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aria-controls="toc-Organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organization subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Places" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Places"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>National Places</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Places-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_stations_and_research_work_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_stations_and_research_work_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Research stations and research work units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_stations_and_research_work_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Forest_or_Grassland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Forest_or_Grassland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>National Forest or Grassland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Forest_or_Grassland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ranger_District" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ranger_District"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Ranger District</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ranger_District-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Major divisions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Major_divisions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Major divisions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Major_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Law_Enforcement_&_Investigations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_Enforcement_&_Investigations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Law Enforcement & Investigations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_Enforcement_&_Investigations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Forest_System" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Forest_System"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>National Forest System</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Forest_System-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State,_Private_and_Tribal_Forestry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State,_Private_and_Tribal_Forestry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>State, Private and Tribal Forestry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State,_Private_and_Tribal_Forestry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_and_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_and_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Research and development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>International programs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Responses_to_environmental_challenges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Responses_to_environmental_challenges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Responses to environmental challenges</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Responses_to_environmental_challenges-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Responses to environmental challenges subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Responses_to_environmental_challenges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fighting_fires" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fighting_fires"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Fighting fires</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fighting_fires-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate_adaptation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_adaptation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Climate adaptation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_adaptation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carbon_capture_and_storage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carbon_capture_and_storage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Carbon capture and storage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carbon_capture_and_storage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budget" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budget"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Budget</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Budget-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notable members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>History sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Forest Service</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="دائرة الغابات في الولايات المتحدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دائرة الغابات في الولايات المتحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Горска служба на Съединените щати – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Горска служба на Съединените щати" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="United States Forest Service" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="United States Forest Service" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servicio_Forestal_de_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Servicio Forestal de los Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Servicio Forestal de los Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usona_Arbara_Agentejo" title="Usona Arbara Agentejo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Usona Arbara Agentejo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuetako_Baso_Zerbitzua" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Baso Zerbitzua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Baso Zerbitzua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="سازمان جنگل‌داری ایالات متحده آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سازمان جنگل‌داری ایالات متحده آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_des_for%C3%AAts_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Service des forêts des États-Unis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Service des forêts des États-Unis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="United States Forest Service" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinas_Kehutanan_Amerika_Serikat" title="Dinas Kehutanan Amerika Serikat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dinas Kehutanan Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="United States Forest Service" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="שירות היערות של ארצות הברית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שירות היערות של ארצות הברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ് ഫോറസ്റ്റ് സർവ്വീസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ് ഫോറസ്റ്റ് സർവ്വീസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="United States Forest Service" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Forest_Service" title="U.S. Forest Service – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="U.S. Forest Service" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="United States Forest Service" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servi%C3%A7o_Florestal_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Serviço Florestal dos Estados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Serviço Florestal dos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="United States Forest Service" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="United States Forest Service" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri_Orman_Servisi" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Orman Servisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Orman Servisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Служба лісу США – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Служба лісу США" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a division of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a>. For agriculture extensions in general, see <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_extension" title="Agricultural extension">Agricultural extension</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"USFS" redirects here. For the figure skating organization, see <a href="/wiki/U.S._Figure_Skating" title="U.S. Figure Skating">U.S. Figure Skating</a>. For the other U.S. Government branch, see <a href="/wiki/United_States_Foreign_Service" title="United States Foreign Service">United States Foreign Service</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">United States Forest Service</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_United_States_Forest_Service.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Logo_of_the_United_States_Forest_Service.svg/175px-Logo_of_the_United_States_Forest_Service.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Logo_of_the_United_States_Forest_Service.svg/263px-Logo_of_the_United_States_Forest_Service.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Logo_of_the_United_States_Forest_Service.svg/350px-Logo_of_the_United_States_Forest_Service.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="664" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Logo of the U.S. Forest Service</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_Forest_Service.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_the_United_States_Forest_Service.svg/195px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Forest_Service.svg.png" decoding="async" width="195" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_the_United_States_Forest_Service.svg/293px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Forest_Service.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_the_United_States_Forest_Service.svg/390px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Forest_Service.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="614" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Flag of the U.S. Forest Service</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">February 1, 1905<span class="noprint">; 119 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1905-02-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceding agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Bureau of Forestry</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal government of the United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Yates_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidney Yates Building">Sidney R. Yates Building</a><br />1400 <a href="/wiki/Independence_Avenue_(Washington_D.C.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Avenue (Washington D.C.)">Independence Ave</a> SW<br /><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>c. 35,000 (<a href="/wiki/Fiscal_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiscal Year">FY</a> 2016)<sup id="cite_ref-budget2016_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-budget2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>28,330 permanent</li> <li>4,488 seasonal (FY 2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$5.384 billion (additionally, $2.04 billion for wildfire adjustment) (FY 2021)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Minister responsible</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Homer_Wilkes" title="Homer Wilkes">Homer Wilkes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Agriculture_for_Natural_Resources_and_Environment" title="Under Secretary of Agriculture for Natural Resources and Environment">Under Secretary of Agriculture for Natural Resources and Environment</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Randy_Moore_(forester)" title="Randy Moore (forester)">Randy Moore</a><sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Chief</li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angela_Coleman_(forester)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angela Coleman (forester) (page does not exist)">Angela Coleman</a><sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Associate Chief</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">U.S. Department of Agriculture</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fs.usda.gov">fs<wbr />.usda<wbr />.gov</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Footnotes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><sup id="cite_ref-chief_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chief-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>United States Forest Service</b> (<b>USFS</b>) is an agency within the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">U.S. Department of Agriculture</a> that administers the nation's 154 <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Forest">national forests</a> and 20 <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Grassland" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Grassland">national grasslands</a> covering 193 million acres (780,000 km<sup>2</sup>) of land.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The major divisions of the agency are the Chief's Office, National Forest System, State and Private Forestry, Business Operations, as well as Research and Development.<sup id="cite_ref-organization_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-organization-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agency manages about 25% of <a href="/wiki/Federal_lands" title="Federal lands">federal lands</a> and is the sole major national land management agency not part of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">U.S. Department of the Interior</a><sup id="cite_ref-gao.gov_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gao.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (which manages the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land Management</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Forest_Service" title="History of the United States Forest Service">History of the United States Forest Service</a></div> <p>The concept of national forests was born from <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>'s conservation group, <a href="/wiki/Boone_and_Crockett_Club" title="Boone and Crockett Club">Boone and Crockett Club</a>, due to concerns regarding <a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone National Park</a> beginning as early as 1875.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1876, Congress formed the office of Special Agent in the Department of Agriculture to assess the quality and conditions of forests in the United States. <a href="/wiki/Franklin_B._Hough" title="Franklin B. Hough">Franklin B. Hough</a> was appointed the head of the office. In 1881, the office was expanded into the newly formed <b>Division of Forestry</b>. The <a href="/wiki/Forest_Reserve_Act_of_1891" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest Reserve Act of 1891">Forest Reserve Act of 1891</a> authorized withdrawing land from the public domain as forest reserves managed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Department of the Interior</a>. In 1901, the Division of Forestry was renamed the <b>Bureau of Forestry</b>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Transfer_Act_of_1905" title="Transfer Act of 1905">Transfer Act of 1905</a> transferred the management of forest reserves from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_General_Land_Office" title="United States General Land Office">United States General Land Office</a> of the Interior Department to the Bureau of Forestry, henceforth known as the <b>United States Forest Service</b>. <a href="/wiki/Gifford_Pinchot" title="Gifford Pinchot">Gifford Pinchot</a> was the first <a href="/wiki/United_States_Chief_Foresters" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Chief Foresters">United States Chief Forester</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt">Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A historical note to include is that the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> was created in 1916 to manage Yellowstone and several other parks; in 1956, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">Fish and Wildlife Service</a> became the manager of lands reserved for wildlife. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Grazing_Service" title="United States Grazing Service">Grazing Service</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_General_Land_Office" title="United States General Land Office">United States General Land Office</a> were combined to create the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land Management</a> in 1946. Also of note was that it was not until 1976 that the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Land_Policy_and_Management_Act_of_1976" title="Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976">Federal Land Policy and Management Act</a> became the national policy for retaining public land for federal ownership.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Significant federal legislation affecting the Forest Service includes the <a href="/wiki/Weeks_Act" title="Weeks Act">Weeks Act</a> of 1911, the <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Grazing_Act_of_1934" title="Taylor Grazing Act of 1934">Taylor Grazing Act of 1934</a>, P.L. 73-482; the <a href="/wiki/Multiple_Use_%E2%80%93_Sustained_Yield_Act_of_1960" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiple Use – Sustained Yield Act of 1960">Multiple Use – Sustained Yield Act of 1960</a>, P.L. 86-517; the <a href="/wiki/Wilderness_Act" title="Wilderness Act">Wilderness Act</a>, P.L. 88-577; the <a href="/wiki/National_Forest_Management_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="National Forest Management Act">National Forest Management Act</a>, P.L. 94-588; the <a href="/wiki/National_Environmental_Policy_Act" title="National Environmental Policy Act">National Environmental Policy Act</a>, P.L. 91–190; the <a href="/wiki/Cooperative_Forestry_Assistance_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act">Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act</a>, P.L. 95-313; and the <a href="/wiki/Forest_and_Rangelands_Renewable_Resources_Planning_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest and Rangelands Renewable Resources Planning Act">Forest and Rangelands Renewable Resources Planning Act</a>, P.L. 95-307.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the early 1900s to the present, there has been a fierce rivalry over control of forests between the Department of Agriculture and the Department of the Interior. Their roles overlap but numerous proposals to combine the two have failed.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most recently, in 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Government Accountability Office</a> (GAO) evaluated whether the Forest Service should be moved from the Department of Agriculture to the Department of the Interior, which already manages some 438 million acres (1,770,000 km<sup>2</sup>) of public land through the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">Fish and Wildlife Service</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land Management</a>. GAO ultimately did not offer a recommendation upon the conclusion of its <a href="/wiki/Government_performance_auditing" title="Government performance auditing">performance audit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Forest Service remains a part of the USDA. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_federal_land.agencies.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/US_federal_land.agencies.svg/260px-US_federal_land.agencies.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/US_federal_land.agencies.svg/390px-US_federal_land.agencies.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/US_federal_land.agencies.svg/520px-US_federal_land.agencies.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="765" /></a><figcaption>Map of all <a href="/wiki/Federal_lands" title="Federal lands">federally owned land</a> in the United States. The green represents the Forest Service.</figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2019, FY 2020 Forest Service total budget authority is $5.14 billion, a decrease of $815 million from 2019. The budget includes $2.4 billion for Wildland Fire Management, a decrease of $530 million from the 2019 Annualized Continuing Resolution because the "fire fix" cap adjustment becomes available in FY 2020, while the FY 2019 Annualized Continuing Resolution includes $500 million above the base as bridge to the first year of the fire fix.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Forest Service, headquartered in Washington, D.C., has 27,062 permanent, full-time employees as of Sept. 20, 2018, including 541 in the headquarters office and 26,521 in regional and field office.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The USDA Forest Service's mission is to sustain the health, diversity, and productivity of the Nation's forests and grasslands to meet the needs of present and future generations.<sup id="cite_ref-overview_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-overview-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its motto is "Caring for the land and serving people." </p><p>As the lead federal agency in natural resource conservation, the Forest Service provides leadership in the protection, management, and use of the nation's forest, rangeland, and aquatic ecosystems. The agency's <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem_management" title="Ecosystem management">ecosystem approach to management</a> integrates ecological, economic, and social factors to maintain and enhance the quality of the environment to meet current and future needs. Through implementation of land and resource management plans, the agency ensures sustainable ecosystems by restoring and maintaining species diversity and ecological productivity that helps provide recreation, water, timber, minerals, fish, wildlife, wilderness, and aesthetic values for current and future generations of people.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The everyday work of the Forest Service balances resource extraction, resource protection, and providing recreation. The work includes managing 193 million acres (780,000 km<sup>2</sup>) of national forest and grasslands, including 59 million acres (240,000 km<sup>2</sup>) of <a href="/wiki/Inventoried_roadless_area" title="Inventoried roadless area">roadless areas</a>; 14,077 recreation sites; 143,346 miles (230,693 km) of trails; 374,883 miles (603,316 km) of roads; and the harvesting of 1.5 billion trees per year.<sup id="cite_ref-overview_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-overview-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, the Forest Service fought fires on 2.996 million acres (12,120 km<sup>2</sup>) of land in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-overview_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-overview-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Forest Service organization includes ranger districts, national forests, regions, research stations and research work units and the Northeastern Area Office for State and Private Forestry. Each level has responsibility for a variety of functions.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Places">National Places</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: National Places"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chief of the Forest Service is a career federal employee who oversees the agency. The Chief reports to the Under Secretary for Natural Resources and Environment in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, an appointee of the President confirmed by the Senate. The Chief's staff provides broad policy and direction for the agency, works with the Administration to develop a budget to submit to Congress, provides information to Congress on accomplishments, and monitors activities of the agency. There are five deputy chiefs for the following areas: National Forest System, State and Private Forestry, Research and Development, Business Operations, and Finance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research_stations_and_research_work_units">Research stations and research work units</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Research stations and research work units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Forest_Products_Lab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/U.S._Forest_Products_Lab.jpg/220px-U.S._Forest_Products_Lab.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/U.S._Forest_Products_Lab.jpg/330px-U.S._Forest_Products_Lab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/U.S._Forest_Products_Lab.jpg/440px-U.S._Forest_Products_Lab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>The Forest Products Laboratory, in <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison, Wisconsin</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Forest Service Research and Development deputy area includes five research stations, the <a href="/wiki/Forest_Products_Laboratory" title="Forest Products Laboratory">Forest Products Laboratory</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_of_Tropical_Forestry" title="International Institute of Tropical Forestry">International Institute of Tropical Forestry</a>, in Puerto Rico. Station directors, like regional foresters, report to the Chief. Research stations include Northern, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Southwest, <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_Research_Station" title="Rocky Mountain Research Station">Rocky Mountain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Research_Station" title="Southern Research Station">Southern</a>. There are 92 research work units located at 67 sites throughout the United States. there are 80 Experimental Forests and Ranges that have been established progressively since 1908; many sites are more than 50 years old. The system provides places for long-term science and management studies in major vegetation types of the 195 million acres (790,000 km<sup>2</sup>) of public land administered by the Forest Service. Individual sites range from 47 to 22,500 ha in size. </p><p>Operations of Experimental Forests and Ranges are directed by local research teams for the individual sites, by Research Stations for the regions in which they are located, and at the level of the Forest Service. </p><p>Major themes in research at the Experimental Forests and Ranges includes: develop of systems for managing and restoring forests, range lands, and watersheds; investigate the workings of forest and stream ecosystems; characterize plant and animal communities; observe and interpret long-term environmental change and many other themes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regions">Regions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Forest_Service_Regions_1-10.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/United_States_Forest_Service_Regions_1-10.svg/300px-United_States_Forest_Service_Regions_1-10.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/United_States_Forest_Service_Regions_1-10.svg/450px-United_States_Forest_Service_Regions_1-10.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/United_States_Forest_Service_Regions_1-10.svg/600px-United_States_Forest_Service_Regions_1-10.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="325" /></a><figcaption>Map of the nine regions</figcaption></figure> <p>There are nine regions in the Forest Service; numbered 1 through 10 (Region 7 was eliminated in 1965 when the current Eastern Region was created from the former Eastern and North Central regions.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ). Each encompasses a broad geographic area and is headed by a regional forester who reports directly to the Chief. The regional forester has broad responsibility for coordinating activities among the various forests within the region, for providing overall leadership for regional natural resource and social programs, and for coordinated regional land use planning. </p> <ul><li><b>Northern</b>: based in <a href="/wiki/Missoula,_Montana" title="Missoula, Montana">Missoula, Montana</a>, the Northern Region (R1) covers six states (Montana, Northern Idaho, North Dakota, Northwestern South Dakota, Northeast Washington, and Northwest Wyoming), twelve National Forests and one National Grassland.</li> <li><b>Rocky Mountain</b>: based in <a href="/wiki/Golden,_Colorado" title="Golden, Colorado">Golden, Colorado</a>, the Rocky Mountain Region (R2) covers five states (Colorado, Nebraska, Kansas and most of Wyoming and South Dakota), sixteen National Forests and seven National Grasslands.</li> <li><b>Southwestern</b>: based in <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a>, the Southwestern Region (R3) covers two states (New Mexico and Arizona) and eleven National Forests.</li></ul> <p><span class="anchor" id="Region_4"></span> </p> <ul><li><b>Intermountain</b>: based in <a href="/wiki/Ogden,_Utah" title="Ogden, Utah">Ogden, Utah</a>, the Intermountain Region (R4) covers four states (Southern Idaho, Nevada, Utah and Western Wyoming), twelve national forests.</li> <li><b>Pacific Southwest</b>: based in <a href="/wiki/Vallejo,_California" title="Vallejo, California">Vallejo, California</a>, The Pacific Southwest Region (R5) covers two states (California and Hawaii), eighteen National Forests and one Management Unit.</li> <li><b>Pacific Northwest</b>: based in <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a> the Pacific Northwest Region (R6) covers two states (Washington and Oregon), seventeen National Forests, one National Scenic Area, one National Grassland, and two National Volcanic Monuments.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Southern</b>: based in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta, Georgia</a>, the Southern Region (R8) covers thirteen states (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North and South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Oklahoma and Virginia; and Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands), and thirty-four National Forests.</li> <li><b>Eastern</b>: based in <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee,_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Milwaukee, Wisconsin">Milwaukee, Wisconsin</a>, the Eastern Region (R9) covers twenty states (Maine, Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Indiana, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Maryland, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, Delaware, and New Jersey), seventeen National Forests, one Grassland and America's Outdoors Center for Conservation, Recreation, and Resources.</li> <li><b>Alaska</b>: based in <a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau, Alaska</a>, the Alaska Region (R10) covers one state (Alaska), and two National Forests.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Forest_or_Grassland">National Forest or Grassland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: National Forest or Grassland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._National_Forests" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. National Forests">List of U.S. National Forests</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Grassland" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Grassland">United States National Grassland</a></div> <p>The Forest Service oversees 155 national forests, 20 grasslands, and one tall-grass prairie. Each administrative unit typically comprises several ranger districts, under the overall direction of a forest supervisor. Within the supervisor's office, the staff coordinates activities among districts, allocates the budget, and provides technical support to each district. Forest supervisors are line officers and report to regional foresters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ranger_District">Ranger District</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ranger District"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The administration of individual National Forests is subdivided into Ranger Districts. The Forest Service has over 600 ranger districts. Each district has a staff of 10 to 300 people under the direction of a district ranger, a line officer who reports to a forest supervisor. The districts vary in size from 50,000 acres (200 km<sup>2</sup>) to more than 1 million acres (4,000 km<sup>2</sup>). Most on-the-ground activities occur on ranger districts, including trail construction and maintenance, operation of campgrounds, oversight of a wide variety of special use permitted activities, and management of vegetation and wildlife habitat.<sup id="cite_ref-organization_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-organization-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_divisions">Major divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Major divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_Enforcement_&_Investigations"><span id="Law_Enforcement_.26_Investigations"></span>Law Enforcement & Investigations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Law Enforcement & Investigations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_-_Department_of_Agriculture_Forest_Service_Patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/USA_-_Department_of_Agriculture_Forest_Service_Patch.png/130px-USA_-_Department_of_Agriculture_Forest_Service_Patch.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/USA_-_Department_of_Agriculture_Forest_Service_Patch.png/195px-USA_-_Department_of_Agriculture_Forest_Service_Patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/USA_-_Department_of_Agriculture_Forest_Service_Patch.png/260px-USA_-_Department_of_Agriculture_Forest_Service_Patch.png 2x" data-file-width="1431" data-file-height="1572" /></a><figcaption>Patch of the Law Enforcement & Investigations unit</figcaption></figure> <p><b>U.S. Forest Service Law Enforcement & Investigations</b> (LEI), headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies" title="List of law enforcement agencies">federal law enforcement agency</a> of the U.S. government. It is responsible for enforcement of federal laws and regulations governing national forest lands and resources. All <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_officer" title="Law enforcement officer">law enforcement officers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Special_agent" title="Special agent">special agents</a> receive their training through <a href="/wiki/Federal_Law_Enforcement_Training_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Law Enforcement Training Center">Federal Law Enforcement Training Center</a> (FLETC). </p><p>Operations are divided into two major functional areas: </p> <ul><li>Law enforcement: uniformed, high-visibility enforcement of laws</li> <li>Investigations: <a href="/wiki/Special_agent" title="Special agent">special agents</a> who investigate crimes against property, visitors, and employees</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Forest_Service_Horse_patrol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/United_States_Forest_Service_Horse_patrol.jpg/220px-United_States_Forest_Service_Horse_patrol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/United_States_Forest_Service_Horse_patrol.jpg/330px-United_States_Forest_Service_Horse_patrol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/United_States_Forest_Service_Horse_patrol.jpg/440px-United_States_Forest_Service_Horse_patrol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="287" /></a><figcaption>A horse patrol of the Law Enforcement & Investigations unit</figcaption></figure> <p>Uniformed Law Enforcement Officers (LEOs) enforce federal laws and regulations governing national forest lands and resources. LEOs also enforce some or all state laws on National Forest Lands. As part of that mission, LEOs carry firearms, defensive equipment, make arrests, execute <a href="/wiki/Search_warrant" title="Search warrant">search warrants</a>, complete reports, and testify in court. They establish a regular and recurring presence on a vast amount of public lands, roads, and recreation sites. The primary focus of their jobs is the protection of natural resources, protection of Forest Service employees and the protection of visitors. To cover the vast and varied terrain under their jurisdiction, they use modified 4x4 pickup trucks, <a href="/wiki/Ford_Crown_Victoria_Police_Interceptor" title="Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor">Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptors</a>, special service <a href="/wiki/SUV" title="SUV">SUVs</a>, horses, <a href="/wiki/Police_dog" title="Police dog">K-9 units</a>, helicopters, <a href="/wiki/Snowmobile" title="Snowmobile">snowmobiles</a>, dirt bikes, and boats. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Special_Agents" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Agents">Special Agents</a> are criminal investigators who plan and conduct investigations concerning possible violations of criminal and administrative provisions of the Forest Service and other statutes under the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a>. Special agents are normally plainclothes officers who carry concealed firearms, and other defensive equipment, make arrests, carry out complex criminal investigations, present cases for prosecution to <a href="/wiki/U.S._Attorneys" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Attorneys">U.S. Attorneys</a>, and prepare investigative reports. All field agents are required to travel a great deal and usually maintain a case load of ten to fifteen ongoing criminal investigations at one time. Criminal investigators occasionally conduct internal and civil claim investigations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Forest_System">National Forest System</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: National Forest System"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:106mm_Recoilless_Rifle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/106mm_Recoilless_Rifle.jpg/220px-106mm_Recoilless_Rifle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/106mm_Recoilless_Rifle.jpg/330px-106mm_Recoilless_Rifle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/106mm_Recoilless_Rifle.jpg/440px-106mm_Recoilless_Rifle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2971" data-file-height="1646" /></a><figcaption>Forest Service team uses a 106 mm <a href="/wiki/Recoilless_rifle" title="Recoilless rifle">recoilless rifle</a> for <a href="/wiki/Avalanche_control" title="Avalanche control">avalanche control</a> at <a href="/wiki/Mammoth_Mountain" title="Mammoth Mountain">Mammoth Mountain</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Inyo_National_Forest" title="Inyo National Forest">Inyo National Forest</a> in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. Note the <a href="/wiki/Minarets_(California)" title="Minarets (California)">Minarets</a> in background.</figcaption></figure> <p>The 193 million acres (780,000 km<sup>2</sup>) of public land that are managed as national forests and <a href="/wiki/Grassland" title="Grassland">grasslands</a> are collectively known as the National Forest System. These lands are located in 44 states, Puerto Rico, and the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Islands" title="Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a> and comprise about 9% of the total land area in the United States. The lands are organized into 155 national forests and 20 national grasslands. The mission of the National Forest System is to protect and manage the forest lands so they best demonstrate the sustainable multiple-use management concept, using an ecological approach, to meet the diverse needs of people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State,_Private_and_Tribal_Forestry"><span id="State.2C_Private_and_Tribal_Forestry"></span>State, Private and Tribal Forestry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: State, Private and Tribal Forestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The goal of the State and Private Forestry program is to assist with financial and technical assistance to private landowners, state agencies, tribes, and community resource managers. It provides assistance by helping sustain the United States' urban and rural forests and their associated communities from wildland fires, insects, disease, and <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive</a> organisms.<sup id="cite_ref-deCalesta_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deCalesta-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately 537 staff are employed in the program and is administered through National Forest System regions and the Northeastern Area of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-deCalesta_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deCalesta-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research_and_development">Research and development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Research and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USFS_PNW_lab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/USFS_PNW_lab.jpg/220px-USFS_PNW_lab.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/USFS_PNW_lab.jpg/330px-USFS_PNW_lab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/USFS_PNW_lab.jpg/440px-USFS_PNW_lab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The U.S. Forest Service <a href="/wiki/R%26D" class="mw-redirect" title="R&D">R&D</a> lab in <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia</a>, Washington</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a> (R&D) arm of the Forest Service works to improve the health and use of the United States' forests and <a href="/wiki/Grassland" title="Grassland">grasslands</a>. Research has been part of the Forest Service mission since the agency's inception in 1905. Today, Forest Service researchers work in a range of biological, physical, and social science fields to promote sustainable management of United States' diverse forests and rangelands. Research employs about 550 scientists and several hundred technical and support staff, located at 67 sites throughout the United States and in <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>. Discovery and technology development and transfer is carried out through seven research stations. </p><p>Research focuses on informing policy and land management decisions and includes addressing <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive</a> insects, degraded <a href="/wiki/River_ecosystem" title="River ecosystem">river ecosystems</a>, or sustainable ways to harvest forest products. The researchers work independently and with a range of partners (formerly through a <b>National Partnership Office</b>),<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including other agencies, academia, nonprofit groups, and industry. The information and technology produced through basic and applied science programs is available to the public for its benefit and use. </p><p>In addition to the Research Stations, the USFS R&D branch also leads several National Centers such as the <a href="/wiki/National_Genomics_Center_for_Wildlife_and_Fish_Conservation" title="National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation">National Genomics Center for Wildlife and Fish Conservation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_programs">International programs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: International programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Forest Service plays a key role in formulating policy and coordinating U.S. support for the protection and sound management of the world's forest resources. It works closely with other agencies such as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">USAID</a>, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of State">State Department</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a>, as well as with nonprofit development organizations, wildlife organizations, universities, and international assistance organizations. The Forest Service's international work serves to link people and communities striving to protect and manage forests throughout the world. The program also promotes <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_land_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable land management">sustainable land management</a> overseas and brings important technologies and innovations back to the United States. The program focuses on conserving key natural resource in cooperation with countries across the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Responses_to_environmental_challenges">Responses to environmental challenges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Responses to environmental challenges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US-national-forest-service-lands.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/US-national-forest-service-lands.png/350px-US-national-forest-service-lands.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/US-national-forest-service-lands.png/525px-US-national-forest-service-lands.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/US-national-forest-service-lands.png/700px-US-national-forest-service-lands.png 2x" data-file-width="859" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>More than 80% of the 193 million acres (780,000 km<sup>2</sup>) of land managed by the United States Forest Service is in the western states. This map shows USFS lands as a percentage of total land area in each state.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Although a large volume of <a href="/wiki/Lumber" title="Lumber">timber</a> is <a href="/wiki/Logging" title="Logging">logged</a> every year, not all <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Forest">National Forests</a> are entirely forested. There are tidewater glaciers in the <a href="/wiki/Tongass_National_Forest" title="Tongass National Forest">Tongass National Forest</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> and ski areas such as <a href="/wiki/Alta,_Utah" title="Alta, Utah">Alta, Utah</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Wasatch-Cache_National_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Wasatch-Cache National Forest">Wasatch-Cache National Forest</a>. In addition, the Forest Service is responsible for managing <a href="/wiki/National_Grassland" class="mw-redirect" title="National Grassland">National Grasslands</a> in the midwest. Furthermore, areas designated as wilderness by acts of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congress">Congress</a>, prohibit logging, mining, road and building construction and land leases for purposes of farming and or livestock grazing. </p><p>Since 1978, several <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">Presidents</a> have directed the USFS to administer <a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. National Monument">National Monuments</a> inside of preexisting National Forests. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Island_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiralty Island National Monument">Admiralty Island National Monument</a> – Alaska</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_Sequoia_National_Monument" title="Giant Sequoia National Monument">Giant Sequoia National Monument</a> – California</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misty_Fjords_National_Monument" title="Misty Fjords National Monument">Misty Fjords National Monument</a> – Alaska</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_St._Helens_National_Volcanic_Monument" title="Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument">Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument</a> – Washington</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newberry_National_Volcanic_Monument" title="Newberry National Volcanic Monument">Newberry National Volcanic Monument</a> – Oregon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_and_San_Jacinto_Mountains_National_Monument" title="Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument">Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains National Monument</a> – California (jointly with the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land Management</a>)</li></ul> <p>The Forest Service also manages <a href="/wiki/Grey_Towers_National_Historic_Site" title="Grey Towers National Historic Site">Grey Towers National Historic Site</a> in <a href="/wiki/Milford,_Pennsylvania" title="Milford, Pennsylvania">Milford, Pennsylvania</a>, the home and estate of its first Chief, <a href="/wiki/Gifford_Pinchot" title="Gifford Pinchot">Gifford Pinchot</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fighting_fires">Fighting fires</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Fighting fires"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_wildfire_suppression_in_the_United_States" title="History of wildfire suppression in the United States">History of wildfire suppression in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smokey_Bear_Only_You_campaign_hat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Smokey_Bear_Only_You_campaign_hat.jpg/170px-Smokey_Bear_Only_You_campaign_hat.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Smokey_Bear_Only_You_campaign_hat.jpg/255px-Smokey_Bear_Only_You_campaign_hat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Smokey_Bear_Only_You_campaign_hat.jpg/340px-Smokey_Bear_Only_You_campaign_hat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1359" data-file-height="1737" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Smokey_Bear" title="Smokey Bear">Smokey Bear</a> poster</figcaption></figure> <p>By 1935, the U.S. Forest Service's fire management policy stipulated that all wildfires were to be suppressed by 10 am the morning after they were first spotted. </p><p>In August 1944, to reduce the number of <a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">forest fires</a>, the Forest Service and the <a href="/wiki/Wartime_Advertising_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Wartime Advertising Council">Wartime Advertising Council</a> began distributing fire education posters featuring a <a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">black bear</a>. The poster campaign was a success; the black bear would later be named <a href="/wiki/Smokey_Bear" title="Smokey Bear">Smokey Bear</a>, and would, for decades, be the "spokesbear" for the Forest Service. Smokey Bear has appeared in innumerable TV commercials; his popular catch phrase, "Only YOU can prevent forest fires"—later changed to wildfires—is one of the most widely recognized slogans in the United States. According to the <a href="/wiki/Advertising_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Advertising Council">Advertising Council</a>, Smokey Bear is the most recognized icons in advertising history and has appeared almost everywhere via Public Service Announcements in print, radio, television. Smokey Bear, an icon protected by law, is jointly owned by the Forest Service, the Ad Council and the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_State_Foresters" title="National Association of State Foresters">National Association of State Foresters</a>. </p><p>In 1965, at the request of the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a>, the Forest Service was commissioned by the <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Research Projects Agency">Advanced Research Projects Agency</a> (ARPA) to research the use of forest fire as a military weapon.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A report was published in June 1970 and declassified in May 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2000, the Departments of Agriculture and the Interior developed a plan to respond to the fires of 2000, to reduce the impacts of these wildland fires on rural communities, and to ensure sufficient firefighting resources in the future. The report is entitled "Managing the Impacts of Wildfire on Communities and the Environment: A Report to the President In Response to the Wildfires of 2000"—The National Fire Plan for short. The National Fire Plan continues to be an integral part of the Forest Service today. The following are important operational features of the National Fire Plan: </p> <ul><li>Federal Wildland Fire Management Policy: The 1995 Federal Wildland Fire Management Policy and the subsequent 2001 Federal Wildland Fire Management Policy act as the foundation of the National Fire Plan.</li> <li>Basic Premise of the National Fire Plan: Investing now in an optimal firefighting force, hazardous fuels reduction, and overall community protection will provide for immediate protection and future cost savings.</li> <li>Funding: Initially (2001), the National Fire Plan provided for an additional $1,100,994,000 for the Forest Service for a total wildland fire management budget of $1,910,193,000. In 2008, the total amount for the Forest Service in wildland fire management (not including emergency fire suppression funding) is $1,974,276,000.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Firefighters_in_Australia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/US_Firefighters_in_Australia.jpg/220px-US_Firefighters_in_Australia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/US_Firefighters_in_Australia.jpg/330px-US_Firefighters_in_Australia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/US_Firefighters_in_Australia.jpg/440px-US_Firefighters_in_Australia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5919" data-file-height="3946" /></a><figcaption>US Forest Service firefighters and Australian firefighters discuss plans to clear brush along a trail in <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria, Australia</a>.</figcaption></figure></li></ul> <p>In August 2014, Tom Vilsack, the Secretary of Agriculture, announced that the agency would have to put $400 to $500 million in wildfire prevention projects on hold because funding for firefighting was running low as the fiscal year ended. The decision was meant to preserve resources for fighting active fires burning in California, Oregon, Washington and Idaho. Politicians of both parties indicated they believed the then-current funding structure was broken, but did not agree on steps to fix the funding allocation.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 2019–2020 bushfires in Australia, the US Forest Services sent a contingent of firefighters. They worked alongside firefighters from other American fire departments.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate_adaptation">Climate adaptation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Climate adaptation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In April 2023, the U.S. Forest Service published a proposed rulemaking in response to <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> on the topic of improving <a href="/wiki/Climate_resilience" title="Climate resilience">climate resilience</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Public_land#United_States" title="Public land">public lands</a> that it manages.<sup id="cite_ref-April2023_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-April2023-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agency introduced the need for such rulemaking as:</p><blockquote><p> Climate change and related stressors, such as wildfire, drought, insects and disease, extreme weather events, and chronic stress on ecosystems are resulting in increasing impacts with rapid and variable rates of change on national forests and grasslands. These impacts can be compounded by fire suppression, development in the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI), and non-climate informed timber harvest and reforestation practices.<sup id="cite_ref-April2023_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-April2023-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The foundational question pertained to <a href="/wiki/Climate_adaptation" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate adaptation">climate adaptation</a>: "How should the Forest Service adapt current policies and develop new policies and actions to conserve and manage the national forests and grasslands for climate resilience, so that the Agency can provide for ecological integrity and support social and economic sustainability over time?" Ancillary questions pertained to both "adaptation planning" and "adaptation practices". </p><p>The background section of the proposed rulemaking includes a short history of how agency responsibilities have grown and evolved over its 118-year history in accordance with "what the American people desire from their natural resources at any given point in time."<sup id="cite_ref-April2023_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-April2023-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carbon_capture_and_storage">Carbon capture and storage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Carbon capture and storage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the spring of 2023, the USDA proposed a change to its regulations to allow for the "responsible deployment of" <a href="/wiki/Carbon_capture,_utilization,_and_sequestration" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration">carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration</a> on National Forests lands.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Budget">Budget</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Budget"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although part of the Department of Agriculture, the Forest Service receives its budget through the Subcommittee on Appropriations—Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Annualized continuing resolutions by financial year in thousands of dollars<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="Update 2022 requested with enacted; add 2023 requested (June 2022)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Appropriations </th> <th>2011<sup id="cite_ref-budget20132_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-budget20132-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2012<sup id="cite_ref-budget20132_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-budget20132-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2013<sup id="cite_ref-budget20152_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-budget20152-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2014<sup id="cite_ref-budget20152_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-budget20152-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2015 </th> <th>2016<sup id="cite_ref-budget20182_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-budget20182-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2017<sup id="cite_ref-budget20182_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-budget20182-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2018<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2019<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2020<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2021<sup id="cite_ref-:0_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><i>2022<sup id="cite_ref-:0_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Research </td> <td>306,637 </td> <td>295,300 </td> <td>279,854 </td> <td>292,805 </td> <td>296,000 </td> <td>291,000 </td> <td>290,447 </td> <td>306,216 </td> <td>297,000 </td> <td>305,000 </td> <td>258,760 </td> <td><i>313,560</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">State and Private Forestry </td> <td>277,596 </td> <td>252,926 </td> <td>239,696 </td> <td>229,980 </td> <td>232,653 </td> <td>237,023 </td> <td>236,573 </td> <td>319,737 </td> <td>335,525 </td> <td>346,990 </td> <td>267,180 </td> <td><i>304,614</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">National Forest System </td> <td>1,542,248 </td> <td>1,554,137 </td> <td>1,455,341 </td> <td>1,496,330 </td> <td>1,494,330 </td> <td>1,509,364 </td> <td>1,506,496 </td> <td>1,890,313 </td> <td>1,923,750 </td> <td>1,957,510 </td> <td>1,786,870 </td> <td><i>1,786,870</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Wildland Fire Management </td> <td>2,168,042 </td> <td>1,974,467 </td> <td>1,868,795 </td> <td>2,162,302 </td> <td>2,333,298 </td> <td>2,386,329 </td> <td>2,381,795 </td> <td>2,314,793 </td> <td>2,880,338 </td> <td>2,350,620 </td> <td>1,927,241 </td> <td><i>2,369,634</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Capital Improvement and Maintenance </td> <td>472,644 </td> <td>394,089 </td> <td>358,510 </td> <td>350,000 </td> <td>360,374 </td> <td>364,164 </td> <td>363,472 </td> <td>361,014 </td> <td>449,000 </td> <td>455,000 </td> <td>140,371 </td> <td><i>148,371</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Land Acquisition </td> <td>33,982 </td> <td>53,701 </td> <td>50,665 </td> <td>44,654 </td> <td>48,666 </td> <td>64,601 </td> <td>64,478 </td> <td>55,204 </td> <td>65,379 </td> <td>79,748 </td> <td>814 </td> <td><i>814</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Other appropriations </td> <td>5,179 </td> <td>5,875 </td> <td>4,821 </td> <td>5,540 </td> <td>4,865 </td> <td>4,865 </td> <td>4,856 </td> <td>4,832 </td> <td>4,610 </td> <td>5,545 </td> <td>3,863 </td> <td><i>7,863</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Subtotal, discretionary appropriations * </td> <td>5,096,746 </td> <td>4,845,876 </td> <td>4,936,514 </td> <td>5,496,611 </td> <td>5,073,246 </td> <td>5,680,346 </td> <td>5,669,553 </td> <td>5,779,217 </td> <td>5,955,602 </td> <td>7,450,413 </td> <td>7,451,262 </td> <td><i>8,436,564</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Subtotal, permanent appropriations </td> <td>627,234 </td> <td>581,595 </td> <td>507,631 </td> <td>566,231 </td> <td>293,316 </td> <td>517,889 </td> <td>348,252 </td> <td>296,285 </td> <td>285,396 </td> <td>528,550 </td> <td>919,265 </td> <td><i>724,899</i> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#f0f0f0; font-weight:bold;"> <td style="text-align:left">Total </td> <td>5,858,615 </td> <td>5,584,586 </td> <td>5,749,146 </td> <td>6,264,941 </td> <td>5,547,812 </td> <td>6,331,984 </td> <td>6,168,886 </td> <td>6,190,502 </td> <td>5,955,692 </td> <td>8,142,677 </td> <td>8,370,527 </td> <td><i>9,161,463</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="13" style="text-align:left">* Includes regular, supplemental and emergency appropriations </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Bray_Lassie_1967.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Robert_Bray_Lassie_1967.JPG/170px-Robert_Bray_Lassie_1967.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Robert_Bray_Lassie_1967.JPG/255px-Robert_Bray_Lassie_1967.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Robert_Bray_Lassie_1967.JPG/340px-Robert_Bray_Lassie_1967.JPG 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="942" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lassie" title="Lassie">Lassie</a> with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bray" title="Robert Bray">Robert Bray</a> as U.S. Forest Ranger <a href="/wiki/Corey_Stuart" class="mw-redirect" title="Corey Stuart">Corey Stuart</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Forest Service achieved widespread awareness during the 1960s, as it became the setting for the long running classic TV show <i><a href="/wiki/Lassie_(1954_TV_series)" title="Lassie (1954 TV series)">Lassie</a></i>, with storylines focusing on Lassie's adventures with various forest rangers.<sup id="cite_ref-jcs_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jcs-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The iconic collie's association with the Forest Service led to Lassie receiving numerous awards and citations from the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate">U.S. Senate</a> and the Department of Agriculture, and was partly responsible for a bill regarding soil and water pollution that was signed into law in early 1968 by President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a>, which was dubbed by some as "The Lassie Program".<sup id="cite_ref-jcs_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jcs-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2019 family comedy movie <i><a href="/wiki/Playing_with_Fire_(2019_film)" title="Playing with Fire (2019 film)">Playing With Fire</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/John_Cena" title="John Cena">John Cena</a> plays a U.S. Forest Service firefighter who (along with his crew) watches over a group of rambunctious children while searching for their parents after rescuing them from a fire in the wilderness during a family vacation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The history of the Forest Service has been fraught with controversy, as various interests and national values have grappled with the appropriate management of the many resources within the forests.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These values and resources include <a href="/wiki/Grazing" title="Grazing">grazing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lumber" title="Lumber">timber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">mining</a>, <a href="/wiki/Recreation" title="Recreation">recreation</a>, wildlife habitat, and <a href="/wiki/Wilderness" title="Wilderness">wilderness</a>. Because of continuing development elsewhere, the large size of National Forests have made them <i>de facto</i> wildlife reserves for a number of rare and common species. In recent decades, the importance of mature forest for the <a href="/wiki/Spotted_owl" title="Spotted owl">spotted owl</a> and a number of other species led to great changes in timber harvest levels.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1910, the first Chief of the Forest Service, <a href="/wiki/Gifford_Pinchot" title="Gifford Pinchot">Gifford Pinchot</a>, was dismissed by President Taft as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Pinchot%E2%80%93Ballinger_controversy" title="Pinchot–Ballinger controversy">Pinchot-Ballinger controversy</a>. </p><p>In the 1990s, the agency was <a href="/wiki/U.S._Forest_Service_airtanker_scandal" title="U.S. Forest Service airtanker scandal">involved in a scandal</a> when it illegally provided surplus military aircraft to private contractors for use as <a href="/wiki/Airtanker" class="mw-redirect" title="Airtanker">airtankers</a> in 1980s. </p><p>The policy on road building within the National Forests is another controversial issue. In 1999, President Clinton ordered a temporary moratorium on new road construction in the National Forests to "assess their ecological, economic, and social values and to evaluate long-term options for their management."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bush administration replaced this <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> years later, with a system where each state could petition the Forest Service to open forests in their territory to road building. </p><p>In 1997, the agency reported it was losing money on its timber sales.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2017 draft report describing the legal basis which provides federal land managers a scope of decision making authority exceeding that of state fish and game departments has proven unexpectedly controversial.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (October 2024)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2018, the Forest Service was reprimanded by the 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. The Service had issued permits for the Atlantic Coast Pipeline to build through parts of the George Washington and <a href="/wiki/Monongahela_National_Forest" title="Monongahela National Forest">Monongahela National Forests</a> and a right of way across the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Trail" title="Appalachian Trail">Appalachian Trail</a> – in violation of both the <a href="/wiki/National_Forest_Management_Act_of_1976" title="National Forest Management Act of 1976">National Forest Management Act of 1976</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Environmental_Policy_Act" title="National Environmental Policy Act">National Environmental Policy Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NPR-LWam-121418_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR-LWam-121418-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, <a href="/wiki/Melody_Starya_Mobley" title="Melody Starya Mobley">Melody Starya Mobley</a>, the first black female forester hired by the Forest Service, claimed she had been sexually assaulted by a colleague in the late 70s, citing misogyny and racism within the institution as reasons why she did not speak up at the time. She also stated that though there was a witness present, her assault was largely ignored when she disclosed it to the agency and the perpetrator was never punished.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_members">Notable members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notable members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dombeck" title="Michael Dombeck">Michael Dombeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Hough" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Hough">Franklin B. Hough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_E._Hoyle" title="Annie E. Hoyle">Annie E. Hoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Jordan" title="Orlando Jordan">Orlando Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Leopold" title="Aldo Leopold">Aldo Leopold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Pulaski" title="Ed Pulaski">Ed Pulaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Ward_Thomas" title="Jack Ward Thomas">Jack Ward Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Salisbury_Woolsey,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Salisbury Woolsey, Jr.">Theodore Woolsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Yule" title="James B. Yule">James B. Yule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Zon" title="Raphael Zon">Raphael Zon</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/List_of_legislation_governing_the_United_States_Forest_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="List of legislation governing the United States Forest Service">List of legislation governing the United States Forest Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_forests_of_the_United_States" title="List of national forests of the United States">List of national forests of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Forest_Foundation" title="National Forest Foundation">National Forest Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Range_Improvement_Funds" title="Range Improvement Funds">Range Improvement Funds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USFS_Recreation_Residences" class="mw-redirect" title="USFS Recreation Residences">Recreation Residences</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-budget2016-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-budget2016_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fs.fed.us/sites/default/files/media/2015/07/fy2016-budget-overview-update.pdf">"Fiscal Year 2016 Budget Overview"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. USFS. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.fs.fed.us/sites/default/files/media/2015/07/fy2016-budget-overview-update.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fiscal+Year+2016+Budget+Overview&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=USFS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fs.fed.us%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fmedia%2F2015%2F07%2Ffy2016-budget-overview-update.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Forest+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCongressional_Research_Service2021" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a> (February 18, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/2021-02-18_IF11638_59d6c74c142be14ca1d7a2923b081d43462f7a6e.pdf">Forest Service: FY2021 Appropriations</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Every <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">CRS</a> Report. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/2021-02-18_IF11638_59d6c74c142be14ca1d7a2923b081d43462f7a6e.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Forest+Service%3A+FY2021+Appropriations&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Every+CRS+Report&rft.date=2021-02-18&rft.au=Congressional+Research+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.everycrsreport.com%2Ffiles%2F2021-02-18_IF11638_59d6c74c142be14ca1d7a2923b081d43462f7a6e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Forest+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/news/releases/forest-service-announces-key-appointment-to-executive-leadership-team">"Forest Service Announces Key Appointment to Executive Leadership Team"</a>. 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US Forest Service.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agency+Leadership&rft.atitle=Office+of+the+Chief&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fs.fed.us%2Fabout-agency%2Fnewsroom%2Fleadership-biographies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Forest+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fs.fed.us/about-agency/newsroom/by-the-numbers">"By the Numbers"</a>. US Forest Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Taxpayers+losing+money+to+loggers+on+U.S.+land%2C+Forest+Service+admits&rft.date=1997-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1997-nov-22-mn-56535-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Forest+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaney2017" class="citation news cs1">Chaney, Rob (25 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://missoulian.com/news/state-and-regional/forest-service-tried-to-quash-paper-debunking-montana-wildlife-authority/article_91ef1437-4df9-5ea0-8667-728e6f63ae91.html">"Forest Service tried to quash paper debunking Montana wildlife authority"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Missoulian" title="Missoulian">Missoulian</a></i>. Missoula, Montana<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Missoulian&rft.atitle=Forest+Service+tried+to+quash+paper+debunking+Montana+wildlife+authority&rft.date=2017-09-25&rft.aulast=Chaney&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmissoulian.com%2Fnews%2Fstate-and-regional%2Fforest-service-tried-to-quash-paper-debunking-montana-wildlife-authority%2Farticle_91ef1437-4df9-5ea0-8667-728e6f63ae91.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Forest+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPR-LWam-121418-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NPR-LWam-121418_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWamsley2018" class="citation news cs1">Wamsley, Laurel (December 14, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2018/12/14/676950106/quoting-the-lorax-court-pulls-permit-for-pipeline-crossing-appalachian-trail">"Quoting 'The Lorax', court pulls permit for pipeline crossing Appalachian Trail"</a>. NPR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Quoting+%27The+Lorax%27%2C+court+pulls+permit+for+pipeline+crossing+Appalachian+Trail&rft.date=2018-12-14&rft.aulast=Wamsley&rft.aufirst=Laurel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2018%2F12%2F14%2F676950106%2Fquoting-the-lorax-court-pulls-permit-for-pipeline-crossing-appalachian-trail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Forest+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mountainjournal.org/a-woman-recalls-her-nightmare-with-the-united-states-forests-service">"A Black Woman Who Tried To Survive In The Dark, White Forest"</a>. <i>mountainjournal.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 1,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mountainjournal.org&rft.atitle=A+Black+Woman+Who+Tried+To+Survive+In+The+Dark%2C+White+Forest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmountainjournal.org%2Fa-woman-recalls-her-nightmare-with-the-united-states-forests-service&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Forest+Service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_sources">History sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: History sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090905092956/http://www.foresthistory.org/ASPNET/Publications/first_century/index.htm">USDA Forest Service – The First Century</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090905092951/http://www.foresthistory.org/ASPNET/Publications/100years/index.htm">100 Years of Federal Forestry</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarworks.umt.edu/sheldon/1/">History of the Boone and Crockett Club Pg 64–80</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEgan2009" class="citation book cs1">Egan, Timothy (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bigburnteddyroos00egan"><i>The Big Burn: Teddy Roosevelt & the Fire That Saved America</i></a></span>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-618-96841-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-618-96841-1"><bdi>978-0-618-96841-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Big+Burn%3A+Teddy+Roosevelt+%26+the+Fire+That+Saved+America&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-618-96841-1&rft.aulast=Egan&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbigburnteddyroos00egan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Forest+Service" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.13521"><i>"Visions of the wild (1985)"</i></a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research">Research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Historic technical reports from the Forest Service (and other Federal agencies) are available in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.technicalreports.org/">Technical Report Archive and Image Library (TRAIL)</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170712002100/https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/">"USDA Forest Service Research Publications"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://treesearch.fs.fed.us/">the original</a> on July 12, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USDA+Forest+Service+Research+Publications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftreesearch.fs.fed.us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+Forest+Service" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=74602DEBB45B13A2">The Greatest Good documentary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fsl.orst.edu/geowater/PEP/afsc/miller/">"The Greatest Good:100years"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smokeybear.com/">Smokey Bear</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fs.fed.us/wildlifecrossings/">Wildlife Crossings Toolkit</a> The Wildlife Crossings Toolkit provides information for terrestrial biologists, engineers, and transportation professionals to assist in maintaining or restoring habitat connectivity across transportation infrastructure on public lands.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Forest_Service&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Department of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs">Bureau of Indian Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Ocean_Energy_Management" title="Bureau of Ocean Energy Management">Bureau of Ocean Energy Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bureau_of_Reclamation" title="United States Bureau of Reclamation">Bureau of Reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">United States Fish and Wildlife Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Insular_Affairs" title="Office of Insular Affairs">Office of the Assistant Secretary for Insular and International Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Surface_Mining" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Surface Mining">Office of Surface Mining, Reclamation, and Enforcement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">Department of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Geodetic_Survey" title="U.S. National Geodetic Survey">Geodetic Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Marine_Fisheries_Service" title="National Marine Fisheries Service">Marine Fisheries Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Ocean_Service" title="National Ocean Service">Ocean Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Research" title="Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research">Oceanic and Atmospheric Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">Weather Service</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Energy_Efficiency_and_Renewable_Energy" title="Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy">Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy</a></li> <li>Office of Environmental Management</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science" title="Office of Science">Office of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy_national_laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Energy national laboratories">National Laboratories and Technology Centers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">Department of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service" title="Agricultural Research Service">Agricultural Research Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_and_Plant_Health_Inspection_Service" title="Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service">Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_Service_Agency" title="Farm Service Agency">Farm Service Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Nutrition_Service" title="Food and Nutrition Service">Food and Nutrition Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Agricultural_Service" title="Foreign Agricultural Service">Foreign Agricultural Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">Natural Resources Conservation Service</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Water_and_Climate_Center" title="National Water and Climate Center">National Water and Climate Center</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Utilities_Service" title="Rural Utilities Service">Rural Utilities Service</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Forest Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DHS_Directorate_for_Science_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="DHS Directorate for Science and Technology">Science and Technology Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Health and Human Services">Department of Health <br />and Human Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Toxic_Substances_and_Disease_Registry" title="Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry">Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Environmental_Health_Sciences" title="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Research_Laboratory" title="Air Force Research Laboratory">Air Force Research Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency">Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Typhoon_Warning_Center" title="Joint Typhoon Warning Center">Joint Typhoon Warning Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Naval_Research" title="Office of Naval Research">Office of Naval Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Research,_Development_and_Engineering_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Army Research, Development and Engineering Command">Combat Capabilities Development Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Domestic_Climate_Policy" title="White House Office of Domestic Climate Policy">Climate Policy Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_on_Clean_Energy_Innovation_and_Implementation" title="White House Office on Clean Energy Innovation and Implementation">Clean Energy Innovation and Implementation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Special_Presidential_Envoy_for_Climate" title="U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate">U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_on_Environmental_Quality" title="Council on Environmental Quality">Council on Environmental Quality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Science_Services_Administration" title="Environmental Science Services Administration">Environmental Science Services Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_Commission" title="United States Fish Commission">United States Fish Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_and_Geodetic_Survey" title="United States Coast and Geodetic Survey">United States Coast and Geodetic Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Energy_and_Climate_Change_Policy" title="White House Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy">White House Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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Whitten Building">Jamie L. Whitten Building</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Tom Vilsack</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xochitl_Torres_Small" title="Xochitl Torres Small">Xochitl Torres Small</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Agriculture">Deputy Secretary of Agriculture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Under Secretary of Agriculture for<br />Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Agricultural_Service" title="Foreign Agricultural Service">Foreign Agricultural Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Alimentarius" title="Codex Alimentarius">United States Codex Office</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/US_Department_of_Agriculture_seal.svg/140px-US_Department_of_Agriculture_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/US_Department_of_Agriculture_seal.svg/210px-US_Department_of_Agriculture_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/US_Department_of_Agriculture_seal.svg/280px-US_Department_of_Agriculture_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="574" data-file-height="582" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Agriculture_for_Natural_Resources_and_Environment" title="Under Secretary of Agriculture for Natural Resources and Environment">Under Secretary of Agriculture for<br />Natural Resources and Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Forest Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_for_Rural_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Under Secretary for Rural Development">Under Secretary for Rural Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Housing_Service" title="Rural Housing Service">Rural Housing Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Utilities_Service" title="Rural Utilities Service">Rural Utilities Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Business-Cooperative_Service" title="Rural Business-Cooperative Service">Rural Business-Cooperative Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Agriculture_for_Food,_Nutrition,_and_Consumer_Services" title="Under Secretary of Agriculture for Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services">Under Secretary of Agriculture for<br />Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Nutrition_Service" title="Food and Nutrition Service">Food and Nutrition Service</a> (<a href="/wiki/Center_for_Nutrition_Policy_and_Promotion" title="Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion">Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Agriculture_for_Food_Safety" title="Under Secretary of Agriculture for Food Safety">Under Secretary of Agriculture for<br />Food Safety</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_Safety_and_Inspection_Service" title="Food Safety and Inspection Service">Food Safety and Inspection Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Agriculture_for_Research,_Education,_and_Economics" title="Under Secretary of Agriculture for Research, Education, and Economics">Under Secretary of Agriculture for<br />Research, Education, and Economics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service" title="Agricultural Research Service">Agricultural Research Service</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Agricultural_Library" title="United States National Agricultural Library">National Agricultural Library</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Agricultural_Statistics_Service" title="National Agricultural Statistics Service">National Agricultural Statistics Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Research_Service" title="Economic Research Service">Economic Research Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Food_and_Agriculture" title="National Institute of Food and Agriculture">National Institute of Food and Agriculture</a></li> <li>Office of the Chief Scientist</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Agriculture_for_Marketing_and_Regulatory_Programs" title="Under Secretary of Agriculture for Marketing and Regulatory Programs">Under Secretary of Agriculture for<br />Marketing and Regulatory Programs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Marketing_Service" title="Agricultural Marketing Service">Agricultural Marketing Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_and_Plant_Health_Inspection_Service" title="Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service">Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Under Secretary of Agriculture for<br />Farm Production and Conservation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farm_Service_Agency" title="Farm Service Agency">Farm Service Agency</a> (<a href="/wiki/Commodity_Credit_Corporation" title="Commodity Credit Corporation">Commodity Credit Corporation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_Management_Agency" title="Risk Management Agency">Risk Management Agency</a> (<a href="/wiki/Federal_Crop_Insurance_Corporation" title="Federal Crop Insurance Corporation">Federal Crop Insurance Corporation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">Natural Resources Conservation Service</a></li> <li>Farm Production and Conservation Business Center</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Office of the Chief Financial Officer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Finance_Center" title="National Finance Center">National Finance Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>*Reports directly to the Secretary of Agriculture<br /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Federal_law_enforcement_agencies_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Federal_law_enforcement_agencies_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Federal_law_enforcement_agencies_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration_Fisheries_Office_of_Law_Enforcement" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Office of Law Enforcement">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Fisheries: Office of Law Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Commerce_Office_of_Security" title="U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Security">Office of Security</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Criminal_Investigative_Service" title="Defense Criminal Investigative Service">Defense Criminal Investigative Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Defense_police" title="Department of Defense police">Department of Defense police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_Logistics_Agency#DLA_Police" title="Defense Logistics Agency">Defense Logistics Agency Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentagon_Force_Protection_Agency" title="Pentagon Force Protection Agency">Pentagon Force Protection Agency</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Pentagon_Police" title="United States Pentagon Police">Pentagon Police</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSA_police" class="mw-redirect" title="NSA police">National Security Agency Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="United States Department of the Army">Department of the Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Intelligence_and_Security_Command" title="United States Army Intelligence and Security Command">Intelligence and Security Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Criminal_Investigation_Division" title="United States Army Criminal Investigation Division">Criminal Investigation Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Police_Corps_(United_States)" title="Military Police Corps (United States)">Military Police Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Army_Civilian_Police" title="Department of the Army Civilian Police">Army Department Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corrections_Command" title="United States Army Corrections Command">Corrections Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">Department of the Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Criminal_Investigative_Service" title="Naval Criminal Investigative Service">Criminal Investigative Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Criminal_Investigation_Division" title="United States Marine Corps Criminal Investigation Division">Marine Corps Criminal Investigation Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master-at-arms_(United_States_Navy)" title="Master-at-arms (United States Navy)">Master-at-Arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Navy_Police" title="Department of the Navy Police">Navy Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Civilian_Police" title="United States Marine Corps Civilian Police">Marine Corps Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy#Police" title="United States Naval Academy">Naval Academy Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">Department of the Air Force</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Office_of_Special_Investigations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Air Force Office of Special Investigations">Office of Special Investigations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Security_Forces" title="United States Air Force Security Forces">Security Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Air_Force_Police" title="Department of the Air Force Police">Department of the Air Force Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">Department of<br />Health and Human Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">United States Food and Drug Administration</a> (<a href="/wiki/Office_of_Criminal_Investigations" title="Office of Criminal Investigations">Office of Criminal Investigations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health_Police" title="National Institutes of Health Police">National Institutes of Health Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of<br />Homeland Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Law_Enforcement_Training_Centers" title="Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers">Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Citizenship_and_Immigration_Services" title="United States Citizenship and Immigration Services">Citizenship and Immigration Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard_Investigative_Service" title="Coast Guard Investigative Service">Investigative Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Police" title="United States Coast Guard Police">Coast Guard Police</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">Customs and Border Protection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol" title="United States Border Patrol">Border Patrol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Protective_Service_(United_States)" title="Federal Protective Service (United States)">Federal Protective Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">United States Secret Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service_Uniformed_Division" title="United States Secret Service Uniformed Division">Uniformed Division</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">Transportation Security Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Air_Marshal_Service" title="Federal Air Marshal Service">Office of Law Enforcement/Federal Air Marshal Service</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Department of<br />the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs_Police" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs Police">Bureau of Indian Affairs Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management#Law_enforcement_and_security" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land Management: Office of Law Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Dam_Police" title="Hoover Dam Police">Hoover Dam Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service_ranger" title="National Park Service ranger">Rangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Park_Police" title="United States Park Police">United States Park Police</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service_Office_of_Law_Enforcement" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service Office of Law Enforcement">Fish and Wildlife Service: Office of Law Enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="National Wildlife Refuge">National Wildlife Refuge System: Division of Refuge Law Enforcement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">Drug Enforcement Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FBI_Police" title="FBI Police">FBI Police</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Prisons" title="Federal Bureau of Prisons">Federal Bureau of Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service" title="United States Marshals Service">United States Marshals Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">Department of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Diplomatic_Security" title="Bureau of Diplomatic Security">Bureau of Diplomatic Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_Security_Service" title="Diplomatic Security Service">Diplomatic Security Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Foreign_Missions" title="Office of Foreign Missions">Office of Foreign Missions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Department of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_Tobacco_Tax_and_Trade_Bureau" title="Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau">Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing#BEP_Police" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Crimes_Enforcement_Network" title="Financial Crimes Enforcement Network">Financial Crimes Enforcement Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRS_Criminal_Investigation" title="IRS Criminal Investigation">Internal Revenue Service, Criminal Investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_Police" title="United States Mint Police">United States Mint Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other executive <br /> department agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture"><b>Agriculture</b></a>: <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Law_Enforcement_.26_Investigations">US Forest Service: Law Enforcement & Investigations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy"><b>Energy</b></a>: <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Secure_Transportation" title="Office of Secure Transportation">Office of Secure Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation"><b>Transportation</b></a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine_Academy#Department_of_Public_Safety" title="United States Merchant Marine Academy">United States Merchant Marine Academy Department of Public Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs"><b>Veterans Affairs</b></a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs_Police" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs Police">Department of Veterans Affairs Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_at_Arms_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives">Sergeant at Arms of the House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_at_Arms_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate">Sergeant at Arms of the Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police" title="United States Capitol Police">United States Capitol Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office#GPO_Police" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Government Publishing Office Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judicial branch</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Probation_and_Pretrial_Services_System" title="U.S. Probation and Pretrial Services System">U.S. Probation and Pretrial Services System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court" title="Marshal of the United States Supreme Court">Marshal of the United States Supreme Court</a> (<a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_Police" title="Supreme Court Police">Supreme Court Police</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other federal law<br />enforcement agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amtrak_Police_Department" title="Amtrak Police Department">Amtrak Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_structure_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency#Directorate_of_Support" title="Organizational structure of the Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency: Security Protective Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Enforcement_and_Compliance_Assurance" title="Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance">Environmental Protection Agency: Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Police" title="Federal Reserve Police">Federal Reserve Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Department_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia">Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Inspection_Service" title="United States Postal Inspection Service">Postal Inspection Service</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Inspection_Service#Postal_Police_Force" title="United States Postal Inspection Service">U.S. Postal Police</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution_Office_of_Protection_Services" title="Smithsonian Institution Office of Protection Services">Smithsonian Institution Office of Protection Services</a> (<a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution_Office_of_Protection_Services#Positions" title="Smithsonian Institution Office of Protection Services">National Zoological Park Police</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="U.S._National_Trails_System" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Trail_system" title="Template:Trail system"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Trail_system" title="Template talk:Trail system"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trail_system" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Trail system"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S._National_Trails_System" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Trails_System" title="National Trails System">U.S. National Trails System</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historic Trail">National Historic Trails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scenic_route" title="Scenic route">Scenic motor routes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butterfield_Overland_National_Historic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Butterfield Overland National Historic Trail">Butterfield Overland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Trail" title="California Trail">California Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Camino_Real_de_los_Tejas_National_Historic_Trail" title="El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail">El Camino Real de los Tejas Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Camino_Real_de_Tierra_Adentro" class="mw-redirect" title="El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro">El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_de_Anza_National_Historic_Trail" title="Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail">Juan Bautista de Anza Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_Trail" title="Mormon Trail">Mormon Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nez_Perce_National_Historic_Trail" title="Nez Perce National Historic Trail">Nez Perce Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Spanish_Trail_(trade_route)" title="Old Spanish Trail (trade route)">Old Spanish Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Trail" title="Oregon Trail">Oregon Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_Express" title="Pony Express">Pony Express Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Trail" title="Santa Fe Trail">Santa Fe Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches" title="Selma to Montgomery marches">Selma to Montgomery Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Tears" title="Trail of Tears">Trail of Tears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Rochambeau_Revolutionary_Route" title="Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route">Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trail" title="Trail">Natural surface trails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ala_Kahakai_National_Historic_Trail" title="Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail">Ala Kahakai Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilkoot_Trail" title="Chilkoot Trail">Chilkoot Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iditarod_Trail" title="Iditarod Trail">Iditarod Trail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Water_trail" title="Water trail">Water trails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_John_Smith_Chesapeake_National_Historic_Trail" title="Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail">Captain John Smith Chesapeake Trail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combination</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_National_Historic_Trail" title="Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail">Lewis and Clark Trail</a> (motor, land, and water)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overmountain_Victory_National_Historic_Trail" title="Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail">Overmountain Victory Trail</a> (motor and land)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star-Spangled_Banner_National_Historic_Trail" title="Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail">Star-Spangled Banner Trail</a> (motor and water)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Scenic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Scenic Trail">National Scenic Trails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Trail" title="Appalachian Trail">Appalachian Trail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Trail_by_state" title="Appalachian Trail by state">by state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Trail" title="Arizona Trail">Arizona Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Divide_Trail" title="Continental Divide Trail">Continental Divide Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_National_Scenic_Trail" title="New England National Scenic Trail">New England Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Trail" title="Florida Trail">Florida Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_Age_Trail" title="Ice Age Trail">Ice Age Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natchez_Trace_Trail" title="Natchez Trace Trail">Natchez Trace Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_Trail" title="North Country Trail">North Country Trail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Country_Trail_by_state" title="North Country Trail by state">by state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Crest_Trail" title="Pacific Crest Trail">Pacific Crest Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_Trail" title="Pacific Northwest Trail">Pacific Northwest Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potomac_Heritage_Trail" title="Potomac Heritage Trail">Potomac Heritage Trail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ice_Age_Floods_National_Geologic_Trail" title="Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail">National Geologic Trail</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_Age_Floods_National_Geologic_Trail" title="Ice Age Floods National Geologic Trail">Ice Age Floods Trail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Recreation_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Recreation Trail">National Recreation Trails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Recreation_Trails_of_the_United_States" title="Category:National Recreation Trails of the United States">Category</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Crown_of_Hiking" title="Triple Crown of Hiking">Triple Crown of Hiking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Theodore_Roosevelt" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Template:Theodore Roosevelt"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Template talk:Theodore Roosevelt"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Theodore Roosevelt"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Theodore_Roosevelt" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">26th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1901–1909)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">25th</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> (1901)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_New_York" title="List of governors of New York">33rd</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governor of New York</a> (1899–1900)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant Secretary of the Navy">Assistant Secretary of the Navy</a> (1897–1898)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Commissioner" title="New York City Police Commissioner">New York City Police Commissioner</a> (1895–1897)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Theodore_Roosevelt_presidency" title="Timeline of the Theodore Roosevelt presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="First inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt">First inauguration</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Inaugural_National_Historic_Site" title="Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site">historic site</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Second inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt">Second inauguration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Theodore_Roosevelt_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Theodore Roosevelt administration">Foreign policy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Square_Deal" title="Square Deal">Square Deal</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington_dinner_at_the_White_House" title="Booker T. Washington dinner at the White House">Booker T. Washington dinner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Theodore_Roosevelt#Conservation" title="Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt">Conservation</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Newlands_Reclamation_Act" title="Newlands Reclamation Act">Newlands Reclamation Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transfer_Act_of_1905" title="Transfer Act of 1905">Transfer Act of 1905</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antiquities_Act" title="Antiquities Act">Antiquities Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pelican_Island_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge">Pelican Island</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devils_Tower" title="Devils Tower">Devils Tower National Monument</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Muir_Woods_National_Monument" title="Muir Woods National Monument">Muir Woods National Monument</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States Forest Service</a>, </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bureau_of_Reclamation" title="United States Bureau of Reclamation">United States Reclamation Service</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_National_Wildlife_Refuge_System" title="History of the National Wildlife Refuge System">National Wildlife Refuge System</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Arch" title="Roosevelt Arch">Roosevelt Arch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Governors" title="Conference of Governors">Conference of Governors</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Securities_Company" title="Northern Securities Company">Northern Securities Company breakup</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Securities_Co._v._United_States" title="Northern Securities Co. v. United States">court case</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coal_strike_of_1902" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal strike of 1902">Coal strike of 1902</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pure_Food_and_Drug_Act" title="Pure Food and Drug Act">Pure Food and Drug Act</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration#History" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Meat_Inspection_Act" title="Federal Meat Inspection Act">Meat Inspection Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Expediting_Act" title="Expediting Act">Expediting Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elkins_Act" title="Elkins Act">Elkins Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hepburn_Act" title="Hepburn Act">Hepburn Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aldrich%E2%80%93Vreeland_Act" title="Aldrich–Vreeland Act">Aldrich–Vreeland Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tillman_Act_of_1907" title="Tillman Act of 1907">Tillman Act of 1907</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Employers_Liability_Act" title="Federal Employers Liability Act">Federal Employers Liability Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kinkaid_Act" title="Kinkaid Act">Kinkaid Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Big_stick_ideology" title="Big stick ideology">Big stick ideology</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hay%E2%80%93Bunau-Varilla_Treaty" title="Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty">Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal_Zone" title="Panama Canal Zone">Panama Canal Zone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal#United_States_acquisition" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_crisis_of_1902%E2%80%931903" title="Venezuelan crisis of 1902–1903">Venezuelan crisis</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Corollary" title="Roosevelt Corollary">Roosevelt Corollary</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Occupation_of_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Occupation of Cuba">Occupation of Cuba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War#Peace_and_aftermath" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Portsmouth" title="Treaty of Portsmouth">Treaty of Portsmouth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates">1906 Nobel Peace Prize</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gentlemen%27s_Agreement_of_1907" title="Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907">Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907</a> </span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_War_College" title="United States Army War College">Army War College</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Hall_(National_War_College)" title="Roosevelt Hall (National War College)">Roosevelt Hall</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association#History" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">College football meetings</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation#History" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Bureau of Investigation</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce_and_Labor" title="United States Department of Commerce and Labor">Department of Commerce and Labor</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Corporations" title="Bureau of Corporations">Bureau of Corporations</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Department_Methods" title="Committee on Department Methods">Keep Commission</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inland_Waterways_Commission" title="Inland Waterways Commission">Inland Waterways Commission</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">Bureau of the Census</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Great_White_Fleet" title="Great White Fleet">Great White Fleet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perdicaris_affair" title="Perdicaris affair">Perdicaris affair</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Theodore_Roosevelt#Cabinet" title="Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt">Cabinet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/West_Wing" title="West Wing">White House West Wing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1901_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1901 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address, 1901</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1906_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1906 State of the Union Address">1906</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1908_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1908 State of the Union Address">1908</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_desk" title="Theodore Roosevelt desk">White House desk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="List of federal judges appointed by Theodore Roosevelt">Federal judiciary appointments</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rough_Riders" title="Rough Riders">Rough Riders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Las_Guasimas" title="Battle of Las Guasimas">Battle of Las Guasimas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill" title="Battle of San Juan Hill">Battle of San Juan Hill</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bull_Moose_Party" title="Bull Moose Party">"Bull Moose" Progressive Party</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Nationalism_(Theodore_Roosevelt)" title="New Nationalism (Theodore Roosevelt)">New Nationalism</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Attempted assassination of Theodore Roosevelt">Assassination attempt</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boone_and_Crockett_Club" title="Boone and Crockett Club">Boone and Crockett Club</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian%E2%80%93Roosevelt_African_expedition" title="Smithsonian–Roosevelt African expedition">Smithsonian–Roosevelt African expedition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt%E2%80%93Rondon_Scientific_Expedition" title="Roosevelt–Rondon Scientific Expedition">"River of Doubt" Amazonian expedition</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and<br />homes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Birthplace_National_Historic_Site" title="Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site">Birthplace, boyhood home replica</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sagamore_Hill" title="Sagamore Hill">Sagamore Hill Home and Museum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt%27s_Maltese_Cross_Cabin" title="Theodore Roosevelt's Maltese Cross Cabin">Maltese Cross Cabin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elkhorn_Ranch" title="Elkhorn Ranch">Elkhorn Ranch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pine_Knot_(cabin)" title="Pine Knot (cabin)">Pine Knot cabin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Youngs_Memorial_Cemetery" title="Youngs Memorial Cemetery">Gravesite</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writings<br />and speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_bibliography" title="Theodore Roosevelt bibliography">Theodore Roosevelt bibliography</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Naval_War_of_1812" title="The Naval War of 1812"><i>The Naval War of 1812</i> (1882 book)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Strenuous_Life" title="The Strenuous Life">"The Strenuous Life" (1899 speech)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/League_to_Enforce_Peace" title="League to Enforce Peace">League to Enforce Peace</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_in_a_Republic" title="Citizenship in a Republic">"Citizenship in a Republic" (1910 speech)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Progressive_Cause_Greater_Than_Any_Individual" class="extiw" title="s:Progressive Cause Greater Than Any Individual">"Progressive Cause Greater Than Any Individual" (1912 post-assassination-attempt speech)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt:_An_Autobiography" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography"><i>Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography</i> (1913 book)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Forum_(American_magazine)#Contributions_from_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="The Forum (American magazine)"><i>The Forum</i> magazine articles</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Cyclopedia" title="Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia">Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Association#Theodore_Roosevelt_Collection" title="Theodore Roosevelt Association">Archival collections</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Electoral history of Theodore Roosevelt">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1898_New_York_state_election" title="1898 New York state election">1898 New York state election</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Republican National Convention: <a href="/wiki/1900_Republican_National_Convention" title="1900 Republican National Convention">1900</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1904_Republican_National_Convention" title="1904 Republican National Convention">1904</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1912_Republican_National_Convention" title="1912 Republican National Convention">1912</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1916_Republican_National_Convention" title="1916 Republican National Convention">1916</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">United States presidential elections: <a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_presidential_election" title="1900 United States presidential election">1900</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election" title="1904 United States presidential election">1904</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Bibliography of Theodore Roosevelt">Bibliography</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Digital_Library" title="Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library">Theodore Roosevelt Center and Digital Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Room" title="Roosevelt Room">White House Roosevelt Room</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_National_Park" title="Theodore Roosevelt National Park">Theodore Roosevelt National Park</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness">Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Island" title="Theodore Roosevelt Island">Theodore Roosevelt Island</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_National_Forest" title="Roosevelt National Forest">Roosevelt National Forest</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Park_(San_Antonio)" title="Roosevelt Park (San Antonio)">Roosevelt Park (San Antonio)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Institute_for_American_Studies" title="Roosevelt Institute for American Studies">Roosevelt Study Center</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Association" title="Theodore Roosevelt Association">Theodore Roosevelt Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore_Anniversary_coins" title="Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins">Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Statues</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_Statue_of_Theodore_Roosevelt_(New_York_City)" title="Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt (New York City)">New York City</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt,_Rough_Rider" title="Theodore Roosevelt, Rough Rider">Portland, Oregon</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Memorial_Park" title="Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Park">Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Park</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Monument_Assemblage" title="Theodore Roosevelt Monument Assemblage">Monument Assemblage</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Monument" title="Theodore Roosevelt Monument">Theodore Roosevelt Monument</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Memorial_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Theodore Roosevelt Memorial (Portland, Oregon)">Roosevelt Memorial, Portland, Oregon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Presidential_Library" title="Theodore Roosevelt Presidential Library">Proposed presidential library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_United_States_Courthouse" title="Theodore Roosevelt United States Courthouse">Theodore Roosevelt United States Courthouse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_River" title="Roosevelt River">Roosevelt River</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Bridge" title="Theodore Roosevelt Bridge">Theodore Roosevelt Bridge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Memorial_Bridge" title="Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Bridge">Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Bridge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Award" title="Theodore Roosevelt Award">Theodore Roosevelt Award</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/USS_Theodore_Roosevelt_(ID-1478)" title="USS Theodore Roosevelt (ID-1478)">USS <i>Theodore Roosevelt</i> (1906</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Theodore_Roosevelt_(SSBN-600)" title="USS Theodore Roosevelt (SSBN-600)">1961</a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Theodore_Roosevelt_(CVN-71)" title="USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71)">1984</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Road" title="Roosevelt Road">Roosevelt Road</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps#Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. postage stamps</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular<br />culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Teddy_bear" title="Teddy bear">Teddy bear</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Big_stick_ideology" title="Big stick ideology">"Speak softly, and carry a big stick"</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Category:Books about Theodore Roosevelt">Books</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Category:Films about Theodore Roosevelt">Films</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Terrible_Teddy,_the_Grizzly_King" title="Terrible Teddy, the Grizzly King"><i>Terrible Teddy, the Grizzly King</i>, 1901 film</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_in_Africa" title="Roosevelt in Africa"><i>Roosevelt in Africa</i>, 1910 documentary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Rough_Riders_(film)" title="The Rough Riders (film)"><i>The Rough Riders</i>, 1927 film</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Teddy,_the_Rough_Rider" title="Teddy, the Rough Rider"><i>Teddy, the Rough Rider</i>, 1940 film</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rough_Riders_(miniseries)" title="Rough Riders (miniseries)"><i>Rough Riders</i>, 1997 miniseries</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Roosevelts_(miniseries)" title="The Roosevelts (miniseries)"><i>The Roosevelts</i>, 2014 documentary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_(miniseries)" title="Theodore Roosevelt (miniseries)"><i>Theodore Roosevelt</i>, 2022 miniseries</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elkhorn_(TV_series)" title="Elkhorn (TV series)"><i>Elkhorn</i>, 2024 series</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Political positions of Theodore Roosevelt">Political positions</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Bully_pulpit" title="Bully pulpit">Bully pulpit</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ananias_Club" title="Ananias Club">Ananias Club</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Nature_fakers_controversy#Roosevelt's_involvement" title="Nature fakers controversy">Nature fakers</a>"</span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/League_to_Enforce_Peace" title="League to Enforce Peace">League to Enforce Peace</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Guest_of_Honor_(opera)" title="A Guest of Honor (opera)">A Guest of Honor</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Muckraker#Origin_of_the_term,_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Muckraker">Muckraker</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Republican" title="Roosevelt Republican">Roosevelt Republican</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barnes_vs._Roosevelt_libel_trial" title="Barnes vs. Roosevelt libel trial">Barnes vs. Roosevelt libel trial</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_family" title="Roosevelt family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alice_Hathaway_Lee_Roosevelt" title="Alice Hathaway Lee Roosevelt">Alice Hathaway Lee</a> (first wife)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edith_Roosevelt" title="Edith Roosevelt">Edith Kermit Carow</a> (second wife)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alice_Roosevelt_Longworth" title="Alice Roosevelt Longworth">Alice Lee Roosevelt</a> (daughter)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Jr." title="Theodore Roosevelt Jr.">Theodore Roosevelt III</a> (son)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kermit_Roosevelt" title="Kermit Roosevelt">Kermit Roosevelt</a> (son)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Roosevelt_Derby" title="Ethel Roosevelt Derby">Ethel Carow Roosevelt</a> (daughter)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Roosevelt" title="Archibald Roosevelt">Archibald Roosevelt</a> (son)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Roosevelt" title="Quentin Roosevelt">Quentin Roosevelt</a> (son)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_III" title="Theodore Roosevelt III">Theodore Roosevelt IV</a> (grandson)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_V._S._Roosevelt" title="Cornelius V. S. Roosevelt">Cornelius V. S. Roosevelt III</a> (grandson)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Roosevelt_II" title="Quentin Roosevelt II">Quentin Roosevelt II</a> (grandson)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kermit_Roosevelt_Jr." title="Kermit Roosevelt Jr.">Kermit Roosevelt Jr.</a> (grandson)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Willard_Roosevelt" title="Joseph Willard Roosevelt">Joseph Willard Roosevelt</a> (grandson)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edith_Derby_Williams" title="Edith Derby Williams">Edith Roosevelt Derby</a> (granddaughter)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodora_Keogh" title="Theodora Keogh">Theodora Roosevelt</a> (granddaughter)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Sr." title="Theodore Roosevelt Sr.">Theodore Roosevelt Sr.</a> (father)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martha_Bulloch_Roosevelt" title="Martha Bulloch Roosevelt">Martha Bulloch Roosevelt</a> (mother)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bamie_Roosevelt" title="Bamie Roosevelt">Anna "Bamie" Roosevelt</a> (sister)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Roosevelt_(socialite)" title="Elliott Roosevelt (socialite)">Elliott Bulloch Roosevelt</a> (brother)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Corinne_Roosevelt_Robinson" title="Corinne Roosevelt Robinson">Corinne Roosevelt</a> (sister)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Roosevelt" title="Cornelius Roosevelt">Cornelius Roosevelt</a> (grandfather)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Stephens_Bulloch" title="James Stephens Bulloch">James Stephens Bulloch</a> (grandfather)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_A._Roosevelt" title="James A. Roosevelt">James Alfred Roosevelt</a> (uncle)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Roosevelt" title="Robert Roosevelt">Robert Barnhill Roosevelt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Anna Eleanor Roosevelt</a> (niece)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hall_Roosevelt" title="Hall Roosevelt">Gracie Hall Roosevelt</a> (nephew)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pete_(Theodore_Roosevelt%27s_dog)" title="Pete (Theodore Roosevelt's dog)">Pete</a> (dog)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">← William McKinley</a></b></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft →</a></b></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Garret_Hobart" title="Garret Hobart">← Garret Hobart</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Category:Theodore Roosevelt">Category</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1891156#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1891156#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1891156#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404043120">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/155555932">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/532793/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/16290861-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79054932">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119862057">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119862057">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35567999">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Spojené státy americké. Forest Service"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2008435546&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007289116105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500247418">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/3714">Photographers' Identities</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/067107044">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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