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<li id="toc-Early_period:_the_Arab_conquest_of_Armenia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_period:_the_Arab_conquest_of_Armenia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early period: the Arab conquest of Armenia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_period:_the_Arab_conquest_of_Armenia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Establishment_of_direct_Muslim_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment_of_direct_Muslim_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Establishment of direct Muslim control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment_of_direct_Muslim_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abbasid_period_until_884" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abbasid_period_until_884"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Abbasid period until 884</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abbasid_period_until_884-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arab_governors_of_Armenia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arab_governors_of_Armenia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Arab governors of Armenia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arab_governors_of_Armenia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Arab governors of Armenia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arab_governors_of_Armenia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_governors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_governors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early governors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_governors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emirs_(Ostikans)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emirs_(Ostikans)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Emirs (Ostikans)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emirs_(Ostikans)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presiding_princes_of_Armenia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presiding_princes_of_Armenia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Presiding princes of Armenia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presiding_princes_of_Armenia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Arminiya</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="إمارة أرمينية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إمارة أرمينية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Frm%C9%99niyy%C9%99" title="Ərməniyyə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ərməniyyə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirat_d%27Arm%C3%A8nia" title="Emirat d'Armènia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Emirat d'Armènia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arminiya" title="Arminiya – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Arminiya" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostikanat_Arminiya" title="Ostikanat Arminiya – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ostikanat Arminiya" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirato_de_Armenia" title="Emirato de Armenia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Emirato de Armenia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armena_Emirlando" title="Armena Emirlando – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Armena Emirlando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%87" title="ارمنیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ارمنیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mirat_d%27Arm%C3%A9nie" title="Émirat d'Arménie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Émirat d'Arménie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4%EB%AF%B8%EB%8B%88%EC%95%BC" title="아르미니야 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아르미니야" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1_%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Արմինիա կուսակալություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արմինիա կուսակալություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arminiya" title="Arminiya – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arminiya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arminiya" title="Arminiya – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arminiya" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="არმინია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არმინია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arminijos_emyratas" title="Arminijos emyratas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Arminijos emyratas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiraat_Armeni%C3%AB" title="Emiraat Armenië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Emiraat Armenië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="امارت آرمینیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="امارت آرمینیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirado_da_Arm%C3%AAnia" title="Emirado da Armênia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Emirado da Armênia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Арминия (эмират) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Арминия (эмират)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arminiya" title="Arminiya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arminiya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Вірменський емірат – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вірменський емірат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔米尼亚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿尔米尼亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2981019#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Arminiya&params=40_0_16.870_N_44_34_45.012_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°0′16.870″N</span> <span class="longitude">44°34′45.012″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.00468611°N 44.57917000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.00468611; 44.57917000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province of the Arab Caliphates</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media 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.ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Ostikanate of Arminiya</div><div class="ib-country-names">Հայաստանի Օստիկանություն</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">654–884</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Caucasus,_740_CE.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Caucasus and of Arminiya c. 740"><img alt="Map of the Caucasus and of Arminiya c. 740" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Map_of_the_Caucasus%2C_740_CE.svg/250px-Map_of_the_Caucasus%2C_740_CE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Map_of_the_Caucasus%2C_740_CE.svg/375px-Map_of_the_Caucasus%2C_740_CE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Map_of_the_Caucasus%2C_740_CE.svg/500px-Map_of_the_Caucasus%2C_740_CE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="898" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Map of the Caucasus and of <i>Arminiya</i> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 740</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Province (largely autonomous <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassal</a> principalities) of the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a> <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphates</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dvin_(ancient_city)" title="Dvin (ancient city)">Dvin</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Arminiya&params=40_0_16.870_N_44_34_45.012_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°0′16.870″N</span> <span class="longitude">44°34′45.012″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.00468611°N 44.57917000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.00468611; 44.57917000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a> (native language)<br /><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paulicianism" title="Paulicianism">Paulicianism</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> (state)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Armenia" title="Politics of Armenia">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Monarchy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">654</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Disestablished </div></th><td class="infobox-data">884</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:AM" title="ISO 3166-2:AM">AM</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Armenia">Persian Armenia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Armenia" title="Byzantine Armenia">Byzantine Armenia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Albania_(satrapy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania (satrapy)">Albania (satrapy)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Iberia" title="Principality of Iberia">Principality of Iberia</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Hamamshen" title="Principality of Hamamshen">Principality of Hamamshen</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Bagratid_Armenia" title="Bagratid Armenia">Bagratid Armenia</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Bagratid_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagratid Iberia">Bagratid Iberia</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Kaysites" title="Kaysites">Kaysites</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">Historical Arab states and dynasties</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arte_Alhambra_I_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arte_Alhambra_I_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Arte_Alhambra_I_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arte_Alhambra_I_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-Arte_Alhambra_I_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arte_Alhambra_I_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Arte_Alhambra_I_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3055" data-file-height="1258" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Ancient Arab states</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Qedarites" title="Qedarites">Kingdom of Qedar</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 800 BC–300 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Lihyan" title="Lihyan">Kingdom of Lihyan</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 600 BC–100 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Nabataean_Kingdom" title="Nabataean Kingdom">Nabataean Kingdom</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 400 BC–106 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Osroene" title="Osroene">Kingdom of Osroene</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 132 BC–244 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Emesene_dynasty" title="Emesene dynasty">Emesene Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 64 BC–300s AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hatra" title="Kingdom of Hatra">Kingdom of Hatra</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 100s–241 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tanukhids" title="Tanukhids">Tanukhids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 196–1100 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ghassanids" title="Ghassanids">Ghassanids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 220–638 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Salihids" title="Salihids">Salihids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 300s–500s AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Lakhmid_kingdom" title="Lakhmid kingdom">Lakhmids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 300s–602 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kinda" title="Kingdom of Kinda">Kingdom of Kinda</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 450 AD–550 AD</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Arab empires and caliphates</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 632–661</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyads</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 661–750</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 750–1258</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 909–1171</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Eastern dynasties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Emirate of Armenia</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 654–884</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Tbilisi" title="Emirate of Tbilisi">Emirate of Tbilisi</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 736–1122</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Crete" title="Emirate of Crete">Emirate of Crete</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 824–961</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Dulafid_dynasty" title="Dulafid dynasty"> Dulafids </a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 840–897</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Habbari_dynasty" title="Habbari dynasty">Habbarids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 854–1011</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kaysites" title="Kaysites">Kaysites</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 860–964</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Shirvanshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shirvanshah">Shirvanshah</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 861–1538</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Alid_dynasties_of_northern_Iran" title="Alid dynasties of northern Iran">Alavids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 864–928</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hashimids_(Darband)" title="Hashimids (Darband)"> Hashimids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 869–1075</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hamdanid_dynasty" title="Hamdanid dynasty">Hamdanids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 890–1004</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rawadid_dynasty" title="Rawadid dynasty">Rawadids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 955–1071</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banu_Mazyad" title="Banu Mazyad">Mazyadids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 961–1150</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jarrahids" title="Jarrahids">Jarrahids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 970–1107</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Uqaylid_dynasty" title="Uqaylid dynasty">Uqaylids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 990–1096</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Numayrid_dynasty" title="Numayrid dynasty">Numayrids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 990–1081</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mirdasid_dynasty" title="Mirdasid dynasty">Mirdasids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1024–1080</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banu_Munqidh" title="Banu Munqidh">Munqidhites</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1025–1157</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ma%27n_dynasty" title="Ma'n dynasty">Ma'nids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1517–1697</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Turabay_dynasty" title="Turabay dynasty">Turabays</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1480–1677</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Harfush_dynasty" title="Harfush dynasty">Harfushs</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1517–1865</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Shihab_dynasty" title="Shihab dynasty">Shihabs</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1697–1842</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Western dynasties and caliphates</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Nekor" title="Emirate of Nekor">Salihids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">710–1019</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Fihrids" title="Fihrids">Fihrid Emirate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">745-757</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_state_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Umayyad state of Córdoba">Umayyad state of Córdoba</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">756–1031</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Muhallabids" title="Muhallabids">Muhallabids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">771–793</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Idrisid_dynasty" title="Idrisid dynasty">Idrisids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">788–974</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Aghlabids" class="mw-redirect" title="Aghlabids">Aghlabids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">800–909</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sulaymanid_dynasty" title="Sulaymanid dynasty">Sulaymanids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">814–922</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Sicily" title="Muslim Sicily">Muslim Sicily</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">831–1091</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banu_Kanz" title="Banu Kanz">Kanzids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1004–1412</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Salt%C3%A9s_and_Huelva" title="Taifa of Saltés and Huelva">Bakrids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1012–1051</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banu_Tujib" title="Banu Tujib">Tujibids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1013–1039</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Valencia" title="Taifa of Valencia"> Amirids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1020–1086</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Seville" title="Taifa of Seville">Abbadids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1023–1091</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Niebla" title="Taifa of Niebla">Yahsubids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1023–1062</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="Taifa of Málaga">Hammudids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1026–1057</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Silves" title="Taifa of Silves">Muzaynids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1027–1063</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Taifa of Córdoba">Jawharids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1031–1091</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banu_Hud" title="Banu Hud">Hudids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1039–1110</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banu_Sumadih" title="Banu Sumadih">Sumadihids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1041–1091</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_Murcia" title="Taifa of Murcia">Tahirids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1049–1078</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Nasrids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1230–1492</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Saadi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Saadi dynasty">Saadids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1554–1659</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Senussi" class="mw-redirect" title="Senussi">Senussids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1837–1969</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Arabian Peninsula</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Oman_proper" class="mw-redirect" title="Oman proper">Imamate of Oman</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 751–1970</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ziyadid_dynasty" title="Ziyadid dynasty">Ziyadids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 819–1138</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Yufirids" class="mw-redirect" title="Yufirids">Yufirids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 847–997</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banu_Ukhaidhir" title="Banu Ukhaidhir">Ukhaidhirds</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 865–1066</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rassids" class="mw-redirect" title="Rassids">Rassids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 897–1962</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Qarmatians" title="Qarmatians">Qarmatians</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 899–1077</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Wajihids" title="Wajihids">Wajihids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 926–965</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sharifate_of_Mecca" title="Sharifate of Mecca">Sharifate of Mecca</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 968–1925</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sulayhid_dynasty" title="Sulayhid dynasty">Sulayhids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1047–1138</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sulaymanids" title="Sulaymanids">Sulaymanids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1063–1174</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Uyunid_Emirate" title="Uyunid Emirate">Uyunids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1076–1253</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Zurayids" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurayids">Zurayids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1083–1174</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Nabhani_dynasty" title="Nabhani dynasty">Nabhanids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1154–1624</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mahdids" title="Mahdids">Mahdids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1159–1174</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rasulid_dynasty" title="Rasulid dynasty">Rasulids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1229–1454</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Usfurids" title="Usfurids">Usfurids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1253–1320</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jarwanid_dynasty" title="Jarwanid dynasty">Jarwanids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1305–1487</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kathiri" title="Kathiri">Kathirids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1395–1967</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tahirids_(Yemen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahirids (Yemen)">Tahirids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1454–1526</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jabrids" title="Jabrids">Jabrids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1463–1521</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rassids#The_Qasimid_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Rassids">Qasimids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1597–1872</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Yaruba_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaruba dynasty">Ya'arubids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1624–1742</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Upper_Yafa" title="Upper Yafa">Upper Yafa</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1800–1967</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Muscat_and_Oman" title="Muscat and Oman">Muscat and Oman</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1820–1970</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rashidi_dynasty" title="Rashidi dynasty">Rashidids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1836–1921</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Qu%27aiti" title="Qu'aiti">Qu'aitids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1858–1967</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Beihan" title="Emirate of Beihan">Emirate of Beihan</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1903–1967</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Idrisid_Emirate_of_Asir" title="Idrisid Emirate of Asir">Idrisids</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1906–1934</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen">Mutawakkilite Kingdom</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1926–1970</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">East Africa</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Showa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Showa">Makhzumi dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shewa" title="Shewa">Shewa</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 896–1279</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Pate" title="List of rulers of Pate">Nabahani dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pate_Island" title="Pate Island">Pate Island</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1203–1894</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kilwa_Sultanate#Mahdali_era" title="Kilwa Sultanate">Mahdali dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kilwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilwa">Kilwa</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1277–1495</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mazrui" title="Mazrui">Mazrui dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombasa</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1746–1828</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Zanzibar" title="Sultanate of Zanzibar">Sultanate of Zanzibar</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1856–1964</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Witu" title="List of rulers of Witu">Nabahani dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wituland" title="Wituland">Wituland</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1858–1895</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tippu_Tip%27s_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Tippu Tip's State">Tippu Tip's State</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1860–1887</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#eee; border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-left:0.5em;;color: var(--color-base)">Current monarchies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/%27Alawi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="'Alawi dynasty">'Alawis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1631–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Al_Qasimi" title="Al Qasimi">Al Qasimi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ras_al_Khaymah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ras al Khaymah">Ras al Khaymah</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1727–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Al_Qasimi" title="Al Qasimi">Al Qasimi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sharjah" title="Sharjah">Sharjah</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1727–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Saud" title="House of Saud">Al Saud</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1744–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Busaid" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Busaid">Al Said</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1749–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Sabah" title="House of Sabah">Al Sabah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1752–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Nahyan" title="House of Nahyan">Al Nahyan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Abu_Dhabi" title="Emirate of Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1761–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Al_Mualla" title="Al Mualla">Al Mualla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Umm_al-Quwain" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Umm al-Quwain">Umm al-Quwain</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1775–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Khalifa" title="House of Khalifa">Al Khalifa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1783–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Al_Nuaimi" title="Al Nuaimi">Al Nuaimi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Ajman" title="Emirate of Ajman">Ajman</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1810–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Maktoum" title="House of Maktoum">Al Maktoum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Dubai" title="Emirate of Dubai">Dubai</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1833–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Thani" title="House of Thani">Al Thani</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1868–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Al_Sharqi" title="Al Sharqi">Al Sharqi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Fujairah" title="Emirate of Fujairah">Fujairah</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1900–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hashemites" title="Hashemites">Hashemites</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1921–present</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historical_Arab_states_and_dynasties" title="Template:Historical Arab states and dynasties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historical_Arab_states_and_dynasties" title="Template talk:Historical Arab states and dynasties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historical_Arab_states_and_dynasties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historical Arab states and dynasties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Arminiya</b>, also known as the <b>Ostikanate of Arminiya</b> (<a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: <span lang="hy">Հայաստանի Օստիկանություն</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Hayastani ostikanut'yun</i>) or the <b>Emirate of Armenia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">إمارة أرمينية</span>, <i>imārat armīniya</i>), was a political and geographic designation given by the <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> to the lands of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Greater Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Iberia" title="Principality of Iberia">Caucasian Iberia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania" title="Caucasian Albania">Caucasian Albania</a>, following their conquest of these regions in the 7th century. Though the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliphs</a> initially permitted an <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a> prince to represent the province of <i>Arminiya</i> in exchange for tribute and the Armenians' loyalty during times of war, Caliph <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan" title="Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan">Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan</a> introduced direct Arab rule of the region, headed by an <i><a href="/wiki/Ostikan" title="Ostikan">ostikan</a></i> with his capital in <a href="/wiki/Dvin_(ancient_city)" title="Dvin (ancient city)">Dvin</a>. According to the historian <a href="/wiki/Stephen_H._Rapp" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen H. Rapp">Stephen H. Rapp</a> in the third edition of the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i>:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Early Arabs followed <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sāsānian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Arsacid</a>, and ultimately <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a> practice by organising most of southern <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasia</a> into a large regional zone called Armīniya (cf. the Achaemenid <a href="/wiki/Satrapy_of_Armenia" title="Satrapy of Armenia">satrapy of Armina</a> covering much of southern Caucasia and the subsequent Kūst-i Kapkōh of the Sāsānians).</p></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Armenia" title="Category:History of Armenia">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Armenia" title="History of Armenia">History of <span class="fn org label">Armenia</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Armenia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of Arms of Armenia"><img alt="Coat of Arms of Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Arms_of_Armenia.svg/80px-Arms_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Arms_of_Armenia.svg/120px-Arms_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Arms_of_Armenia.svg/160px-Arms_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="192" /></a><figcaption>Coat of Arms of Armenia</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee; text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Armenia" title="Prehistoric Armenia">Prehistory</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shulaveri%E2%80%93Shomu_culture" title="Shulaveri–Shomu culture">Shulaveri–Shomu culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kura%E2%80%93Araxes_culture" title="Kura–Araxes culture">Kura–Araxes culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayk" title="Hayk">Legend of Hayk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trialeti%E2%80%93Vanadzor_culture" title="Trialeti–Vanadzor culture">Trialeti–Vanadzor culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armani_(kingdom)" title="Armani (kingdom)">Armani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lchashen%E2%80%93Metsamor_culture" title="Lchashen–Metsamor culture">Lchashen–Metsamor culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayasa-Azzi" title="Hayasa-Azzi">Hayasa-Azzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shupria" title="Shupria">Arme–Shupria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushki" title="Mushki">Mushki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urumeans" title="Urumeans">Urumu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nairi" title="Nairi">Nairi Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartu (Kingdom of Van)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiuni" title="Etiuni">Etiuni</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee; text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Armenia" title="Ancient Armenia">Antiquity</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satrapy_of_Armenia" title="Satrapy of Armenia">Satrapy of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Armenia" title="Lesser Armenia">Armenia Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Kingdom of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigranes_the_Great" title="Tigranes the Great">Armenian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Armenia" title="Roman Armenia">Roman Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Armenia" title="Christianization of Armenia">Christianization of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sophene" title="Kingdom of Sophene">Kingdom of Sophene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commagene" title="Commagene">Commagene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Armenia" title="Byzantine Armenia">Byzantine Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Armenia" title="Sasanian Armenia">Sasanian Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Armenia" title="Muslim conquest of Armenia">Muslim conquest of Armenia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee; text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Armenia" title="Medieval Armenia">Middle Ages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Emirate of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Hamamshen" title="Principality of Hamamshen">Principality of Hamamshen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagratid_Armenia" title="Bagratid Armenia">Kingdom of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Vaspurakan" title="Kingdom of Vaspurakan">Kingdom of Vaspurakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tashir-Dzoraget" title="Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget">Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Syunik" title="Kingdom of Syunik">Kingdom of Syunik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Artsakh" title="Kingdom of Artsakh">Kingdom of Artsakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakarid_Armenia" title="Zakarid Armenia">Zakarid Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Khachen" title="Principality of Khachen">Principality of Khachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Armenia" title="Mongol Armenia">Mongol Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Kingdom of Cilicia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee; text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Armenia#Early_Modern_period" title="History of Armenia">Early modern age</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Armenia_(1502%E2%80%931828)" title="Iranian Armenia (1502–1828)">Iranian Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melikdoms_of_Karabakh" title="Melikdoms of Karabakh">Five Melikdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Armenians in the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armenia" title="Russian Armenia">Russian Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Oblast" title="Armenian Oblast">Armenian Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_question" title="Armenian question">Armenian question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Western_Armenia" title="Occupation of Western Armenia">Western Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_national_movement" title="Armenian national movement">National movement</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee; text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Armenia#20th_century" title="History of Armenia">Modern age</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Republic_of_Armenia" title="First Republic of Armenia">First Republic of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic">Armenian S.S.R.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Mountainous_Armenia" title="Republic of Mountainous Armenia">Republic of Mountainous Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Contemporary Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Republic of Artsakh">Republic of Artsakh</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Armenian_history" title="Timeline of Armenian history">Timeline</a> • <a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Armenians" title="Origin of the Armenians">Origins</a> • <a href="/wiki/Name_of_Armenia" title="Name of Armenia">Etymology</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Armenia" title="Template:History of Armenia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Armenia" title="Template talk:History of Armenia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Armenia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Armenia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arminiya&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_period:_the_Arab_conquest_of_Armenia">Early period: the Arab conquest of Armenia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arminiya&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early period: the Arab conquest of Armenia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Armenia" title="Muslim conquest of Armenia">Muslim conquest of Armenia</a></div> <p>The details of the early conquest of Armenia by the <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> are uncertain, as the various Arabic sources conflict with the Greek and Armenian sources, both in chronology and in the details of the events. However, the broad thrust of the Arab campaigns is consistent between the sources, allowing for a reconstruction of events by modern scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960635–637_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960635–637-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Arabic sources, the first Arab expedition reached Armenia in 639/640, on the heels of their <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">conquest of the Levant</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantines</a> and the start of the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">Muslim conquest of Persia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960635_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960635-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Arabs were led by <a href="/wiki/Iyad_ibn_Ghanim" class="mw-redirect" title="Iyad ibn Ghanim">Iyad ibn Ghanim</a> and penetrated as far as <a href="/wiki/Bitlis" title="Bitlis">Bitlis</a>. A second expedition occurred in 642, only to be defeated and pushed out of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960635_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960635-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this setback, the Arabs only undertook a raid from <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaijan (Iran)">Adharbayjan</a> in 645, led by <a href="/wiki/Salman_ibn_Rabiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Salman ibn Rabiah">Salman ibn Rabi'a</a>, but this only touched the Armenian borderlands.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960635_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960635-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Muslim sources place the actual conquest of the country in 645/646, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Habib_ibn_Maslama_al-Fihri" title="Habib ibn Maslama al-Fihri">Habib ibn Maslama al-Fihri</a>. The Arabs first moved against the western, Byzantine portion of the country, captured <a href="/wiki/Theodosiopolis_(Armenia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodosiopolis (Armenia)">Theodosiopolis</a> and defeated a Byzantine army, before subduing the Armenian princes around <a href="/wiki/Lake_Van" title="Lake Van">Lake Van</a> and marching onto <a href="/wiki/Dvin_(ancient_city)" title="Dvin (ancient city)">Dvin</a>, the capital of the former Persian portion of Armenia. Dvin capitulated after a few days of siege, as did <a href="/wiki/Tiflis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiflis">Tiflis</a> further north in <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Iberia" title="Principality of Iberia">Caucasian Iberia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636–637_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636–637-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the same time, another Arab army from <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, under Salman ibn Rabi'a, conquered <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania" title="Caucasian Albania">Caucasian Albania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arran_(Caucasus)" title="Arran (Caucasus)">Arran</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Arab sources imply that the country was henceforth effectively under Arab rule, modern historians generally consider the contemporary account of the Armenian bishop <a href="/wiki/Sebeos" title="Sebeos">Sebeos</a>, partly corroborated by the Byzantine chronicler <a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a> more reliable, and have proposed different reconstructions of the early Arab raids between 640 and 650, based on a critical reading of the sources; it is clear, however, that the country did not submit to Arab rule at this time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636–637_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636–637-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Armenian histories report that the Arabs first arrived in 642, penetrating the central region of <a href="/wiki/Ayrarat" title="Ayrarat">Ayrarat</a>, and sacked Dvin, returning with over 35,000 captives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 643, the Arabs invaded again from the direction of Arran, ravaged Ayrarat and reached Iberia, but were defeated in battle by the Armenian leader <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Rshtuni" title="Theodore Rshtuni">Theodore Rshtuni</a> and forced back.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this success, Rshtuni was recognized as ruler of Armenia by the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine emperor">Byzantine emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Constans_II" title="Constans II">Constans II</a>, in exchange for accepting Byzantine suzerainty. When Constans' truce with the Arabs ended in 653, however, to avoid a new Arab invasion, Rshtuni voluntarily agreed to submit to Muslim overlordship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emperor Constans then campaigned in person in Armenia, restoring Byzantine rule, but soon after his departure in early 654, the Arabs invaded the country. With their assistance, Rshtuni evicted the Byzantine garrisons from Armenia and secured Arab recognition as the presiding prince of Armenia, Iberia, and Albania.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Byzantines under general <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurianos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurianos (page does not exist)">Maurianos</a> tried to recover control of the region, but without success. In 655, even Byzantine Armenia was invaded, and the Arabs occupied Theodosiopolis (Arabic <i>Qaliqala</i>) and cemented their control of the country by taking Rhstuni to <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, where he died in 656, and appointing his rival <a href="/wiki/Hamazasp_IV_Mamikonian" title="Hamazasp IV Mamikonian">Hamazasp IV Mamikonian</a> in his stead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, with the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/First_Fitna" title="First Fitna">First Muslim Civil War</a> in 657, effective Arab authority in the country ceased, and Mamikonian returned to Byzantine overlordship almost immediately.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 661, however, Mu'awiya, now the victor of the Muslim civil war, ordered the Armenian princes to re-submit to his authority and pay tribute. To avoid another war, the princes complied.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960637_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960637-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Arab policy of demanding that the tribute be paid in money affected the Armenian economy and society. Coins were struck in Dvin. The Armenians were forced to produce a surplus of food and manufactured goods for sale. A strong urban life was developed in <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasia</a> as the economy revived. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment_of_direct_Muslim_control">Establishment of direct Muslim control</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arminiya&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Establishment of direct Muslim control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For most of the second half of the 7th century, Arab presence and control in Armenia was minimal. Armenia was considered conquered land by the Arabs but enjoyed <i>de facto</i> autonomy, regulated by the treaty signed between Rhstuni and Mu'awiya. Indeed, as Aram Ter-Ghewondyan comments, under Arab suzerainty "the country enjoyed a degree of independence such as it had not known since the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Arsacid_dynasty_of_Armenia" title="Arsacid dynasty of Armenia">Arsacids</a>" in the 5th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197620_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197620-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the terms of the treaty, the Armenian princes were submitted to—relatively low—taxation and the obligation to provide soldiers when requested, for which the princes were to be paid an annual subsidy of 100,000 <i><a href="/wiki/Dirham" title="Dirham">dirhams</a></i>. In exchange, no Arab garrison or official was installed in Armenian lands, and Arab assistance was even promised in the event of a Byzantine attack.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197620_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197620-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhittow1996211_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhittow1996211-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The situation changed in the reign of the caliph <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan" title="Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan">Abd al-Malik</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 685–705</span>). Beginning in 700, the Caliph's brother and governor of <a href="/wiki/Arran_(Caucasus)" title="Arran (Caucasus)">Arran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Marwan" title="Muhammad ibn Marwan">Muhammad ibn Marwan</a>, subdued the country in a series of campaigns. Although the Armenians rebelled in 703 and received Byzantine aid, Muhammad ibn Marwan defeated them and sealed the failure of the revolt by executing the rebel princes in 705.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197620_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197620-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlankinship1994107_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlankinship1994107-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Armenia, along with the principalities of <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania" title="Caucasian Albania">Caucasian Albania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Iberia" title="Principality of Iberia">Iberia</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>) was grouped into one vast province called <i>al-Arminiya</i> (الارمينيا), with its capital at Dvin (Arabic <i>Dabil</i>), which was rebuilt by the Arabs and served as the seat of the governor (<i>ostikan</i>) and of an Arab garrison.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlankinship1994107_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlankinship1994107-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197621_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197621-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For much of the remaining Umayyad period, <i>Arminiya</i> was usually grouped with Arran and the <a href="/wiki/Al-Jazira_(caliphal_province)" title="Al-Jazira (caliphal province)">Jazira</a> (Upper Mesopotamia) under a single governor into an <i>ad hoc</i> super-province.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlankinship199452–54_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlankinship199452–54-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arminiya was governed by an emir or <i><a href="/wiki/Wali_(administrative_title)" title="Wali (administrative title)">wali</a></i> headquartered at Dvin, whose role however was limited to defence and the collection of taxes: the country was largely run by the local princes - the <i><a href="/wiki/Nakharar" title="Nakharar">nakharars</a></i>. The province was divided into four regions: Arminiya I (<a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania" title="Caucasian Albania">Caucasian Albania</a>), Arminiya II (<a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Iberia" title="Principality of Iberia">Caucasian Iberia</a>), Arminiya III (the area around <a href="/wiki/Aras_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Aras River">Aras River</a>), Arminiya IV (<a href="/wiki/Taron_(historic_Armenia)" title="Taron (historic Armenia)">Taron</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The local nobility was headed, as in <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian</a> times, by a presiding prince (<i><a href="/wiki/Ishkhan_(title)" title="Ishkhan (title)">իշխան, ishkhan</a></i>), a title which in the 9th century, beginning probably with <a href="/wiki/Bagrat_II_Bagratuni" title="Bagrat II Bagratuni">Bagrat II Bagratuni</a>, evolved into the title of "prince of princes" (<i>իշխանաց իշխան, ishkhanac' ishkhan</i>). Acting as the head of the other princes, the <i>ishkhanac' ishkhan</i> was answerable to the Arab governor, being responsible for the collection of the taxes owed to the caliphal government and the raising of military forces when requested.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones20071–2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones20071–2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A census and survey of <i>Arminiya</i> was undertaken <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 725</span>, followed by a significant increase in taxation so as to finance the Caliphate's increasing military needs in various fronts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlankinship1994123–124_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlankinship1994123–124-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Armenians participated with troops in the hard-fought campaigns of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Arab%E2%80%93Khazar_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Arab–Khazar War">Second Arab–Khazar War</a> in the 720s and 730s. As a result, in 732, governor Marwan ibn Muhammad (the future Caliph <a href="/wiki/Marwan_II" title="Marwan II">Marwan II</a>) named <a href="/wiki/Ashot_III_Bagratuni" title="Ashot III Bagratuni">Ashot III Bagratuni</a> as the presiding prince of Armenia, an act which essentially re-confirmed the country's autonomy within the Caliphate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlankinship1994153_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlankinship1994153-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abbasid_period_until_884">Abbasid period until 884</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arminiya&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Abbasid period until 884"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silver_dirham_of_Abbasids_minted_in_Arminiyya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Silver_dirham_of_Abbasids_minted_in_Arminiyya.jpg/200px-Silver_dirham_of_Abbasids_minted_in_Arminiyya.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Silver_dirham_of_Abbasids_minted_in_Arminiyya.jpg/300px-Silver_dirham_of_Abbasids_minted_in_Arminiyya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Silver_dirham_of_Abbasids_minted_in_Arminiyya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="365" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dirham" title="Dirham">Dirham</a> of the Abbasid Caliphate, minted in Arminiya province</figcaption></figure> <p>With the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid Revolution">Abbasid Revolution</a>, a period of repression was inaugurated. This was followed by Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur" title="Al-Mansur">al-Mansur</a> revoking the privileges and abolishing the subsidies paid to the various Armenian princes (the <i>nakharars</i>) and imposing harsher taxation, leading to the outbreak of another major rebellion in 774. The revolt was suppressed in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bagrevand" title="Battle of Bagrevand">Battle of Bagrevand</a> in April 775.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197621_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197621-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhittow1996213_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhittow1996213-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The failure of the rebellion saw the near-extinction, reduction to insignificance or exile to Byzantium of some of the most prominent <i>nakharar</i> families, most importantly the <a href="/wiki/Mamikonian" title="Mamikonian">Mamikonian</a>. In its aftermath, the Caliphate tightened its grip on the Transcaucasian provinces: the nobility of neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Iberia" title="Principality of Iberia">Iberia</a> was also decimated in the 780s, and a process of settlement with Arab tribes began which by the middle of the 9th century led to the Islamization of <a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albania" title="Caucasian Albania">Caucasian Albania</a>, while Iberia and much of lowland Armenia came under the control of a series of Arab emirates. At the same time, the power vacuum left by the destruction of so many <i>nakharar</i> clans was filled by two other great families, the <a href="/wiki/Artsruni" class="mw-redirect" title="Artsruni">Artsruni</a> in the south (<a href="/wiki/Vaspurakan" title="Vaspurakan">Vaspurakan</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Bagratuni_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagratuni Dynasty">Bagratuni</a> in the north.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197621–22_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197621–22-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhittow1996213–215_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhittow1996213–215-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite several insurrections, the Emirate of Armenia lasted until 884, when the Bagratuni <a href="/wiki/Ashot_I_of_Armenia" title="Ashot I of Armenia">Ashot I</a>, who had managed to win control over most of its area, declared himself "King of the Armenians". He received recognition by Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tamid" title="Al-Mu'tamid">Al-Mu'tamid</a> of the Abbasid dynasty in 885 and Byzantine Emperor <a href="/wiki/Basil_I" title="Basil I">Basil I</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_dynasty" title="Macedonian dynasty">Macedonian dynasty</a> in 886. </p><p>Ashot was swiftly able to expand his power. Through family links with the two next most important princely families, the Artsruni and the Siwnis, and through a cautious policy towards the Abbasids and the Arab emirates of Armenia, by the 860s he had succeeded in becoming in fact, if not yet in name, an autonomous king. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197653ff._20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197653ff.-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arab_governors_of_Armenia">Arab governors of Armenia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arminiya&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Arab governors of Armenia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_governors">Early governors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arminiya&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Early governors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These are reported as governors under the Caliphs <a href="/wiki/Uthman" title="Uthman">Uthman</a> (r. 644–656) and <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a> (r. 656–661), as well as the early Umayyads: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hudhayfah_ibn_al-Yaman" title="Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman">Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughira_ibn_Shu%27ba" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughira ibn Shu'ba">Mughira ibn Shu'ba</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Qasim_ibn_Rabi%27a_ibn_Umayya_ibn_Abi_al-Salt_al-Thaqafi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Qasim ibn Rabi'a ibn Umayya ibn Abi al-Salt al-Thaqafi (page does not exist)">Al-Qasim ibn Rabi'a ibn Umayya ibn Abi al-Salt al-Thaqafi</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_ibn_Maslama_al-Fihri" title="Habib ibn Maslama al-Fihri">Habib ibn Maslama al-Fihri</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ash%27ath_ibn_Qays" title="Al-Ash'ath ibn Qays">Al-Ash'ath ibn Qays al-Kindi</a> (ca. 657)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muhallab_ibn_Abi_Sufra" title="Al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra">Al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra</a> (ca. 686)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emirs_(Ostikans)"><span id="Emirs_.28Ostikans.29"></span>Emirs (Ostikans) <span class="anchor" id="Emirs"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arminiya&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Emirs (Ostikans)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the submission of Armenia to Muhammad ibn Marwan after 695, the province was formally incorporated into the Caliphate, and an Arab governor (<i>ostikan</i>) installed at Dvin:<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Marwan" title="Muhammad ibn Marwan">Muhammad ibn Marwan</a> (c. 695–705), represented by the following deputies: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uthman_ibn_al-Walid_ibn_Uqba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uthman ibn al-Walid ibn Uqba (page does not exist)">Uthman ibn al-Walid ibn Uqba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdallah_ibn_Hatim_al-Bahili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdallah ibn Hatim al-Bahili (page does not exist)">Abdallah ibn Hatim al-Bahili</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd_al-Aziz_ibn_Hatim_al-Bahili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abd al-Aziz ibn Hatim al-Bahili (page does not exist)">Abd al-Aziz ibn Hatim al-Bahili</a> (706–709)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslama_ibn_Abd_al-Malik" title="Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik">Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik</a> (709–721)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jarrah_ibn_Abdallah" title="Al-Jarrah ibn Abdallah">Al-Jarrah ibn Abdallah</a> (721–725)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslama_ibn_Abd_al-Malik" title="Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik">Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik</a> (725–729)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jarrah_ibn_Abdallah" title="Al-Jarrah ibn Abdallah">Al-Jarrah ibn Abdallah</a> (729–730)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslama_ibn_Abd_al-Malik" title="Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik">Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik</a> (730–732)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwan_ibn_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Marwan ibn Muhammad">Marwan ibn Muhammad</a> (732–733)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27id_ibn_Amr_al-Harashi" title="Sa'id ibn Amr al-Harashi">Sa'id ibn Amr al-Harashi</a> (733–735)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwan_ibn_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Marwan ibn Muhammad">Marwan ibn Muhammad</a> (735–744)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishaq_ibn_Muslim_al-Uqayli" title="Ishaq ibn Muslim al-Uqayli">Ishaq ibn Muslim al-Uqayli</a> (744–750)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur" title="Al-Mansur">Abu Ja'far Abdallah ibn Muhammad</a> (750–753)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazid_ibn_Asid_ibn_Zafir_al-Sulami" title="Yazid ibn Asid ibn Zafir al-Sulami">Yazid ibn Asid ibn Zafir al-Sulami</a> (753–755)</li> <li>Sulayman (755–?)</li> <li>Salih ibn Subai al-Kindi (c. 767)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakkar_ibn_Muslim_al-Uqayli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakkar ibn Muslim al-Uqayli (page does not exist)">Bakkar ibn Muslim al-Uqayli</a> (c. 769–770)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasan_ibn_Qahtaba" title="Al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba">al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba</a> (770/771–773/774)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazid_ibn_Asid_ibn_Zafir_al-Sulami" title="Yazid ibn Asid ibn Zafir al-Sulami">Yazid ibn Asid ibn Zafir al-Sulami</a> (773/774–778)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uthman_ibn_%27Umara_ibn_Khuraym&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uthman ibn 'Umara ibn Khuraym (page does not exist)">Uthman ibn 'Umara ibn Khuraym</a> (778–785)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuzayma_ibn_Khazim" title="Khuzayma ibn Khazim">Khuzayma ibn Khazim</a> (785–786)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yusuf_ibn_Rashid_al-Sulami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yusuf ibn Rashid al-Sulami (page does not exist)">Yusuf ibn Rashid al-Sulami</a> (786–787)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazid_ibn_Mazyad_al-Shaybani" title="Yazid ibn Mazyad al-Shaybani">Yazid ibn Mazyad al-Shaybani</a> (787–788)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaydallah_ibn_al-Mahdi" title="Ubaydallah ibn al-Mahdi">Ubaydallah ibn al-Mahdi</a> (788–791) (?)</li> <li>Abd al-Qadir (791)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fadl_ibn_Yahya" title="Al-Fadl ibn Yahya">Al-Fadl ibn Yahya al-Barmaki</a> (791–793)</li> <li>Umar ibn Ayyub al-Kinani (793)</li> <li>? (793)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khalid_ibn_Yazid_al-Sulami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khalid ibn Yazid al-Sulami (page does not exist)">Khalid ibn Yazid al-Sulami</a> (793–794)</li> <li>Al-Abbas ibn Jarir ibn Yazid al-Bajali (794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_ibn_Isa_ibn_Musa_al-Hashimi" title="Musa ibn Isa ibn Musa al-Hashimi">Musa ibn Isa ibn Musa al-Hashimi</a> (794–795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Sa%27id_al-Harashi" title="Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Harashi">Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Harashi</a> (795)</li> <li>Ahmad ibn Yazid ibn Usayd al-Sulami (795–797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27id_ibn_Salm_al-Bahili" title="Sa'id ibn Salm al-Bahili">Sa'id ibn Salm al-Bahili</a> (797–799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasr_ibn_Habib_al-Muhallabi" title="Nasr ibn Habib al-Muhallabi">Nasr ibn Habib al-Muhallabi</a> (799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Isa_ibn_Mahan" title="Ali ibn Isa ibn Mahan">Ali ibn Isa ibn Mahan</a> (799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazid_ibn_Mazyad_al-Shaybani" title="Yazid ibn Mazyad al-Shaybani">Yazid ibn Mazyad al-Shaybani</a> (799–801)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asad_ibn_Yazid_al-Shaybani" title="Asad ibn Yazid al-Shaybani">Asad ibn Yazid al-Shaybani</a> (801–802)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_ibn_Yazid_al-Shaybani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad ibn Yazid al-Shaybani (page does not exist)">Muhammad ibn Yazid al-Shaybani</a> (802–803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuzayma_ibn_Khazim" title="Khuzayma ibn Khazim">Khuzayma ibn Khazim</a> (803–?)</li> <li>Sulayman ibn Yazid (807–808)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asad_ibn_Yazid_al-Shaybani" title="Asad ibn Yazid al-Shaybani">Asad ibn Yazid al-Shaybani</a> (c. 810)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishaq_ibn_Sulayman_al-Hashimi" title="Ishaq ibn Sulayman al-Hashimi">Ishaq ibn Sulayman al-Hashimi</a> (c. 813)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_Yazid_al-Shaybani" title="Khalid ibn Yazid al-Shaybani">Khalid ibn Yazid ibn Mazyad al-Shaybani</a> (813–?) (828–832), (841), (c. 842–844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Khalid_al-Shaybani" title="Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Shaybani">Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Shaybani</a> (c. 842/844–?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Sa%27id_Muhammad_al-Marwazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Sa'id Muhammad al-Marwazi (page does not exist)">Abu Sa'id Muhammad al-Marwazi</a> (849–851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_ibn_Abi_Sa%27id_al-Marwazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yusuf ibn Abi Sa'id al-Marwazi">Yusuf ibn Abi Sa'id al-Marwazi</a> (851–852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugha_al-Kabir" title="Bugha al-Kabir">Bugha al-Kabir</a> (852–855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Khalid_al-Shaybani" title="Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Shaybani">Muhammad ibn Khalid</a> al-Shaybani (857–862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Yahya_al-Armani" title="Ali ibn Yahya al-Armani">Ali ibn Yahya al-Armani</a> (862–863)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Abbas_ibn_al-Musta%27in&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Abbas ibn al-Musta'in (page does not exist)">al-Abbas ibn al-Musta'in</a> (863–865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_al-Mu%27tazz" title="Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz">Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz</a> (866–867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abi%27l-Saj_Devdad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abi'l-Saj Devdad">Abi'l-Saj Devdad</a> (867–870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isa_ibn_al-Shaykh_al-Shaybani" title="Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani">Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani</a> (870–875, nominally until 882/3)</li> <li>Ja'far <a href="/wiki/Al-Mufawwid" title="Al-Mufawwid">Al-Mufawwid</a> (875–878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Khalid_al-Shaybani" title="Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Shaybani">Muhammad ibn Khalid</a> al-Shaybani (878)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presiding_princes_of_Armenia">Presiding princes of Armenia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arminiya&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Presiding princes of Armenia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mjej_Gnuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Mjej Gnuni">Mjej II Gnuni</a> Մժեժ Բ Գնունի, 628–635</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Saharuni" title="David Saharuni">David Saharuni</a> Դավիթ Սահառունի, 635–638</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Rshtuni" title="Theodore Rshtuni">Theodore Rshtuni</a> Թէոդորոս Ռշտունի, 638–645</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varaztirots_II_Bagratuni" title="Varaztirots II Bagratuni">Varaztirots II Bagratuni</a> Վարազ Տիրոց Բ Բագրատունի, 645</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Rshtuni" title="Theodore Rshtuni">Theodore Rshtuni</a> Թէոդորոս Ռշտունի, 654–655</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mushegh_IV_Mamikonian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mushegh IV Mamikonian (page does not exist)">Mushegh IV Mamikonian</a> Մուշէղ Բ Մամիկոնեան, 654</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Rshtuni" title="Theodore Rshtuni">Theodore Rshtuni</a> Թէոդորոս Ռշտունի, 654–655</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamazasp_IV_Mamikonian" title="Hamazasp IV Mamikonian">Hamazasp IV Mamikonian</a> Համազասպ Բ Մամիկոնեան, 655–658</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_I_Mamikonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory I Mamikonian">Gregory I Mamikonian</a> Գրիգոր Ա Մամիկոնեան, 662–684/85</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashot_II_Bagratuni" title="Ashot II Bagratuni">Ashot II Bagratuni</a> Աշոտ Բ Բագրատունի, 686–690</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerses_Kamsarakan" title="Nerses Kamsarakan">Nerses Kamsarakan</a> Ներսէս Կամսարական, 689–691</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smbat_VI_Bagratuni" title="Smbat VI Bagratuni">Smbat VI Bagratuni</a> Սմբատ Զ Բագրատունի, 691–711</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashot_III_Bagratuni" title="Ashot III Bagratuni">Ashot III Bagratuni</a> Աշոտ Գ Բագրատունի, 732–744</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_II_Mamikonian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregory II Mamikonian (page does not exist)">Gregory II Mamikonian</a> Գրիգոր Բ Մամիկոնեան, 745–746</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashot_III_Bagratuni" title="Ashot III Bagratuni">Ashot III Bagratuni</a> Աշոտ Գ Բագրատունի, 746–748</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_II_Mamikonian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregory II Mamikonian (page does not exist)">Gregory II Mamikonian</a> Գրիգոր Բ Մամիկոնեան, 748</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushegh_VI_Mamikonian" title="Mushegh VI Mamikonian">Mushegh VI Mamikonian</a> Մուշէղ Բ Մամիկոնեան, 748–753</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahak_VII_Bagratuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahak VII Bagratuni">Sahak VII Bagratuni</a> Սահակ Է Բագրատունի, 755–761</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smbat_VII_Bagratuni" title="Smbat VII Bagratuni">Smbat VII Bagratuni</a> Սմբատ Է Բագրատունի, 761–775</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashot_IV_Bagratuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashot IV Bagratuni">Ashot IV Bagratuni</a> Աշոտ Դ Բագրատունի, 806–826</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagrat_II_Bagratuni" title="Bagrat II Bagratuni">Bagrat II Bagratuni</a> Բագրատ Բ Բագրատունի, 830–851</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashot_V_Bagratuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashot V Bagratuni">Ashot V Bagratuni</a> Աշոտ Ա Հայոց Արքայ, Աշոտ Ե իշխան Հայոց, 862–884</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arminiya&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Greater Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Armenia" title="Islam in Armenia">Islam in Armenia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arminiya&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFYeghiazaryan2005" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Yeghiazaryan, Arman (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hpj.asj-oa.am/3552/">"Հայաստանի Օստիկանության սահմանները [Borders of the Vicegerency of Arminia]"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Patma-Banasirakan_Handes" title="Patma-Banasirakan Handes">Patma-Banasirakan Handes</a></i> (in Armenian) (1). Yerevan: <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Academy of Sciences">Armenian Academy of Sciences</a>: 243–258. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0135-0536">0135-0536</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Patma-Banasirakan+Handes&rft.atitle=%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB+%D5%95%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6+%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A8+%5BBorders+of+the+Vicegerency+of+Arminia%5D&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=243-258&rft.date=2005&rft.issn=0135-0536&rft.aulast=Yeghiazaryan&rft.aufirst=Arman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhpj.asj-oa.am%2F3552%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArminiya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRapp2020" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Rapp, Stephen H. (2020). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/georgia-georgians-until-1300-COM_32056?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-3&s.q=georgia">"Georgia, Georgians, until 1300"</a></span>. In Fleet, Kate; <a href="/wiki/Gudrun_Kr%C3%A4mer" title="Gudrun Krämer">Krämer, Gudrun</a>; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; <a href="/wiki/Everett_K._Rowson" title="Everett K. Rowson">Rowson, Everett</a> (eds.). <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i> (3rd ed.). Brill Online. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1873-9830">1873-9830</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Georgia%2C+Georgians%2C+until+1300&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Brill+Online&rft.date=2020&rft.issn=1873-9830&rft.aulast=Rapp&rft.aufirst=Stephen+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-3%2Fgeorgia-georgians-until-1300-COM_32056%3Fs.num%3D0%26s.f.s2_parent%3Ds.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-3%26s.q%3Dgeorgia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArminiya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960635–637-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960635–637_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCanardCahen1960">Canard & Cahen 1960</a>, pp. 635–637.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960635-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960635_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960635_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960635_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCanardCahen1960">Canard & Cahen 1960</a>, p. 635.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636–637-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636–637_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636–637_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCanardCahen1960">Canard & Cahen 1960</a>, pp. 636–637.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960636_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCanardCahen1960">Canard & Cahen 1960</a>, p. 636.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960637-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanardCahen1960637_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCanardCahen1960">Canard & Cahen 1960</a>, p. 637.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197620-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197620_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197620_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197620_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTer-Ghewondyan1976">Ter-Ghewondyan 1976</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhittow1996211-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhittow1996211_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhittow1996">Whittow 1996</a>, p. 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlankinship1994107-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlankinship1994107_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlankinship1994107_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlankinship1994">Blankinship 1994</a>, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197621-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197621_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197621_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTer-Ghewondyan1976">Ter-Ghewondyan 1976</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlankinship199452–54-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlankinship199452–54_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlankinship1994">Blankinship 1994</a>, pp. 52–54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert H. Hewsen. Armenia: A Historical Atlas. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2001, 107, map 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones20071–2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones20071–2_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones2007">Jones 2007</a>, pp. 1–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlankinship1994123–124-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlankinship1994123–124_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlankinship1994">Blankinship 1994</a>, pp. 123–124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlankinship1994153-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlankinship1994153_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlankinship1994">Blankinship 1994</a>, p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhittow1996213-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhittow1996213_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhittow1996">Whittow 1996</a>, p. 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197621–22-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197621–22_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTer-Ghewondyan1976">Ter-Ghewondyan 1976</a>, pp. 21–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhittow1996213–215-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhittow1996213–215_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhittow1996">Whittow 1996</a>, pp. 213–215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197653ff.-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETer-Ghewondyan197653ff._20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTer-Ghewondyan1976">Ter-Ghewondyan 1976</a>, pp. 53ff..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbedrosian.com/ostikans.htm">Arab Governors (Ostikans) of Arminiya, 8th Century</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029203008/http://rbedrosian.com/ostikans.htm">Archived</a> October 29, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hpj.asj-oa.am/2729/1/1977-1(117).pdf">A. Ter-Ghevondyan's "Chronology of the Ostikans of Arminiya," Patma-banasirakan handes (1977) 1, pp. 117-128.</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arminiya&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlankinship1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Khalid_Yahya_Blankinship" title="Khalid Yahya Blankinship">Blankinship, Khalid Yahya</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jz0Yy053WS4C"><i>The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām ibn ʻAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads</i></a>. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1827-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1827-7"><bdi>978-0-7914-1827-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+End+of+the+Jih%C3%A2d+State%3A+The+Reign+of+Hish%C4%81m+ibn+%CA%BBAbd+al-Malik+and+the+Collapse+of+the+Umayyads&rft.place=Albany%2C+New+York&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-1827-7&rft.aulast=Blankinship&rft.aufirst=Khalid+Yahya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJz0Yy053WS4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArminiya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanardCahen1960" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marius_Canard" title="Marius Canard">Canard, Marius</a> & <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cahen" title="Claude Cahen">Cahen, Claude</a> (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0064">"Armīniya"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/H._A._R._Gibb" title="H. A. R. Gibb">Gibb, H. A. R.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Hendrik_Kramers" title="Johannes Hendrik Kramers">Kramers, J. H.</a>; <a href="/wiki/%C3%89variste_L%C3%A9vi-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Évariste Lévi-Provençal">Lévi-Provençal, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Schacht" title="Joseph Schacht">Schacht, J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume I:<i> A–B</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 634–640. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_0064">10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0064</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/495469456">495469456</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Arm%C4%ABniya&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+I%3A+A%E2%80%93B&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=634-640&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F495469456&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_0064&rft.aulast=Canard&rft.aufirst=Marius&rft.au=Cahen%2C+Claude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_0064&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArminiya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2007" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Lynn (2007). <i>Between Islam and Byzantium: Aght'amar and the Visual Construction of Medieval Armenian Rulership</i>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0754638520" title="Special:BookSources/978-0754638520"><bdi>978-0754638520</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+Islam+and+Byzantium%3A+Aght%27amar+and+the+Visual+Construction+of+Medieval+Armenian+Rulership&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0754638520&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Lynn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArminiya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaurent1919" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Laurent, Joseph L. (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cefael.efa.gr/detail.php?site_id=1&actionID=page&serie_id=BefarA&volume_number=117&issue_number=0"><i>L'Arménie entre Byzance et l'Islam: depuis la conquête arabe jusqu'en 886</i></a> (in French). Paris: De Boccard.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Arm%C3%A9nie+entre+Byzance+et+l%27Islam%3A+depuis+la+conqu%C3%AAte+arabe+jusqu%27en+886&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=De+Boccard&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Laurent&rft.aufirst=Joseph+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcefael.efa.gr%2Fdetail.php%3Fsite_id%3D1%26actionID%3Dpage%26serie_id%3DBefarA%26volume_number%3D117%26issue_number%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArminiya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1918" class="citation cs2">Morgan, Jacques de (1918), <i>The History of the Armenian People: From the remotest times to the present day</i>, Barry, Ernest F., trans., Boston: Hairenik Press, <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL5788153M">5788153M</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+Armenian+People%3A+From+the+remotest+times+to+the+present+day&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Hairenik+Press&rft.date=1918&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL5788153M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Jacques+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArminiya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTer-Ghewondyan1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aram_Ter-Ghevondyan" title="Aram Ter-Ghevondyan">Ter-Ghewondyan, Aram</a> (1976) [1965]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rbedrosian_gmail_Aeba"><i>The Arab Emirates in Bagratid Armenia</i></a>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Nina_Garso%C3%AFan" title="Nina Garsoïan">Garsoïan, Nina</a>. Lisbon: <a href="/wiki/Livraria_Bertrand" title="Livraria Bertrand">Livraria Bertrand</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/490638192">490638192</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arab+Emirates+in+Bagratid+Armenia&rft.place=Lisbon&rft.pub=Livraria+Bertrand&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F490638192&rft.aulast=Ter-Ghewondyan&rft.aufirst=Aram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frbedrosian_gmail_Aeba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArminiya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhittow1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Whittow" title="Mark Whittow">Whittow, Mark</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bFh-ASmKksYC"><i>The Making of Byzantium, 600–1025</i></a>. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-20496-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-20496-6"><bdi>978-0-520-20496-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Byzantium%2C+600%E2%80%931025&rft.place=Berkeley+and+Los+Angeles%2C+California&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-520-20496-6&rft.aulast=Whittow&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbFh-ASmKksYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArminiya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Robert H. Hewsen. Armenia: A Historical Atlas. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2001, Pp. 341.</li> <li>Garbis Armen. Historical Atlas of Armenia. A. N. E. C., New York, 1987, Pp. 52.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bournoutian" title="George Bournoutian">George Bournoutian</a>. A History of the Armenian People, Volume I: Pre-History to 1500 AD, Mazda Publishers, Costa Mesa, 1993, Pp. 174.</li> <li>John Douglas. The Armenians, J. J. Winthrop Corp., New York, 1992.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Alaiye" title="Alaiye">Alaiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artuqids" title="Artuqids">Artuqids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aydinids" title="Aydinids">Aydinids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candar_dynasty" title="Candar dynasty">Candaroğulları</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyliks_of_Canik" title="Beyliks of Canik">Canik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chobanids_(beylik)" title="Chobanids (beylik)">Chobanids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_%C3%87ubuko%C4%9Fullar%C4%B1" title="Beylik of Çubukoğulları">Çubukoğulları</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danishmendids" title="Danishmendids">Danishmendids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_Dilma%C3%A7" title="Beylik of Dilmaç">Dilmachids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulkadirids" class="mw-redirect" title="Dulkadirids">Dulkadirids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eretnid_dynasty" title="Eretnid dynasty">Eretnids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_Erzincan" class="mw-redirect" title="Beylik of Erzincan">Erzincan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshrefids" title="Eshrefids">Eshrefids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germiyanids" title="Germiyanids">Germiyanids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Chalybia" title="Emirate of Chalybia">Hacıemir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamidids" title="Hamidids">Hamidids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inalids" title="Inalids">Inalids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadi_Burhan_al-Din" title="Kadi Burhan al-Din">Kadi Burhan al-Din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamanids" title="Karamanids">Karamanids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karasid_dynasty" title="Karasid dynasty">Karasids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inanjids" class="mw-redirect" title="Inanjids">Ladik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Meng%C3%BCjek" title="House of Mengüjek">Mengüjekids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menteshe" title="Menteshe">Menteshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perv%C3%A2neo%C4%9Flu" title="Pervâneoğlu">Pervâneoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qara_Qoyunlu" title="Qara Qoyunlu">Qara Qoyunlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadanid_Emirate" title="Ramadanid Emirate">Ramadanids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah-Armens" title="Shah-Armens">Shah-Armens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahib_Ataids" title="Sahib Ataids">Sahib Ataids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltukids" title="Saltukids">Saltukids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarukhanids" title="Sarukhanids">Sarukhanids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Limnia" title="Emirate of Limnia">Tacettinids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_Tanr%C4%B1bermi%C5%9F" title="Beylik of Tanrıbermiş">Tanrıbermiş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beylik_of_Teke" title="Beylik of Teke">Teke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzachas" title="Tzachas">Tzachas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christian states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list 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href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arminiya&oldid=1252604119">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arminiya&oldid=1252604119</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arminiya" title="Category:Arminiya">Arminiya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_emirates" title="Category:Former emirates">Former emirates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:885_disestablishments" title="Category:885 disestablishments">885 disestablishments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_the_7th_century" title="Category:States and territories established in the 7th century">States and territories established in the 7th century</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_disestablished_in_the_9th_century" title="Category:States and territories 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