CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Tania Bruguera - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"0e3a09d5-7b5b-4332-a800-381c706680b5","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Tania_Bruguera","wgTitle":"Tania Bruguera","wgCurRevisionId":1278047713,"wgRevisionId":1278047713,"wgArticleId":14167138,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from February 2025","Articles with permanently dead external links","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles with hCards","1968 births","Living people","20th-century Cuban women artists","21st-century Cuban women artists","Artists from Havana","Cuban contemporary artists","Instituto Superior de Arte alumni","School of the Art Institute of Chicago alumni","Women installation artists","Women performance artists"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Tania_Bruguera","wgRelevantArticleId":14167138,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q547372","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Tania_bruguera.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1636"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Tania_bruguera.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1091"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="873"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Tania Bruguera - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tania_Bruguera"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Tania_Bruguera&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tania_Bruguera"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Tania_Bruguera rootpage-Tania_Bruguera skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Tania+Bruguera" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Tania+Bruguera" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Tania+Bruguera" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Tania+Bruguera" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Work</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Work-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Work subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Activism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Activism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tania Bruguera</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="تانيا بروغيرا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تانيا بروغيرا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tania_Bruguera" title="Tania Bruguera – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tania Bruguera" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tania_Bruguera" title="Tania Bruguera – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Tania Bruguera" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tania_Bruguera" title="Tania Bruguera – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tania Bruguera" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tania_Bruguera" title="Tania Bruguera – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tania Bruguera" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tania_Bruguera" title="Tania Bruguera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tania Bruguera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tania_Bruguera" title="Tania Bruguera – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tania Bruguera" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tania_Bruguera" title="Tania Bruguera – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tania Bruguera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0" title="താനിയ ബ്രുഗുവേര – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="താനിയ ബ്രുഗുവേര" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="تانيا بروجيرا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تانيا بروجيرا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tania_Bruguera" title="Tania Bruguera – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tania Bruguera" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B2%E3%83%A9" title="タニア・ブルゲラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タニア・ブルゲラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tania_Bruguera" title="Tania Bruguera – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tania Bruguera" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0,_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Бругера, Таня – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бругера, Таня" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Таня Бругера – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Таня Бругера" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="تانیہ بروگیرا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تانیہ بروگیرا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tania_Bruguera" title="Tania Bruguera – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tania Bruguera" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q547372#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tania_Bruguera" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Tania_Bruguera" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tania_Bruguera"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tania_Bruguera&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tania_Bruguera&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tania_Bruguera"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tania_Bruguera&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tania_Bruguera&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Tania_Bruguera" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Tania_Bruguera" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tania_Bruguera&oldid=1278047713" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tania_Bruguera&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Tania_Bruguera&id=1278047713&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTania_Bruguera"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTania_Bruguera"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tania_Bruguera&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tania_Bruguera&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q547372" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cuban artist and activist (born 1968)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Tania Bruguera</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tania_bruguera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tania_bruguera.jpg/250px-Tania_bruguera.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Tania_bruguera.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="394" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Havana, 2009</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Tania Brugueras</div><br />1968 (age 56–57)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Superior_de_Arte" title="Instituto Superior de Arte">Instituto Superior de Arte</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_the_Art_Institute_of_Chicago" title="School of the Art Institute of Chicago">School of the Art Institute of Chicago</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Artist and activist</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Displacement (1989-99), Untitled (Havana, 2000), Tatlin's Whisper #5 (2008)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category">Performance Art, installation and video</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Brugueras" title="Miguel Brugueras">Miguel Brugueras</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Guggenheim Fellowship (1998)</li><li>Prince Claus Prize (2000)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vel%C3%A1zquez_Award_for_Plastic_Arts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velázquez Award for Plastic Arts (page does not exist)">Velázquez Award for Plastic Arts</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Vel%C3%A1zquez_de_Artes_Pl%C3%A1sticas" class="extiw" title="es:Premio Velázquez de Artes Plásticas">es</a>]</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taniabruguera.com">www<wbr />.taniabruguera<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tania Bruguera</b> (born 1968 in <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>, Cuba<sup id="cite_ref-Phaidon_Editors_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phaidon_Editors-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a Cuban artist and activist who focuses on <a href="/wiki/Installation_art" title="Installation art">installation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">performance art</a>. She lives in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a> where she works as head of media and performance at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bruguera has participated in numerous international exhibitions.<sup id="cite_ref-Global_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> her work is in the permanent collections of many institutions, including the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bronx_Museum_of_the_Arts" title="Bronx Museum of the Arts">Bronx Museum of the Arts</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Museo_Nacional_de_Bellas_Artes_de_La_Habana" title="Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de La Habana">Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de La Habana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Global_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bruguera's work pivots around issues of power and control, and several of her works interrogate and re-present events in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Cuba" title="History of Cuba">Cuban history</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IUAV_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUAV-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Posner_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Posner-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of her artistic actions and activism, Bruguera has been arrested and jailed several times by the Cuban authorities. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tania_Bruguera&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>She was born Tania Brugueras, the daughter of diplomat and politician <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Brugueras" title="Miguel Brugueras">Miguel Brugueras</a>, but at the age of 18 changed her name to Bruguera, "her first act of political rebellion".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With her father being a diplomat and minister in the <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a> government, Tania moved three times throughout her childhood. Her father's career took the family to Paris (1973–1974), Lebanon (1974–1977), and Panama (1977–1979). In 1979, two years after her third move, Bruguera decided to return to Cuba.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bruguera studied at the <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Superior_de_Arte" title="Instituto Superior de Arte">Instituto Superior de Arte</a> in <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a> and then earned an <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Fine_Arts" title="Master of Fine Arts">M.F.A.</a> in performance from the <a href="/wiki/School_of_the_Art_Institute_of_Chicago" title="School of the Art Institute of Chicago">School of the Art Institute of Chicago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CV_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CV-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IUAV_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUAV-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Global_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is the founder and director of Catédra Arte de Conducta (behavior art school), the first performance studies program in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>, which is hosted by <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Superior_de_Arte" title="Instituto Superior de Arte">Instituto Superior de Arte</a> in <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>. From 2003 through 2010, she was an assistant professor at the Department of Visual Arts of <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Chicago">the University of Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and is an invited professor at the <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Iuav_di_Venezia" title="Università Iuav di Venezia">Università Iuav di Venezia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IUAV_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUAV-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UChicago_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UChicago-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dolnick_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dolnick-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, Bruguera departed Cuba in exchange for the Cuban government freeing activists imprisoned in that year after she got a job offer from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tania_Bruguera&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1985–96, after the death of <a href="/wiki/Ana_Mendieta" title="Ana Mendieta">Ana Mendieta</a>, Bruguera created a series of performances titled <i>Tribute to Ana Mendieta</i>, a site-specific piece in which Bruguera recreates objects and performances created by Mendieta.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bruguera's 1997 work <i>The Burden of Guilt</i> (<i>El peso de la culpa</i>) was the artist's take on a story of mass suicide of a group of indigenous Cubans who have consumed large amounts of soil in order to show their resistance to the Spanish occupation.<sup id="cite_ref-guggenheim.org_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guggenheim.org-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bruguera interpreted their act of eating dirt as "a weapon of resistance."<sup id="cite_ref-Guilt_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guilt-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her performance, Bruguera stood, naked, with a lamb carcass hanging from her neck, creating both a physical and symbolic burden.<sup id="cite_ref-Guilt_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guilt-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For 45 minutes, she consumed soil mixed with water and salt, representing tears.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guilt_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guilt-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rubin_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubin-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Edward Rubin described it, "the harrowing piece was first performed in Havana, where the audience was duly reminded that freedom, liberty, and self-determination are not abstract ideals, but achievements that deeply inscribe their meaning on our physical being."<sup id="cite_ref-Rubin_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubin-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998–1999 Bruguera created a behavior art piece titled "<i>Destierro"</i>(Displacement).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This piece of work resembles the power figure ‘Nikis Nkonde’ and is supposed to draw attention to the empty promises the Cuban government made to its people during the revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With this piece of art Tania calls upon the Cuban people to take an active stance and demand that the Cuban government finally fulfill their promises.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002 Bruguera founded the <i>Cátedra Arte de Conducta</i> (Behavior Art School) in Havana to provide a space for the training of alternative art studies in contemporary Cuban society.<sup id="cite_ref-Catedra_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catedra-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The focus of the <i>Cátedra</i> was to educate young Cuban artists on diverse styles of art, and to show how art could be used as a tool for the transformation of ideology.<sup id="cite_ref-Catedra_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catedra-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the <i>Cátedra</i> itself can be understood as an artwork in the manner of <a href="/wiki/Institutional_Critique" class="mw-redirect" title="Institutional Critique">institutional critique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_practice_(art)" title="Social practice (art)">social practice</a>, or parasitism, with Bruguera re-formulating the institutional frameworks of the <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Superior_de_Arte" title="Instituto Superior de Arte">Cuban national art school</a>, the Havana Bienal, and the money- and influence-fueled <a href="/wiki/Art_world" title="Art world">international art circuit</a> to unintended purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Using her position within this social milieu, Bruguera advanced the careers of her [<i>Cátedra</i>] students by exhibiting their artworks as her own participation in the Havana Bienal."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bruguera's performance in Havana at the Havana Biennial of <i>Tatlin's Whisper #6</i> 2009 generated great controversy. During the performance Bruguera put up a microphone and told people in attendance they could say whatever they wanted for one minute. Performers wearing military fatigues placed a white bird upon each speaker's shoulders, referencing the famed incident when a dove rested on Fidel Castro's shoulder during his speech declaring revolutionary victory in January 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various of the attendees use the opportunity to ask for “freedom” and “democracy”. One of these was the renowned dissident blogger <a href="/wiki/Yoani_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Yoani Sánchez">Yoani Sánchez</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MHerald_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MHerald-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Repubblica_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Repubblica-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cuban government denounced this in a statement saying that it considered “this to be an anti-cultural event of shameful opportunism that offends Cuban artists and foreigners who came to offer their work and solidarity."<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jiribilla_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jiribilla-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, Bruguera began working on <i>Immigrant Movement International,</i> a multi-part artwork expected to continue through 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-Tate_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tate-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bruguera began in 2011 by spending a year living in a small apartment in Corona, Queens, with five immigrants and their children.<sup id="cite_ref-Dolnick_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dolnick-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was interested in experiencing some problems immigrants without residency papers encountered trying to survive on low pay and without health insurance.<sup id="cite_ref-Dolnick_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dolnick-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project, funded by the <a href="/wiki/Queens_Museum_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Queens Museum of Art">Queens Museum of Art</a> and a nonprofit arts group called <a href="/wiki/Creative_Time" title="Creative Time">Creative Time</a>, also involved opening a storefront in New York where Bruguera wanted to hold arts workshops for immigrants, but found that most of the people who came to the store were interested in learning English or help finding employment or legal aid.<sup id="cite_ref-Dolnick_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dolnick-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, she presented <i>Surplus Value,</i> a participatory work as part of the larger project of <i>Immigrant Movement International</i> at Tate Modern. In order to enter <i>Surplus Value,</i> museum visitors waited in a long line, and they were required to pass a <a href="/wiki/Polygraph" title="Polygraph">polygraph</a> test about their visa applications.<sup id="cite_ref-Tate_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tate-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exhibition space contained four reproductions of signs from Nazi labor camps.<sup id="cite_ref-Tate_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tate-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, she initiated the project The Museum of Arte Útil in collaboration with Queens Museum of Art in New York and the <a href="/wiki/Van_Abbemuseum" title="Van Abbemuseum">Van Abbemuseum</a> in Eindhoven (NL).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arte Útil in Spanish roughly translates as useful art, but also suggests art as a device or tool. Arte Útil imagines, creates and implements socially beneficial outcomes. The Museum of Arte Útil evolved in the Asociación de Arte Útil, a new, international membership organisation that seeks to promote and implement Arte Útil.<sup id="cite_ref-arteutil_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arteutil-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alistair Hudson, director of the <a href="/wiki/Middlesbrough_Institute_of_Modern_Art" title="Middlesbrough Institute of Modern Art">Middlesbrough Institute of Modern Art</a> (MIMA) is co-director with Bruguera of the Asociación. </p><p>In 2017, Bruguera proposed herself as a candidate in the 2018 Cuban Presidential Election in a video called #YoMePropongo en Cuba. In this project, she challenges the audience to imagine what they would do to create a better future Cuba, if they were elected president. To date, Bruguera has received 70 video responses from everyday Cubans expressing their desires to reform the corrupt government, include affordable housing, and improve their weak economy.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, she was the recipient of a commission for the <a href="/wiki/Tate_Modern" title="Tate Modern">Tate Modern</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Turbine_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbine Hall">Turbine Hall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the installation, Bruguera covered part of the floor with heat-sensitive black paint; when visitors sat or lay upon it, part of a vast portrait of a <a href="/wiki/Syrian_refugee" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian refugee">Syrian refugee</a> beneath was revealed. Curator Catherine Wood explained, "It is a call to action, because there's no way that you can see this picture unless you join together with many, many other people."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, the <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rez_Art_Museum_Miami" title="Pérez Art Museum Miami">Pérez Art Museum Miami</a> acquired Bruguera's work <i>El peso de la culpa</i> (The Burden of Guilt) as part of the institution's new acquisitions initiative.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bruguera has participated in numerous international exhibitions, including <a href="/wiki/Documenta_11" class="mw-redirect" title="Documenta 11">Documenta 11</a> (2002), <a href="/wiki/Documenta_fifteen" title="Documenta fifteen">Documenta fifteen</a> (2022), the Bienal Iberoamericana in Lima, Peru (2002), the <a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Biennial" title="Istanbul Biennial">Istanbul Biennial</a> (2003), the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Biennale" title="Shanghai Biennale">Shanghai Biennale</a> (2004), and the <a href="/wiki/Gwangju_Biennale" title="Gwangju Biennale">Gwangju Biennale</a> in Gwangju, Korea (2008).<sup id="cite_ref-Global_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her work is also in the permanent collections of many institutions around the world, including the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bronx_Museum_of_the_Arts" title="Bronx Museum of the Arts">Bronx Museum of the Arts</a> in New York and the <a href="/wiki/Museo_Nacional_de_Bellas_Artes_de_La_Habana" title="Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de La Habana">Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de La Habana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Global_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Activism">Activism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tania_Bruguera&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Activism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bruguera was arrested and released three times in the time frame of December 2014 through January 2015<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for having organized a public performance in La Havana's <a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_la_Revoluci%C3%B3n" title="Plaza de la Revolución">Plaza de la Revolución</a>. She was detained with several other Cuban artists, activists, bloggers and journalists who participated in the 'Yo Tambien Exijo' campaign. The campaign arose after <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Castro" title="Raúl Castro">Raúl Castro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>’s declarations on December 17, 2014<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> about  the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_thaw" title="Cuban thaw">restoration of diplomatic ties</a>, potentially bringing an end to five decades of hostility. The first arrests were made on Tuesday, December 30, after Bruguera announced a public performance with the intention of leaving an open microphone available to Cubans to allow them to freely express their thoughts. The performance, titled <i>Tatlin’s wisper #6 – Havana Version</i>, was already staged in 2009 during the 10th <a href="/wiki/Havana_Biennial" title="Havana Biennial">Havana Biennial</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <i>Tatlin's Whisper #5</i> (2008), participants at Tate Modern's Turbine Hall, where the performance happened, were confronted by mounted police officers, who confronted them down as though compromised with a beginning riot.<sup id="cite_ref-guggenheim.org_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guggenheim.org-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The event attracted widespread media coverage<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both in favor and against her action and a public letter<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in support of Tania addressed to Raúl Castro was written and signed by over a thousand people across the globe. The letter stated: "We firmly believe her detention, and the withdrawal of her Cuban passport, are inappropriate responses to a work of art that simply sought to open space for public discussion." Eventually she was released and the Cuban government returned Tania Bruguera's passport on July 10, 2015, six months after confiscating it.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2015, Bruguera announced that she may still return to Cuba. She said that during the time of her detention she only agreed to leave under two conditions: that dissidents who were arrested after attending her aborted performance in Revolution Square be released; and that the Cuban government give her a signed and stamped letter guaranteeing that she could return to Cuba.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 3, 2016, she launched a <a href="/wiki/Kickstarter" title="Kickstarter">Kickstarter</a> campaign to raise funds for INSTAR (Institute of Artivism Hannah Arendt). The Institute focuses on creating bridges of trust, peaceful and considered responses in times of hardship, and to create a place where people with different political views can come together to build a better country.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patrons of the Kickstarter campaign were offered to have a message of their choice delivered to the Cuban government during Bruguera’s next interrogation.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2017, Tania Bruguera announced that she would be running for "President of Cuba", when the current President Raul Castro (brother of Fidel Castro) steps down. Bruguera has stated that the satirical performance is an act to expose the fact of Cuba being a one party state that is not elected by the people. She is hoping to enact change with bringing to light this reality, removing the culture of fear.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bruguera was arrested in December 2018 in advance of a planned protest against a Cuban law (Decree 349) that would require artists to apply for government licenses.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 6, 2018, Bruguera was released from jail after three days along with a dozen other artists and activists for organizing sit-in protests against Decree 349.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, her sister informed 'The Art Newspaper' that the Cuban authorities were keeping her under house arrest and they were building a penal case against the artist.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bruguera filed a lawsuit against the Cuban government for defamation after the publication of information that sought to "damag[e] [the artist] and [her] family, psychologically, socially, and professionally,"<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was published in state-run media publications <i><a href="/wiki/Granma_(newspaper)" title="Granma (newspaper)">Granma</a></i> newspaper, <i>Razones de Cuba</i>, and <i>La Jiribilla</i>. </p><p>In October 2020, Bruguera denounced feeling extreme physical discomfort due to a high-pitched sound that she heard in her own home in Havana.<sup id="cite_ref-CiberCuba_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CiberCuba-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sound and symptoms that she described are similar to those known as the <a href="/wiki/Havana_syndrome" title="Havana syndrome">Havana syndrome</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tania_Bruguera&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Phaidon_Editors-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Phaidon_Editors_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Great Women Artists</i>. Phaidon Press. 2019. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0714878775" title="Special:BookSources/978-0714878775"><bdi>978-0714878775</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Women+Artists&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Phaidon+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0714878775&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translatingcuba.com/forced-into-exile-artist-tania-bruguera-says-that-she-will-return-to-cuba-in-august/">"Forced Into Exile, Artist Tania Bruguera Says That She Will Return to Cuba in August"</a>. <i>Translating Cuba</i>. Translated by Regina Anavy. 2023-05-04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230519230624/https://translatingcuba.com/forced-into-exile-artist-tania-bruguera-says-that-she-will-return-to-cuba-in-august/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-05-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Translating+Cuba&rft.atitle=Forced+Into+Exile%2C+Artist+Tania+Bruguera+Says+That+She+Will+Return+to+Cuba+in+August&rft.date=2023-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftranslatingcuba.com%2Fforced-into-exile-artist-tania-bruguera-says-that-she-will-return-to-cuba-in-august%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Global-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Global_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReilly_and_Nochlin2007" class="citation book cs1">Reilly and Nochlin, Eds (2007). <i>Global Feminisms: New Directions in Contemporary Art</i>. London and New York: Merrell. p. 270.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Feminisms%3A+New+Directions+in+Contemporary+Art&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=270&rft.pub=Merrell&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Reilly+and+Nochlin&rft.aufirst=Eds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IUAV-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IUAV_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IUAV_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IUAV_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iuav.it/Facolta/facolt--di1/English-ve/faculty/teaching-f/Tania-Brug/index.htm">IUAV</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2025">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, Faculty of Arts & Design</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Posner-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Posner_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPosnerMosqueraLambert-Beatty2009" class="citation book cs1">Posner, Helaine; Mosquera, Gerardo; Lambert-Beatty, Carrie (2009). <i>Tania Bruguera: On the political imaginary</i>. New York, NY: Charta. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-8158-764-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-8158-764-3"><bdi>978-88-8158-764-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tania+Bruguera%3A+On+the+political+imaginary&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Charta&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-88-8158-764-3&rft.aulast=Posner&rft.aufirst=Helaine&rft.au=Mosquera%2C+Gerardo&rft.au=Lambert-Beatty%2C+Carrie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlvarez" class="citation web cs1">Alvarez, Carlos Manuel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2016/10/tania-bruguera-cuban-artist-fights-free-expression-160930124023219.html">"Tania Bruguera: Cuban artist fights for free expression"</a>. <i>www.aljazeera.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190824190019/https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2016/10/tania-bruguera-cuban-artist-fights-free-expression-160930124023219.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=Tania+Bruguera%3A+Cuban+artist+fights+for+free+expression&rft.aulast=Alvarez&rft.aufirst=Carlos+Manuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Findepth%2Ffeatures%2F2016%2F10%2Ftania-bruguera-cuban-artist-fights-free-expression-160930124023219.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBass" class="citation web cs1">Bass, Nicole. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190119050620/http://www.taniabruguera.com/cms/files/note_bio_machado_for_nicole_1.pdf">"Biography by Nicole Bass"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.taniabruguera.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taniabruguera.com/cms/files/note_bio_machado_for_nicole_1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.taniabruguera.com&rft.atitle=Biography+by+Nicole+Bass&rft.aulast=Bass&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taniabruguera.com%2Fcms%2Ffiles%2Fnote_bio_machado_for_nicole_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CV-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CV_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160701060314/http://www.taniabruguera.com/PDFdocuments/Resume.pdf">"Curriculum Vitae"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>taniabruguera.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taniabruguera.com/PDFdocuments/Resume.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=taniabruguera.com&rft.atitle=Curriculum+Vitae&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taniabruguera.com%2FPDFdocuments%2FResume.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UChicago-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UChicago_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dova.uchicago.edu/faculty/fac_bruguera.htmlThe">University of Chicago</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170923002855/http://dova.uchicago.edu/faculty/fac_bruguera.htmlThe">Archived</a> 2017-09-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Department of Visual Arts</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dolnick-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dolnick_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dolnick_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dolnick_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dolnick_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDolnick2011" class="citation news cs1">Dolnick, Sam (May 18, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/19/nyregion/as-art-tania-bruguera-lives-like-a-poor-immigrant.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0">"An Artist's Performance: A Year as a Poor Immigrant"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150527185202/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/19/nyregion/as-art-tania-bruguera-lives-like-a-poor-immigrant.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=An+Artist%27s+Performance%3A+A+Year+as+a+Poor+Immigrant&rft.date=2011-05-18&rft.aulast=Dolnick&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F05%2F19%2Fnyregion%2Fas-art-tania-bruguera-lives-like-a-poor-immigrant.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall%26_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artforum.com/news/tania-bruguera-departing-cuba-in-exchange-for-government-freeing-prisoners-86897">"Tania Bruguera Departing Cuba in Exchange for Government Freeing Prisoners"</a>. <i>www.artforum.com</i>. 8 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230520193029/https://www.artforum.com/news/tania-bruguera-departing-cuba-in-exchange-for-government-freeing-prisoners-86897">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-05-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.artforum.com&rft.atitle=Tania+Bruguera+Departing+Cuba+in+Exchange+for+Government+Freeing+Prisoners&rft.date=2021-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artforum.com%2Fnews%2Ftania-bruguera-departing-cuba-in-exchange-for-government-freeing-prisoners-86897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taniabruguera.com/tribute-to-ana-mendieta/">"Tribute to Ana Mendieta – Tania Bruguera"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220823011112/https://www.taniabruguera.com/tribute-to-ana-mendieta/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-08-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tribute+to+Ana+Mendieta+%E2%80%93+Tania+Bruguera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taniabruguera.com%2Ftribute-to-ana-mendieta%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guggenheim.org-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guggenheim.org_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guggenheim.org_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guggenheim.org/artwork/artist/tania-bruguera">"The Guggenheim Museums and Foundation"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210801161659/https://www.guggenheim.org/artwork/artist/tania-bruguera">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-08-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Guggenheim+Museums+and+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guggenheim.org%2Fartwork%2Fartist%2Ftania-bruguera&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFusco2000" class="citation book cs1">Fusco, Coco (2000). <i>Corpus Delecti: Performance Art of the Americas</i>. London: Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">152–</span>153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415194547" title="Special:BookSources/0415194547"><bdi>0415194547</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Corpus+Delecti%3A+Performance+Art+of+the+Americas&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E152-%3C%2Fspan%3E153&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0415194547&rft.aulast=Fusco&rft.aufirst=Coco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guilt-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guilt_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guilt_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guilt_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190929074337/http://www.taniabruguera.com/cms/214-0-The+Burden+of+Guilt.htm">"The Burden of Guilt"</a>. <i>Tania Bruguera</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taniabruguera.com/cms/214-0-The+Burden+of+Guilt.htm">the original</a> on September 29, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tania+Bruguera&rft.atitle=The+Burden+of+Guilt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taniabruguera.com%2Fcms%2F214-0-The%2BBurden%2Bof%2BGuilt.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scalar.usc.edu/nehvectors/taylor/performing-greater-cuba-tania-bruguera-and-the-burden-of-guilt">"Holy Terrors: Performing Greater Cuba: Tania Bruguera and the Burden of Guilt"</a>. <i>Holy Terrors: Latin American Women Perform</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230520181325/https://scalar.usc.edu/nehvectors/taylor/performing-greater-cuba-tania-bruguera-and-the-burden-of-guilt">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-05-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Holy+Terrors%3A+Latin+American+Women+Perform&rft.atitle=Holy+Terrors%3A+Performing+Greater+Cuba%3A+Tania+Bruguera+and+the+Burden+of+Guilt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscalar.usc.edu%2Fnehvectors%2Ftaylor%2Fperforming-greater-cuba-tania-bruguera-and-the-burden-of-guilt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rubin-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rubin_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rubin_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRubin" class="citation web cs1">Rubin, Edward. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815164806/http://www.artesmagazine.com/2010/03/neuberger-museum-features-installation-art-by-cuban-artist/">"Art in America Featured Installation by Cuban Artist at Neuberger Museum"</a>. <i>Artes Magazine</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artesmagazine.com/2010/03/neuberger-museum-features-installation-art-by-cuban-artist/">the original</a> on August 15, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Artes+Magazine&rft.atitle=Art+in+America+Featured+Installation+by+Cuban+Artist+at+Neuberger+Museum&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artesmagazine.com%2F2010%2F03%2Fneuberger-museum-features-installation-art-by-cuban-artist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTania" class="citation web cs1">Tania, Bruguera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170923002649/http://www.taniabruguera.com/cms/104-0-Displacement.htm">"Tania Bruguera | Displacement"</a>. <i>www.taniabruguera.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taniabruguera.com/cms/104-0-Displacement.htm">the original</a> on 2017-09-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.taniabruguera.com&rft.atitle=Tania+Bruguera+%7C+Displacement&rft.aulast=Tania&rft.aufirst=Bruguera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taniabruguera.com%2Fcms%2F104-0-Displacement.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Catedra-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Catedra_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Catedra_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190923204612/http://www.taniabruguera.com/cms/492-0-Ctedra+Arte+de+Conducta+Behavior+Art+School.htm">"Catedra Arte de Conducta (Behavior Art School)"</a>. <i>Tania Bruguera</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taniabruguera.com/cms/492-0-Ctedra+Arte+de+Conducta+Behavior+Art+School.htm">the original</a> on 23 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tania+Bruguera&rft.atitle=Catedra+Arte+de+Conducta+%28Behavior+Art+School%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taniabruguera.com%2Fcms%2F492-0-Ctedra%2BArte%2Bde%2BConducta%2BBehavior%2BArt%2BSchool.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnagnost2017" class="citation journal cs1">Anagnost, Adrian (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomsburycollections.com/book/beyond-critique-contemporary-art-in-theory-practice-and-instruction/ch7-parasitism-and-contemporary-art">"Parasitism and Contemporary Art"</a>. <i>Beyond Critique: Contemporary Art in Theory, Practice, and Instruction, ed. By Pamela Fraser and Roger Rothman (Bloomsbury Academic, 2017)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210519212834/https://www.bloomsburycollections.com/book/beyond-critique-contemporary-art-in-theory-practice-and-instruction/ch7-parasitism-and-contemporary-art">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-05-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Beyond+Critique%3A+Contemporary+Art+in+Theory%2C+Practice%2C+and+Instruction%2C+ed.+By+Pamela+Fraser+and+Roger+Rothman+%28Bloomsbury+Academic%2C+2017%29&rft.atitle=Parasitism+and+Contemporary+Art&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Anagnost&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomsburycollections.com%2Fbook%2Fbeyond-critique-contemporary-art-in-theory-practice-and-instruction%2Fch7-parasitism-and-contemporary-art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lucian.uchicago.edu/blogs/opc/text/2009/03/havana-biennial-documentary-7/">"HAVANA BIENNIAL DOCUMENTARY | Open Practice Committee"</a>. <i>Open Practice Committee |</i>. 2009-03-29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210519212832/https://lucian.uchicago.edu/blogs/opc/text/2009/03/havana-biennial-documentary-7/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-05-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Open+Practice+Committee+%7C&rft.atitle=HAVANA+BIENNIAL+DOCUMENTARY+%7C+Open+Practice+Committee&rft.date=2009-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flucian.uchicago.edu%2Fblogs%2Fopc%2Ftext%2F2009%2F03%2Fhavana-biennial-documentary-7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRavines1961" class="citation book cs1">Ravines, Eudocio (1961). <i>La gran estafa</i>. Producciones de America.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+gran+estafa&rft.pub=Producciones+de+America&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Ravines&rft.aufirst=Eudocio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/internetNews/idUKTRE5306OQ20090401?sp=true">Reuters</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090409045549/http://uk.reuters.com/article/internetNews/idUKTRE5306OQ20090401?sp=true">Archived</a> 2009-04-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Cuba accuses blogger of "provocation".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MHerald-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MHerald_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miamiherald.com/living/story/976152.html">The Miami Herald</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090723215108/http://www.miamiherald.com/living/story/976152.html">Archived</a> 2009-07-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Artist's work lets Cubans speak out in Havana for freedom</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Repubblica-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Repubblica_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.repubblica.it/2009/03/sezioni/esteri/cuba-usa/performance-liberta/performance-liberta.html">La Repubblica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090403080428/http://www.repubblica.it/2009/03/sezioni/esteri/cuba-usa/performance-liberta/performance-liberta.html">Archived</a> 2009-04-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Cuba, blogger sul palco per un grido di libertà.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jiribilla-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jiribilla_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lajiribilla.cu/2009/n412_03/412_50.html">La Jiribilla:</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090404031616/http://www.lajiribilla.cu/2009/n412_03/412_50.html">Archived</a> 2009-04-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Declaración del Comité Organizador de la Décima Bienal de La Habana.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tate-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tate_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tate_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tate_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-modern-tanks-tate-modern/exhibition/tania-bruguera-immigrant-movement-international">"Tania Bruguera: Immigrant Movement International"</a>. <i>Tate Modern</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131102165200/http://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-modern-tanks-tate-modern/exhibition/tania-bruguera-immigrant-movement-international">Archived</a> from the original on November 2, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tate+Modern&rft.atitle=Tania+Bruguera%3A+Immigrant+Movement+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tate.org.uk%2Fwhats-on%2Ftate-modern-tanks-tate-modern%2Fexhibition%2Ftania-bruguera-immigrant-movement-international&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museumarteutil.net/">"Museum of Arte Útil"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160227001053/http://museumarteutil.net/">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-02-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Museum+of+Arte+%C3%9Atil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseumarteutil.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arteutil-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arteutil_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arte-util.org/">"Asociación de Arte Útil"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306101325/http://www.arte-util.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asociaci%C3%B3n+de+Arte+%C3%9Atil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arte-util.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ybca.org/whats-on/tania-bruguera">"YBCA: Talking to Power / Hablandole al Poder"</a>. <i>YBCA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170923095900/https://www.ybca.org/whats-on/tania-bruguera">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YBCA&rft.atitle=YBCA%3A+Talking+to+Power+%2F+Hablandole+al+Poder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ybca.org%2Fwhats-on%2Ftania-bruguera&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrown2018" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Mark (21 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/feb/21/tania-bruguera-wins-tate-modern-turbine-hall-commission">"Tania Bruguera wins Tate Modern Turbine Hall commission | Art and design"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200511192853/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/feb/21/tania-bruguera-wins-tate-modern-turbine-hall-commission">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-05-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Tania+Bruguera+wins+Tate+Modern+Turbine+Hall+commission+%26%23124%3B+Art+and+design&rft.date=2018-02-21&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2F2018%2Ffeb%2F21%2Ftania-bruguera-wins-tate-modern-turbine-hall-commission&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMead2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Mead, Rebecca (November 12, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/11/12/tania-brugueras-empathy-inducing-installation">"Tania Bruguera's Empathy-Inducing Installation"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191115131848/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/11/12/tania-brugueras-empathy-inducing-installation">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Tania+Bruguera%27s+Empathy-Inducing+Installation&rft.date=2018-11-12&rft.aulast=Mead&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2018%2F11%2F12%2Ftania-brugueras-empathy-inducing-installation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pamm.org/en/artwork/2017.073">"El peso de la culpa (The Burden of Guilt) • Pérez Art Museum Miami"</a>. <i>Pérez Art Museum Miami</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307170723/https://www.pamm.org/en/artwork/2017.073/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=P%C3%A9rez+Art+Museum+Miami&rft.atitle=El+peso+de+la+culpa+%28The+Burden+of+Guilt%29+%E2%80%A2+P%C3%A9rez+Art+Museum+Miami&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pamm.org%2Fen%2Fartwork%2F2017.073&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFValentine2021" class="citation web cs1">Valentine, Victoria L. (2021-08-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.culturetype.com/2021/08/20/new-acquisitions-perez-art-museum-miami-adds-13-works-to-collection-diverse-slate-of-artists-includes-kenturah-davis-bisa-butler-karon-davis-coco-fusco-and-sonia-gomes/">"New Acquisitions: Pérez Art Museum Miami Adds 13 Works to Collection, Diverse Slate of Artists Includes Kenturah Davis, Bisa Butler, Karon Davis, Coco Fusco, and Sonia Gomes"</a>. <i>Culture Type</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307165240/https://www.culturetype.com/2021/08/20/new-acquisitions-perez-art-museum-miami-adds-13-works-to-collection-diverse-slate-of-artists-includes-kenturah-davis-bisa-butler-karon-davis-coco-fusco-and-sonia-gomes/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Culture+Type&rft.atitle=New+Acquisitions%3A+P%C3%A9rez+Art+Museum+Miami+Adds+13+Works+to+Collection%2C+Diverse+Slate+of+Artists+Includes+Kenturah+Davis%2C+Bisa+Butler%2C+Karon+Davis%2C+Coco+Fusco%2C+and+Sonia+Gomes&rft.date=2021-08-21&rft.aulast=Valentine&rft.aufirst=Victoria+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturetype.com%2F2021%2F08%2F20%2Fnew-acquisitions-perez-art-museum-miami-adds-13-works-to-collection-diverse-slate-of-artists-includes-kenturah-davis-bisa-butler-karon-davis-coco-fusco-and-sonia-gomes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArchibold2015" class="citation news cs1">Archibold, Randal C. (2015-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/02/world/americas/cuba-again-arrests-artist-seeking-dissidents-release.html">"Cuba Again Arrests Artist Seeking Dissidents' Release"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201216221128/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/02/world/americas/cuba-again-arrests-artist-seeking-dissidents-release.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-12-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Cuba+Again+Arrests+Artist+Seeking+Dissidents%27+Release&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.aulast=Archibold&rft.aufirst=Randal+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F01%2F02%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fcuba-again-arrests-artist-seeking-dissidents-release.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hyperallergic.com/213188/artist-tania-bruguera-arrested-again-in-havana-injured-by-police/">"Artist Tania Bruguera Arrested Again in Havana, Injured by Police"</a>. <i>Hyperallergic</i>. 9 June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160308014250/http://hyperallergic.com/213188/artist-tania-bruguera-arrested-again-in-havana-injured-by-police/">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hyperallergic&rft.atitle=Artist+Tania+Bruguera+Arrested+Again+in+Havana%2C+Injured+by+Police&rft.date=2015-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhyperallergic.com%2F213188%2Fartist-tania-bruguera-arrested-again-in-havana-injured-by-police%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/miranda/la-et-cam-cuban-artist-tania-bruguera-her-arrests-and-why-she-remains-in-cuba-20150107-column.html">"Tania Bruguera on her art, her detentions and what happens next"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. 10 January 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160229220939/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/miranda/la-et-cam-cuban-artist-tania-bruguera-her-arrests-and-why-she-remains-in-cuba-20150107-column.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-02-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Tania+Bruguera+on+her+art%2C+her+detentions+and+what+happens+next&rft.date=2015-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment%2Farts%2Fmiranda%2Fla-et-cam-cuban-artist-tania-bruguera-her-arrests-and-why-she-remains-in-cuba-20150107-column.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/12/17/statement-president-cuba-policy-changes">"Statement by the President on Cuba Policy Changes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</a></i>. 17 December 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170121005858/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/12/17/statement-president-cuba-policy-changes">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-01-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span></span> – via <a href="/wiki/NARA" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA">National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whitehouse.gov&rft.atitle=Statement+by+the+President+on+Cuba+Policy+Changes&rft.date=2014-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobamawhitehouse.archives.gov%2Fthe-press-office%2F2014%2F12%2F17%2Fstatement-president-cuba-policy-changes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYork2014" class="citation news cs1">York, Alan Yuhas in New (17 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/live/2014/dec/17/alan-gross-cuba-prisoner-freed-obama">"Obama and Castro hail historic breakthrough for US-Cuba relations – as it happened"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306161931/http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/live/2014/dec/17/alan-gross-cuba-prisoner-freed-obama">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Obama+and+Castro+hail+historic+breakthrough+for+US-Cuba+relations+%E2%80%93+as+it+happened&rft.date=2014-12-17&rft.aulast=York&rft.aufirst=Alan+Yuhas+in+New&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2Flive%2F2014%2Fdec%2F17%2Falan-gross-cuba-prisoner-freed-obama&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190218220241/http://www.taniabruguera.com/cms/112-0-Tatlins+Whisper+6+Havana+version.htm">"Tatlin's Whisper #6 (Havana version)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taniabruguera.com/cms/112-0-Tatlins+Whisper+6+Havana+version.htm">the original</a> on 2019-02-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tatlin%27s+Whisper+%236+%28Havana+version%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taniabruguera.com%2Fcms%2F112-0-Tatlins%2BWhisper%2B6%2BHavana%2Bversion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hyperallergic.com/173328/how-tania-brugueras-free-speech-performance-was-mishandled-and-misreported-in-cuba/">"How Tania Bruguera's Free Speech Performance Was Mishandled, and Misreported, in Cuba"</a>. <i>Hyperallergic</i>. 7 January 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160308013640/http://hyperallergic.com/173328/how-tania-brugueras-free-speech-performance-was-mishandled-and-misreported-in-cuba/">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hyperallergic&rft.atitle=How+Tania+Bruguera%27s+Free+Speech+Performance+Was+Mishandled%2C+and+Misreported%2C+in+Cuba&rft.date=2015-01-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhyperallergic.com%2F173328%2Fhow-tania-brugueras-free-speech-performance-was-mishandled-and-misreported-in-cuba%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-flux.com/announcements/on-the-detention-of-cuban-artist-tania-bruguera-by-coco-fusco/">"On the detention of Cuban artist Tania Bruguera, by Coco Fusco | e-flux"</a>. <i>www.e-flux.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160302103905/http://www.e-flux.com/announcements/on-the-detention-of-cuban-artist-tania-bruguera-by-coco-fusco/">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.e-flux.com&rft.atitle=On+the+detention+of+Cuban+artist+Tania+Bruguera%2C+by+Coco+Fusco+%7C+e-flux&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-flux.com%2Fannouncements%2Fon-the-detention-of-cuban-artist-tania-bruguera-by-coco-fusco%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.artnet.com/art-world/how-tania-brugueras-whisper-became-the-performance-heard-round-the-world-213637">"Tania Bruguera's 2014 Whisper Performance – artnet News"</a>. <i>artnet News</i>. 8 January 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151024152516/https://news.artnet.com/art-world/how-tania-brugueras-whisper-became-the-performance-heard-round-the-world-213637">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-10-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=artnet+News&rft.atitle=Tania+Bruguera%27s+2014+Whisper+Performance+%E2%80%93+artnet+News&rft.date=2015-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.artnet.com%2Fart-world%2Fhow-tania-brugueras-whisper-became-the-performance-heard-round-the-world-213637&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.art-agenda.com/reviews/tania-bruguera%25E2%2580%2599s-tatlin%25E2%2580%2599s-whisper-6-and-the-hannah-arendt-international-institute-for-artivism/">"Tania Bruguera's Tatlin's Whisper #6 and the Hannah Arendt International Institute for Artivism | Art Agenda"</a>. <i>www.art-agenda.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160124122723/http://www.art-agenda.com/reviews/tania-bruguera%E2%80%99s-tatlin%E2%80%99s-whisper-6-and-the-hannah-arendt-international-institute-for-artivism/">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-01-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.art-agenda.com&rft.atitle=Tania+Bruguera%27s+Tatlin%27s+Whisper+%236+and+the+Hannah+Arendt+International+Institute+for+Artivism+%7C+Art+Agenda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.art-agenda.com%2Freviews%2Ftania-bruguera%2525E2%252580%252599s-tatlin%2525E2%252580%252599s-whisper-6-and-the-hannah-arendt-international-institute-for-artivism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoby2015" class="citation news cs1">Hoby, Hermione (2015-10-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/oct/13/frieze-tania-bruguera-artist-cuba-torture-interview">"Tania Bruguera: the more the secret police torture me, the better my art gets"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303042222/http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/oct/13/frieze-tania-bruguera-artist-cuba-torture-interview">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Tania+Bruguera%3A+the+more+the+secret+police+torture+me%2C+the+better+my+art+gets&rft.date=2015-10-13&rft.aulast=Hoby&rft.aufirst=Hermione&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2F2015%2Foct%2F13%2Ffrieze-tania-bruguera-artist-cuba-torture-interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1xlV4yidM7UvgdkTrgCtXS29SY35R2k4mhvfZgLYFLqk/viewform">"Libertad a Tania Bruguera / Free Tania Bruguera"</a>. <i>Google Docs</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160207205225/https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1xlV4yidM7UvgdkTrgCtXS29SY35R2k4mhvfZgLYFLqk/viewform">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-02-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Docs&rft.atitle=Libertad+a+Tania+Bruguera+%2F+Free+Tania+Bruguera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.com%2Fforms%2Fd%2F1xlV4yidM7UvgdkTrgCtXS29SY35R2k4mhvfZgLYFLqk%2Fviewform&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artreview.com/news/news_13_july_2015_brugueras_passport_returned/">"Cuban authorities return Tania Bruguera's passport but a further arrest and release ensues / Art Review"</a>. <i>artreview.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160309200325/http://artreview.com/news/news_13_july_2015_brugueras_passport_returned/">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=artreview.com&rft.atitle=Cuban+authorities+return+Tania+Bruguera%27s+passport+but+a+further+arrest+and+release+ensues+%2F+Art+Review&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fartreview.com%2Fnews%2Fnews_13_july_2015_brugueras_passport_returned%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160501202035/http://www.wmagazine.com/culture/art-and-design/2015/12/tania-bruguera-cuban-artist/photos">"Cuban Artist Tania Bruguera Speaks the Truth"</a>. <i>W Magazine</i>. 2015-12-02. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wmagazine.com/culture/art-and-design/2015/12/tania-bruguera-cuban-artist/photos/">the original</a> on 2016-05-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-12-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=W+Magazine&rft.atitle=Cuban+Artist+Tania+Bruguera+Speaks+the+Truth&rft.date=2015-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wmagazine.com%2Fculture%2Fart-and-design%2F2015%2F12%2Ftania-bruguera-cuban-artist%2Fphotos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ybca.org/whats-on/tania-bruguera">"YBCA: Talking to Power/Hablandole al Poder"</a>. <i>YBCA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170923095900/https://www.ybca.org/whats-on/tania-bruguera">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YBCA&rft.atitle=YBCA%3A+Talking+to+Power%2FHablandole+al+Poder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ybca.org%2Fwhats-on%2Ftania-bruguera&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Debra N. Mancoff: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hannah-Arendt-Institute-of-Artivism">Hannah Arendt Institute of Artivism - Cuban organization</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220923103251/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hannah-Arendt-Institute-of-Artivism">Archived</a> 2022-09-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2022. In: britannica.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJones2016" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Jonathan (17 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/jonathanjonesblog/2016/oct/17/tania-bruguera-cuba-president">"Why we should back Tania Bruguera's presidential bid for a free Cuba"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201045048/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/jonathanjonesblog/2016/oct/17/tania-bruguera-cuba-president">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Why+we+should+back+Tania+Bruguera%27s+presidential+bid+for+a+free+Cuba&rft.date=2016-10-17&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2Fjonathanjonesblog%2F2016%2Foct%2F17%2Ftania-bruguera-cuba-president&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBasciano2018" class="citation news cs1">Basciano, Oliver (December 6, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/dec/06/cuba-artists-tania-bruguera-arrest-crackdown-decree-349">"Cuban artists fear crackdown after Tania Bruguera arrest"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181207005412/https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/dec/06/cuba-artists-tania-bruguera-arrest-crackdown-decree-349">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Cuban+artists+fear+crackdown+after+Tania+Bruguera+arrest&rft.date=2018-12-06&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Basciano&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2F2018%2Fdec%2F06%2Fcuba-artists-tania-bruguera-arrest-crackdown-decree-349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPes2018" class="citation web cs1">Pes, Javier (December 5, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.artnet.com/art-world/support-grows-activist-artist-tania-bruguera-detention-cuban-authorities-1411030">"Fears Grow for Tania Bruguera After Cuban Authorities Detain the Activist-Artist"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Artnet_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Artnet News">Artnet News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181205184537/https://news.artnet.com/art-world/support-grows-activist-artist-tania-bruguera-detention-cuban-authorities-1411030">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Artnet+News&rft.atitle=Fears+Grow+for+Tania+Bruguera+After+Cuban+Authorities+Detain+the+Activist-Artist&rft.date=2018-12-05&rft.aulast=Pes&rft.aufirst=Javier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.artnet.com%2Fart-world%2Fsupport-grows-activist-artist-tania-bruguera-detention-cuban-authorities-1411030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNeuendorf2018" class="citation web cs1">Neuendorf, Henri (2018-12-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.artnet.com/art-world/tania-bruguera-released-1415578">"Released From Jail, Artist Tania Bruguera Vows to Remain in Cuba to Continue Her Fight Against a New Censorship Law"</a>. <i>artnet News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416200440/https://news.artnet.com/art-world/tania-bruguera-released-1415578">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-04-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=artnet+News&rft.atitle=Released+From+Jail%2C+Artist+Tania+Bruguera+Vows+to+Remain+in+Cuba+to+Continue+Her+Fight+Against+a+New+Censorship+Law&rft.date=2018-12-10&rft.aulast=Neuendorf&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.artnet.com%2Fart-world%2Ftania-bruguera-released-1415578&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theartnewspaper.com/news/tania-bruguera-and-other-cuban-artists-released-from-jail-as-new-censorship-law-hits-the-buffers">"Tania Bruguera and fellow artists released from Cuban jail"</a>. <i>theartnewspaper.com</i>. 7 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190228122648/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/tania-bruguera-and-other-cuban-artists-released-from-jail-as-new-censorship-law-hits-the-buffers">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-02-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theartnewspaper.com&rft.atitle=Tania+Bruguera+and+fellow+artists+released+from+Cuban+jail&rft.date=2018-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheartnewspaper.com%2Fnews%2Ftania-bruguera-and-other-cuban-artists-released-from-jail-as-new-censorship-law-hits-the-buffers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarris2020" class="citation web cs1">Harris, Gareth (7 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/tania-bruguera-under-house-arrest-in-cuba-as-anti-government-protests-escalate">"Tania Bruguera under house arrest in Cuba as anti-government protests escalate"</a>. <i>The Art Newspaper</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210928100956/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/tania-bruguera-under-house-arrest-in-cuba-as-anti-government-protests-escalate">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Art+Newspaper&rft.atitle=Tania+Bruguera+under+house+arrest+in+Cuba+as+anti-government+protests+escalate&rft.date=2020-12-07&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Gareth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theartnewspaper.com%2Fnews%2Ftania-bruguera-under-house-arrest-in-cuba-as-anti-government-protests-escalate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKinsella2018" class="citation web cs1">Kinsella, Eileen (2018-12-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.artnet.com/art-world/tania-brugera-files-unprecedented-defamation-suit-cuba-1423939">"Freshly Out of Jail, Artist Tania Bruguera Files a Defamation Lawsuit Against Cuba"</a>. <i>artnet News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190428180734/https://news.artnet.com/art-world/tania-brugera-files-unprecedented-defamation-suit-cuba-1423939">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-04-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=artnet+News&rft.atitle=Freshly+Out+of+Jail%2C+Artist+Tania+Bruguera+Files+a+Defamation+Lawsuit+Against+Cuba&rft.date=2018-12-18&rft.aulast=Kinsella&rft.aufirst=Eileen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.artnet.com%2Fart-world%2Ftania-brugera-files-unprecedented-defamation-suit-cuba-1423939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CiberCuba-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CiberCuba_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCiberCuba2020" class="citation web cs1">CiberCuba (October 18, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cibercuba.com/noticias/2020-10-18-u1-e20037-s27061-tania-bruguera-denuncia-malestares-fisicos-sonido-parecido-al">"Tania Bruguera denuncia malestares físicos y un sonido parecido al de un grillo electrónico en su casa"</a>. <i>CiberCuba</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021171403/https://www.cibercuba.com/noticias/2020-10-18-u1-e20037-s27061-tania-bruguera-denuncia-malestares-fisicos-sonido-parecido-al">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CiberCuba&rft.atitle=Tania+Bruguera+denuncia+malestares+f%C3%ADsicos+y+un+sonido+parecido+al+de+un+grillo+electr%C3%B3nico+en+su+casa&rft.date=2020-10-18&rft.au=CiberCuba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cibercuba.com%2Fnoticias%2F2020-10-18-u1-e20037-s27061-tania-bruguera-denuncia-malestares-fisicos-sonido-parecido-al&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATania+Bruguera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tania_Bruguera&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Art21 episode featuring Tania Bruguera <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://art21.org/artist/tania-bruguera/">https://art21.org/artist/tania-bruguera/</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/magazine/articles/22">Dignity Does Not Rest: An Interview with Tania Bruguera, MoMA Magazine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/3898?locale=en">Tania Bruguera, Untitled (Havana 2000) at The Museum of Modern Art</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/audio/playlist/47">Hear Bruguera speak about her work Untitled (Havana 2000)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taniabruguera.com/">Official webpage of the artist</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bombmagazine.org/article/10071/tania-bruguera">Interview with Paul O'neil in Bomb Magazine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150607153816/http://bombmagazine.org/article/10071/tania-bruguera">Archived</a> 2015-06-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/oct/13/frieze-tania-bruguera-artist-cuba-torture-interview">Tania Bruguera: the more the secret police torture me, the better my art gets, The Guardian</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldfellows.yale.edu/tania-bruguera">Tania Bruguera: Yale World Follows</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wmagazine.com/culture/art-and-design/2015/12/tania-bruguera-cuban-artist/photos/">Tania Bruguera: Rebel with a Cause</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160501202035/http://www.wmagazine.com/culture/art-and-design/2015/12/tania-bruguera-cuban-artist/photos">Archived</a> 2016-05-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q547372#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2065" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q547372#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2065" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q547372#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000358618826">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/207402042">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1567935/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvhtTtby8yRt3Q44C6Myd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/123785790">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2001095319">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb155338546">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb155338546">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p394930576">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/1483107589973">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000300914&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007369834605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500116344">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/410107">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/48122">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/123785790">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/136163033">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w66b1g8w">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tania_Bruguera&oldid=1278047713">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tania_Bruguera&oldid=1278047713</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1968_births" title="Category:1968 births">1968 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Cuban_women_artists" title="Category:20th-century Cuban women artists">20th-century Cuban women artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_Cuban_women_artists" title="Category:21st-century Cuban women artists">21st-century Cuban women artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Artists_from_Havana" title="Category:Artists from Havana">Artists from Havana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cuban_contemporary_artists" title="Category:Cuban contemporary artists">Cuban contemporary artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Instituto_Superior_de_Arte_alumni" title="Category:Instituto Superior de Arte alumni">Instituto Superior de Arte alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:School_of_the_Art_Institute_of_Chicago_alumni" title="Category:School of the Art Institute of Chicago alumni">School of the Art Institute of Chicago alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women_installation_artists" title="Category:Women installation artists">Women installation artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women_performance_artists" title="Category:Women performance artists">Women performance artists</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_February_2025" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from February 2025">Articles with dead external links from February 2025</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 February 2025, at 05:14<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tania_Bruguera&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tania Bruguera</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>17 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6f4665dc79-q87nk","wgBackendResponseTime":146,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.557","walltime":"0.670","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4692,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":123605,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3201,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":200284,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 600.328 1 -total"," 53.28% 319.830 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.97% 131.899 39 Template:Cite_web"," 21.84% 131.110 1 Template:Infobox_artist"," 13.17% 79.039 5 Template:Cite_book"," 10.92% 65.573 1 Template:Short_description"," 10.42% 62.546 1 Template:Authority_control"," 5.92% 35.557 2 Template:Pagetype"," 5.30% 31.810 22 Template:Main_other"," 5.02% 30.141 1 Template:Birth_year_and_age"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.376","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8182582,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7b4fff7949-djqts","timestamp":"20250326171859","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Tania Bruguera","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tania_Bruguera","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q547372","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q547372","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-11-09T23:59:24Z","dateModified":"2025-02-28T05:14:13Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/32\/Tania_bruguera.jpg","headline":"Cuban installation and performance artist"}</script> </body> </html>