1n_tili" title="Latın tili – karakalpakisk" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Latın tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_tili" title="Latin tili – krimtatarisk" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Latin tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimtatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latting" title="Latting – kølnsk" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Latting" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kølnsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_latin%C4%83" title="Limba latină – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba latină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – retoromansk" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="retoromansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_simi" title="Latin simi – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Latin simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Латиньскый язык – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Латиньскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Латинский язык – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Латинский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Латыын тыла – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Латыын тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="लातिनीभाषा – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लातिनीभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لاطینی زبان – saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="لاطینی زبان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_latina" title="Limba latina – sardisk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba latina" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laitin" title="Laitin – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Laitin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latiensk" title="Latiensk – saterfrisisk" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Latiensk" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_latine" title="Gjuha latine – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha latine" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua latina" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="ලතින් – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලතින්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="لاطيني – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لاطيني" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin%C4%8Dina" title="Latinčina – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Latinčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Latinščina – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Latinščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Латиньскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – kirkeslavisk" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Латиньскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="kirkeslavisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81a%C4%87ina" title="Łaćina – schlesisk" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Łaćina" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="schlesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af-Laatiin" title="Af-Laatiin – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Af-Laatiin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زمانی لاتینی – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی لاتینی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Латински језик – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Латински језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Latinski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Lat%C3%A9n" title="Basa Latén – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Latén" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latina" title="Latina – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Latina" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Latin" title="Wikang Latin – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Latin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="இலத்தீன் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலத்தீன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Talatint" title="Tutlayt Talatint – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Talatint" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talatint" title="Talatint – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Talatint" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Латин теле – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Латин теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="లాటిన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లాటిన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาละติน – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาละติน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Забони лотинӣ – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони лотинӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%B6%E1%8E%BB_%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%AF%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎠᏂᎶᎻ ᎤᏂᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ – cherokesisk" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏂᎶᎻ ᎤᏂᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latince" title="Latince – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Latince" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latyn_dili" title="Latyn dili – turkmensk" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Latyn dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lati%CC%B1n_(a%CC%B1lyem)" title="Lati̱n (a̱lyem) – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Lati̱n (a̱lyem)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Латин дыл – tuvinsk" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Латин дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Латин кыл – udmurtisk" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Латин кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Латинська мова – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Латинська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لاطینی زبان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لاطینی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="لاتىن تىلى – uigurisk" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لاتىن تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_%C5%82atina" title="Łéngua łatina – venetiansk" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua łatina" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinan_kel%27" title="Latinan kel' – vepsisk" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Latinan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Latinh" title="Tiếng Latinh – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Latinh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladina_kiil" title="Ladina kiil – sørestisk" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ladina kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="sørestisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lat%C3%A9n" title="Latén – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Latén" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="拉丁語 – klassisk kinesisk" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="拉丁語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassisk kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn – vestflamsk" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Latyn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="vestflamsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linatin" title="Linatin – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Linatin" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" title="拉丁文 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="拉丁文" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="לאטיין – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לאטיין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_L%C3%A1t%C3%ACn%C3%AC" title="Èdè Látìnì – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Látìnì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" title="拉丁文 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="拉丁文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinki" title="Latinki – dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Latinki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latijn" title="Latijn – zeeuws" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Latijn" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zeeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luot%C4%ABnu_kalba" title="Luotīnu kalba – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Luotīnu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉丁语 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉丁语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin" title="Latin – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Latin" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Latin" title="Saro Latin – mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Latin" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boros_Latin" title="Boros Latin – sentraldusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Boros Latin" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="sentraldusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Latin" title="Jaku Latin – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Latin" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Latin" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latyni_zyvon" title="Latyni zyvon – talysj" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Latyni zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵜ – standard marrokansk tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="standard marrokansk tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q397#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Latin" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Latin"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Latin"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Latin" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Latin" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&oldid=24483980" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Latin&id=24483980&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLatin"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLatin"><span>Last ned 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id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Omdirigert fra «<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lat.&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Lat.">Lat.</a>»)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24461009">.mw-parser-output .wb-edithandle{display:none;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-show .wb-edithandle{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-hide .wb-edithandle{display:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks{float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:3px;margin:0.5em 0em 1em 1em;background-color:#f9f9f9;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift th{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;font-size:larger;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{background-color:#fff;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;text-align:center;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks td{background-color:#efefef;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;margin:4px;padding:3px}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.custom td{background:none;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad th{text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td{text-align:left;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.headercenter{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.hode th{padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{text-align:center;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift td{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;background-color:#eee;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.geografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.biografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.transport tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bygning tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.infrastruktur tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.ekstrabred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><table class="infobox infoboks bred"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4">Latin</th></tr><tr class="hode"><th colspan="4">lingua latina</th></tr> <tr class="bilde" valign="top"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Arco_Sisto_V_targa_M.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Arco_Sisto_V_targa_M.jpg/250px-Arco_Sisto_V_targa_M.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Arco_Sisto_V_targa_M.jpg/375px-Arco_Sisto_V_targa_M.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Arco_Sisto_V_targa_M.jpg/500px-Arco_Sisto_V_targa_M.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Brukt i</th><td colspan="2">Vatikanstaten<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-8b7ae698ec1a1ca7d231313a7ceb749d018714d3-v2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-8b7ae698ec1a1ca7d231313a7ceb749d018714d3-v2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Antall brukere</th><td colspan="2">Ingen med morsmål; rundt 5 000 som snakker det flytende, rundt 300 000 som kan lese det</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kfamilie" title="Språkfamilie">Lingvistisk<br />klassifikasjon</a></th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Indoeuropeiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Indoeuropeiske språk">Indoeuropeisk</a><br /><span style="margin-left:.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Italiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Italiske språk">Italisk</a></span><br /><span style="margin-left:1em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latino-faliskiske_spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latino-faliskiske språk (ikke skrevet ennå)">Latino-faliskisk</a></span><br /><span style="margin-left:1.5em;"><b>Latin</b></span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Skriftsystem" title="Skriftsystem">Skriftsystem</a></th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Det_latinske_alfabetet" title="Det latinske alfabetet">Det latinske alfabetet</a></td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4">Offisiell status</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Offisielt i</th><td colspan="2"><span class="flagg"><span><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vatikanstaten" title="Vatikanstaten"><img alt="Vatikanstatens flagg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/18px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/27px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/36px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vatikanstaten" title="Vatikanstaten">Vatikanstaten</a></span></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Normert av</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opus_Fundatum_Latinitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opus Fundatum Latinitas (ikke skrevet ennå)">Opus Fundatum Latinitas</a></td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4">Språkkoder</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></th><td colspan="2">la</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></th><td colspan="2">lat</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td colspan="2">lat</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Glottolog</th><td colspan="2" class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/lati1261">lati1261</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center wikipedia-lenke"><hr /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="la:"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/15px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/23px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/30px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a></span> <b><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="la:">Wikipedia på latin</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://no.wiktionary.org/wiki/Kategori:latin" title="wikt:Kategori:latin"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/15px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/23px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/30px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://no.wiktionary.org/wiki/Kategori:Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:Kategori:Latin">Latin på Wiktionary</a><br /></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Latin</b> er et <a href="/wiki/Indoeuropeisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoeuropeisk">indoeuropeisk</a> <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5k" title="Språk">språk</a> i den <a href="/wiki/Italiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Italiske språk">italiske</a> gruppen, og opprinnelig <a href="/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt">dialekten</a> i det <a href="/wiki/Antikken" title="Antikken">antikke</a> <a href="/wiki/Latium" class="mw-redirect" title="Latium">Latium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a> med omegn) som senere ble helt dominerende i den vestlige del av <a href="/wiki/Romerriket" title="Romerriket">Romerriket</a>. <a href="/wiki/Latinsk_alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinsk alfabet">Det latinske alfabetet</a>, som ble utviklet fra det <a href="/wiki/Gresk_alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Gresk alfabet">greske</a>, er verdens mest utbredte <a href="/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet">alfabet</a>. </p><p>Selv om latin nå er et <a href="/wiki/Utd%C3%B8dd_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Utdødd språk">utdødd språk</a>, har det hatt stor påvirkning på mange levende språk, og brukes fortsatt i <a href="/wiki/Akademisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Akademisk">akademiske</a> miljøer. Alle <a href="/wiki/Romanske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Romanske språk">romanske språk</a> nedstammer fra det folkelige språket eller <a href="/wiki/Dagligtale" title="Dagligtale">dagligtalen</a> kjent som «<a href="/wiki/Vulg%C3%A6rlatin" title="Vulgærlatin">vulgærlatin</a>» («vulgær» i betydningen «folkelig»), og en rekke latinske ord inngår i alle vestlige språk, herunder <a href="/wiki/Norsk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Norsk språk">norsk</a>. I mer enn tusen år var latin et <i><a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a></i> i <a href="/wiki/Den_vestlige_verden" class="mw-redirect" title="Den vestlige verden">den vestlige verden</a>, før det ble erstattet av <a href="/wiki/Fransk" title="Fransk">fransk</a> på <a href="/wiki/1700-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1700-tallet">1700-tallet</a> og <a href="/wiki/Engelsk" title="Engelsk">engelsk</a> på slutten av <a href="/wiki/1800-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1800-tallet">1800-tallet</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kirkelatin" title="Kirkelatin">Kirkelatin</a> er fremdeles det formelle språket i <a href="/wiki/Den_katolske_kirke" title="Den katolske kirke">den katolske kirken</a>, og dermed det offisielle språket i <a href="/wiki/Vatikanet" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatikanet">Vatikanet</a>. Denne kirken brukte latin som sitt fremste <a href="/wiki/Liturgi" title="Liturgi">liturgiske språk</a> inntil <a href="/wiki/Andre_Vatikankonsil" title="Andre Vatikankonsil">andre Vatikankonsil</a> i <a href="/wiki/1960-%C3%A5rene" title="1960-årene">1960-årene</a>. Latin brukes også til å danne nye vitenskapelige ord og navn, spesielt ved <a href="/wiki/Biologisk_klassifikasjon" title="Biologisk klassifikasjon">klassifisering av dyr og planter</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Latin tilhører den <a href="/wiki/Italiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Italiske språk">italiske språkgruppen</a>, og skrives med <a href="/wiki/Latinsk_alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinsk alfabet">latinske bokstaver</a>, basert på det gammelitaliske alfabetet som igjen stammer fra <a href="/wiki/Gresk_alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Gresk alfabet">det greske alfabetet</a>. Latin kom først til den <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">italienske</a> halvøy med <a href="/wiki/Innvandrer" class="mw-redirect" title="Innvandrer">innvandrere</a> nordfra, som slo seg ned i <a href="/wiki/Latium" class="mw-redirect" title="Latium">Latium</a> (nå kalt <i>Lazio</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> spesielt langs elven <a href="/wiki/Tiberen" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiberen">Tiberen</a>, hvor den romerske sivilisasjonen utviklet seg. Latin ble påvirket av <a href="/wiki/Keltisk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Keltisk språk">keltiske</a> <a href="/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt">dialekter</a> og det ikke-<a href="/wiki/Indoeuropeiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Indoeuropeiske språk">indoeuropeiske språket</a> <a href="/wiki/Etruskisk" title="Etruskisk">etruskisk</a> i Nord-Italia, og av <a href="/wiki/Gresk" title="Gresk">gresk</a> talt i greske <a href="/wiki/Koloni" title="Koloni">kolonier</a> i Sør-Italia (<a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a>). </p><p>Latin var åpent for å ta til seg <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A5nord" title="Lånord">lånord</a>, og fra tidlig av tok det opp fra <a href="/wiki/Italisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Italisk">italiske</a> <a href="/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt">dialekter</a> ord som <i>rosa</i> («rose») og <i>vinum</i> («vin»); fra gresk ord som <i><a href="/wiki/Maskin" title="Maskin">machina</a></i> og <i>grammatica</i>, og fra <a href="/wiki/Gallisk" title="Gallisk">gallisk</a> ord som <i>carrus</i> («<a href="/wiki/Kjerre" title="Kjerre">kjerre</a>») og <i>rota</i> («<a href="/wiki/Hjul" title="Hjul">hjul</a>»).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Selv om det meste av den overlevende <a href="/wiki/Latinsk_litteratur" title="Latinsk litteratur">latinske litteraturen</a> er skrevet på <a href="/wiki/Klassisk_latin" title="Klassisk latin">klassisk latin</a>, et <a href="/wiki/Litteratur" title="Litteratur">litterært</a> språk fra <a href="/wiki/100-tallet_f.Kr." class="mw-redirect" title="100-tallet f.Kr.">100-tallet f.Kr.</a>, var det egentlige talespråket i <a href="/wiki/Romerriket" title="Romerriket">Romerriket</a> <a href="/wiki/Vulg%C3%A6rlatin" title="Vulgærlatin">vulgærlatin</a>, som var forskjellig fra klassisk latin i grammatikk, ordforråd og etter hvert også i uttale. Vulgærlatin ser vi spor etter i for eksempel <a href="/wiki/Komedie" title="Komedie">komediene</a> og <a href="/wiki/Petronius" title="Petronius">Petronius</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Satyricon" class="mw-disambig" title="Satyricon">Satyricon</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Cicero" class="mw-redirect" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> gjaldt som språklig ideal, og hans samtidige, forfatteren <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Terentius_Varro" title="Marcus Terentius Varro">Marcus Terentius Varro</a>, fremholdt i sitt verk <i>De lingua latina</i> at å snakke latin godt, var å snakke «romersk». Man kjente igjen romeren på at han uttalte innledende <i>h</i> og de avsluttende <i>s</i>-ene. <a href="/wiki/Catullus" title="Catullus">Catullus</a> gjør i et dikt narr av en uskolert mann, Arrius, som prøver å virke dannet ved å uttale <i>h</i> der den ikke skal være, som hvis vi uttalte «oppe» som «hoppe». En gravstele fra <a href="/wiki/Tarragona" title="Tarragona">Tarragona</a> bærer innskriften <i>Have Volusia</i> (= Adjø, Volusia), der det skulle stått <i>Ave Volusia</i>. Ut fra alle språkfeilene han hørte hos sine samtidige, bekymret Varro seg for fremtiden til det latinske språket.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Latin ble utbredt i den vestlige delen av Romerriket, og gjennom tiden utviklet vulgærlatin seg og ble til <a href="/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt">dialekter</a> i de forskjellige områdene. Det kompliserte <a href="/wiki/Kasus" title="Kasus">kasussystemet</a> brøt gradvis sammen i folkemålet, og ordstillingen istedenfor bøyningen kom til å avgjøre ordenes funksjon i setningen. (Lingvister kaller dette en overgang fra <a href="/wiki/Syntetisk_spr%C3%A5k" title="Syntetisk språk">syntetisk språk</a> til <a href="/wiki/Analytisk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Analytisk språk">analytisk språk</a>.) Da Romerriket brøt sammen, og de enkelte <a href="/wiki/Provins" title="Provins">provinsene</a> falt i hendene på ulike <a href="/wiki/Germanere" title="Germanere">germanske</a> <a href="/wiki/Konge" title="Konge">konger</a>, begynte det latinske språket å splittes opp i en rekke vulgærlatinske <a href="/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt">dialekter</a>, som til slutt var så ulike at der var snakk om ulike språk, de romanske språkene, der man hadde sluttet å uttale innledende <i>h</i>. Latin <i>habére</i> (= å ha) ble etterhvert til <a href="/wiki/Italiensk" title="Italiensk">italiensk</a> <i>avére</i> og <a href="/wiki/Fransk" title="Fransk">fransk</a> <i>avoir</i>. Fra omkring <a href="/wiki/300" title="300">300</a> e.Kr. ble latin vestkirkens språk, en stilling det beholdt gjennom hele <a href="/wiki/Middelalderen" title="Middelalderen">middelalderen</a>. Latin ble dermed det internasjonale språket som <a href="/wiki/Vesten" title="Vesten">Vestens</a> lærde kommuniserte på. Latin opphørte å være <a href="/wiki/Morsm%C3%A5l" title="Morsmål">morsmål</a> ca. år <a href="/wiki/600" title="600">600</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Roma_San_Clemente_fresco.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Roma_San_Clemente_fresco.JPG/250px-Roma_San_Clemente_fresco.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Roma_San_Clemente_fresco.JPG/375px-Roma_San_Clemente_fresco.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Roma_San_Clemente_fresco.JPG/500px-Roma_San_Clemente_fresco.JPG 2x" data-file-width="899" data-file-height="431" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Freske" class="mw-redirect" title="Freske">Fresken</a> i <a href="/wiki/San_Clemente" title="San Clemente">San Clemente</a>-kirken i <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a> med eldste bevarte <a href="/wiki/Replikk" title="Replikk">replikk</a> på vulgærlatin - fra 400-tallet.</figcaption></figure> <p>Vi har imidlertid svært få skriftlige kilder til vulgærlatins utvikling. Eldste skriftlige kilde til vulgærlatin er skrevet på en <a href="/wiki/Freske" class="mw-redirect" title="Freske">freske</a> i kirken <a href="/wiki/San_Clemente" title="San Clemente">San Clemente</a> i <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a>, i 400-tallskirken to etasjer under gatenivå. Her ses replikken «<i>Fili de le pute, traite!</i>» (= «Trekk hardere, dere horesønner!») skrevet på fresken som viser <a href="/wiki/Mirakel" title="Mirakel">mirakelet</a> da Sisinnius og hans tjenere Albertel og Carvoncelle lures til å surre tauet sitt rundt en <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8yle" title="Søyle">søyle</a>, i stedet for rundt <a href="/wiki/Helgen" title="Helgen">helgenen</a> <a href="/wiki/Sankt_Klemens" title="Sankt Klemens">Sankt Klemens</a> som kirken er oppkalt etter, og som de prøver å redde. Sankt Klemens betrakter deres anstrengelser og kommenterer på høylatin: «<i>Duritiam cordis vestri saxa trahere meruisti</i>» (= «Ut fra eders forherdete hjerter er dere fordømt til å bære en slik bør.»)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Traktaten_i_Verdun" title="Traktaten i Verdun">Traktaten i Verdun</a> fra <a href="/wiki/842" title="842">842</a>, hvor <a href="/wiki/Frankerriket" title="Frankerriket">Frankerriket</a> ble delt, er den første kilde hvor en kan få innblikk i at vulgærlatin hadde utviklet seg til et nytt romansk språk (gammelfransk). I <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> ble det skapt et syntetisk språk basert på latinskættede dialekter først med <a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a> på 1200-tallet. Fra omkring <a href="/wiki/800-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="800-tallet">800-tallet</a> ble dialektene etter hvert distinkte <a href="/wiki/Romanske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Romanske språk">romanske språk</a>. I flere århundrer var disse bare talespråk, siden latin ble brukt som <a href="/wiki/Skriftspr%C3%A5k" title="Skriftspråk">skriftspråk</a>. For eksempel var latin det offisielle språket i <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> inntil <a href="/wiki/1296" title="1296">1296</a>, da det ble erstattet med <a href="/wiki/Portugisisk" title="Portugisisk">portugisisk</a>. Latin har også blitt benyttet som offisielt språk når det nasjonale språket har vært forbudt. I <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a> var latin offisielt språk frem til <a href="/wiki/1795" title="1795">1795</a>, for å unngå at <a href="/wiki/Russisk" title="Russisk">russisk</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Tysk" title="Tysk">tysk</a> i stedet ble påtvunget befolkningen. I <a href="/wiki/Ungarn" title="Ungarn">Ungarn</a> var latin administrativt språk frem til <a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a>. Ungarsk var forbudt av myndighetene, og for å slippe å måtte bruke erobrernes språk, tysk, benyttet ungarerne seg heller av latin.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gjennom middelalderen og inn i nyere tid fortsatte latin som et levende, tillært språk innenfor kirke, stat og <a href="/wiki/Akademika" title="Akademika">akademika</a>. Opplæringen skjedde på <a href="/wiki/Latinskole" title="Latinskole">latinskolene</a>. Latin var viktigste fag og selve undervisningsspråket. Man begynte med å lære seg hverdagslige tekster som: «<i>Se, hagen er stengt. Hvem skal åpne for oss? Jeg åpner låsen med fars nøkkel. Sist onsdag så jeg en i hagen som slo ned epler med en kjepp, men ikke hadde nøkkel. Hvem var det? En liten tyv...</i>» Hensikten var å lære seg latin til daglig bruk, og <a href="/wiki/Reformasjonen" title="Reformasjonen">reformasjonen</a> endret ikke på dette. Prestene ble fortsatt utdannet på latin, som i <a href="/wiki/Katolsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Katolsk">katolsk</a> tid, og det samme gjaldt alle andre med høyere utdanning. Etter 10-15 år på latinskole og universitet var latin ikke lenger et fremmedspråk, men språket de lærde var vant til å uttrykke seg på. <a href="/wiki/Astronom" title="Astronom">Astronomen</a> <a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahes</a> assistenter noterte daglig værforholdene på dansk, og 24. juni <a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a> var været «stille og varmt». Men i margen tilføyde assistenten på latin: «<i>Cenavimus in horto</i>» («Vi spiste middag i hagen»). Vær-observasjonene skulle foretas på dansk, men det var latin de grep til for hverdagslige notater i margen, som at «kokken fikk juling», eller at Brahes datter «hadde hodepine». En gradvis utskiftning av latin i <a href="/wiki/Danmark-Norge" title="Danmark-Norge">Danmark-Norge</a> til fordel for dansk tok først til etter 1750.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kirkeordinansen" title="Kirkeordinansen">Kirkeordinansen</a> fra 1537 la stor vekt på trening i den nye latinen. Det var stor prestisje knyttet til å kunne uttrykke seg elegant i klassiske vers, der kristne emner ble beskrevet i hedenske termer - Vårherre het <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(gud)" title="Jupiter (gud)">Jupiter</a> eller ble omtalt som <i>tonans</i> (= tordneren), <i>supremus</i> (= den høyeste) eller <i>Deus optimus maximus</i> (= Gud, den aller største - ofte forkortet DOM). Betegnelsen <i>superi</i> (= de høye) ble også brukt, som om <a href="/wiki/Kristendommen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristendommen">kristendommen</a> var blitt <a href="/wiki/Polyteisme" title="Polyteisme">polyteistisk</a>. Det ble populært å latinisere navnet sitt - «Berg» med <i>Montanus</i>, «Broby» ble <i>Pontoppidan</i>, «Smed» ble til <i>Faber</i> eller <i>Fabricius</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> «Biskop» ble kalt <i>præsul</i> (fordanseren blant de romerske prestene for <a href="/wiki/Mars_(gud)" title="Mars (gud)">Mars</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), bispegården <i>curia</i>, og kirken ble kalt <i>templum</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/Norge" title="Norge">Norge</a> var latin-<a href="/wiki/Artium" class="mw-redirect" title="Artium">artium</a> en forutsetning for nærmest enhver <a href="/wiki/Embedsmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Embedsmann">embetskarriere</a> fra tidlig 1700-tall, inntil real-artium ble godtatt som alternativ grunnopplæring på 1880-tallet. Latin var også <a href="/wiki/Diplomati" title="Diplomati">diplomatiets</a> språk inntil fransk overtok denne posisjonen på midten av 1600-tallet. Inntil midten av 1700-tallet ble forskningsresultater og vitenskap publisert på latin. </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">EU</a> er alle medlemslandenes offisielle språk gjort til offisielle EU-språk. Dette medfører at minst 40 % av de administrative kostnadene i EU går til <a href="/wiki/Oversettelse" title="Oversettelse">oversettelse</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tolk" title="Tolk">tolketjeneste</a>. Den italienske representanten Mario Capanna har holdt en tale på latin i <a href="/wiki/Europaparlamentet" title="Europaparlamentet">Europaparlamentet</a>. Han ble oppfordret til å bruke et mer tidsmessig språk, men Capanna påpekte at ingen forskrifter forbød ham å bruke latin, og fikk støtte fra den tyske representanten <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Habsburg" title="Otto von Habsburg">Otto von Habsburg</a> – på latin. Også den <a href="/wiki/Svensk" title="Svensk">svenske</a> latin-professoren Birger Bergh støtter tanken om latin som nytt fellesspråk i Europa, siden latin fungerte slik over lenger tid enn engelsk og fransk til sammen har gjort. </p><p>Den danske vitenskapsmannen Ole Borch uttalte i <a href="/wiki/1680" title="1680">1680</a> at på samme måten som egyptiske <a href="/wiki/Mumie" title="Mumie">mumier</a> ødelegges hvis man rører ved dem, ødelegges latin av endringer. Etterligning, først og fremst av <a href="/wiki/Cicero" class="mw-redirect" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>, var etter Borchs mening idealet. Men hvis man ikke kan skrive noe på latin som Cicero ikke kunne ha skrevet, er latin til liten nytte. <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_av_Rotterdam" class="mw-redirect" title="Erasmus av Rotterdam">Erasmus av Rotterdam</a> protesterte mot sin tids ciceronianere ved å skrive om aktuelle temaer på latin. Den finske professoren Tuomo Pekkanen fra universitetet i <a href="/wiki/Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4" title="Jyväskylä">Jyväskylä</a> har oversatt de ca. 22.000 versene i <i><a href="/wiki/Kalevala" title="Kalevala">Kalevala</a></i> til latin, utarbeider sammen med en kollega nyheter på latin for finsk <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a>, og har tilrettelagt dikt av <a href="/wiki/Horats" title="Horats">Horats</a> til <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>-sanger. Likeså utkom en samling <a href="/wiki/Catullus" title="Catullus">Catullus</a>-dikt med tittelen <i>Variationes Catullianae jazzicae</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presleys</a> sanger er også fremført på latin.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lydsystem_og_uttale">Lydsystem og uttale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Lydsystem og uttale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Lydsystem og uttale"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Selv om latin ikke lengre har <a href="/wiki/Morsm%C3%A5l" title="Morsmål">morsmålsstatus</a> noe sted i verden, betyr ikke det at det ikke fortsatt kan tales. Det finnes mange type uttaler, to av dem anses som offisielle: <a href="/wiki/Kirkelatin" title="Kirkelatin">kirkelatin</a> og klassisk latin. Uttalen varierer fra land til land. Kirken har sin egen rettesnor, nemlig <a href="/wiki/Kirkelatin" title="Kirkelatin">kirkelatin</a>. Ingen vet hvordan romerne faktisk snakket latin til daglig, men den klassiske uttalen av latin er nokså godt kjent, takket være de tallrike vitnesbyrdene de latinske forfatterne etterlot seg, så den lar seg rekonstruere ved hjelp av <a href="/wiki/Sammenlignende_spr%C3%A5kvitenskap" class="mw-redirect" title="Sammenlignende språkvitenskap">sammenligningsmetoden</a>. </p><p>Nedenfor indikerer en linje over <a href="/wiki/Vokal" title="Vokal">vokalen</a> (en <a href="/wiki/Makron" title="Makron">makron</a>) at vokalen skal være lang. <a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">Symbolene</a> i hakeparenteser og skråstreker følger <a href="/wiki/Det_internasjonale_fonetiske_alfabetet" title="Det internasjonale fonetiske alfabetet">IPA</a>-standarden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uttalen_i_dag">Uttalen i dag</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Uttalen i dag" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Uttalen i dag"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Også kjent som Italiensk latin eller <a href="/wiki/Kirkelatin" title="Kirkelatin">kirkelatin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vokaler_i_dagligdags_uttale">Vokaler i dagligdags uttale</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Vokaler i dagligdags uttale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Vokaler i dagligdags uttale"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Latin har korte og lange vokaler. </p><p>Lange vokaler er: <i>ā</i>, <i>ē</i>, <i>ī</i>, <i>ō</i>, og <i>ū</i>. </p> <ul><li><b>ā</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r19918143">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"DejaVu Sans","Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Code2000","MV Boli","MS Mincho","Arial",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /a:/</span></li> <li><b>ē</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /e:/</span></li> <li><b>ī</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /i:/</span></li> <li><b>ō</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /o:/</span></li> <li><b>ū</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /u:/</span></li></ul> <p>Korte vokaler er: <i>a</i>, <i>e</i>, <i>i</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>u</i>, og <i>y</i>. </p> <ul><li><b>a</b> (ǎ) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /a/</span></li> <li><b>e</b> (ě) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /e/ eller /ɛ/</span>.</li> <li><b>i</b> (ǐ) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /i/</span>.</li> <li><b>o</b> (ǒ) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /ɔ/</span>.</li> <li><b>u</b> (ǔ) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /u/</span>.</li> <li><b>y</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /i/</span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Diftonger_i_dagligdags_uttale">Diftonger i dagligdags uttale</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Diftonger i dagligdags uttale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Diftonger i dagligdags uttale"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Latin har tre <a href="/wiki/Diftong" title="Diftong">diftonger</a>: </p> <ul><li><b>au</b>: <i>aurum</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'aurum/</span>.</li> <li><b>eu</b>: <i>Eurōpa</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /eu'rɔːpa/</span>.</li> <li><b>ui</b>: <i>huic</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'uik/</span> eller <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'wik/</span>.</li></ul> <p>Vokal gruppene <b>ae</b> og <b>oe</b> er ikke diftonger som i motsetning til den klassiske uttalen, men de leses alltid /e/. </p> <ul><li><b>ae</b>: <i>maestus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'mestus/</span>.</li> <li><b>oe</b>: <i>poena</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'pe:na/</span>.</li></ul> <p>Finner mann to prikker over en <i>o</i>, som dette → <i>ö</i> i <i>oe</i> diftongen skal man uttale hver vokal. </p> <ul><li><b>Pöeta</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /po'eta/</span>, ikke<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'peta/</span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Konsonanter_i_dagligdags_uttale">Konsonanter i dagligdags uttale</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Konsonanter i dagligdags uttale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Konsonanter i dagligdags uttale"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dobbeltkonsonanter skal uttales lange: <i>mittere</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['mit'tɛre]</span>, <i>crassus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['kras'sus]</span>, <i>reppěri</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['repːpɛri]</span>. </p> <ul><li><b>c</b>:</li> <li>Foran de mørke vokalene <i>a</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>u</i> og foran konsonanter uttales <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /k/</span>: <i>canis</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'kanis/</span>, <i>crassus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'krasːsus</span>.</li> <li>Den blir til /tʃ/ (som engelsk: <b>ch</b>air) foran de lyse vokalene <i>e</i>, <i>i</i> og <i>y</i>: <i>cinis</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'tʃinis/</span>, <i>cēdit</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'tʃeːdit/</span>.</li> <li><b>f</b>: Den er uttalet som labiodental <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /f/</span>.</li> <li><b>g</b>:</li> <li>* Foran de mørke vokalene <i>a</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>u</i> og foran konsonanter (unntatt <i>n</i>) uttales <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /g/</span> (som engelsk <b>g</b>asp): <i>glǒbus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'glɔ:bus/</span>, <i>gauděo</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'gau'deo/</span>.</li> <li>Den blir /dʒ/ (som engelsk: <b>g</b>ym) foran de lyse vokalene <i>e</i>, <i>i</i> og <i>y</i>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /dʒ/</span>.</li> <li>foran <i>n</i> uttales <i>g</i> som en <a href="/wiki/Velar_konsonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar konsonant">velar</a> (spansk: espa<b>ñ</b>ol eller italiensk spa<b>gn</b>olo): <i>ignis</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'iŋŋiss/</span>.</li> <li><b>h</b> blir aldri uttalt.</li> <li><b>i</b> blir uttalt som <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /j/</span>: <i>iūstus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'jus'stus/</span>, <i>eius</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'e:jus</span>, <i>fīlius</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'fiːljus/</span>, <i>ēicere</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /e:itʃɛre/</span>.</li> <li><b>l</b> representerer kun en lyd: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /l/</span>.</li> <li>Deretter blir alle disse ordene uttalet på samme mote. <i>Legere</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'le:dʒere/</span>, <i>lacus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'lakus/</span>, <i>bellus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'bɛl'lus/</span>, <i>sōl</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'sɔːl/</span>, <i>silva</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'sil'va/</span>, <i>alter</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'al'ter/</span>, <i>flāvus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'fla:vus/</span>, <i>plēnus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'pleːnus/</span>.</li> <li><b>m</b> uttales alltid som /m/: <i>māter</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'maːter/</span>, <i>coma</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'kɔma/</span>, <i>summa</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'sum'ma/</span>.<i>multum ille</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'multum.'il'le:/</span>, <i>quantum erat</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'kwantum.ɛ:rat/</span>, tum dīxit<i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /tum.dik'ksit/</span>, </i>numquam<i> / </i>nunquam<i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'num'kwam/</span>; sammenlign </i>eandem<i> fra </i>eam<i> + </i>-dem<i>.</i></li> <li>Ingen nasalisering: <i>Rōmam</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'rɔːmam/</span>.</li> <li><b>n</b> er alltid <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /n/</span>: <i>nāsus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'naːsus/</span>, <i>annus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'an'nus/</span>, <i>Pān</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'paːn/</span>, <i>ānser</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'an,ser/</span>, <i>īnsula</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'in,sula/</span>, <i>cōnfer</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'kon'fer/</span>.</li> <li><b>qu</b> (<b>su</b>): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[k]</span> og <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[w]</span>, og i noen ord <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[s]</span> og <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[w]</span>: <i>quis</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'kwis/</span>; <i>suadēre</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /swa:dere]</span>.</li> <li><b>r</b> ble uttalt med tungespissen: <i>Rōma</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['rɔːma]</span>; <i>prae</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[pre]</span>.</li> <li><b>s</b> er nesten alltid <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Ustemt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ustemt">ustemt</a></span>, den er <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Stemt" class="mw-redirect" title="Stemt">stemt</a></span> hvis den ligger imellom to vokaler: <i>sōl</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'sɔːl/</span>, <i>īnsula</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'inːsula/</span>, men <i>rosa</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'roza/</span> og <i>nīsus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'ni:zus/</span>.</li> <li><b>ss</b> er alltid <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'s's/</span></li> <li><b>v</b> er uttalt <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /v/</span> hvis den er ikke etter <i>q</i> og <i>s</i>, ellers blir den uttalt <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /w/</span>: <i>uespa</i> (<i>vespa</i>) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['vɛspa]</span>, <i>uīnum</i> (<i>vīnum</i>) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['viːnum]</span>, <i>quantum</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'kwantum/</span>.</li> <li><b>z</b> finnes bare i fremmede ord, og ble uttalt som <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[dz]</span>: <i>Zephyrus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['dze'firus]</span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aksent_i_dagligdags_uttale">Aksent i dagligdags uttale</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Aksent i dagligdags uttale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Aksent i dagligdags uttale"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den Latinske aksent består av tre viktige regler: </p> <ul><li>Trysillabism: aksenten kan ikke være lenger bak enn den antepenulten stavelsen (tredjesiste stavelse).</li> <li>Penultreglen: er ordet med mer enn tre stavelser, blir aksenten på tredjesiste stavelse, hvis vokalen tilhørende den II nest siste stavelsen er kort, på den II nest siste stavelsen hvis vokalen er lang.</li> <li>Baritonesys: Aksenten kan ikke være på den siste stavelsen, dermed har ordene med to stavelser aksenten på den II nest siste stavelsen.</li> <li>Eksempler:</li> <li><i>Rōma</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'rɔːma/</span>)</li> <li><i>Candēla</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /kan'de:la/</span></li> <li><i>Incautus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /iŋ'kau:tus/</span></li> <li><i>Abesse</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /a'bɛs'se/</span></li> <li><i>Exercitus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /egs'ɛrtʃitus/</span></li> <li><i>Integrī</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"> /'in'tegriː/</span></li></ul> <p>Latin har <a href="/wiki/Tonelag" title="Tonelag">tonelagsaksent</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_Konosonanter">International Phonetic Alphabet Konosonanter</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: International Phonetic Alphabet Konosonanter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen International Phonetic Alphabet Konosonanter"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Artikulasjonssted" title="Artikulasjonssted">Artikulasjonssted</a> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_konsonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilabial konsonant">Bilabial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_konsonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Labiodental konsonant">Labiodental</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_konsonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar konsonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_konsonant" title="Postalveolar konsonant">Postalveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal_konsonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal konsonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_konsonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar konsonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uvular_konsonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Uvular konsonant">Uvular</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonant_nasal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonant nasal (ikke skrevet ennå)">Nasal</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">m</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">ɱ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">n</span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">ŋ</span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonant_plosiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonant plosiv (ikke skrevet ennå)">Plosiv</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">p b</span></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">t d</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">k g</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonant_frikativ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonant frikativ (ikke skrevet ennå)">Frikativ</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">f</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">s z</span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonant_vibrant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonant vibrant (ikke skrevet ennå)">Vibrant</a> </th> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">r</span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonant_lateral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonant lateral (ikke skrevet ennå)">Lateral</a> </th> <td> </td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">l</span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonant_approksimant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonant approksimant (ikke skrevet ennå)">Approksimant</a> </th> <td> </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">j</span></td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">w</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gammel/_Klassisk_uttale"><span id="Gammel.2F_Klassisk_uttale"></span>Gammel/ Klassisk uttale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Gammel/ Klassisk uttale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Gammel/ Klassisk uttale"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den klassiske i bruk i <a href="/wiki/Romerriket" title="Romerriket">Romerriket</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vokaler">Vokaler</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Vokaler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Vokaler"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Latin har de korte vokalene <i>a</i>, <i>e</i>, <i>i</i>, <i>o</i>, <i>u</i> (og <i>y</i>), og de lange vokalene <i>ā</i>, <i>ē</i>, <i>ī</i>, <i>ō</i>, <i>ū</i>. </p> <ul><li><b>ē</b> (lang) er lukket: <i>ēmī</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['eːmiː]</span>.</li> <li><b>ī</b> (lang) er også lukket: <i>hīc</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['hiːk]</span>.</li> <li><b>e</b> (kort) er åpen: <i>emere</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['ɛmɛrɛ]</span>, men aldri som <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[ə]</span>.</li> <li><b>i</b> (kort) er også åpen: <i>it</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['ɪt]</span>.</li></ul> <p>Noen steder betegner <i>i</i> og <i>u</i> kanskje <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[ʏ]:</span> <i>māximus</i> / <i>māxumus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['maːksʏmʊs]</span>. </p> <ul><li><b>ō</b> (lang) og <b>ū</b> (lang) er lukkede: <i>Rōma</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['roːma]</span> og <i>fūr</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['fuːr]</span>.</li> <li><b>o</b> (kort) og <b>u</b> (kort) er åpne: <i>bonus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['bɔnʊs]</span> og <i>humus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['hʊmʊs]</span>.</li> <li><b>y</b> (kort) og <b>y</b> (lang) finnes bare i ord av <a href="/wiki/Gresk" title="Gresk">gresk</a> opprinnelse. I gresk var sannsynligvis kort <i>y</i> lukket og lang <i>y</i> åpen, men det er uvisst om romerne fulgte denne regelen.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diftonger">Diftonger</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Rediger avsnitt: Diftonger" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Diftonger"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Latin hadde fem <a href="/wiki/Diftong" title="Diftong">diftonger</a>: </p> <ul><li><b>au</b>: <i>aurum</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['aʊ̯rʊm]</span>.</li> <li><b>ae</b>: <i>maestus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['maɪ̯stʊs]</span>.</li> <li><b>eu</b>: <i>Eurōpa</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[ɛʊ̯'roːpa]</span>.</li> <li><b>oe</b>: <i>poena</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['pɔɪ̯na]</span>.</li> <li><b>ui</b>: <i>huic</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['hʊɪ̯k]</span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konsonanter">Konsonanter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Rediger avsnitt: Konsonanter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Konsonanter"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dobbeltkonsonanter skal uttales lange: <i>mittere</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['mɪtːɛrɛ]</span>, <i>crassus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['krasːʊs]</span>, <i>repperit</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['rɛpːɛrɪt]</span>. </p><p><i>c</i>, <i>p</i> og <i>t</i> skal alltid uttales uten <a href="/wiki/Aspirasjon" title="Aspirasjon">aspirasjon</a> (slik det også er i moderne <a href="/wiki/Romanske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Romanske språk">romanske språk</a>). </p> <ul><li><b>c</b>:</li> <li>Uttales alltid som /k/: <i>circum</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[ˈkir.kum]</span>, <i>cīvitās</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['kiːwi.taːs]</span><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. I <a href="/wiki/Vulg%C3%A6rlatin" title="Vulgærlatin">Vulgærlatin</a> og i senantikken ble c palatalisert foran lyse vokaler: <i>cinis</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['kʲɪnɪs]</span>, <i>cēdit</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['kʲeːdɪt]</span>.</li> <li><b>f</b>:</li> <li>Det er usikkert om lyden ble uttalt som labiodental <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[f]</span> eller bilabial <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[ɸ]</span>.</li> <li><b>g</b>:</li> <li>Uttales alltid som /g/: <i>gens</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[ɡens]</span>, <i>pāgina</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['paːgi.na]</span>. I <a href="/wiki/Vulg%C3%A6rlatin" title="Vulgærlatin">Vulgærlatin</a> og i senantikken ble g palatalisert foran lyse vokaler <i>generātim</i>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['gʲɛnɛraːtĩ(m)]</span>.</li> <li>foran <i>n</i> uttales <i>g</i> som en <a href="/wiki/Velar_konsonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar konsonant">velar</a>: <i>ignis</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['ɪŋnɪs]</span><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><b>h</b> ble uttalt som <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[h]</span><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><b>i</b> ble uttalt som <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[j]</span> eller <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[jː]</span> foran vokaler, men stavelsen <i>ii</i> skrives ikke: <i>iūstus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['juːstʊs]</span>, <i>eius</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['ɛjːʊs]</span>, <i>fīlius</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['fiːljʊs]</span>, <i>ēicere</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[e'jɪkɛrɛ]</span>.</li> <li><b>l</b> representerer to eller tre lyder:</li> <li>Først i en stavelse <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[l]</span> eller <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[lː]</span> hvis den er dobbelt: <i>legere</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['lɛgɛrɛ]</span>, <i>lacus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['lakʊs]</span>, <i>bellus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['bɛlːʊs]</span>.</li> <li>Sist i en stavelse <a href="/wiki/Velar_konsonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar konsonant">velarisert</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[ɫ]</span>: <i>sōl</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['soːɫ]</span>, <i>silva</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['sɪɫʊa]</span>, <i>alter</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['aɫter]</span>.</li> <li>Etter en konsonant først i ordet kanskje en <a href="/wiki/Palatal_konsonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal konsonant">palatal</a>: <i>flāvus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['fʎaːwʊs]</span>, <i>plēnus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['pʎeːnʊs]</span>.</li> <li><b>m</b>:</li> <li>Hvis den ikke står sist i ordet, betegner den [m]: <i>māter</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['maːter]</span>, <i>coma</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['kɔma]</span>, <i>summa</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['sʊmːa]</span>.</li> <li>Når den står sist og følges av en vokal i det neste ordet, uttaltes verken m-en eller vokalen foran den, selv om den skrives: <i>multum ille</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['mʊl.t 'ɪlːɛ]</span>, <i>quantum erat</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['kwan.t 'ɛ.rat]</span><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Når den står sist og følges av en konsonant, ble den antagelig assimilert til konsonanten, selv om dette ikke synes i skrift: <i>tum dīxit</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[tʊn'diːksɪt]</span>, <i>numquam</i> / <i>nunquam</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['nʊŋkwa(m)]</span>; sammenlign <i>eandem</i> fra <i>eam</i> + <i>-dem</i>.</li> <li>Det er usikkert om en forutgående vokal skal nasaliseres: <i>Rōmam</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['roːmã(m)]</span>.</li> <li><b>n</b>:</li> <li>I de fleste tilfeller betegner den <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[n]</span>: <i>nāsus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['naːsʊs]</span>, <i>annus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['anːʊs]</span>, <i>Pān</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['paːn]</span>.</li> <li>Foran <i>s</i> og <i>f</i> uttales den ikke, men forutgående vokalen gjøres lengre og <a href="/wiki/Nasal_vokal" title="Nasal vokal">nasal</a>: <i>ānser</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['ãːsɛr]</span>, <i>īnsula</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[' ĩːsʊʟa]</span>, <i>cōnfer</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['kɔ̃ːfɛr]</span>.</li> <li><b>qu</b> (<b>su</b>): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[k]</span> og <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[w]</span>, og i noen ord <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[s]</span> og <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[w]</span>: <i>quis</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['kwɪs]</span>; <i>suadēre</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[swa'deːrɛ]</span>.</li> <li><b>r</b> ble uttalt med tungespissen (og en forutgående lukkelyden uttaltes kort): <i>Rōma</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['roːma]</span>; <i>prae</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[praɪ̯]</span>.</li> <li><b>s</b> er alltid <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Ustemt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ustemt">ustemt</a></span>, og skal kanskje palataliseres: <i>sōl</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['soːɫ]</span> eller <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['ɕoːɫ]</span>, <i>īnsula</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['ĩːsʊɫa]</span> eller <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['ĩːɕʊɫa]</span>.</li> <li><b>u</b> (<b>v</b>) betegner både en vokal og en konsonant. For vokalen, se over. <i>u</i> som konsonant skrives ofte <i>v</i> (men ikke etter <i>q</i> og <i>s</i>), og ble uttalt <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[w]</span>: <i>uespa</i> (<i>vespa</i>) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['wɛspa]</span> / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['wɛɕpa]</span>, <i>uīnum</i> (<i>vīnum</i>) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['wiːnʊ(m)]</span>.</li> <li><b>z</b> finnes bare i fremmede ord, og ble uttalt som <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[z]</span> eller <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[dz]</span>: <i>Zephyrus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['(d)zeɸyrʊs]</span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aksent">Aksent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Rediger avsnitt: Aksent" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=13" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Aksent"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ord som består av flere stavelser, får aksent på penulten (den nest siste stavelsen) eller antepenulten (stavelsen før den nest siste). Aksenten skal stå på penulten hvis ordet bare har to stavelser (<i>Rōma</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['roːma]</span>), eller hvis penulten er lang (av natur eller stilling: <i>candēla</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[kan'deːla]</span>, <i>incautus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[ɪŋ'kaʊ.tʊs]</span>, <i>abesse</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[a'bɛsːɛ]</span>). For øvrig settes aksenten på antepenulten (en <a href="/wiki/Lukkelyd" class="mw-redirect" title="Lukkelyd">lukkelyd</a> og en likvid konsonant regnes ikke som lange av stilling): <i>exercitus</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">[ɛk'sɛr.kɪ.tʊs]</span>, <i>integrī</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19918143"><span title="IPA-uttale" class="IPA">['ɪn.tɛ.griː]</span>. </p><p>Det er usikkert om latin hadde trykkaksent eller <a href="/wiki/Tonelag" title="Tonelag">tonelagsaksent</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morfologi">Morfologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Rediger avsnitt: Morfologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=14" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Morfologi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Latin er et <a href="/wiki/Syntetisk_spr%C3%A5k" title="Syntetisk språk">syntetisk</a> bøyningsspråk. <a href="/wiki/Affiks" title="Affiks">Affikser</a> settes til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stamme_(ordrot)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stamme (ordrot) (ikke skrevet ennå)">stammer</a> for å uttrykke <a href="/wiki/Kj%C3%B8nn_(grammatikk)" title="Kjønn (grammatikk)">kjønn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grammatisk_tall" title="Grammatisk tall">tall</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kasus" title="Kasus">kasus</a> i <a href="/wiki/Adjektiv" title="Adjektiv">adjektiver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Substantiv" title="Substantiv">substantiver</a> og <a href="/wiki/Pronomen" title="Pronomen">pronomen</a>; dette kalles <a href="/wiki/Deklinasjon" title="Deklinasjon">deklinasjon</a>. I <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verb</a> uttrykkes <a href="/wiki/Person_(grammatikk)" title="Person (grammatikk)">person</a>, tall, <a href="/wiki/Tempus" title="Tempus">tid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grammatisk_modus" title="Grammatisk modus">modus</a> og <a href="/wiki/Aspekt_(grammatikk)" title="Aspekt (grammatikk)">aspekt</a>; dette kalles <a href="/wiki/Konjugasjon_(grammatikk)" title="Konjugasjon (grammatikk)">konjugasjon</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nominalsystem">Nominalsystem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Rediger avsnitt: Nominalsystem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=15" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Nominalsystem"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Latin har: </p> <ul><li>To tall: <a href="/wiki/Singularis" title="Singularis">entall</a> og <a href="/wiki/Pluralis" title="Pluralis">flertall</a>.</li> <li>Tre <a href="/wiki/Kj%C3%B8nn" title="Kjønn">kjønn</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maskulinum" title="Maskulinum">maskulinum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Femininum" title="Femininum">femininum</a> og <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B8ytrum" title="Nøytrum">nøytrum</a>.</li> <li>Seks <a href="/wiki/Kasus" title="Kasus">kasus</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nominativ" title="Nominativ">nominativ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vokativ" title="Vokativ">vokativ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akkusativ" title="Akkusativ">akkusativ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genitiv" title="Genitiv">genitiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dativ" title="Dativ">dativ</a> og <a href="/wiki/Ablativ" title="Ablativ">ablativ</a>. I tillegg har noen substantiver <a href="/wiki/Lokativ" title="Lokativ">lokativ</a>.</li></ul> <p>Substantivene bøyes i fem forskjellige <a href="/wiki/Deklinasjon" title="Deklinasjon">deklinasjoner</a>. Adjektivene bøyes i to; den første tilsvarer substantivenes første og andre deklinasjon, den andre tilsvarer substantivenes tredje. Eksempel (<i>puella</i>, «pike»): </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Første_deklinasjon_(vanligvis_hunkjønn)"><span id="F.C3.B8rste_deklinasjon_.28vanligvis_hunkj.C3.B8nn.29"></span>Første deklinasjon (vanligvis hunkjønn)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Rediger avsnitt: Første deklinasjon (vanligvis hunkjønn)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=16" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Første deklinasjon (vanligvis hunkjønn)"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>  </td> <td><b>entall</b> </td> <td><b>flertall</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b>Nominativ</b> </td> <td>puell<b>a</b> </td> <td>puell<b>ae</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b>Vokativ</b> </td> <td>puell<b>a</b> </td> <td>puell<b>ae</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b>Genitiv</b> </td> <td>puell<b>ae</b> </td> <td>puell<b>ārum</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b>Dativ</b> </td> <td>puell<b>ae</b> </td> <td>puell<b>īs</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b>Akkusativ</b> </td> <td>puell<b>am</b> </td> <td>puell<b>ās</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b>Ablativ</b> </td> <td>puell<b>ā</b> </td> <td>puell<b>īs</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Andre_deklinasjon_(han-/intetkjønn)"><span id="Andre_deklinasjon_.28han-.2Fintetkj.C3.B8nn.29"></span>Andre deklinasjon (han-/intetkjønn)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Rediger avsnitt: Andre deklinasjon (han-/intetkjønn)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=17" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Andre deklinasjon (han-/intetkjønn)"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>  </td> <td><b>entall</b> </td> <td><b>flertall</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b>Nominativ</b> </td> <td>serv<b>us</b> </td> <td>serv<b>ī</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b>Vokativ</b> </td> <td>serv<b>e</b> </td> <td>serv<b>ī</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b>Genitiv</b> </td> <td>serv<b>ī</b> </td> <td>serv<b>ōrum</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b>Dativ</b> </td> <td>serv<b>ō</b> </td> <td>serv<b>īs</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b>Akkusativ</b> </td> <td>serv<b>um</b> </td> <td>serv<b>ōs</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b>Ablativ</b> </td> <td>serv<b>ō</b> </td> <td>serv<b>īs</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Tredje_deklinasjon">Tredje deklinasjon</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Rediger avsnitt: Tredje deklinasjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=18" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Tredje deklinasjon"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>  </td> <td><b>entall</b> </td> <td><b>flertall</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b>Nominativ</b> </td> <td>bell<b>um</b> </td> <td>bell<b>a</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b>Vokativ</b> </td> <td>bell<b>um</b> </td> <td>bell<b>a</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b>Genitiv</b> </td> <td>bell<b>ī</b> </td> <td>bell<b>ōrum</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b>Dativ</b> </td> <td>bell<b>ō</b> </td> <td>bell<b>īs</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b>Akkusativ</b> </td> <td>bell<b>um</b> </td> <td>bell<b>a</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right"><b>Ablativ</b> </td> <td>bell<b>ō</b> </td> <td>bell<b>īs</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verbalsystem">Verbalsystem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Rediger avsnitt: Verbalsystem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=19" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Verbalsystem"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Latin har et omfattende verbalsystem. Foruten obligatorisk kongruens i person og tall med setningens subjekt, karakteriseres det latinske finitte verbet av tre trekk: modus, tid og <a href="/wiki/Diatese" title="Diatese">diatese</a>. De tre <a href="/wiki/Grammatisk_modus" title="Grammatisk modus">modi</a> er <a href="/wiki/Indikativ" title="Indikativ">indikativ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konjunktiv" title="Konjunktiv">konjunktiv</a> og <a href="/wiki/Imperativ" title="Imperativ">imperativ</a>. Verbtidene deles som regel i et presenssystem og et perfektumsystem etter hvilken bøyningsstamme som brukes. Presenssystemet inneholder tidene <a href="/wiki/Presens" title="Presens">presens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperfektum" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperfektum">imperfektum</a> og <a href="/wiki/Futurum" title="Futurum">futurum</a>, og perfektumsystemet <a href="/wiki/Perfektum" title="Perfektum">perfektum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pluskvamperfektum" class="mw-redirect" title="Pluskvamperfektum">pluskvamperfektum</a> og <a href="/wiki/Futurum_exactum" class="mw-redirect" title="Futurum exactum">futurum exactum</a>. Diatesene er aktiv og passiv, men passivformene i perfektumsystemet dannes perifrastisk. I tillegg mangler det latinske verbet formene futurum og futurum exactum i konjunktiv, og i imperativ bøyes verbet kun i presens og futurum. </p><p>Av infinitte former har seks verbalsubstantiver og fire verbaladjektiver. Verbaladjektivene er de aktive presens og futurum partisipp, det passive perfektum partisipp, samt gerundiv som har et visst modalt innhold. Av verbalsubstantivene er tre infinitiver (presens aktiv og passiv, og perfektum aktiv). Disse suppleres av perifrastiske former for perfektum passiv og futurum aktiv og passiv, men siden den latinske infinitiven ikke kan bøyes i kasus brukes den såkalte gerundium som suppletiv i de tilfellene hvor man har bruk for infinitiver i en oblik kasus. Til slutt kommer 1. og 2. supinum (språkhistorisk henholdsvis akkusativ og ablativ av et bøyelig verbalsubstantiv etter fjerde deklinasjon). </p><p>De latinske verbene deles som regel inn i fire grupper (konjugasjoner), avhengig av hvordan de bøyes i presenssystemet. Dessverre beskriver ikke denne inndelingen verbformene utenfor presenssystemet særlig godt, så det er tre former man trenger for å beskrive alle formene til et latinsk verb: presens indikativ aktiv, perfektum indikativ aktiv og 1. supinum eller perfektum partisipp nominativ entall hankjønn. Å bøye et verb i disse tre formene kalles gjerne å bøye verbet <i>a verbo</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syntaks">Syntaks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Rediger avsnitt: Syntaks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=20" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Syntaks"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det latinske språks komplekse fleksjonssystem har en sterk innvirkning på setningsoppbygningen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kongruens_(samsvarsbøyning)"><span id="Kongruens_.28samsvarsb.C3.B8yning.29"></span>Kongruens (samsvarsbøyning)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kongruens (samsvarsbøyning)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=21" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kongruens (samsvarsbøyning)"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Et område av språket der bøyningsendelsene spiller en svært viktig rolle er i kongruens (samsvarsbøyning i kjønn, tall og eventuelt kasus). Kongruensen viser hvilke ord "som hører sammen" og er således viktig for å forstå en latinsk setning: Verbalet kongruerer med subjektet, subjektspredikativet kongruerer med subjektet, objektspredikativet med objektet, det påpekende, relative og spørrende pronemen kongruerer med predikativet i tillegg til adjektivets kongruens og apposisjon: </p> <ul><li>Verbalets kongruens: "Brutus Caesarem interfecit" – Brutus drepte Cæsar. "Brutus" er subjektet i setningen og kongruerer med verbalet (3.PS sg.)</li> <li>Subjektspredikativ: "Brutus malus est" – Brutus er slem. "Malus" kongruerer med "Brutus" (Nom. m. sg.)</li> <li>Objektspredikativ: "Is me heredem fecit" – Han gjorde meg til arving. "Heredem" kongruerer med "me" (Akk. m. sg.)</li> <li>Påpekende og relativt pronomen: "Hic est Brutus, qui Caesarem interfecit" – Dette er Brutus, han som drepte Cæsar. "Hic" (påpekende pronomen) kongruerer med "Brutus". "qui" (relativt pronomen) kongruerer med "Brutus" (i kjønn og tall – ikke i kasus).</li> <li>Adjektiv: "Brutus Caesarem calvum interfecit" – Brutus drepte den skallede Cæsar. Adjektivet "calvum" kongruerer med "Caesarem". Legg merke til at adjektivet står i 2. dekl., selv om "Caesar, -aris" er et substantiv i 3. dekl.</li> <li>Apposisjon: "Brutus, senator romanus, Caesarem interfecit" -Brutus, en romersk senator, drepte Cæsar. "senator romanus" er apposisjon til "Brutus" og står i samme kjønn, tall og kasus (Nom., m., sg.).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kasuslære"><span id="Kasusl.C3.A6re"></span>Kasuslære</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kasuslære" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=22" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kasuslære"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>(Eitrem, S.: <i>Latinsk grammatikk</i>, 3. utgave ved Tosterud B. og Kraggerud E., Aschehoug 2006) </p><p>Latin har som nevnt seks kasus: Nominativ (og vokativ) kalles ofte <i>casus rectus</i> (den rette kasus), de andre <i>casus obliqui</i> (de skjeve kasus): Akkusativ, genitiv, dativ og ablativ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nominativ">Nominativ</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Rediger avsnitt: Nominativ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=23" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Nominativ"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Subjektet i setningen står i denne kasusen. Predikativer for blant andre disse verbene står også i nominativ: <i>esse</i> (være), <i>fieri</i> (bli, gjøres til), <i>videri</i> (synes å være), <i>haberi</i> (regnes som) <i>creari</i> (velges til): </p> <ul><li><i>Gaius senator est</i> – Gaius er senator. Subjektet Gaius står i nominativ.</li> <li><i>Numa rex creatus est</i> – Numa ble valgt til konge. <i>rex</i> står i nominativ fordi det er predikativ til Numa (S. i nom.).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vokativ">Vokativ</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Rediger avsnitt: Vokativ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=24" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Vokativ"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Denne kasusen brukes bare i tiltale og utrop, og omfatter stort sett hankjønnsord i 2. dekl og noen pronomen og adjektiver. </p> <ul><li><i>Et tu, mi fili Brute</i> – «Også du, min sønn Brutus». Her står de tre ordene etter komma alle i vokativ, fordi Brutus blir tiltalt.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Akkusativ">Akkusativ</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Rediger avsnitt: Akkusativ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=25" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Akkusativ"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Denne kasusen brukes i langt flere sammenhenger enn nominativ og vokativ, og er én av de oblike kasusene. Foruten at akkusativ står sammen med en rekke preposisjoner, brukes den for å markere det direkte objekt, indre objekt, objektspredikativ, mål og retning, den brukes i konstruksjoner med upersonlige verb og i enkelte adverbielle sammenhenger: </p> <ul><li><b>Direkte objekt</b>: <i>Librum lego</i> – Jeg leser en bok/boken. <i>Librum</i> står i akkusativ fordi det er direkte objekt for verbet <i>legere</i>.</li> <li><b>Indre objekt</b>: <i>Vitam felicem vivere</i> – Å leve et lykkelig liv. Indre objekter brukes ved intransitive verb og substantivet har samme stamme (eller lignenede betydning) som verbet. Denne type konstruksjon brukes for øvrig til å avgrense eller bestemme verbet nærmere.</li> <li><b>Upersonlige verb</b>: <i>Miseret me. Piget me</i> – Jeg ynkes over/synes synd på. Du ergrer meg. – <i>Me</i> (i akkusativ) brukes ved noen upersonlige verb som uttrykker følelse. Personobjektet blir da den som logisk sett «utfører handlingen».</li> <li><b>Objektspredikativ</b>: <i>Me regem fecit</i> – Han gjorde meg til konge. – Både <i>me</i> og <i>regem</i> står i akkusativ. <i>regem</i> er objektspredikativ for <i>me</i>, som er direkte objekt for verbet <i>fecit</i>.</li> <li><b>Målets akkusativ</b>: Her brukes akkusativ for å angi lengde, høyde, bredde, dybde og avstand. Den kan også brukes for å angi tidsvarighet og alder: <i>Hasta sex pedes longa</i> – «En lanse seks fot lang». <i>sex pedes</i> står i akkusativ og angir lengde. <i>Troia decem annos oppugnata est</i> – <a href="/wiki/Troja" title="Troja">Troja</a> ble beleiret i ti år. – <i>decem annos</i> står i akkusativ og angir tidsvarighet.</li> <li><b>Retningens akkusativ</b>: Her brukes akkusativ i tilstedsbetydning ved bevegelsesverb. Den brukes særlig ved navn på byer og mindre øyer: <i>Domum ire</i> – gå hjem. <i>Domum</i> står i akkusativ og har tilstedsbetydning. <i>Romam et Delum proficisci</i> – Å dra til Roma og <a href="/wiki/Delos" class="mw-redirect" title="Delos">Delos</a>. <i>Romam</i> og <i>Delum</i> står begge i akkusativ og betegner retning. <i>Romam</i> er by og <i>Delum</i> går under «mindre øy».</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Genitiv">Genitiv</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Rediger avsnitt: Genitiv" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=26" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Genitiv"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Genitiv brukes til å bestemme et substantiv nærmere og til å angi samhørighet mellom substantiver. Den latinske genitiven har langt flere bruksområder en norsk genitivs-s: </p> <ul><li><b> Eiendomsgenitiv</b>: <i>Villa Ciceronis</i> – Ciceros gård. Genitiv viser her et tilhørighetsforhold i vid forstand, og angir den eller det som noe tilhører.</li> <li><b>Definerende genitiv</b>: <i>Arbor fici</i> – fikentre. <i>Poena mortis</i> – <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B8dsstraff" title="Dødsstraff">dødsstraff</a>. <i>Ars scribendi</i> – kunsten å skrive, skrivekunst. Denne genitiven brukes for å spesialisere mer generelle begreper: Trær – type «fiken», straff – type «død» osv.</li> <li><b>Objektsgenitiv</b>: <i>Amor patriae</i> – fedrelandskjærlighet (kjærlighet til fedrelandet). <i>Studium philosophiae</i> – filosofistudiet (studiet av filosofi). Objektsgenitiv betegner objektet for handlingen som ligger i substantivet (jfr. vanlig setning, der genitiven ville ha vært direkte objekt: <i>patriam amo</i>). Objektsgenitiv brukes svært sjelden i norsk.</li></ul> <p>Partitiv genitiv: <i>Pars militum</i> – en del av soldatene. <i>Quod novi?</i> – Hva nytt? Partitiv genitiv angir det det er en viss mengde av. </p> <ul><li><b>Beskrivende genitiv</b>: <i>Femina magnae prudentiae</i> – en meget klok kvinne (en kvinne av stor klokskap). Beskrivende genitiv består alltid av et substantiv og et adjektiv i genitiv som føyes til hovedordet.</li> <li><b>Genitiv ved adjektiv</b>: Genitiv brukes ved adjektiver som betegner begjær etter, interesse for, kunnskap om, erindring om, makt over og delaktighet i noe, i tillegg til det motsatte av alle disse: <i>Cupidus belli</i> – stridslysten (begjær etter noe). <i>Memor benificii</i> – En som husker en velgjerning (erindring om noe). Genitiv brukes også etter adjektivene <i>proprius</i> (tilhørende, eiendommelig for), <i>communis</i> (felles for), <i>sacer</i> (viet til) m. fl.: <i>Templum sacrum Iunonis</i> – et tempel viet <a href="/wiki/Juno" title="Juno">Juno</a>. <i>Virtus propria populi Romani</i> – en dyd egen [for] det romerske folk.</li> <li><b>Genitiv ved verb</b>: Genitiv kan stå adnominalt, men og predikativt til verbene <i>esse</i>, <i>fieri</i> og <i>facere</i>: <i>Villa est Ciceronis</i> – gården tilhører Cicero. <i>Villa facta est Ciceronis</i> – gården ble Ciceros. <i>Militis est parere</i> – Det er en soldats plikt å adlyde. Genitiv brukes også ved <i>interest</i> og <i>refert</i> (det er i ens interesse, av betydning for en): <i>Romanorum interest</i> – Det er i romernes interesse.</li> <li><b>Prisens genitiv</b>: Den ubestemte verdien settes i genitiv (bestemt pris i ablativ) ved disse verbene: <i>aestimare</i>, <i>ducere</i>, <i>facere</i> og <i>habere</i>: "Aestimare nihili" – Ikke regne for noe verd.</li> <li><b>Genitiv ved rettsverb</b>: Genitiv brukes om det en er skyldig i, dømt for, siktet for osv (jfr. tysk). Genitiv brukes ved rettsverbene <i>accusare</i> (anklage for), <i>arcessere</i> (innstevne for), <i>convincere</i> (finne skyldig i), <i>damnare/condemnare</i> (dømme skyldig i), <i>absolvere</i> (frikjenne for). Personen settes i akkusativ og forbrytelsen, forseelsen etc. settes i genitiv: "Accusatus est proditionis" – Han ble anklaget for forræderi. "Absolata furti" – Hun ble frikjent for tyveri.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dativ">Dativ</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Rediger avsnitt: Dativ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=27" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Dativ"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kasusen dativ har i vid forstand den hensikt å angi at noe er til interesse eller fordel for noen, eller motsatt – til skade eller ulempe for noen: </p> <ul><li><b>Dativ om hensynsledd</b>: "Non scholae, sed vitae discimus" – Vi lærer ikke for skolens skyld, men for livets. Her er <i>scholae</i> og <i>vitae</i> hensynsledd – det er disse handlingen skjer til fordel/ulempe for – og settes i dativ (1. dekl.).</li> <li><b>Eiendomsdativ</b>: "Liber mihi est" – Jeg har en bok. I eiendomsdativ har hensynsleddet (<i>mihi</i>) gått over til et eiendomsforhold, og settes i dativ.</li> <li><b>Dativ ved transitive verb</b>: "Mater librum filio dat" – Moren gir sønnen en bok. Dativ brukes for å markere det indirekte objekt i setninger med transitive verb (<i>dat</i> betyr "gir" og herfra er navnet "dativ" avledet). Også i passivie setninger settes det indirekte objektet i dativ: <i>Liber filio (a matre) datur</i> – Boken gis til [morens] sønn.</li> <li><b>Dativ ved intransitive verb</b>: <i>Nocere hosti</i> – skade fienden. <i>Nobis parcitur</i> – Vi skånes. Ved intransitive verb som betyr «gagne» eller «skade», settes hensynsleddet i dativ. Mange av disse verbene er transitive på norsk. Her er noen av dem: <i>irasci</i> – være sint på, <i>parcere</i> – skåne, <i>cedere</i> – vike for, <i>confidere</i> – stole på, <i>credere</i> – tro på, og de upersonlige verbene <i>licet</i> – det er tillatt, og <i>accidit</i> – det skjer. De aller fleste av disse verbene er transitive på norsk.</li> <li><b>Dativ ved adjektiv</b>: <i>Res tibi facilis et nobis utilis</i> – en sak som er lett for deg og nyttig for oss. Dativ styres av en del adjektiver som betegner vennlig og uvennlig forhold, likhet og ulikhet, nytte og unytte, sliktskap, nærhet o.l.</li> <li><b>Dativ om handlende person i passiv (Dativ som agens)</b>: <i>Litterae tibi scribendae sunt</i> – Brevet bør skrives av deg. – Spesielt i gerundivkonstruskjoner brukes dativ for å uttrykke hvem den handlende i setningen er.</li> <li><b>Final dativ</b>: <i>Caesar duas legiones suis auxilio misit</i> – Cæsar sendte sine menn to legioner som hjelp. <i>Esse auxilio alcui</i> – Vær til hjelp for noen. Final dativ betegner hensikt og resultat og brukes stort sett bare ved <i>esse</i> og verb som uttrykker bevegelse.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ablativ">Ablativ</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Rediger avsnitt: Ablativ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=28" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ablativ"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boilerplate metadata seksjonstubb" id="stub"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/35px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/53px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/70px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span> <i>Denne seksjonen er en <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spire" title="Wikipedia:Spire">spire</a>. Du kan <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit">bidra</a> med å utvide den</span>.</i></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksempeltekst">Eksempeltekst</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksempeltekst" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=29" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksempeltekst"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fra <a href="/wiki/Julius_C%C3%A6sar" title="Julius Cæsar">Cæsars</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Commentarii_de_Bello_Gallico" title="Commentarii de Bello Gallico">Commentarii de Bello Gallico</a></i>: <i>Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur. Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt. Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit. Horum omnium fortissimi sunt Belgae, propterea quod a cultu atque humanitate provinciae longissime absunt, minimeque ad eos mercatores saepe commeant atque ea quae ad effeminandos animos pertinent important, proximique sunt Germanis, qui trans Rhenum incolunt, quibuscum continenter bellum gerunt.</i> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gallia" title="Gallia">Gallia</a> er delt i tre deler. I den ene bor belgierne, i en annen aquitanerne, og i den tredje de som kalles <a href="/wiki/Keltere" title="Keltere">keltere</a> på sitt eget språk, <a href="/wiki/Galler" class="mw-redirect" title="Galler">gallerne</a> på vårt eget. Disse skiller seg fra hverandre med hensyn til språk, skikker og lover. Elven <a href="/wiki/Garonne" title="Garonne">Garonne</a> skiller gallerne fra aquitanerne, <a href="/wiki/Marne" title="Marne">Marne</a> og <a href="/wiki/Seine" class="mw-redirect" title="Seine">Seine</a> fra belgierne. Av disse er belgierne de sterkeste, på grunn av at de er lengst fra provinsens menneskelighet og stas, at handelsmenn sjelden kommer til dem og importerer det som fører til at ånden blir kvinneliggjort, og at de er nærmest <a href="/wiki/Germaner" class="mw-redirect" title="Germaner">germanerne</a>, som bor på andre siden av <a href="/wiki/Rhinen" title="Rhinen">Rhinen</a>, og som de fører uavbrutt krig med. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=30" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-8b7ae698ec1a1ca7d231313a7ceb749d018714d3-v2-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-8b7ae698ec1a1ca7d231313a7ceb749d018714d3-v2_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scriptsource.org/country/VA">«ScriptSource - Vatican State»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 21. august 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ALatin&rft.btitle=ScriptSource+-+Vatican+State&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscriptsource.org%2Fcountry%2FVA&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Lazio">«Lazio», <i>Britannica</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Leo Hjortsø: <i>Rom</i> (s. 13), Gads forlag, København 1969</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Vibeke_Roggen" title="Vibeke Roggen">Vibeke Roggen</a> m.fl.: <i>Antikkens kultur</i> (s. 184-5), forlaget Aschehoug, Oslo 2010, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9788203337437" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-82-03-33743-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Vibeke Roggen m.fl.: <i>Antikkens kultur</i> (s. 185)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/basilica-san-clemente-fresco">Fresken i 400-tallskirken</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Vibeke Roggen: «Latin – fortsatt god latin?», <i>Gobelin Europa</i> (s. 74-5), forlaget Sypress, Oslo 1995, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8291224129" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 82-91224-12-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Peter Zeeberg, <a href="/wiki/Det_Danske_Sprog-_og_Litteraturselskab" title="Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab">Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab</a>: «De lærdes modersmål», <i><a href="/wiki/Skalk_(tidsskrift)" title="Skalk (tidsskrift)">Skalk</a></i> august 2022 (s. 20-21)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Minna Skafte Jensen: «Jens Beldenak», <i>Renæssancen i svøb</i> (s. 151), Syddansk universitetsforlag, Odense 2008, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9788776743604" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-87-7674-360-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wordsense.eu/praesul/">Betydningen av <i>præsul</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Minna Skafte Jensen: «Jens Beldenak», <i>Renæssancen i svøb</i> (s. 162)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Vibeke Roggen: «Latin – fortsatt god latin?», <i>Gobelin Europa</i> (s. 76-7)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-legend-lives-forever-in-latin-elvis-songs-sung-in-latin-mw0000179055">Elvis Presley på latin</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://jlong1.sites.luc.edu/L101pron.htm">https://jlong1.sites.luc.edu/L101pron.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/45272121.pdf">https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/45272121.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3DH">http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3DH</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Vox Latina</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=31" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romerske_konged%C3%B8mme" class="mw-redirect" title="Romerske kongedømme">Romerske kongedømme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romerske_republikk" class="mw-redirect" title="Romerske republikk">Romerske republikk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romerriket" title="Romerriket">Romerriket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latinsk_alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinsk alfabet">Det latinske alfabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latinsk_litteratur" title="Latinsk litteratur">Latinsk litteratur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_over_latinske_uttrykk_brukt_i_norsk" title="Liste over latinske uttrykk brukt i norsk">Liste over latinske uttrykk brukt i norsk</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=32" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vibeke_Roggen" title="Vibeke Roggen">Vibeke Roggen</a> m.fl. <i>Omnibus</i> innføringskurs i Latin for NRK og NKS, omfatter <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2009031804210">Tekstbok</a> og <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2010032305013">arbeidsbok</a> 1996 <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9788203322013" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9788203322013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samson_Eitrem" title="Samson Eitrem">Samson Eitrem</a> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2008032504014">Latinsk grammatikk</a></i> 1. utgave 1926, 3. utvidet utgave 1996 <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8203322514" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 82-03-32251-4</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=33" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: all; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9; width: 200px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="http://wikipedia.org/"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/50px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/75px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/100px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 70px;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> på <b><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="la:">latin</a></b></div> </div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikiquote" title="Wikiquote">Wikiquote</a>: <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/no:Special:Search/Latin" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:no:Special:Search/Latin">Latin</a> – sitater </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Generelle">Generelle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Rediger avsnitt: Generelle" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=34" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Generelle"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net">Ephemeris</a> Nuntii Latini universi.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/">The Perseus Project</a> har mange nyttige sider for studie av klassisk språk og litteratur, blant annet:</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/resolveform?lang=Latin">En interaktiv latinsk ordbok</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/morphindex?lang=la">Denne siden kan analysere latinske ord for kjønn og kasus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=LTN">Ethnologue report for Latin</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Latin/resources.html">Other Latin Resources on the Web</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uttale,_mening_og_staving"><span id="Uttale.2C_mening_og_staving"></span>Uttale, mening og staving</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Rediger avsnitt: Uttale, mening og staving" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=35" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Uttale, mening og staving"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://roundrobin2001.0catch.com/audio.html">Botanical Pronunciations and References</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040224220500/http://roundrobin2001.0catch.com/audio.html">Arkivert</a> 24. februar 2004 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Sitat: «... The following sites provide audio files (sound files) you can click on to hear the pronounciation of the botanical/Latin name of a plant or terminology. Feel free to link to this page for future reference …»</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19991009021257/http://members.aol.com/stlmetros/latin.html">American Guild of Organists, Pronunciation of Church Latin</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031206024521/http://home.tiscali.be/mauk.haemers/collegium_latinum/pronounce.htm">Latin pronunciation, by Gn. Dionysius Scorpio Invictus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malmoea.com/junebug/latin/writing&pronounciation.html">Latin Writing and Pronunciation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130908064147/http://www.mchportal.com/fishkeeping-mainmenu-60/treasure-chest-mainmenu-84/53-treasure-chest/483-scientific-names-how-do-they-work.html"><i>Scientific Names: How do they work?</i> by Francesco Zezza</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://courses.washington.edu/insects/445Students/Methods/Pronounciation.htm">Spelling, Pronunciation, and Meaning of Scientific Names</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malawicichlidhomepage.com/aquainfo/greek_pronounce.html">Pronunciation and spelling of scientific names, An article by Kalliope K. Bechraki and Andreas I. Iliopoulos</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030415215740/http://www.malawicichlidhomepage.com/aquainfo/greek_pronounce.html">Arkivert</a> 15. april 2003 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kurs">Kurs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kurs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=36" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kurs"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040214174858/http://www.sprachprofi.de.vu/latin">Free online course in Latin</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031210033023/http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/%7Edcramer/506dec.htm">David Cramer: Latin 506 Correspondence</a></li> <li>* <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031203093416/http://www.utexas.edu/courses/cc303/sounds/">The Pronunciation of Latin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ordbøker"><span id="Ordb.C3.B8ker"></span>Ordbøker</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Rediger avsnitt: Ordbøker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin&action=edit&section=37" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ordbøker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humanum.arts.cuhk.edu.hk/Lexis/Latin/">Latinsk–engelsk ordbok</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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språkhistorie"><abbr title="Vis denne malen">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldiskusjon:Latinsk_spr%C3%A5khistorie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maldiskusjon:Latinsk språkhistorie (ikke skrevet ennå)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Rediger_side/Mal:Latinsk_spr%C3%A5khistorie" title="Spesial:Rediger side/Mal:Latinsk språkhistorie"><abbr title="Rediger denne malen">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Latinsk_språkhistorie" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Latinsk språkhistorie</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><table align="center"><tbody><tr><td><i>—75 f. Kr.</i>   </td><td><i>75 f. Kr. – 1. årh.</i>   </td><td><i>2. årh. – 8. årh.</i>   </td><td><i>9. årh. – 15. årh.</i>   </td><td><i>15. årh. – 17. årh.</i>   </td><td><i>17. årh. – nåtiden</i></td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gammellatin" title="Gammellatin">Gammellatin</a>   </td><td><a href="/wiki/Klassisk_latin" title="Klassisk latin">Klassisk latin</a>   </td><td><a href="/wiki/Senlatin" title="Senlatin">Senlatin</a>   </td><td><a href="/wiki/Middelalderlatin" title="Middelalderlatin">Middelalderlatin</a>   </td><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renessanselatin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renessanselatin (ikke skrevet ennå)">Renessanselatin</a>   </td><td><a href="/wiki/Nylatin" title="Nylatin">Nylatin</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Autoritetsdata" title="Hjelp:Autoritetsdata">Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/latin">Store norske leksikon</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/latin_-_latinundervisning_i_Norge">Store norske leksikon</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/latin">Store Danske Encyklopædi</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Latin-language">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/lateinische-sprache">Brockhaus Enzyklopädie</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/latein">Brockhaus Enzyklopädie</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/latines-langue-et-litterature-la-langue/">Encyclopædia Universalis</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4114364-4">GND</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85074944">LCCN</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11935508t">BNF</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11935508t">BNF (data)</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/011197">HDS</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569314">NDL</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph122187">NKC</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX526920">BNE</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/things/ea06e101-89f8-4dc6-a4b4-28a2e3a2c15f">BBC Things</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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