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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Monoclinal</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 18 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoklien" title="Monoklien – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Monoklien" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoklinal" title="Monoklinal – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Monoklinal" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoklinale" title="Monoklinale – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Monoklinale" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocline" title="Monocline – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Monocline" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclinal" title="Monoclinal – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Monoclinal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoklinaal" title="Monoklinaal – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Monoklinaal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoklinal" title="Monoklinal – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Monoklinal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A8" title="تک‌شیب – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تک‌شیب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94" title="מונוקלינה – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מונוקלינה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclinale" title="Monoclinale – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Monoclinale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Моноклиналь – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Моноклиналь" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Моноклиналь – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Моноклиналь" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoklina" title="Monoklina – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Monoklina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoklina" title="Monoklina – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Monoklina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoklinal" title="Monoklinal – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Monoklinal" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Монокліналь – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Монокліналь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoklinal" title="Monoklinal – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Monoklinal" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E6%96%9C%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0" title="单斜構造 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="单斜構造" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1860677#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Monoclinal" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Monoclinal" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Monoclinal"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoclinal&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoclinal&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoclinal&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Monoclinal"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoclinal&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoclinal&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoclinal&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Monoclinal" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Monoclinal" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoclinal&oldid=210865893" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoclinal&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=Monoclinal&id=210865893&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMonoclinal"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMonoclinal"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Monoclinal"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Monoclinal&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoclinal&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Monocline" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1860677" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-ebauche"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Geology_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Geology_logo.svg/35px-Geology_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Geology_logo.svg/53px-Geology_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Geology_logo.svg/70px-Geology_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="90" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article est une <a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant la <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9ologie" title="Géologie">géologie</a>.</strong> </p><p>Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment ?</a></b>) selon les recommandations des <a href="/wiki/Projet:Accueil" title="Projet:Accueil">projets correspondants</a>. </p> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Monocline01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Monocline01.svg/220px-Monocline01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Monocline01.svg/330px-Monocline01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Monocline01.svg/440px-Monocline01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1230" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption>Bloc diagramme illustrant les conditions de formation d'un monoclinal</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:PSM_V07_D414_Monoclinal_valley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/PSM_V07_D414_Monoclinal_valley.jpg/220px-PSM_V07_D414_Monoclinal_valley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/PSM_V07_D414_Monoclinal_valley.jpg/330px-PSM_V07_D414_Monoclinal_valley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/PSM_V07_D414_Monoclinal_valley.jpg/440px-PSM_V07_D414_Monoclinal_valley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1558" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption>Schéma d'une structure monoclinale, ici issue de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89rosion" title="Érosion">érosion</a> d'un massif par un <a href="/wiki/Cours_d%27eau" title="Cours d'eau">cours d'eau</a> y ayant creusé une vallée</figcaption></figure> <p>Un <b>monoclinal</b> (pl: des monoclinaux) ou une <i><b>structure géologique monoclinale</b></i> ou un <b>relief monoclinal</b> désignent dans le domaine de la <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9ologie" title="Géologie">géologie</a> et de la <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9omorphologie" title="Géomorphologie">géomorphologie</a> des reliefs « structuraux » caractérisés par des <a href="/w/index.php?title=Couches_g%C3%A9ologiques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Couches géologiques (page inexistante)">couches géologiques</a> parallèles et régulièrement inclinées dans le même sens, avec un <a href="/wiki/Pendage" title="Pendage">pendage</a> modéré, sur de vastes étendues et non-affectées par un <a href="/wiki/Pli_(g%C3%A9ologie)" title="Pli (géologie)">pli</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origine_et_aspect_paysager">Origine et aspect paysager</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoclinal&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Origine et aspect paysager" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoclinal&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Origine et aspect paysager"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:MonoclineMonoclinalFr02.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/MonoclineMonoclinalFr02.gif/220px-MonoclineMonoclinalFr02.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="374" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/MonoclineMonoclinalFr02.gif/330px-MonoclineMonoclinalFr02.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/MonoclineMonoclinalFr02.gif/440px-MonoclineMonoclinalFr02.gif 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="1020" /></a><figcaption>4 exemples de formation de pendages induits par le jeu de failles, prédisposant à l'apparition d'un monoclinal</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Monocline.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Monocline.JPG/220px-Monocline.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Monocline.JPG/330px-Monocline.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Monocline.JPG/440px-Monocline.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Monoclinal au <a href="/wiki/Colorado_National_Monument" title="Colorado National Monument">Colorado National Monument</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Den%27s_Door_-_geograph.org.uk_-_425351.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Den%27s_Door_-_geograph.org.uk_-_425351.jpg/220px-Den%27s_Door_-_geograph.org.uk_-_425351.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Den%27s_Door_-_geograph.org.uk_-_425351.jpg/330px-Den%27s_Door_-_geograph.org.uk_-_425351.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Den%27s_Door_-_geograph.org.uk_-_425351.jpg/440px-Den%27s_Door_-_geograph.org.uk_-_425351.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Au pied et à droite de l'arche naturelle "Den's Door" (au nord de <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad_Haven" class="extiw" title="en:Broad Haven">Broad Haven</a> dans la baie St Bride's Bay, au Royaume-Uni) apparait "Sleek Stone", une structure rocheuse inclinée et d'origine sédimentaire, apparemment monoclinale</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:The_Sleek_Stone_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4882.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/The_Sleek_Stone_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4882.jpg/220px-The_Sleek_Stone_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4882.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/The_Sleek_Stone_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4882.jpg/330px-The_Sleek_Stone_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4882.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/The_Sleek_Stone_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4882.jpg/440px-The_Sleek_Stone_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4882.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="397" /></a><figcaption>Autre vue du "monoclinal" <i>« Sleek Stone »</i> montrant un pli. ce type de structure pourrait donc ne pas être classé comme monoclinal</figcaption></figure> <p>Le relief monoclinal résulte de l'érosion (par le vent, par un fleuve, par la mer, par un <a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">glacier</a>…) de couches sédimentaires régulièrement inclinées. La rupture d'un empilement sédimentaire par une faille peut aussi en être à l'origine. </p><p>De multiples possibilités de formation existent, dont </p> <ul><li>à la suite d'effets de compactage, en bordure de bassin sédimentaire <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>à la suite de la réactivation d'une ancienne faille d'extension durant une phase d'inversion géologique<sup id="cite_ref-andy_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-andy-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>à la suite d'autres modifications du relief par l'extension d'une faille<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-finch_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finch-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Généralement, il existe des couches plus dures dans les empilements sédimentaires mis au jour par l'érosion. Les couches les plus dures d'un monoclinal tendent naturellement à être moins érodées, elles se présentent alors en saillie. </p> <ul><li>Si la structure est d'ampleur paysagère, les monoclinaux forment des <a href="/wiki/Cuesta" title="Cuesta">cuestas</a> (ou côtes), dont le côté le plus vivement pentu est nommé « front », par opposition au « revers » qui est le côté le moins pentu.</li> <li>Un monoclinal peut aussi être une <a href="/wiki/Butte-t%C3%A9moin" title="Butte-témoin">butte-témoin</a> (reliquat de couche dure, par exemple de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89poque_tertiaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Époque tertiaire (page inexistante)">époque tertiaire</a> qui a protégé de l’érosion des couches sous-jacentes plus tendres. Il peut s'agir de restes d'anciennes cuestas dont le reste a été réduit par l'érosion.</li> <li>Un monoclinal peut résulter d'une avant-butte quand la couche dure protégeant une butte-témoin a finalement été dégradée par l'érosion, mais qu'une partie de la butte persiste encore.</li> <li>En bordure de vallée, par rapport au pendage des couches, dans un relief monoclinal on parle de :</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>« Versant cataclinal »</i> ; c'est un versant incliné dans le même sens que les couches ;</dd> <dd><i>« Versant anaclinal »</i> ; c'est un versant opposé au précédent, incliné en sens inverse par rapport aux couches ;</dd> <dd><i>« Dépression orthoclinale »</i>, quand le versant est perpendiculaire au pendage des couches.</dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoclinal&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoclinal&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé <span class="plainlinks">« <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocline?oldid=508903160">Monocline</a> » <small>(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocline?action=history">voir la liste des auteurs</a>)</small></span>.</li></ul> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:36em; column-count:2;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> Skuce A.G.(1996), <i>Modern Developments in Structural Interpretation, Validation and Modelling ; </i>voir le chapitre intitulé <i>Forward modelling of compaction above normal faults : an example from the Sirte Basin, Libya</i> ; ed : Buchanan, P.G. and Nieuwland, D.A.; Geological Society, London (Special Publications, vol. 99, pages 135 à 146 ; <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-897799-43-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-897799-43-7"><span class="nowrap">978-1-897799-43-7</span></a>)</small> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s-s-consulting.com/pdf_articles/geol%20soc%201996.pdf">lien</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-andy-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-andy_2-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> Chadwick R.A.(1993), <i>Aspects of basin inversion in southern Britain</i> Journal of the Geological Society, Vol.150, pages 311 à 322 ; doi=10.1144/gsjgs.150.2.0311 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jgs.lyellcollection.org/cgi/content/abstract/150/2/311?ijkey=075ea7d0d92cd14125f610d8bc8feed0be8fb091&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha">lien</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Willsey S.P., Umhoefer, P.J. & Hilley, G.E. (2002), <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Early evolution of an extensional monocline by a propagating normal fault: 3D analysis from combined field study and numerical modeling</span></i> ; Journal of Structural Geology ; volume= 24 ; pages 651 à 669 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://earthsciences.stanford.edu/research/geomech/Software/publications/Willsey_JSG_2002.pdf">lien, Doi=10.1016/S0191-8141(01)00120-1|bibcode:2002JSG....24..651W</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-finch-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-finch_4-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> Finch E., Hardy, S. and Gawthorpe, R.(2003), <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Discrete element modelling of contractional fault-propagation folding above rigid basement fault blocks</span></i> ; Journal of Structural Geology, vol.25, Pages 515 à 528 ; doi=10.1016/S0191-8141(02)00053-6</span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoclinal&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoclinal&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoclinal&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoclinal&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="column-count:3;margin:.3em 0;" class="colonnes"><div style="margin:-.3em 0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synclinal" title="Synclinal">Synclinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pli_(g%C3%A9ologie)" title="Pli (géologie)">Synforme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticlinal" title="Anticlinal">Anticlinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuesta" title="Cuesta">Cuesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9ologie" title="Géologie">Géologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9omorphologie" title="Géomorphologie">Géomorphologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9ologie_structurale" title="Géologie structurale">Géologie structurale</a></li></ul> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoclinal&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monoclinal&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Buchanan1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="Peter_Buchanan1996"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Peter <span class="nom_auteur">Buchanan</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Modern developments in structural interpretation, validation and modelling</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 99, Londres, Geological Society, <time>1996</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-897799-43-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-897799-43-7"><span class="nowrap">978-1-897799-43-7</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+developments+in+structural+interpretation%2C+validation+and+modelling&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Geological+Society&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=1996&rft.volume=99&rft.isbn=978-1-897799-43-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMonoclinal"></span></span></span></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:G%C3%A9ologie" title="Portail de la géologie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Monocline01.svg/35px-Monocline01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="24" class="mw-file-element" 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