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id="toc-In_science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87e%C5%9Fir_pi%C5%9Fiyi_(personaj)" title="Çeşir pişiyi (personaj) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çeşir pişiyi (personaj)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gat_de_Cheshire" title="Gat de Cheshire – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gat de Cheshire" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C4%8Dka_%C5%A0kl%C3%ADba" title="Kočka Šklíba – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kočka Šklíba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheshire_Cat" title="Cheshire Cat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cheshire Cat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%AC%CE%B9%CF%81" title="Γάτος του Τσεσάιρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γάτος του Τσεσάιρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gato_de_Cheshire" title="Gato de Cheshire – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gato de Cheshire" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheshire_Katua" title="Cheshire Katua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Cheshire Katua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chat_du_Cheshire" title="Chat du Cheshire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chat du Cheshire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gato_de_Cheshire" title="Gato de Cheshire – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gato de Cheshire" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%B4%EC%85%94_%EA%B3%A0%EC%96%91%EC%9D%B4" title="체셔 고양이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="체셔 고양이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A5%D5%B7%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Չեշիրյան կատու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չեշիրյան կատու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheshire_Cat" title="Cheshire Cat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cheshire Cat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatto_del_Cheshire" title="Gatto del Cheshire – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gatto del Cheshire" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%A6%27%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8" title="חתול צ'שייר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חתול צ'שייר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheshire_Cat_(personage)" title="Cheshire Cat (personage) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cheshire Cat (personage)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E7%8C%AB" title="チェシャ猫 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チェシャ猫" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheshir_Mushugi" title="Cheshir Mushugi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Cheshir Mushugi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kot_z_Cheshire" title="Kot z Cheshire – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kot z Cheshire" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gato_de_Cheshire" title="Gato de Cheshire – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gato de Cheshire" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisica_de_Cheshire" title="Pisica de Cheshire – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pisica de Cheshire" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Чеширский Кот – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чеширский Кот" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheshire_cat" title="Cheshire cat – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cheshire cat" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheshirekatten" title="Cheshirekatten – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cheshirekatten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%82" title="Чеширський кіт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чеширський кіт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%B4%E9%83%A1%E7%8C%AB" title="柴郡猫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="柴郡猫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q934013#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a character mainly associated with Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cheshire_Cat_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cheshire Cat (disambiguation)">Cheshire Cat (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fictional character</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394594">.mw-parser-output .ib-character{border-spacing:2px 5px}.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background-color:#DEDEE2}.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-image img{background-color:#f8f9fa}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background:hsl(240,6%,20%);color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background:hsl(240,6%,20%);color:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-character"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above notheme">Cheshire Cat</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland" title="Alice's Adventures in Wonderland">Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</a></i> character</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tennel_Cheshire_proof.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Tennel_Cheshire_proof.png/220px-Tennel_Cheshire_proof.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Tennel_Cheshire_proof.png/330px-Tennel_Cheshire_proof.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Tennel_Cheshire_proof.png/440px-Tennel_Cheshire_proof.png 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="583" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Cheshire Cat as illustrator <a href="/wiki/John_Tenniel" title="John Tenniel">John Tenniel</a> depicted it in the 1865 publication</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Carroll" title="Lewis Carroll">Lewis Carroll</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">In-universe information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Species</th><td class="infobox-data">Cat</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Gender</th><td class="infobox-data">Male (the Queen of Hearts cries "off with <i>his</i> head" when the cat upsets the king)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Quote</th><td class="infobox-data">"Most everyone's mad here." "You may have noticed that I'm not all there myself."</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Cheshire Cat</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɪər/: 'ear' in 'near'">ɪər</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">CHESH</span>-ər, -⁠eer</i></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_felines" title="List of fictional felines"> fictional cat</a> popularised by <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Carroll" title="Lewis Carroll">Lewis Carroll</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland" title="Alice's Adventures in Wonderland">Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</a></i> and known for its distinctive mischievous grin. While now most often used in <i>Alice</i>-related contexts, the association of a "Cheshire cat" with grinning predates the 1865 book. It has transcended the context of literature and become enmeshed in popular culture, appearing in various forms of media, from political cartoons to television, as well as in cross-disciplinary studies, from business to science. Often it is shown in the context of a person or idea that is purposefully confusing or enigmatic. One distinguishing feature of the <i>Alice</i>-style Cheshire Cat is the periodic gradual disappearance of its body, leaving only one last visible trace: its iconic grin. He belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Duchess_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="Duchess (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">Duchess</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheshire_Cat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The first known appearance of the expression in literature is in the 18th century, in <a href="/wiki/Francis_Grose" title="Francis Grose">Francis Grose</a>'s <i>A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue</i>, Second, Corrected and Enlarged Edition (1788), which contains the following entry: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i><b>Cheshire cat</b></i>. <i>He grins like a Cheshire cat</i>; said of any one who shows his teeth and gums in laughing.</p></blockquote><p> The phrase appears again in print in <a href="/wiki/John_Wolcot" title="John Wolcot">John Wolcot</a>'s pseudonymous <a href="/wiki/John_Wolcot" title="John Wolcot">Peter Pindar</a>'s <i>Pair of Lyric Epistles</i> (1792):<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Lo, like a Cheshire cat our court will grin."</p></blockquote><p> The phrase also appears in print in <a href="/wiki/William_Makepeace_Thackeray" title="William Makepeace Thackeray">William Makepeace Thackeray</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Newcomes" title="The Newcomes">The Newcomes</a></i> (1855):<sup id="cite_ref-Ayto_2005_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ayto_2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"That woman grins like a Cheshire cat."</p></blockquote> <p>There are numerous theories about the origin of the phrase "grinning like a Cheshire Cat" in English history. A possible origin of the phrase is one favoured by the people of <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a>, a county in England which boasts numerous dairy farms; hence the cats grin because of the abundance of milk and cream.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In 1853, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Maunder" title="Samuel Maunder">Samuel Maunder</a> offered this explanation:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>This phrase owes its origin to the unhappy attempts of a sign painter of that country to represent a lion rampant, which was the crest of an influential family, on the sign-boards of many of the inns. The resemblance of these <i>lions</i> to <i>cats</i> caused them to be generally called by the more ignoble name. A similar case is to be found in the village of Charlton, between Pewsey and Devizes, Wiltshire. A public-house by the roadside is commonly known by the name of <i>The Cat at Charlton</i>. The sign of the house was originally a lion or tiger, or some such animal, the crest of the family of Sir Edward Poore.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>According to <i><a href="/wiki/Brewer%27s_Dictionary_of_Phrase_and_Fable" title="Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable">Brewer's Dictionary</a></i> (1870), "The phrase has never been satisfactorily accounted for, but it has been said that cheese was formerly sold in Cheshire moulded like a cat that looked as though it was grinning".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cheese was cut from the tail end, so that the last part eaten was the head of the smiling cat.<sup id="cite_ref-Gardner1999_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner1999-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A later edition of Brewer's adds another possible explanation, similar to Maunder's, that a painter in Cheshire once used to paint grinning lions on inns.<sup id="cite_ref-Ayto_2005_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ayto_2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dictionary does not expand further on this, its editors possibly considering the connection between cats and lions self-explanatory or obvious. </p><p>A 2015 article published in the <i>Cheshire History</i> journal examined these suggested origins, along with numerous others seen on the internet.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The author, Peter Young, considered most to be "inventive" but unlikely. In his analysis, the essential feature of any actual historical explanation would be one that demonstrated its innate connection to Cheshire: An idiom that retained the localism while spreading nationwide, would, in his view, need to be strongly connected to the county, in the minds of people elsewhere. For this reason, he favours the well-fed farm cats of Cheshire's dairying environment—a widely-known and well-promoted idea at the time the phrase arose—as the best candidate for the origin of the <i>Cheshire Cat</i> idiom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lewis_Carroll's_character"><span id="Lewis_Carroll.27s_character"></span>Lewis Carroll's character</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheshire_Cat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Lewis Carroll's character"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Cheshire Cat is now largely identified with the character of the same name in Lewis Carroll's 1865 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland" title="Alice's Adventures in Wonderland">Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</a></i>. Alice first encounters the Cheshire Cat at <a href="/wiki/Duchess_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="Duchess (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">the Duchess</a>'s house in her kitchen, and later on the branches of a tree, where it appears and disappears at will, and engages Alice in amusing but sometimes perplexing conversation. The cat sometimes raises philosophical points that annoy or baffle <a href="/wiki/Alice_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="Alice (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">Alice</a>; but appears to cheer her when it appears suddenly at the <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Hearts_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="Queen of Hearts (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">Queen of Hearts</a>' <a href="/wiki/Croquet" title="Croquet">croquet</a> field; and when sentenced to death, baffles everyone by having made its head appear without its body, sparking a debate between the executioner and the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Hearts_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="King of Hearts (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">King</a> and Queen of Hearts about whether a disembodied head can indeed be <a href="/wiki/Decapitation" title="Decapitation">beheaded</a>. At one point, the cat disappears gradually until nothing is left but its grin, prompting Alice to remark that "she has often seen a cat without a grin but never a grin without a cat".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oxford_professor_E.B._Pusey">Oxford professor E.B. Pusey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheshire_Cat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Oxford professor E.B. Pusey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The scholar <a href="/wiki/David_Day_(Canadian_writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Day (Canadian writer)">David Day</a> has proposed Lewis Carroll's cat was <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bouverie_Pusey" title="Edward Bouverie Pusey">Edward Bouverie Pusey</a>, Oxford professor of Hebrew and Carroll's mentor.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kette_Kettenkurve_Catenary_2008_PD.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kette_Kettenkurve_Catenary_2008_PD.JPG/220px-Kette_Kettenkurve_Catenary_2008_PD.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kette_Kettenkurve_Catenary_2008_PD.JPG/330px-Kette_Kettenkurve_Catenary_2008_PD.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Kette_Kettenkurve_Catenary_2008_PD.JPG/440px-Kette_Kettenkurve_Catenary_2008_PD.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>A hanging chain forms a <a href="/wiki/Catenary" title="Catenary">catenary</a>.</figcaption></figure><p>The name Pusey was suggested by Alice's deferential address of the cat as "Cheshire Puss". Pusey was an authority on the <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">fathers of the Christian Church</a>, and in Carroll's time Pusey was known as the Patristic Catenary (or chain), after the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">chain of authority</a> of Church patriarchs. </p><p>As a mathematician, Carroll would have been well familiar with the other meaning of <a href="/wiki/Catenary" title="Catenary">catenary</a>: the curve of a horizontally-suspended chain, which suggests the shape of the cat's grin.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>Riddle</i>: What kind of a cat can grin? <i>Answer</i>: A Catenary.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>David Day, Queen's Quarterly (2010)</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Source_of_imagery">Source of imagery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheshire_Cat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Source of imagery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sandstone_carving_of_%27Cheshire_Cat%27,_St_Wilfrid%27s_Church,_Grappenhall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sandstone_carving_of_%27Cheshire_Cat%27%2C_St_Wilfrid%27s_Church%2C_Grappenhall.jpg/200px-Sandstone_carving_of_%27Cheshire_Cat%27%2C_St_Wilfrid%27s_Church%2C_Grappenhall.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Sandstone_carving_of_%27Cheshire_Cat%27%2C_St_Wilfrid%27s_Church%2C_Grappenhall.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="140" /></a><figcaption>Grinning Cheshire Cat, <a href="/wiki/St_Wilfrid%27s_Church,_Grappenhall" title="St Wilfrid's Church, Grappenhall">St Wilfrid's Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grappenhall" title="Grappenhall">Grappenhall</a>, Cheshire</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cheshire_cat_head.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cheshire_cat_head.jpg/220px-Cheshire_cat_head.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cheshire_cat_head.jpg/330px-Cheshire_cat_head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Cheshire_cat_head.jpg/440px-Cheshire_cat_head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1290" data-file-height="1107" /></a><figcaption>The cat carving in St Nicolas's Church, <a href="/wiki/Cranleigh" title="Cranleigh">Cranleigh</a>, Surrey</figcaption></figure> <p>There is a suggestion that Carroll found inspiration for the name and expression of the Cheshire Cat in the 16th century sandstone carving of a grinning cat, on the west face of <a href="/wiki/St_Wilfrid%27s_Church,_Grappenhall" title="St Wilfrid's Church, Grappenhall">St Wilfrid's Church</a> tower in <a href="/wiki/Grappenhall" title="Grappenhall">Grappenhall</a>, a village 4.9 mi (7.9 km) from his birthplace in <a href="/wiki/Daresbury" title="Daresbury">Daresbury</a>, Cheshire.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lewis Carroll's father, Reverend <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dodgson_(priest)" title="Charles Dodgson (priest)">Charles Dodgson</a>, was Rector of Croft and Archdeacon of Richmond in North Yorkshire, England, from 1843 to 1868; Carroll lived here from 1843 to 1850.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some historians believe Lewis Carroll's Cheshire Cat in <i>Alice in Wonderland</i> was inspired by a carving in <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Peter,_Croft-on-Tees" title="Church of St Peter, Croft-on-Tees">Croft church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gardner1999_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner1999-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 62">: 62 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Britskorthaar-64091287828362D7bA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Britskorthaar-64091287828362D7bA.jpg/200px-Britskorthaar-64091287828362D7bA.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Britskorthaar-64091287828362D7bA.jpg/300px-Britskorthaar-64091287828362D7bA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Britskorthaar-64091287828362D7bA.jpg/400px-Britskorthaar-64091287828362D7bA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="615" /></a><figcaption>A fully mature <a href="/wiki/British_Shorthair" title="British Shorthair">British Shorthair</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Another possible inspiration was the <a href="/wiki/British_Shorthair" title="British Shorthair">British Shorthair</a>: Carroll saw a representative British Shorthair illustrated on a label of Cheshire cheese.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Cat_Fanciers%27_Association" title="Cat Fanciers' Association">Cat Fanciers' Association</a> profile reads: “When gracelessness is observed, the British Shorthair is duly embarrassed, quickly recovering with a 'Cheshire cat smile'”.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1992, members of the Lewis Carroll Society attributed it to a <a href="/wiki/Gargoyle" title="Gargoyle">gargoyle</a> found on a pillar in St Nicolas's Church, <a href="/wiki/Cranleigh" title="Cranleigh">Cranleigh</a>, where Carroll used to travel frequently when he lived in Guildford (though this is doubtful, as he moved to Guildford some three years after <i>Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</i> had been published) and a carving in a church in the village of <a href="/wiki/Croft-on-Tees" title="Croft-on-Tees">Croft-on-Tees</a>, in the north east of England, where his father had been <a href="/wiki/Rector_(ecclesiastical)" title="Rector (ecclesiastical)">rector</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carroll is believed to have visited <a href="/wiki/St_Christopher%27s_Church,_Pott_Shrigley" title="St Christopher's Church, Pott Shrigley">St Christopher's church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pott_Shrigley" title="Pott Shrigley">Pott Shrigley</a>, Cheshire, which has a stone sculpture resembling the pictorial cat in the book.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Adaptions"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheshire_Cat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Cheshire Cat character has been re-depicted by other creators and used as the inspiration for new characters, primarily in screen media (film, television, video games) and print media (literature, comics, art). Other non-media contexts that embrace the Cheshire Cat include music, business, and science. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TCMI_Cheshire_Cat_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/TCMI_Cheshire_Cat_1.jpg/220px-TCMI_Cheshire_Cat_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/TCMI_Cheshire_Cat_1.jpg/330px-TCMI_Cheshire_Cat_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/TCMI_Cheshire_Cat_1.jpg/440px-TCMI_Cheshire_Cat_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption>A Cheshire cat stuffed toy from <a href="/wiki/The_Children%27s_Museum_of_Indianapolis" title="The Children's Museum of Indianapolis">The Children's Museum of Indianapolis</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lysergic.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Lysergic.JPG/220px-Lysergic.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Lysergic.JPG/330px-Lysergic.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Lysergic.JPG/440px-Lysergic.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Several <a href="/wiki/Lysergic_acid_diethylamide" class="mw-redirect" title="Lysergic acid diethylamide">LSD</a> <a href="/wiki/Blotting_paper#Drugs" title="Blotting paper">blotters</a>, one of which features the Cheshire Cat's face as depicted in Disney's 1951 film</figcaption></figure> <p>Prior to 1951 when <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">Walt Disney</a> released an animated adaptation of the story (see below), there were few post-Alice allusions to the character. <a href="/wiki/Martin_Gardner" title="Martin Gardner">Martin Gardner</a>, author of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Annotated_Alice" title="The Annotated Alice">The Annotated Alice</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Gardner1999_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner1999-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wondered if <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a> had the Cheshire Cat in mind when writing <i>Morning at the Window</i>, but notes no other significant allusions in the pre-war period.<sup id="cite_ref-Gardner1999_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner1999-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 62">: 62 </span></sup> </p><p>Images of and references to the Cheshire Cat cropped up with increasing frequency in the 1960s and 1970s, along with more frequent references to Carroll's works in general. (<i>See generally</i> the lyrics to <i><a href="/wiki/White_Rabbit_(song)" title="White Rabbit (song)">White Rabbit</a></i> by the rock group <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Airplane" title="Jefferson Airplane">Jefferson Airplane</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cheshire Cat appeared on <a href="/wiki/Lysergic_acid_diethylamide" class="mw-redirect" title="Lysergic acid diethylamide">LSD</a> blotters, as well as in song lyrics and popular fiction.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Disney's 1951 animated film, <i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1951_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (1951 film)">Alice in Wonderland</a></i>, the Cheshire Cat is depicted as an intelligent and mischievous character that sometimes helps Alice and sometimes gets her into trouble. He frequently sings the first verse of the <a href="/wiki/Jabberwocky" title="Jabberwocky">Jabberwocky</a> poem. The animated character was voiced by <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Holloway" title="Sterling Holloway">Sterling Holloway</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1985_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (1985 film)">1985 television adaptation</a> of Carroll's books, the Cheshire Cat is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Telly_Savalas" title="Telly Savalas">Telly Savalas</a>. He sings a morose song called "There's No Way Home", which simply drives Alice to try and find a way home even more. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1999_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (1999 film)">1999 television adaptation</a> of Carroll's books, the Cheshire Cat is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Whoopi_Goldberg" title="Whoopi Goldberg">Whoopi Goldberg</a>. She acts as an ally and friend to Alice. </p><p>The Cheshire Cat appears in Walt Disney's 2010 <a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(2010_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)"><i>Alice in Wonderland</i></a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a>. British actor <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Fry" title="Stephen Fry">Stephen Fry</a> voices the character.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the film, Cheshire (as he is often called; or sometimes "Ches") binds the wound Alice suffered earlier by the <a href="/wiki/Bandersnatch" title="Bandersnatch">Bandersnatch</a> and guides her to <a href="/wiki/Hatter_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="Hatter (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">Tarrant Hightopp, the Mad Hatter</a> and <a href="/wiki/March_Hare" title="March Hare">Thackery Earwicket, the March Hare</a>. He is blamed by the Hatter for desertion when the White Queen is deposed by the Red; but later impersonates the Hatter when the latter is sentenced to decapitation. Throughout his appearances, "Ches" is able to make himself intangible or weightless, as well as invisible (and thus to survive decapitation), and is usually depicted in mid-air, at shoulder-height to human-sized characters.<sup id="cite_ref-script_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-script-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the video game adaptation of the movie, "Ches" is a playable character who can not only turn himself invisible, but other objects around him as well. </p><p>In October 2019, it was reported that an undetermined Cheshire Cat project is being developed by Disney for its streaming service, <a href="/wiki/Disney%2B" title="Disney+">Disney+</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Wonderland_Bakery" title="Alice's Wonderland Bakery">Alice's Wonderland Bakery</a></i>, a series set several generations after the Disney film, the Cheshire Cat, voiced by <a href="/wiki/Max_Mittelman" title="Max Mittelman">Max Mittelman</a>, is depicted as an immortal, being the only character besides the Doorknob not to be represented through a descendant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cross-screen_comparison">Cross-screen comparison</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheshire_Cat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cross-screen comparison"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each major film adaptation of Lewis Carroll's tale represents the Cheshire Cat character and his traits uniquely. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="max-width: 10em;">Screen adaptation</th> <th scope="col" style="max-width: 10em;">Detail</th> <th>Image</th> <th>Cheshire Cat's behaviour</th> <th>Cheshire Cat's appearance </th></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1951_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (1951 film)">Alice in Wonderland</a></i> (1951)<sup id="cite_ref-IMDB_1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDB_1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Animated film. Cheshire Cat voiced by <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Holloway" title="Sterling Holloway">Sterling Holloway</a>. </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:DisneyCheshireCat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8e/DisneyCheshireCat.jpg/220px-DisneyCheshireCat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8e/DisneyCheshireCat.jpg/330px-DisneyCheshireCat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8e/DisneyCheshireCat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="348" data-file-height="286" /></a></span></td> <td>Mischievous, and takes pleasure in misdirecting Alice. He is able to dislocate his head from his body (does so in jest), but is also capable of invisibility, and frequently enters and exits the scene with all parts faded away except for his grin or eyes.</td> <td>Thick build and a primarily pink coat with purple stripes. Wide smile and close-set, piercing yellow eyes. Character always depicted in good lighting with strong visibility, unlike other adaptations which obscure or shadow him </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Adventures_in_Wonderland_(1992_TV_series)" title="Adventures in Wonderland (1992 TV series)">Adventures in Wonderland</a></i> (1991–1995)<sup id="cite_ref-IMDB_2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDB_2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Broadcast TV show. Cheshire Cat voiced by Richard Kuhlman. </td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <td>A sarcastic and playful rendition of the character. In this adaptation, the Cheshire Cat has the ability to appear and disappear in any location. He is quick to play <a href="/wiki/Practical_joke" title="Practical joke">practical jokes</a> on the other characters in the show.</td> <td>Closer resemblance to a tiger or lioness than a house cat. Coat has a lilac base with stripes painted in a violet accent color. Form possesses human-like mouth and facial structure </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1999_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (1999 film)">Alice in Wonderland</a></i> (1999)<sup id="cite_ref-IMDB_4_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDB_4-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Made-for-TV movie. Cheshire Cat voiced by <a href="/wiki/Whoopi_Goldberg" title="Whoopi Goldberg">Whoopi Goldberg</a>. </td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> </td> <td>A grinning cat who teaches Alice "the rules" of Wonderland. Her favorite pastime is appearing and disappearing.</td> <td>A fluffy grey cat with a human face and feline features </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(2010_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)">Alice in Wonderland</a></i> (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-IMDB_3_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDB_3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Alice_Through_the_Looking_Glass_(2016_film)" title="Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016 film)">Alice Through the Looking Glass</a></i> (2016) </td> <td>Live-action/CGI animation films. Cheshire Cat <span class="avoidwrap" style="display:inline-block;">played by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Fry" title="Stephen Fry">Stephen Fry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IMDB_3_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDB_3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cheshire_Cat_Tim_Burton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/25/Cheshire_Cat_Tim_Burton.jpg/220px-Cheshire_Cat_Tim_Burton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/25/Cheshire_Cat_Tim_Burton.jpg/330px-Cheshire_Cat_Tim_Burton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/25/Cheshire_Cat_Tim_Burton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="369" data-file-height="270" /></a></span></td> <td>Disappearing and reappearing at will, and able even to change his size, levitate himself, assume the appearances of other characters, and become intangible at will. The cat plays a few jokes and toys with the other characters, but is helpful on a few occasions. He speaks in a slow and fluid manner.</td> <td>More slender build, with a round head and grey coat with blue stripes. Bright aqua eyes (with slit-shaped pupils) and prominent teeth. Often more backlit than other adaptations, with only a faint, <a href="/wiki/Bioluminescence" title="Bioluminescence">bioluminescent glow</a> bringing his features into view </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In addition to the Cheshire Cat's appearances in films central to its <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Carroll" title="Lewis Carroll">Lewis Carroll</a> origins, the Cheshire Cat has been featured in other cinematic works. The late filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Chris_Marker" title="Chris Marker">Chris Marker</a> gave his monumental documentary on the New Left movement of 1967–1977, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Grin_Without_a_Cat" title="A Grin Without a Cat">Le fond de l'air est rouge</a></i> (1977), the English title <i>Grin without a Cat</i>. Like the original, it signifies that revolution was in the air, but failed to take root. In the film, it is also stated: <i>a spearhead without a spear, a grin without a cat</i>. A later Marker film, <i>Chats perchés (2004) (The Case of the Grinning Cat</i> in English)<i>,</i> examined the context of <a href="/wiki/M._Chat" title="M. Chat">M. Chat</a> street art in France<i>.</i> </p><p>The Cheshire Cat appears in the <a href="/wiki/Down_the_Rabbit_Hole_(Once_Upon_a_Time_in_Wonderland)" title="Down the Rabbit Hole (Once Upon a Time in Wonderland)">first episode</a> of the television series <i><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_Wonderland" title="Once Upon a Time in Wonderland">Once Upon a Time in Wonderland</a></i> (a spin-off of <i><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_(TV_series)" title="Once Upon a Time (TV series)">Once Upon a Time</a></i>) voiced by <a href="/wiki/Keith_David" title="Keith David">Keith David</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While looking for the Mad Hatter's house from the trees, Alice encounters the Cheshire Cat in giant form where the Red Queen had promised him that Alice would be good food for him. They end up engaging each other in combat until the Knave of Hearts arrives and throws a piece of one mushroom side into his mouth, which shrinks the Cat back to normal size, and he leaves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_games">Video games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheshire_Cat&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Video games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cheshire_Cat_McGee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4b/Cheshire_Cat_McGee.jpg/140px-Cheshire_Cat_McGee.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4b/Cheshire_Cat_McGee.jpg/210px-Cheshire_Cat_McGee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4b/Cheshire_Cat_McGee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="433" /></a><figcaption>The Cheshire Cat depicted in <i><a href="/wiki/American_McGee%27s_Alice" title="American McGee's Alice">American McGee's Alice</a></i></figcaption></figure><p>The Cheshire Cat appears as an avatar character in the video games <i><a href="/wiki/American_McGee%27s_Alice" title="American McGee's Alice">American McGee's Alice</a></i> (2000); and the sequel <i><a href="/wiki/Alice:_Madness_Returns" title="Alice: Madness Returns">Alice: Madness Returns</a></i> (2011), <a href="/wiki/American_McGee%27s_Alice#The_Cheshire_Cat" title="American McGee's Alice">the Cheshire Cat</a> is portrayed as an enigmatic and snarky, yet wise guide for Alice in the corrupted Wonderland. In keeping with the twisted tone of the game, the Cheshire Cat is mangy and emaciated in appearance. His voice was provided by <a href="/wiki/Roger_L._Jackson" title="Roger L. Jackson">Roger L. Jackson</a>, who also voiced the <a href="/wiki/Hatter_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="Hatter (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">Mad Hatter</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_McGee%27s_Alice#The_Jabberwock" title="American McGee's Alice">The Jabberwock</a> in the game.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Cheshire Cat appears in <a href="/wiki/Sunsoft" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunsoft">Sunsoft</a>'s 2006 <a href="/wiki/Mobile_game" title="Mobile game">mobile game</a> <i>Alice's Warped Wonderland</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">歪みの国のアリス</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Yugami no kuni no Arisu</i></span>, <i>Alice in Distortion World</i>)</span>, serving as the guide to Ariko (the "Alice" of the game) and helps her chase after <a href="/wiki/The_White_Rabbit" class="mw-redirect" title="The White Rabbit">The White Rabbit</a>. In the game, Cheshire Cat is portrayed with a humanoid body and wears a long grey cloak with a red-string bell around his neck, leaving only his nose, razor-sharp teeth, and wide grin visible. In Wonderland, Cheshire Cat is the "Guide", an important role that makes him feared by the other residents, and is compelled by Ariko's inner will to help her unlock her suppressed, traumatic memories and overcome her suicidal depression. Later in the game, Cheshire Cat gets beheaded by the <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Hearts_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="Queen of Hearts (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">Queen Of Hearts</a>, but is still alive and his body is able to move on its own. Due to the White Rabbit's deranged state, Cheshire Cat fulfills his role of absorbing Ariko's <a href="/wiki/Negative_emotion" class="mw-redirect" title="Negative emotion">negative emotions</a>, though the task puts a large strain on him.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cheshire Cat appears in <i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_the_Country_of_Hearts" title="Alice in the Country of Hearts">Heart no Kuni no Alice</a></i>, a dating sim game and its related media, as a young man named "Boris Airay", with cat-like attributes such as a tail and cat ears, and is one of the many love interests for Alice in Wonderland.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_media">Other media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheshire_Cat&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>American <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a> band <a href="/wiki/Blink-182" title="Blink-182">Blink-182</a>’s debut <a href="/wiki/Studio_album" class="mw-redirect" title="Studio album">studio album</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheshire_Cat_(Blink-182_album)" title="Cheshire Cat (Blink-182 album)"><i>Cheshire Cat</i></a>, released on 17 February 1995, takes its name from the Cheshire cat. </p><p>In the third volume of Captain Marvel comic series, <i>Shazam! and the Seven Magic Lands</i>, the Cheshire Cat is shown to live in the Magiclands location called the Wozenderlands. When the Scarecrow and the Munchkins were taking <a href="/wiki/Captain_Marvel_(DC_Comics)" title="Captain Marvel (DC Comics)">Billy Batson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Marvel" title="Mary Marvel">Mary Bromfield</a>, and C.C. Batson to Dorothy Gale, the Cheshire Cat appeared near the Blue Brick Road. He went on the attack only to be fought off by Shazam and Lady Shazam.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_science">In science</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheshire_Cat&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cheshire Cat is used as a <a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">metaphor</a> to describe several scientific phenomena: </p> <ul><li>The Cheshire Cat effect, as described by Sally Duensing and Bob Miller, is a <a href="/wiki/Binocular_rivalry" title="Binocular rivalry">binocular rivalry</a> which causes stationary objects seen in one eye to disappear from view when an object in motion crosses in front of the other eye.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Each eye sees two different views of the world, sends those images to the <a href="/wiki/Visual_cortex" title="Visual cortex">visual cortex</a> where they are combined, and creates a three-dimensional image. The Cheshire Cat effect occurs when one eye is fixated on a stationary object, while the other notices something moving. Since one eye is seeing a moving object, the brain will focus on it, causing parts of the stationary object to fade away from vision entirely.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote></li></ul> <ul><li>In another scientific context, catalytic <a href="/wiki/RNA" title="RNA">RNAs</a> have been deemed Cheshire cats. This metaphor is used to describe the fading of the <a href="/wiki/Ribonucleotide" title="Ribonucleotide">ribonucleotide</a> construct, which leaves behind a <i>smile</i> of only the <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> components of the RNA <a href="/wiki/Catalysis" title="Catalysis">catalyst</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Similarly, the Cheshire Cat has been used out of its traditional context to help define another scientific phenomenon, the "Cheshire Cat" escape strategy. When <a href="/wiki/Coccolithophore" title="Coccolithophore">Coccolithophore</a> – a species of successful ocean <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a> – is able to <a href="/wiki/Ploidy#Haploid_and_monoploid" title="Ploidy">resist the haploid phase</a> of its life cycle it escapes meiosis and its dominant diploid genes are passed on in a virus-free environment, freeing the host from the danger of infection during reproduction.<sup id="cite_ref-Frada2008_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frada2008-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The algae escape death (beheading) by means of disappearance (vanishing his head):<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>... [T]aken from Lewis Carroll, we liken this theory to the strategy used by the Cheshire Cat in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland of making its body invisible to make the sentence "off with his head" pronounced by the Queen of Hearts impossible to execute ... C.C. dynamics, which rely to some extent on separation of the sexual processes of meiosis and fusion in time and / or space, release the host from short-term pathogen pressure, thus widening the scope for the host to evolve in other directions.<sup id="cite_ref-Frada2008_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frada2008-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote></li></ul> <ul><li>Other gestures to the Cheshire Cat's tropes of disappearance and mystique have been seen in scientific literature coming from the field of Physics. The <a href="/wiki/Quantum_Cheshire_cat" title="Quantum Cheshire cat">quantum Cheshire cat</a> is a phenomenon in <a href="/wiki/Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics">quantum mechanics</a> in which a particle and its property behave as if they are separated,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or when a particle separates from one of its physical properties.<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To test this idea, researchers used an <a href="/wiki/Interferometry" title="Interferometry">interferometer</a> where neutron beams passed through silicon crystal. The crystal physically separated the neutrons and allowed them to go to two paths. Researchers reported "the system behaves as if the neutrons go through one beam path, while their magnetic moment travels along the other."<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A subsequent quantum optics experiment observed this behaviour on individual photons with simultaneous measurements of the photon's spatial presence in one location, and of the same photon's polarisation in a different location.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>The Cheshire cat's grin has inspired scientists in their naming of visual phenomena. A merger of galaxy groups in the constellation Ursa Major is nicknamed "Cheshire Cat galaxy group" by Astronomers due to its suggestive appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>In linguistics, <a href="/wiki/Cheshirization" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheshirization">cheshirization</a>, when a sound disappears but leaves a trace, just like the cat disappears but leaves his grin.</li></ul> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Conway%27s_Game_of_Life" title="Conway's Game of Life">Conway's Game of Life</a>, the Cheshire Cat is a cat-like pattern which transforms into a grin in the second to last generation and a block (pawprint) in the last generation.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheshire_Cat&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This was the stated explanation in Martin Gardner's <i>Annotated Alice</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gardner1999_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner1999-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheshire_Cat&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dictionary.com/browse/cheshire">"Cheshire"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180121190206/http://www.dictionary.com/browse/cheshire">Archived</a> 21 January 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Random_House_Webster%27s_Unabridged_Dictionary" title="Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary">Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ayto_2005-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ayto_2005_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ayto_2005_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAyto2005" class="citation book cs1">Ayto, John (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brewersdictionar0000ayto/page/262/mode/2up?q=%22cheshire+cat%22"><i>Brewer's dictionary of phrase & fable</i></a> (17 ed.). London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 263. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0304357839" title="Special:BookSources/0304357839"><bdi>0304357839</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brewer%27s+dictionary+of+phrase+%26+fable&rft.place=London&rft.pages=263&rft.edition=17&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0304357839&rft.aulast=Ayto&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbrewersdictionar0000ayto%2Fpage%2F262%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3D%2522cheshire%2Bcat%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheshire+Cat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Cheshire cat". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cheshire%20cat"><i>The Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary</i></a>. Definition and More. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cheshire+cat&rft.btitle=The+Free+Merriam-Webster+Dictionary&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fcheshire%2520cat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheshire+Cat" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaunder1853" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Maunder" title="Samuel Maunder">Maunder, Samuel</a> (1853). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/treasuryknowled01maungoog"><i>The Treasury of Knowledge and Library Reference</i></a> (12th ed.). Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longmans. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/treasuryknowled01maungoog/page/n424">396</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Treasury+of+Knowledge+and+Library+Reference&rft.pages=396&rft.edition=12th&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Orme%2C+Brown%2C+Green%2C+%26+Longmans&rft.date=1853&rft.aulast=Maunder&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftreasuryknowled01maungoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheshire+Cat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gardner1999-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner1999_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner1999_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner1999_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner1999_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner1999_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardner1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Gardner" title="Martin Gardner">Gardner, Martin</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-blJhrfvouUC"><i>The Annotated Alice: Alice's adventures in Wonderland & Through the looking glass</i></a>. W.W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-04847-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-04847-0"><bdi>0-393-04847-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Annotated+Alice%3A+Alice%27s+adventures+in+Wonderland+%26+Through+the+looking+glass&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-393-04847-0&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-blJhrfvouUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheshire+Cat" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung" class="citation journal cs1">Young, Peter. "Origins of the Cheshire Cat". <i>Cheshire History</i>. <b>55</b> (2015–2016): 184–193. p. 184 [Abstract]: <q>Numerous questionable explanations can be found on the internet for the origins of the maxim 'grinning like a Cheshire cat', including many that attribute it to the fertile mind of Lewis Carroll.<span class="nowrap"> </span>... However, similar phrases have not been associated with any other areas of the country – no 'grinning like a Shropshire cat', for instance. Any real explanation must of necessity, then, be specific to Cheshire. These inventive explanations fall roughly into three groups: prehistoric origins, medieval origins, and agricultural ones.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cheshire+History&rft.atitle=Origins+of+the+Cheshire+Cat&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=2015%E2%80%932016&rft.pages=184-193&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheshire+Cat" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cheshirearchives.org.uk/Publications.aspx">Available by order from Chesire Archives</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230525135011/https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bx4qPuF_p_OELWxtX3NSS0lVM0k/view?resourcekey=0-0KNaYpV3ziusINGT_Jnifg">Archived</a> 25 May 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Annotated Alice</i>; the statement "a grin without a cat" is a reference to mathematics dissociating itself completely from the natural world.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDay2010" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Day_(Canadian_writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Day (Canadian writer)">Day, David</a> (2010). "Oxford in Wonderland". <i><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Quarterly" title="Queen's Quarterly">Queen's Quarterly</a></i>. <b>117</b> (3): 402–423.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Queen%27s+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Oxford+in+Wonderland&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=402-423&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheshire+Cat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDay2015" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Day_(Canadian_writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Day (Canadian writer)">Day, David</a> (24 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thewalrus.ca/the-cheshire-cats-grin/">"The Cheshire Cat's Grin: Solving the greatest mystery of Wonderland, 150 years later"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Walrus" title="The Walrus">The Walrus</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Walrus&rft.atitle=The+Cheshire+Cat%27s+Grin%3A+Solving+the+greatest+mystery+of+Wonderland%2C+150+years+later&rft.date=2015-08-24&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthewalrus.ca%2Fthe-cheshire-cats-grin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheshire+Cat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/alderley-edge-and-cheshire-countryside/features/lewis-carrolls-birthplace">"Lewis Carroll's birthplace"</a>. <i>National Trust</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Trust&rft.atitle=Lewis+Carroll%27s+birthplace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationaltrust.org.uk%2Falderley-edge-and-cheshire-countryside%2Ffeatures%2Flewis-carrolls-birthplace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheshire+Cat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1979" class="citation book cs1">Clark, Ann (1979). <i>Lewis Carroll: A biography</i>. London, UK: J.M. Dent & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-460-04302-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-460-04302-1"><bdi>0-460-04302-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lewis+Carroll%3A+A+biography&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=J.M.+Dent+%26+Sons&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-460-04302-1&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Ann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheshire+Cat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2010" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, Ian (2010). <i>Professor Stewart's Hoard of Mathematical Treasures</i>. Profile Books. p. 67.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Professor+Stewart%27s+Hoard+of+Mathematical+Treasures&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Profile+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheshire+Cat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeyer" class="citation book cs1">Geyer, Georgie Anne. <i>When Cats Reigned like Kings: On the trail of the sacred cats</i>. Transaction Publishers. p. 219.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Cats+Reigned+like+Kings%3A+On+the+trail+of+the+sacred+cats&rft.pages=219&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.aulast=Geyer&rft.aufirst=Georgie+Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheshire+Cat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Cheshire Cat found by fans of Lewis Carroll". <i>The Toronto Star</i>. Toronto, ON. Reuters. 8 July 1992. p. C24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Cheshire+Cat+found+by+fans+of+Lewis+Carroll&rft.pages=C24&rft.date=1992-07-08&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheshire+Cat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pottshrigleychurch.org.uk/history.html">"St. Christopher's church"</a>. <i>pottshrigleychurch.org.uk</i>. History. Pott Schrigley, Cheshire, UK<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pottshrigleychurch.org.uk&rft.atitle=St.+Christopher%27s+church&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pottshrigleychurch.org.uk%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheshire+Cat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooker2004" class="citation book cs1">Brooker, Will (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alicesadventures0000broo"><i>Alice's Adventures: Lewis Carroll and Alice in Popular Culture</i></a></span>. London: Continuum. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/alicesadventures0000broo/page/81">81</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8264-1433-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8264-1433-8"><bdi>0-8264-1433-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alice%27s+Adventures%3A+Lewis+Carroll+and+Alice+in+Popular+Culture&rft.place=London&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-8264-1433-8&rft.aulast=Brooker&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Falicesadventures0000broo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheshire+Cat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoos,_Michael1984" class="citation journal cs1">Roos, Michael (1984). "The Walrus and the Deacon: John Lennon's debt to Lewis Carroll". <i>Journal of Popular Culture</i>. <b>18</b> (1): 19–29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0022-3840.1984.1801_19.x">10.1111/j.0022-3840.1984.1801_19.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Popular+Culture&rft.atitle=The+Walrus+and+the+Deacon%3A+John+Lennon%27s+debt+to+Lewis+Carroll&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=19-29&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.0022-3840.1984.1801_19.x&rft.au=Roos%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheshire+Cat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSt_Clair2001" class="citation news cs1">St Clair, Vanessa (5 June 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jun/05/gender.uk2">"A girl like Alice"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. UK.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=A+girl+like+Alice&rft.date=2001-06-05&rft.aulast=St+Clair&rft.aufirst=Vanessa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2001%2Fjun%2F05%2Fgender.uk2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheshire+Cat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReal2003" class="citation web cs1">Real, Willi (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heliweb.de/telic/bradcom.htm">"The Use of Literary Quotations and Allusions in: Ray Bradbury, <i>Fahrenheit 451</i>"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Use+of+Literary+Quotations+and+Allusions+in%3A+Ray+Bradbury%2C+Fahrenheit+451&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Real&rft.aufirst=Willi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heliweb.de%2Ftelic%2Fbradcom.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheshire+Cat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen_Child2009" class="citation news cs1">Ben Child (23 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2009/jun/23/tim-burton-alice-wonderland">"Tim Burton's Alice in Wonderland ramps up the weird factor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Unambiguous joint detection of spatially separated properties of a single photon in the two arms of an interferometer". <i>Communications Physics</i>. <b>6</b> (1): 203. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.11425">2201.11425</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023CmPhy...6..203S">2023CmPhy...6..203S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs42005-023-01317-7">10.1038/s42005-023-01317-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:246294962">246294962</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+Physics&rft.atitle=Unambiguous+joint+detection+of+spatially+separated+properties+of+a+single+photon+in+the+two+arms+of+an+interferometer&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=203&rft.date=2023-08-07&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2201.11425&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A246294962%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs42005-023-01317-7&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2023CmPhy...6..203S&rft.aulast=Sahoo&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Chakraborti%2C+S.&rft.au=Kanjilal%2C+S.&rft.au=Behera%2C+S.&rft.au=Home%2C+D.&rft.au=Matzkin%2C+A.&rft.au=Sinha%2C+U.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheshire+Cat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap151127.html">"Astronomy Picture of the Day"</a>. 27 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astronomy+Picture+of+the+Day&rft.date=2015-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapod.nasa.gov%2Fapod%2Fap151127.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheshire+Cat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardner1971" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Gardner" title="Martin Gardner">Gardner, Martin</a> (February 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24927730">"On cellular automata, self-reproduction, the Garden of Eden and the game 'life'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Scientific American</i>. Vol. 224, no. 2. 115–116. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24927730">24927730</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=On+cellular+automata%2C+self-reproduction%2C+the+Garden+of+Eden+and+the+game+%27life%27&rft.volume=224&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=115-116&rft.date=1971-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24927730%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24927730&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheshire+Cat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheshire_Cat&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilvey2002" class="citation book cs1">Silvey, Anita (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/essentialguideto00silv"><i>The essential guide to children's books and their creators</i></a></span>. Houghton Mifflin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-618-19082-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-618-19082-1"><bdi>0-618-19082-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+essential+guide+to+children%27s+books+and+their+creators&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-618-19082-1&rft.aulast=Silvey&rft.aufirst=Anita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fessentialguideto00silv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACheshire+Cat" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheshire_Cat&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cheshire_Cat" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Cheshire Cat">Cheshire Cat</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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aria-labelledby="Lewis_Carroll&#039;s_Alice" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alice" title="Template:Alice"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alice" title="Template talk:Alice"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alice" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alice"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lewis_Carroll&#039;s_Alice" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Carroll" title="Lewis Carroll">Lewis Carroll</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Alice_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="Alice (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">Alice</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland" title="Alice's Adventures in Wonderland">Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Through_the_Looking-Glass" title="Through the Looking-Glass">Through the Looking-Glass</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Universe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Universe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Alice's Adventures<br />in Wonderland</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="Alice (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">Alice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portrayals_of_Alice_in_Wonderland" title="Portrayals of Alice in Wonderland">portrayals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_the_Lizard" title="Bill the Lizard">Bill the Lizard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="Caterpillar (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">Caterpillar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cheshire Cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodo_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="Dodo (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">Dodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormouse_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland_character)" title="Dormouse (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland character)">Dormouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchess_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="Duchess (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">Duchess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gryphon_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="Gryphon (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">Gryphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatter_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="Hatter (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">Hatter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tarrant_Hightopp" title="Tarrant Hightopp">Tarrant Hightopp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Hearts_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="King of Hearts (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">King of Hearts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knave_of_Hearts_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="Knave of Hearts (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">Knave of Hearts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_Hare" title="March Hare">March Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mock_Turtle" title="Mock Turtle">Mock Turtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouse_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="Mouse (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">Mouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="Pat (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">Pat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppy_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="Puppy (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">Puppy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Hearts_(Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland)" title="Queen of Hearts (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)">Queen of Hearts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Rabbit" title="White Rabbit">White Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_characters_in_the_Alice_series" title="List of minor characters in the Alice series">Minor characters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Through the<br />Looking-Glass</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandersnatch" title="Bandersnatch">Bandersnatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humpty_Dumpty" title="Humpty Dumpty">Humpty Dumpty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubjub_bird" title="Jubjub bird">Jubjub bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_King_(Through_the_Looking-Glass)" title="Red King (Through the Looking-Glass)">Red King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Queen_(Through_the_Looking-Glass)" title="Red Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)">Red Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sheep" title="The Sheep">The Sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lion_and_the_Unicorn" title="The Lion and the Unicorn">The Lion and the Unicorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweedledum_and_Tweedledee" title="Tweedledum and Tweedledee">Tweedledum and Tweedledee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_King_(Through_the_Looking-Glass)" title="White King (Through the Looking-Glass)">White King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Knight_(Through_the_Looking-Glass)" title="White Knight (Through the Looking-Glass)">White Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Queen_(Through_the_Looking-Glass)" title="White Queen (Through the Looking-Glass)">White Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_characters_in_the_Alice_series" title="List of minor characters in the Alice series">Minor characters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations<br />and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wonderland_(fictional_country)" title="Wonderland (fictional country)">Wonderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looking-Glass_world" title="Looking-Glass world">Looking-Glass world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unbirthday" title="Unbirthday">Unbirthday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/All_in_the_golden_afternoon..." title="All in the golden afternoon...">All in the golden afternoon...</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/How_Doth_the_Little_Crocodile" title="How Doth the Little Crocodile">How Doth the Little Crocodile</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Mouse%27s_Tale" title="The Mouse's Tale">The Mouse's Tale</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Twinkle,_Twinkle,_Little_Bat" title="Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Bat">Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Bat</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Are_Old,_Father_William" title="You Are Old, Father William">You Are Old, Father William</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/%27Tis_the_Voice_of_the_Lobster" title="'Tis the Voice of the Lobster">'Tis the Voice of the Lobster</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jabberwocky" title="Jabberwocky">Jabberwocky</a>" <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vorpal_sword" class="mw-redirect" title="Vorpal sword">Vorpal sword</a></li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Walrus_and_the_Carpenter" title="The Walrus and the Carpenter">The Walrus and the Carpenter</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Haddocks%27_Eyes" title="Haddocks' Eyes">Haddocks' Eyes</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Mock_Turtle%27s_Song" title="The Mock Turtle's Song">The Mock Turtle's Song</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hunting_of_the_Snark" title="The Hunting of the Snark">The Hunting of the Snark</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Liddell" title="Alice Liddell">Alice Liddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_syndrome" title="Alice in Wonderland syndrome">Alice syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Shop" title="Alice's Shop">Alice's Shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustrators_of_Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland" title="Illustrators of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland">Illustrators</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Tenniel" title="John Tenniel">John Tenniel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Carter" title="Theophilus Carter">Theophilus Carter</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Annotated_Alice" title="The Annotated Alice">The Annotated Alice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mischmasch" title="Mischmasch">Mischmasch</a></i></li> <li>Translations <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Translations_of_Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland" title="Translations of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland">Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Translations_of_Through_the_Looking-Glass" title="Translations of Through the Looking-Glass">Through the Looking-Glass</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Adaptations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Works_based_on_Alice_in_Wonderland" title="Works based on Alice in Wonderland">Adaptations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Davy_and_the_Goblin" title="Davy and the Goblin">Davy and the Goblin</a></i> (1884)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nursery_%22Alice%22" title="The Nursery "Alice"">The Nursery "Alice"</a></i> (1890)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Admiral%27s_Caravan" title="The Admiral's Caravan">The Admiral's Caravan</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_New_Alice_in_the_Old_Wonderland" title="A New Alice in the Old Wonderland">A New Alice in the Old Wonderland</a></i> (1895)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gladys_in_Grammarland" title="Gladys in Grammarland">Gladys in Grammarland</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Westminster_Alice" title="The Westminster Alice">The Westminster Alice</a></i> (1902)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clara_in_Blunderland" title="Clara in Blunderland">Clara in Blunderland</a></i> (1902)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rollo_in_Emblemland" title="Rollo in Emblemland">Rollo in Emblemland</a></i> (1902)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lost_in_Blunderland" title="Lost in Blunderland">Lost in Blunderland</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Bull%27s_Adventures_in_the_Fiscal_Wonderland" title="John Bull's Adventures in the Fiscal Wonderland">John Bull's Adventures in the Fiscal Wonderland</a></i> (1904)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Blunderland:_An_Iridescent_Dream" title="Alice in Blunderland: An Iridescent Dream">Alice in Blunderland: An Iridescent Dream</a></i> (1904)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland_Retold_in_Words_of_One_Syllable" title="Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Retold in Words of One Syllable">Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Retold in Words of One Syllable</a></i> (1905)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Adventures_of_Alice" title="New Adventures of Alice">New Adventures of Alice</a></i> (1917)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Orchestralia" title="Alice in Orchestralia">Alice in Orchestralia</a></i> (1925)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_Through_the_Needle%27s_Eye" title="Alice Through the Needle's Eye">Alice Through the Needle's Eye</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Automated_Alice" title="Automated Alice">Automated Alice</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Looking_Glass_Wars" title="The Looking Glass Wars">The Looking Glass Wars</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seeing_Redd" title="Seeing Redd">Seeing Redd</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ArchEnemy" title="ArchEnemy">ArchEnemy</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Verse:_The_Lost_Rhymes_of_Wonderland" title="Alice in Verse: The Lost Rhymes of Wonderland">Alice in Verse: The Lost Rhymes of Wonderland</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Twisted_Tale" title="A Twisted Tale">Unbirthday: A Twisted Tale</a></i> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tweedledum_and_Tweedledee_(comics)" title="Tweedledum and Tweedledee (comics)">Tweedledum and Tweedledee</a> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lost_Girls_(graphic_novel)" title="Lost Girls (graphic novel)">Lost Girls</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miyuki-chan_in_Wonderland" title="Miyuki-chan in Wonderland">Miyuki-chan in Wonderland</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pandora_Hearts" title="Pandora Hearts">Pandora Hearts</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_Crossing" title="Cheshire Crossing">Cheshire Crossing</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Sunderland" title="Alice in Sunderland">Alice in Sunderland</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Murderland_(manga)" title="Alice in Murderland (manga)">Alice in Murderland</a></i> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(musical)" title="Alice in Wonderland (musical)">Alice in Wonderland</a></i> (1886 musical)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(opera)" title="Alice in Wonderland (opera)">Alice in Wonderland</a></i> (1979 opera)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/But_Never_Jam_Today" title="But Never Jam Today">But Never Jam Today</a></i> (1979 musical)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hunting_of_the_Snark_(musical)" title="The Hunting of the Snark (musical)">The Hunting of the Snark</a></i> (1991 musical)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Through_the_Looking_Glass_(opera)" title="Through the Looking Glass (opera)">Through the Looking Glass</a></i> (2008 opera)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland_(ballet)" title="Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (ballet)">Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</a></i> (2011 ballet)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wonderland_(musical)" title="Wonderland (musical)">Wonderland</a></i> (2011 musical)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peter_and_Alice" title="Peter and Alice">Peter and Alice</a></i> (2013 play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wonder.land" title="Wonder.land">Wonder.land</a></i> (2015 musical)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Adventures_Under_Ground_(opera)" title="Alice's Adventures Under Ground (opera)">Alice's Adventures Under Ground</a></i> (2016 opera)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_by_Heart" title="Alice by Heart">Alice by Heart</a></i> (2019 musical)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Films_and_television_programmes_based_on_Alice_in_Wonderland" title="Films and television programmes based on Alice in Wonderland">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1903_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (1903 film)">1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland_(1910_film)" title="Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1910 film)">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1915_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (1915 film)">1915</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_Comedies" title="Alice Comedies">Alice Comedies</a></i> (1923–1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1931_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (1931 film)">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1933_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (1933 film)">1933</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Betty_in_Blunderland" title="Betty in Blunderland">Betty in Blunderland</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thru_the_Mirror" title="Thru the Mirror">Thru the Mirror</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1949_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (1949 film)">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1951_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (1951 film)">1951</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Donald_in_Mathmagic_Land" title="Donald in Mathmagic Land">Donald in Mathmagic Land</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_of_Wonderland_in_Paris" title="Alice of Wonderland in Paris">Alice of Wonderland in Paris</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jabberwocky_(1971_film)" title="Jabberwocky (1971 film)">Jabberwocky</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland_(1972_film)" title="Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1972 film)">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1976_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (1976 film)">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_en_el_pa%C3%ADs_de_las_maravillas" title="Alicia en el país de las maravillas">1976 (Spanish)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_or_the_Last_Escapade" title="Alice or the Last Escapade">Alice or the Last Escapade</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jabberwocky_(film)" title="Jabberwocky (film)">Jabberwocky</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1981_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (1981 film)">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_(1982_film)" title="Alice (1982 film)">1982</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malice_in_Wonderland_(1982_film)" title="Malice in Wonderland (1982 film)">Malice in Wonderland</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dreamchild" title="Dreamchild">Dreamchild</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Care_Bears_Adventure_in_Wonderland" title="The Care Bears Adventure in Wonderland">The Care Bears Adventure in Wonderland</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_(1988_film)" title="Alice (1988 film)">1988 (Czechoslovak)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1988_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (1988 film)">1988 (Australian)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abby_in_Wonderland" title="Abby in Wonderland">Abby in Wonderland</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malice_in_Wonderland_(2009_film)" title="Malice in Wonderland (2009 film)"><i>Malice in Wonderland</i></a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(2010_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)">2010</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Murderland_(film)" title="Alice in Murderland (film)">Alice in Murderland</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malice_in_Wonderland:_The_Dolls_Movie" title="Malice in Wonderland: The Dolls Movie">Malice in Wonderland: The Dolls Movie</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_Through_the_Looking_Glass_(2016_film)" title="Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016 film)">Alice Through the Looking Glass</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Come_Away" title="Come Away">Come Away</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_and_the_Land_that_Wonders_(2020_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alice and the Land that Wonders (2020 film)">Alice and the Land that Wonders</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice,_Through_the_Looking" title="Alice, Through the Looking">Alice, Through the Looking</a></i> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Films_and_television_programmes_based_on_Alice_in_Wonderland" title="Films and television programmes based on Alice in Wonderland">Television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1962_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (1962 film)">Alice in Wonderland</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_or_What%27s_a_Nice_Kid_like_You_Doing_in_a_Place_like_This%3F" title="Alice in Wonderland or What's a Nice Kid like You Doing in a Place like This?">Alice in Wonderland or What's a Nice Kid like You Doing in a Place like This?</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1966_TV_play)" title="Alice in Wonderland (1966 TV play)">Alice in Wonderland</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_Through_the_Looking_Glass_(1966_TV_film)" title="Alice Through the Looking Glass (1966 TV film)">Alice Through the Looking Glass</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1983_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (1983 film)">1983 (TV film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fushigi_no_Kuni_no_Alice" title="Fushigi no Kuni no Alice">Fushigi no Kuni no Alice</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1985_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (1985 film)">1985 (TV film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adventures_in_Wonderland_(1992_TV_series)" title="Adventures in Wonderland (1992 TV series)">Adventures in Wonderland</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_through_the_Looking_Glass_(1998_film)" title="Alice through the Looking Glass (1998 film)">Alice through the Looking Glass</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1999_film)" title="Alice in Wonderland (1999 film)">Alice in Wonderland</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_(miniseries)" title="Alice (miniseries)">Alice</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_Wonderland" title="Once Upon a Time in Wonderland">Once Upon a Time in Wonderland</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Wonderland_Bakery" title="Alice's Wonderland Bakery">Alice's Wonderland Bakery</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Descendants:_The_Rise_of_Red" title="Descendants: The Rise of Red">Descendants: The Rise of Red</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_sculpture" title="Alice in Wonderland sculpture"><i>Alice in Wonderland</i> sculpture</a> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_Doth_the_Little_Crocodile_(Carrington)" title="How Doth the Little Crocodile (Carrington)">How Doth the Little Crocodile</a></i> (1998 artworks)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/White_Rabbit_(song)" title="White Rabbit (song)">White Rabbit</a>" (1967 song)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Come_Around_Here_No_More" title="Don't Come Around Here No More">Don't Come Around Here No More</a>" (1985 music video)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(film_score)" title="Alice in Wonderland (film score)">Alice in Wonderland</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almost_Alice" title="Almost Alice">Almost Alice</a> (2010) <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Alice_(Avril_Lavigne_song)" title="Alice (Avril Lavigne song)">Alice</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Follow_Me_Down_(3OH!3_song)" title="Follow Me Down (3OH!3 song)">Follow Me Down</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_(song)" title="Tea Party (song)">Tea Party</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_Through_the_Looking_Glass_(2016_film)#Music" title="Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016 film)">Alice Through the Looking Glass</a></i> (2016) <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Just_Like_Fire" title="Just Like Fire">Just Like Fire</a>"</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Alice_(Lady_Gaga_song)" title="Alice (Lady Gaga song)">Alice</a>" (2020 song)</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreams_4ever&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreams 4ever (page does not exist)">Dreams 4ever</a>" (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Through_the_Looking_Glass_(video_game)" title="Through the Looking Glass (video game)">Through the Looking Glass</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(1985_video_game)" title="Alice in Wonderland (1985 video game)">Alice in Wonderland</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4rchen_Maze" title="Märchen Maze">Märchen Maze</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wonderland_(video_game)" title="Wonderland (video game)">Wonderland</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice:_An_Interactive_Museum" title="Alice: An Interactive Museum">Alice: An Interactive Museum</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_no_Paint_Adventure" title="Alice no Paint Adventure">Alice no Paint Adventure</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(2000_video_game)" title="Alice in Wonderland (2000 video game)">Alice in Wonderland</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_McGee%27s_Alice" title="American McGee's Alice">American McGee's Alice</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_the_Country_of_Hearts" title="Alice in the Country of Hearts">Alice in the Country of Hearts</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(2010_video_game)" title="Alice in Wonderland (2010 video game)">Alice in Wonderland</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice:_Madness_Returns" title="Alice: Madness Returns">Alice: Madness Returns</a></i> (2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dungeonland" title="Dungeonland">Dungeonland</a></i> (1983 module)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Land_Beyond_the_Magic_Mirror" title="The Land Beyond the Magic Mirror">The Land Beyond the Magic Mirror</a></i> (1983 module)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_(franchise)" title="Alice in Wonderland (franchise)">Disney franchise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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