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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>By humans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_non-human_animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_non-human_animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>By non-human animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_non-human_animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B2" title="Морски охлюв – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Морски охлюв" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caragols_de_mar" title="Caragols de mar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Caragols de mar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meeresschnecke" title="Meeresschnecke – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Meeresschnecke" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caracola" title="Caracola – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Caracola" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="حلزون دریایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حلزون دریایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escargot_de_mer" title="Escargot de mer – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Escargot de mer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siput_laut" title="Siput laut – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Siput laut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A8" title="ಸಮುದ್ರ ಬಸವನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಮುದ್ರ ಬಸವನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B2i-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86" title="Lòi-sṳ̆ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lòi-sṳ̆" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivili" title="Vivili – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vivili" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%B2%9D" title="海貝 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="海貝" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BAzio" title="Búzio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Búzio" data-language-autonym="Português" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Common name for snails that normally live in saltwater</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about shelled gastropods that live in salt water. For the fish which are also sometimes known as "snails", see <a href="/wiki/Snailfish" title="Snailfish">Snailfish</a>.</div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Epitonium_billeeanum_(Wentletrap).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Epitonium_billeeanum_%28Wentletrap%29.jpg/280px-Epitonium_billeeanum_%28Wentletrap%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Epitonium_billeeanum_%28Wentletrap%29.jpg/420px-Epitonium_billeeanum_%28Wentletrap%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Epitonium_billeeanum_%28Wentletrap%29.jpg/560px-Epitonium_billeeanum_%28Wentletrap%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>A species of sea snail in its natural habitat: two individuals of the <a href="/wiki/Wentletrap" title="Wentletrap">wentletrap</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Epidendrium_billeeanum" title="Epidendrium billeeanum">Epidendrium billeeanum</a></i> with a mass of egg capsules <i>in situ</i> on their food source, a red cup <a href="/wiki/Coral" title="Coral">coral</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Euthria_cornea_in_deposizione.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Euthria_cornea_in_deposizione.jpg/280px-Euthria_cornea_in_deposizione.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Euthria_cornea_in_deposizione.jpg/420px-Euthria_cornea_in_deposizione.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Euthria_cornea_in_deposizione.jpg/560px-Euthria_cornea_in_deposizione.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6735" data-file-height="4495" /></a><figcaption>A sea snail <i>Euthria cornea</i> laying eggs</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sea snails</b> are slow-moving <a href="/wiki/Marine_(ocean)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine (ocean)">marine</a> <a href="/wiki/Gastropod" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastropod">gastropod</a> <a href="/wiki/Mollusca" title="Mollusca">molluscs</a>, usually with visible external shells, such as <a href="/wiki/Whelk" title="Whelk">whelk</a> or <a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">abalone</a>. They share the <a href="/wiki/Taxonomic_classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxonomic classification">taxonomic class</a> <a href="/wiki/Gastropoda" title="Gastropoda">Gastropoda</a> with <a href="/wiki/Slugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Slugs">slugs</a>, which are distinguished from <a href="/wiki/Snails" class="mw-redirect" title="Snails">snails</a> primarily by the absence of a visible <a href="/wiki/Gastropod_shell" title="Gastropod shell">shell</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sea_snail&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Determining whether some gastropods should be called sea snails is not always easy. Some species that live in <a href="/wiki/Brackish_water" title="Brackish water">brackish water</a> (such as certain <a href="/wiki/Neritidae" title="Neritidae">neritids</a>) can be listed as either <a href="/wiki/Freshwater_snails" class="mw-redirect" title="Freshwater snails">freshwater snails</a> or marine snails, and some species that live at or just above the <a href="/wiki/High_tide" class="mw-redirect" title="High tide">high tide</a> level (for example, species in the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Truncatella_(gastropod)" title="Truncatella (gastropod)">Truncatella</a></i>) are sometimes considered to be sea snails and sometimes listed as <a href="/wiki/Land_snails" class="mw-redirect" title="Land snails">land snails</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anatomy">Anatomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sea_snail&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Anatomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sea snails are a very large and diverse group of animals. Most snails that live in <a href="/wiki/Salt_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt water">salt water</a> respire using a <a href="/wiki/Gill" title="Gill">gill</a> or gills; a few species, though, have a lung, are <a href="/wiki/Intertidal" class="mw-redirect" title="Intertidal">intertidal</a>, and are active only at low tide when they can move around in the air. These air-breathing species include false limpets in the family <a href="/wiki/Siphonariidae" title="Siphonariidae">Siphonariidae</a> and another group of false limpets in the family <a href="/wiki/Trimusculidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Trimusculidae">Trimusculidae</a>. </p><p>Many, but not all, sea snails have an <a href="/wiki/Operculum_(gastropod)" title="Operculum (gastropod)">operculum</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shell">Shell</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sea_snail&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Shell"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The shells of most species of sea snails are spirally coiled. Some, though, have conical shells, and these are often referred to by the common name of <a href="/wiki/Limpet" title="Limpet">limpets</a>. In one unusual family (<a href="/wiki/Juliidae" title="Juliidae">Juliidae</a>), the shell of the snail has become two hinged plates closely resembling those of a <a href="/wiki/Bivalve" class="mw-redirect" title="Bivalve">bivalve</a>; this family is sometimes called the "bivalved gastropods". </p><p>Their shells are found in a variety of shapes and sizes, but are normally very small. Those living species of sea snails range in size from <i><a href="/wiki/Syrinx_aruanus" title="Syrinx aruanus">Syrinx aruanus</a></i>, the largest living shelled gastropod species at 91 cm (36 in), to minute species whose shells are less than 1 mm at adult size. Because the shells of sea snails are strong and durable in many cases, as a group they are well represented in the <a href="/wiki/Fossil_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil record">fossil record</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gastropod_shell" title="Gastropod shell">shells of snails</a> are complex and grow at different speeds. The speed of growth is affected by a few variables such as the temperature of the water, depth of the water, food present for the snail, as well as isotopic oxygen levels. By looking at the composition of <a href="/wiki/Aragonite" title="Aragonite">aragonite</a> in the growth layers of <a href="/wiki/Mollusks" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusks">mollusks</a> you can predict the size the mollusk shell can reach.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sea_snail&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Syrinx_aruanus_shell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Syrinx_aruanus_shell.jpg/220px-Syrinx_aruanus_shell.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Syrinx_aruanus_shell.jpg/330px-Syrinx_aruanus_shell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Syrinx_aruanus_shell.jpg/440px-Syrinx_aruanus_shell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="914" data-file-height="1279" /></a><figcaption>The shell of <i><a href="/wiki/Syrinx_aruanus" title="Syrinx aruanus">Syrinx aruanus</a></i> can be up to 91 cm long.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/SeaSnails.ogv/220px--SeaSnails.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="51" data-mwtitle="SeaSnails.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:SeaSnails.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/SeaSnails.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="384" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/SeaSnails.ogv/SeaSnails.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="384" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/SeaSnails.ogv/SeaSnails.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption>A 50-second video of snails (most likely <i><a href="/wiki/Natica_chemnitzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Natica chemnitzi">Natica chemnitzi</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Cerithium" title="Cerithium">Cerithium</a> stercusmuscaram</i>) feeding on the sea floor in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_California" title="Gulf of California">Gulf of California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Pe%C3%B1asco" title="Puerto Peñasco">Puerto Peñasco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Acanthina_punctulata.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Acanthina_punctulata.jpg/220px-Acanthina_punctulata.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Acanthina_punctulata.jpg/330px-Acanthina_punctulata.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Acanthina_punctulata.jpg/440px-Acanthina_punctulata.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1068" data-file-height="1455" /></a><figcaption> A <a href="/wiki/Hermit_crab" title="Hermit crab">hermit crab</a> occupying a shell of <i><a href="/wiki/Acanthina_punctulata" class="mw-redirect" title="Acanthina punctulata">Acanthina punctulata</a></i> has been disturbed, and has retracted into the shell, using its claws to bar the entrance in the same way the snail used its <a href="/wiki/Operculum_(gastropod)" title="Operculum (gastropod)">operculum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2005_taxonomy">2005 taxonomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sea_snail&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2005 taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Cladogram" title="Cladogram">cladogram</a> is an overview of the main clades of living gastropods based on the <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_the_Gastropoda_(Bouchet_%26_Rocroi,_2005)" title="Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)">taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi</a> (2005),<sup id="cite_ref-Bouchet_2005_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bouchet_2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with taxa that contain saltwater or brackish water species marked in <b><a href="/wiki/Boldface" class="mw-redirect" title="Boldface">boldface</a></b> (some of the highlighted taxa consist entirely of marine species, but some of them also contain freshwater or land species.) </p> <ul><li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Patellogastropoda" title="Patellogastropoda">Patellogastropoda</a></b></li> <li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Vetigastropoda" title="Vetigastropoda">Vetigastropoda</a></b></li> <li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Cocculiniformia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocculiniformia">Cocculiniformia</a></b></li> <li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Neritimorpha" title="Neritimorpha">Neritimorpha</a></b> <ul><li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Cycloneritimorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycloneritimorpha">Cycloneritimorpha</a></b></li></ul></li> <li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Caenogastropoda" title="Caenogastropoda">Caenogastropoda</a></b> <ul><li>Informal group <b><a href="/wiki/Architaenioglossa" title="Architaenioglossa">Architaenioglossa</a></b></li> <li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Sorbeoconcha" title="Sorbeoconcha">Sorbeoconcha</a></b></li> <li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Hypsogastropoda" title="Hypsogastropoda">Hypsogastropoda</a></b> <ul><li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Littorinimorpha" title="Littorinimorpha">Littorinimorpha</a></b></li> <li>Informal group <b><a href="/wiki/Ptenoglossa" title="Ptenoglossa">Ptenoglossa</a></b></li> <li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Neogastropoda" title="Neogastropoda">Neogastropoda</a></b></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Heterobranchia" title="Heterobranchia">Heterobranchia</a></b> <ul><li>Informal group <b><a href="/wiki/Lower_Heterobranchia" title="Lower Heterobranchia">Lower Heterobranchia</a></b></li> <li>Informal group <b><a href="/wiki/Opisthobranchia" title="Opisthobranchia">Opisthobranchia</a></b> <ul><li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Cephalaspidea" title="Cephalaspidea">Cephalaspidea</a></b></li> <li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Thecosomata" class="mw-redirect" title="Thecosomata">Thecosomata</a></b></li> <li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Gymnosomata" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymnosomata">Gymnosomata</a></b></li> <li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Aplysiomorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Aplysiomorpha">Aplysiomorpha</a></b></li> <li>Group <b><a href="/wiki/Acochlidiacea" title="Acochlidiacea">Acochlidiacea</a></b></li> <li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Sacoglossa" title="Sacoglossa">Sacoglossa</a></b></li> <li>Group <b><a href="/wiki/Cylindrobullida" class="mw-redirect" title="Cylindrobullida">Cylindrobullida</a></b></li> <li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Umbraculida" class="mw-redirect" title="Umbraculida">Umbraculida</a></b></li> <li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Nudipleura" title="Nudipleura">Nudipleura</a></b> <ul><li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Pleurobranchomorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleurobranchomorpha">Pleurobranchomorpha</a></b></li> <li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Nudibranchia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nudibranchia">Nudibranchia</a></b> <ul><li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Euctenidiacea" class="mw-redirect" title="Euctenidiacea">Euctenidiacea</a></b></li> <li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Dexiarchia" title="Dexiarchia">Dexiarchia</a></b> <ul><li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Pseudoeuctenidiacea" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoeuctenidiacea">Pseudoeuctenidiacea</a></b></li> <li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Cladobranchia" title="Cladobranchia">Cladobranchia</a></b> <ul><li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Euarminida" class="mw-redirect" title="Euarminida">Euarminida</a></b></li> <li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Dendronotida" class="mw-redirect" title="Dendronotida">Dendronotida</a></b></li> <li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Aeolidida" title="Aeolidida">Aeolidida</a></b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Informal group <a href="/wiki/Pulmonata" title="Pulmonata">Pulmonata</a> <ul><li>Informal group <a href="/wiki/Basommatophora" title="Basommatophora">Basommatophora</a></li> <li>Clade <a href="/wiki/Eupulmonata" title="Eupulmonata">Eupulmonata</a> <ul><li>Clade <b><a href="/wiki/Systellommatophora" title="Systellommatophora">Systellommatophora</a></b></li> <li>Clade <a href="/wiki/Stylommatophora" title="Stylommatophora">Stylommatophora</a> <ul><li>Clade <a href="/wiki/Elasmognatha" title="Elasmognatha">Elasmognatha</a></li> <li>Clade <a href="/wiki/Orthurethra" title="Orthurethra">Orthurethra</a></li> <li>Informal group <a href="/wiki/Sigmurethra" title="Sigmurethra">Sigmurethra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sea_snail&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_humans">By humans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sea_snail&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: By humans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of species of sea snails are harvested in <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a> and used by humans for food, including <a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">abalone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conch" title="Conch">conch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limpet" title="Limpet">limpets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whelk" title="Whelk">whelks</a> (such as the North American <i><a href="/wiki/Busycon" title="Busycon">Busycon</a></i> species and the North Atlantic <i><a href="/wiki/Buccinum_undatum" title="Buccinum undatum">Buccinum undatum</a></i>) and <a href="/wiki/Periwinkle_(gastropod)" class="mw-redirect" title="Periwinkle (gastropod)">periwinkles</a> including <i><a href="/wiki/Littorina_littorea" class="mw-redirect" title="Littorina littorea">Littorina littorea</a></i>. </p><p>The shells of sea snails are often found washed up on <a href="/wiki/Beach" title="Beach">beaches</a>. Because many are attractive and durable, they have been used to make necklaces and other <a href="/wiki/Shell_jewelry" title="Shell jewelry">jewelry</a> since prehistoric times. </p><p>The shells of a few species of large sea snails within the <a href="/wiki/Vetigastropoda" title="Vetigastropoda">Vetigastropoda</a> have a thick layer of <a href="/wiki/Nacre" title="Nacre">nacre</a> and have been used as a source of <a href="/wiki/Mother_of_pearl" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother of pearl">mother of pearl</a>. Historically, the <a href="/wiki/Button" title="Button">button</a> industry relied on these species for a number of years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_non-human_animals">By non-human animals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sea_snail&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: By non-human animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The shells of sea snails are used for protection by many kinds of <a href="/wiki/Hermit_crab" title="Hermit crab">hermit crabs</a>. A hermit crab carries the shell by grasping the central <a href="/wiki/Columella_(gastropod)" title="Columella (gastropod)">columella</a> of the shell using claspers on the tip of its abdomen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sea_snail&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_snail" title="Freshwater snail">Freshwater snail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_molluscs" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrestrial molluscs">Terrestrial molluscs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_snail" title="Land snail">Land snail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_slug" title="Sea slug">Sea slug</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sea_snail&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRoyWangJiang2019" class="citation journal cs1">Roy, Rupsa; Wang, Yang; Jiang, Shijun (2019). "Growth pattern and oxygen isotopic systematics of modern freshwater mollusks along an elevation transect: Implications for paleoclimate reconstruction". <i>Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology</i>. <b>532</b>: 109243. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019PPP...53209243R">2019PPP...53209243R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.palaeo.2019.109243">10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109243</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:198421960">198421960</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palaeogeography%2C+Palaeoclimatology%2C+Palaeoecology&rft.atitle=Growth+pattern+and+oxygen+isotopic+systematics+of+modern+freshwater+mollusks+along+an+elevation+transect%3A+Implications+for+paleoclimate+reconstruction&rft.volume=532&rft.pages=109243&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A198421960%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.palaeo.2019.109243&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019PPP...53209243R&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Rupsa&rft.au=Wang%2C+Yang&rft.au=Jiang%2C+Shijun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASea+snail" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bouchet_2005-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bouchet_2005_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBouchetRocroiFrýdaHausdorf2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Bouchet" title="Philippe Bouchet">Bouchet, Philippe</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Rocroi" title="Jean-Pierre Rocroi">Rocroi, Jean-Pierre</a>; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; <a href="/wiki/Winston_Ponder" title="Winston Ponder">Ponder, Winston</a>; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "<a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_the_Gastropoda_(Bouchet_%26_Rocroi,_2005)" title="Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)">Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Malacologia" title="Malacologia">Malacologia</a></i>. <b>47</b> (1–2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1–397. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-925919-72-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-925919-72-4"><bdi>3-925919-72-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0076-2997">0076-2997</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Malacologia&rft.atitle=Classification+and+nomenclator+of+gastropod+families&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=1-397&rft.date=2005&rft.issn=0076-2997&rft.isbn=3-925919-72-4&rft.aulast=Bouchet&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft.au=Rocroi%2C+Jean-Pierre&rft.au=Fr%C3%BDda%2C+Jiri&rft.au=Hausdorf%2C+Bernard&rft.au=Ponder%2C+Winston&rft.au=Vald%C3%A9s%2C+%C3%81ngel&rft.au=War%C3%A9n%2C+Anders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASea+snail" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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