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Folleto" width="300" height="300" srcset="https://www.fusion.ciemat.es/files/2015/11/TJ-I-Folleto-300x300.jpg 300w, https://www.fusion.ciemat.es/files/2015/11/TJ-I-Folleto-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.fusion.ciemat.es/files/2015/11/TJ-I-Folleto-299x300.jpg 299w, https://www.fusion.ciemat.es/files/2015/11/TJ-I-Folleto.jpg 503w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-2376" class="wp-caption-text">TJ-I tokamak. First magnetical confinement device operated in Spain.</p></div> <p>The TJ-I tokamak was the first magnetic confinement device at <a title="CIEMAT" href="http://fusionwiki.ciemat.es/wiki/CIEMAT">CIEMAT</a> (then JEN). Its name is an abbreviation for ‘Tokamak de la Junta’ (de Energía Nuclear, i.e., JEN) number I. It started operation in 1983, and has been operational until 1995. Ohmic heating was used.</p> <p>This device has been the subject of many research programmes dedicated to the study of physical processes in tokamak plasmas:</p> <ul> <li>basic confinement studies (transport, electric fields, isotope effect)</li> <li>edge physics</li> <li>turbulence studies (driving mechanisms, turbulent transport)</li> <li>plasma-wall interaction (carbonization, boronization)</li> <li>diagnostic development (microwave reflectometry, radiation detectors, probes, atomic beams,…)</li> </ul> <p><em>TJ-I Parameters:</em><br /> Major radius, R<sub>0</sub> = 0.30 m<br /> Minur radius, a = 0.10 m<br /> Plasma current, I<sub>p</sub> = 30 kA<br /> Toroidal magnetic field, B<sub>T</sub> = 1.0 – 1.4 T<br /> Electron density, n<sub>e</sub> = 1.3*10<sup>13</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup></p> <div id="attachment_2382" style="width: 310px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="https://www.fusion.ciemat.es/files/2015/11/TJ-IU.png"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-2382" class="wp-image-2382 size-medium" src="https://www.fusion.ciemat.es/files/2015/11/TJ-IU-300x187.png" alt="TJ-IU" width="300" height="187" srcset="https://www.fusion.ciemat.es/files/2015/11/TJ-IU-300x187.png 300w, https://www.fusion.ciemat.es/files/2015/11/TJ-IU.png 406w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-2382" class="wp-caption-text">TJ-IU helocoidal field coil (yellow) and plasma (purple)</p></div> <hr /> <p><strong>TJ-IU torsatron</strong></p> <p>The second magnetic confinement device operated at Ciemat is the torsatron TJ-IU, and it was designed and built by Ciemat scientists and engineers. In this device, a single coil generates the helicoidal magnetic field (l = 1) where the number of coil turns around the vacuum chamber is six (m = 6). Finally, a set of vertical field coils generates the vertical magnetic field.</p> <p>The name “TJ-IU” was given to this machine as it was considered an upgrade (“U”) of the TJ-I device, in the sense that much of its auxiliary equipment was recycled from the TJ-I. Moreover, the main device components were fabricated in CIEMAT workshops: vacuum chamber, coil winding, etc. In 1999, the TJ-IU was transferred to Kiel, Germany where it was renamed the TJ-K, and later in 2005 it was moved to the IGVP institute in Stuttgart, Germany. In its reincarnation as TJ-K, the device is operated with a low magnetic field (about 0.07 T) and low heating powers (1-6 kW of ECRH heating). As a result the main plasma parameters are as follows (electron density: 0.5 × 10<sup>19</sup> m<sup>-3</sup>; electron temperature: 10 eV; ion temperature: 1 eV).</p> <p><em>TJ-IU Parameters:<br /> </em></p> <div id="attachment_2192" style="width: 310px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="https://www.fusion.ciemat.es/files/2015/10/1994a.jpg"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-2192" class="wp-image-2192 size-medium" title="1994a" src="https://www.fusion.ciemat.es/files/2015/10/1994a-300x236.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="236" srcset="https://www.fusion.ciemat.es/files/2015/10/1994a-300x236.jpg 300w, https://www.fusion.ciemat.es/files/2015/10/1994a.jpg 1024w, https://www.fusion.ciemat.es/files/2015/10/1994a-382x300.jpg 382w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-2192" class="wp-caption-text">TJ-IU vacuum chamber fabricated at CIEMAT workshops</p></div> <p>Major Radius, R<sub>0</sub> = 0.60 m<br /> Main plasma radius, a = 0.10 m<br /> Minor radius of coils, R<sub>0</sub> = 0.24 m<br /> Number of periods, m = 6<br /> Rotational transform on axis, I<span style="font-size: 10px; line-height: 10px;">0</span> = 0.30<br /> Magnetic well depth = 6.9%<br /> Magnetic ripple on axis = 7.6 %<br /> Magnetic shear = almost zero<br /> Helical axis elongation = 0.025 m<br /> Toroidal magnetic field B<sub>T</sub> = 0.5 T<br /> (2<sup>nd</sup> Harmonic Electron Cyclotron Heating, 28 – 37.5 GHz) = 200kW<br /> Electron density, n<sub>e</sub> = 0.5*10<sup>13</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup></p> <div id="attachment_2388" style="width: 1034px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><a href="https://www.fusion.ciemat.es/files/2015/11/GRUPO.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-2388" class="wp-image-2388 size-full" src="https://www.fusion.ciemat.es/files/2015/11/GRUPO.jpg" alt="GRUPO" width="1024" height="792" srcset="https://www.fusion.ciemat.es/files/2015/11/GRUPO.jpg 1024w, https://www.fusion.ciemat.es/files/2015/11/GRUPO-300x232.jpg 300w, https://www.fusion.ciemat.es/files/2015/11/GRUPO-388x300.jpg 388w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-2388" class="wp-caption-text">TJ-IU team (1997)</p></div> </div> <footer class="entry-meta"> </footer> </article> <div id="comments"> </div> </div> </div> <div id="secondary" class="widget-area" role="complementary"> <aside id="block-4" class="widget widget_block widget_text"> <p><strong>News - noticias</strong></p> </aside><aside id="block-5" class="widget widget_block widget_text"> <p><ul class="display-posts-listing"><li class="listing-item"><a class="title" href="https://www.fusion.ciemat.es/lnf/inauguration-of-the-sculpture-of-the-stellarator-tj-ii-at-the-science-park/">Inauguration of the sculpture of the Stellarator TJ-II at the Science Park</a></li><li class="listing-item"><a class="title" href="https://www.fusion.ciemat.es/lnf/pursuing-fusion-power/">Pursuing fusion 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noreferrer" class="ctf-author-name" >EIROforum</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/eiroforum" class="ctf-author-screenname" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" >@eiroforum</a> <span class="ctf-screename-sep">·</span> <div class="ctf-tweet-meta" > <a href="https://twitter.com/eiroforum/status/1889262410630041662" class="ctf-tweet-date" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" >11 Feb</a> </div> </div> <div class="ctf-corner-logo" > <svg class="svg-inline--fa fa-twitter fa-w-16" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="twitter logo" data-fa-processed="" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="twitter" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"></path></svg> </div> </div> <div class="ctf-tweet-content"> <p class="ctf-tweet-text"> Happy International Day of #WomenAndGirlsInScience! <br /> <br /> To celebrate, our members @CERN @embl @esa @ESO @esrfsynchrotron @FusionInCloseUp @fusionforenergy @EuropeanXFEL & Institut Laue-Langevin "passed the phone" to some of their female scientists!<br /> <br /> #PassThePhoneSTEM #WomenInSTEM </p> </div> <div class="ctf-tweet-actions" > <a 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