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</div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sitio"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Conteníu" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Conteníu</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover a la barra llateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">despintar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Entamu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Distribución_xeográfica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribución_xeográfica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Distribución xeográfica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribución_xeográfica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aspeutos_históricos,_sociales_y_culturales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aspeutos_históricos,_sociales_y_culturales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Aspeutos históricos, sociales y culturales</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aspeutos_históricos,_sociales_y_culturales-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar subsección Aspeutos históricos, sociales y culturales</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aspeutos_históricos,_sociales_y_culturales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lliteratura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lliteratura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Lliteratura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lliteratura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialeutos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialeutos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Dialeutos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialeutos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influencia_d'otres_llingües" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influencia_d'otres_llingües"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Influencia d'otres llingües</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influencia_d'otres_llingües-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alfabetu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alfabetu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Alfabetu</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Alfabetu-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar subsección Alfabetu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Alfabetu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historia_del_alfabetu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia_del_alfabetu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Historia del alfabetu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia_del_alfabetu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Descripción_llingüística" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descripción_llingüística"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Descripción llingüística</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Descripción_llingüística-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar subsección Descripción llingüística</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Descripción_llingüística-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Clasificación" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clasificación"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Clasificación</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clasificación-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fonoloxía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonoloxía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Fonoloxía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonoloxía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gramática" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gramática"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Gramática</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gramática-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocabulariu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocabulariu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Vocabulariu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocabulariu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Espresiones_útiles_en_xeorxanu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Espresiones_útiles_en_xeorxanu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Espresiones útiles en xeorxanu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Espresiones_útiles_en_xeorxanu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ver_tamién" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ver_tamién"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ver tamién</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ver_tamién-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referencies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referencies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar subsección Referencies</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Referencies_en_testu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencies_en_testu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Referencies en testu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencies_en_testu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencies_xenerales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencies_xenerales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Referencies xenerales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencies_xenerales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaces_esternos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaces_esternos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Enllaces esternos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaces_esternos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteníu" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Idioma xeorxanu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 146 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-146" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">146 llingües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%AD%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Ақырҭуа бызшәа – abkhazianu" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ақырҭуа бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhazianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Хъырцыбзэ – adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Хъырцыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgies" title="Georgies – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Georgies" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgische_Sprache" title="Georgische Sprache – alemán de Suiza" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Georgische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemán de Suiza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%82%E1%8B%AE%E1%88%AD%E1%8C%85%E1%8A%9B" title="ጂዮርጅኛ – amháricu" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጂዮርጅኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amháricu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_cheorchiano" title="Idioma cheorchiano – aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma cheorchiano" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Georgisc sprǣc – inglés antiguu" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Georgisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="inglés antiguu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الجورجية – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الجورجية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%93%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%93%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܓܘܪܓܝܐ – araméu" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܓܘܪܓܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="araméu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%89" title="لغه چورچى – árabe d’Exiptu" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه چورچى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="árabe d’Exiptu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="Гуржи мацӀ – aváricu" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Гуржи мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="aváricu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCrc%C3%BC_dili" title="Gürcü dili – azerbaixanu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gürcü dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaixanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="گورجو دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="گورجو دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Грузин теле – bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Грузин теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groz%C4%97nu_kalba" title="Grozėnu kalba – samogitianu" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Grozėnu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Грузінская мова – bielorrusu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грузінская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Грузінская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Грузінская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Грузински език – búlgaru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Грузински език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="जॉर्जियन भासा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जॉर्जियन भासा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="জর্জীয় ভাষা – bengalín" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জর্জীয় ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorjieg" title="Jorjieg – bretón" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jorjieg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruzijski_jezik" title="Gruzijski jezik – bosniu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gruzijski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Гүржи хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Гүржи хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgi%C3%A0" title="Georgià – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Georgià" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruzia-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Gruzia-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gruzia-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Гуьржийн мотт – chechenu" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гуьржийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechenu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongang_Heyorhiyano" title="Pinulongang Heyorhiyano – cebuanu" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinulongang Heyorhiyano" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="زمانی گورجی – kurdu central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی گورجی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdu central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCrci_tili" title="Gürci tili – turcu de Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Gürci tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turcu de Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruz%C3%ADn%C5%A1tina" title="Gruzínština – checu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gruzínština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D1%94%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%EA%99%97%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Ивєрский ꙗꙁꙑкъ – eslávicu eclesiásticu" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Ивєрский ꙗꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="eslávicu eclesiásticu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Грузин чĕлхи – chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Грузин чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgeg" title="Georgeg – galés" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Georgeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgisk_(sprog)" title="Georgisk (sprog) – danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Georgisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgische_Sprache" title="Georgische Sprache – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Georgische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurciki" title="Gurciki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Gurciki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Γεωργιανή γλώσσα – griegu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γεωργιανή γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="griegu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Georgian language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartvela_lingvo" title="Kartvela lingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kartvela lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_georgiano" title="Idioma georgiano – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma georgiano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruusia_keel" title="Gruusia keel – estoniu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gruusia keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgiera" title="Georgiera – vascu" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Georgiera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="vascu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="زبان گرجی – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان گرجی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_kieli" title="Georgian kieli – finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Georgian kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgiskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Georgiskt mál – feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Georgiskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9orgien" title="Géorgien – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Géorgien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgisk_Spriik" title="Georgisk Spriik – frisón del norte" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Georgisk Spriik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisón del norte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgysk" title="Georgysk – frisón occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Georgysk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisón occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSeoirsis" title="An tSeoirsis – irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSeoirsis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruz_dili" title="Gruz dili – gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Gruz dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_xeorxiana" title="Lingua xeorxiana – gallegu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua xeorxiana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallegu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorshish" title="Shorshish – manés" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Shorshish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaren_Jojiya" title="Yaren Jojiya – ḥausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yaren Jojiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="ḥausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruzia-ng%C3%AE" title="Gruzia-ngî – chinu hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Gruzia-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chinu hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%AA" title="גאורגית – hebréu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גאורגית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebréu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जॉर्जियाई भाषा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जॉर्जियाई भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_bhasa" title="Georgian bhasa – hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Georgian bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruzijski_jezik" title="Gruzijski jezik – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gruzijski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgi%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Georgišćina – altu sorbiu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Georgišćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="altu sorbiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BAz_nyelv" title="Grúz nyelv – húngaru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Grúz nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Վրացերեն – armeniu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վրացերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Վրացերէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Վրացերէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Georgia" title="Bahasa Georgia – indonesiu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Georgia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Georgiano" title="Pagsasao a Georgiano – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Georgiano" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruziana_linguo" title="Gruziana linguo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gruziana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg%C3%ADska" title="Georgíska – islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Georgíska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_georgiana" title="Lingua georgiana – italianu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua georgiana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="グルジア語 – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グルジア語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_G%C3%A9orgia" title="Basa Géorgia – xavanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Géorgia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="xavanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ქართული ენა – xeorxanu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქართული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="xeorxanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D,%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Хъырцыбзэ,Курджыбзэ – kabardianu" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Хъырцыбзэ,Курджыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Georgia" title="Bahasa Georgia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Georgia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Грузин тілі – kazaquistanín" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Грузин тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaquistanín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಜಾರ್ಜಿಯನ್ ಭಾಷೆ – canarés" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಾರ್ಜಿಯನ್ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84%EC%96%B4" title="조지아어 – coreanu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조지아어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8E_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Гюрджю тил – karachay-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Гюрджю тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachay-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_gurc%C3%AE" title="Zimanê gurcî – curdu" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê gurcî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Грузин кыв – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Грузин кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Georgiana" title="Lingua Georgiana – llatín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Georgiana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Гуржи чӀал – lezghianu" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Гуржи чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartuli_(lingua)" title="Cartuli (lingua) – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cartuli (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgisch" title="Georgisch – limburgués" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Georgisch" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruzin%C5%B3_kalba" title="Gruzinų kalba – lituanu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gruzinų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruz%C4%ABnu_valoda" title="Gruzīnu valoda – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gruzīnu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Грузинонь кяль – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Грузинонь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_je%C3%B4rjiana" title="Fiteny jeôrjiana – malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny jeôrjiana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Грузин йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Грузин йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Грузиски јазик – macedoniu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Грузиски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ജോർജിയൻ ഭാഷ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജോർജിയൻ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B6_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Гүрж хэл – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гүрж хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯖꯤꯑꯣꯔꯖꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯖꯤꯑꯣꯔꯖꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जॉर्जियन भाषा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जॉर्जियन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Georgia" title="Bahasa Georgia – malayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Georgia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Грузинэнь кель – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Грузинэнь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="گرجی – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گرجی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgisch" title="Georgisch – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Georgisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgisk" title="Georgisk – noruegu Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Georgisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegu Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgisk" title="Georgisk – noruegu Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Georgisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegu Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian" title="Georgian – occitanu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Georgian" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Гуырдзиаг æвзаг – oséticu" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гуырдзиаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="oséticu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਜਾਰਜੀਆਈ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – punyabí" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਾਰਜੀਆਈ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punyabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salitan_Heorhiyano" title="Salitan Heorhiyano – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Salitan Heorhiyano" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_gruzi%C5%84ski" title="Język gruziński – polacu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język gruziński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_georgian-a" title="Lenga georgian-a – piamontés" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga georgian-a" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piamontés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="جارجیائی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جارجیائی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="ګورجي ژبه – pashtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګورجي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_georgiana" title="Língua georgiana – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua georgiana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartul_simi" title="Kartul simi – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kartul simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_georgian%C4%83" title="Limba georgiană – rumanu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba georgiană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Грузинский язык – rusu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грузинский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Ґрузіньскый язык – rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ґрузіньскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Грузин тыла – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Грузин тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_georgiana" title="Limba georgiana – sardu" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba georgiana" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgie_leid" title="Georgie leid – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Georgie leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruzijski_jezik" title="Gruzijski jezik – serbo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gruzijski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Georgian language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruz%C3%ADn%C4%8Dina" title="Gruzínčina – eslovacu" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gruzínčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovacu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruzin%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Gruzinščina – eslovenu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gruzinščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovenu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Siaosiana" title="Faʻa Siaosiana – samoanu" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Siaosiana" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_gjeorgjeze" title="Gjuha gjeorgjeze – albanu" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha gjeorgjeze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Грузијски језик – serbiu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Грузијски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgiska" title="Georgiska – suecu" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Georgiska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suecu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kigeorgia" title="Kigeorgia – suaḥili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kigeorgia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaḥili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruzi%C5%84sk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Gruzińskŏ gŏdka – silesianu" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Gruzińskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="சியார்சிய மொழி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சியார்சிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D2%B7%D3%A3" title="Забони гурҷӣ – taxiquistanín" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони гурҷӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taxiquistanín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ภาษาจอร์เจีย – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาจอร์เจีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Heorhiyano" title="Wikang Heorhiyano – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Heorhiyano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCrc%C3%BCce" title="Gürcüce – turcu" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gürcüce" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%97%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Гөрҗи теле – tártaru" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гөрҗи теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tártaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Грузин кыл – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Грузин кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%B2%D9%89%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="گرۇزىن تىلى – uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گرۇزىن تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Грузинська мова – ucraín" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Грузинська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جارجیائی زبان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جارجیائی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruzin_tili" title="Gruzin tili – uzbequistanín" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gruzin tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbequistanín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruzijan_kel%27" title="Gruzijan kel' – vepsiu" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Gruzijan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Gruzia" title="Tiếng Gruzia – vietnamín" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Gruzia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heorhyano" title="Heorhyano – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Heorhyano" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="格鲁吉亚语 – chinu wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="格鲁吉亚语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chinu wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ქორთული ნინა – mingrelianu" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქორთული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A9" title="גרוזיניש – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גרוזיניש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="格鲁吉亚语 – chinu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="格鲁吉亚语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="格魯吉亞語 – chinu lliterariu" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="格魯吉亞語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chinu lliterariu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruzia-g%C3%AD" title="Gruzia-gí – chinu min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gruzia-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chinu min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%87" title="格魯吉亞文 – cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="格魯吉亞文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8108#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar los enllaces d'interllingua" class="wbc-editpage">Editar los enllaces</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacios de nome"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Idioma_xeorxanu" title="Ver la páxina de conteníu [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Páxina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alderique:Idioma_xeorxanu&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Alderique tocante al conteníu de la páxina (la páxina nun esiste) [t]" 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id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Idioma_xeorxanu"><span>Lleer</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta páxina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&action=edit" title="Editar el códigu fonte d'esta páxina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar la fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&action=history" title="Versiones antigües d'esta páxina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramientes de 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equí</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:CambiosEnEnlazadas/Idioma_xeorxanu" rel="nofollow" title="Cambios recientes nes páxines enllazaes dende esta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Cambios rellacionaos</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ast" title="Xubir ficheros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Xubir ficheru</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginasEspeciales" title="Llista de toles páxines especiales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páxines especiales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&oldid=4285744" title="Enllaz permanente a esta revisión de la páxina"><span>Enllaz permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&action=info" title="Más información sobro esta páxina"><span>Información de 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alt="Esti artículu foi traducíu automáticamente y precisa revisase manualmente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robot_icon.svg/16px-Robot_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robot_icon.svg/24px-Robot_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robot_icon.svg/32px-Robot_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ast" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox_v2"> <tbody><tr> <th class="media" colspan="2" style="font-size:120%; background-color: #dddddd;"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Picto_infobox_comicballoon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Picto_infobox_comicballoon.png/40px-Picto_infobox_comicballoon.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Picto_infobox_comicballoon.png 1.5x" data-file-width="55" data-file-height="45" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <big>Xeorxanu</big> <br /><b> ქართული / <i>Kartuli</i> </b> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em;"><b>Faláu en</b> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Flag_of_Georgia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandera de Xeorxa"><img alt="Bandera de Xeorxa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Xeorxa" title="Xeorxa">Xeorxa</a> <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plant%C3%ADa:Xeodatos_Osetia_del_Sur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plantía:Xeodatos Osetia del Sur (la páxina nun esiste)">Plantía:Xeodatos Osetia del Sur</a> <br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Abkhasia" title="Abkhasia">Abkhasia</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandera de Rusia"><img alt="Bandera de Rusia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandera d'Azerbaixán"><img alt="Bandera d'Azerbaixán" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Azerbaix%C3%A1n" title="Azerbaixán">Azerbaixán</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Flag_of_Armenia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandera d'Armenia"><img alt="Bandera d'Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandera de Turquía"><img alt="Bandera de Turquía" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía">Turquía</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em;"><b>Rexón</b> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1ucasu" class="mw-redirect" title="Cáucasu">Cáucasu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em;"><b>Falantes</b> </td> <td>4 240 000<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Families_de_lling%C3%BCes" class="mw-redirect" title="Families de llingües">Familia</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_kartvelianes" title="Llingües kartvelianes">Llingües kartvelianes</a><br /> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lling%C3%BCes_Karto-Zan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llingües Karto-Zan (la páxina nun esiste)">Llingües Karto-Zan</a> <b>Xeorxanu</b> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Alfabetu" title="Alfabetu">Alfabetu</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Alfabetu_xeorxanu" title="Alfabetu xeorxanu">Alfabetu xeorxanu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: #dddddd; text-align:center;">Estatus oficial </th></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><b>Oficial en</b> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Flag_of_Georgia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandera de Xeorxa"><img alt="Bandera de Xeorxa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Xeorxa" title="Xeorxa">Xeorxa</a><br /> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plant%C3%ADa:Xeodatos_Osetia_del_Sur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plantía:Xeodatos Osetia del Sur (la páxina nun esiste)">Plantía:Xeodatos Osetia del Sur</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><b>Reguláu por</b></span> </td> <td><i>Nun ta reguláu</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: #dddddd; text-align:center;">Códigos </th></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em;"><b><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><code>ka</code> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructuregeo (B), kat (T)"> <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em;"><b><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></b></td> <td><code>geo (B), kat (T)</code> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructurekat"> <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em;"><b><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></b></td> <td><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/kat">kat</a></code> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 0.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Idioma_georgiano.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Idioma_georgiano.png/260px-Idioma_georgiano.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Idioma_georgiano.png 1.5x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="192" /></a></span><br /><small>Estensión del xeorxanu</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>El <b>xeorxanu</b> (xeorxanu: ქართული <i>Kartuli</i>) ye la <a href="/wiki/Llingua_oficial" title="Llingua oficial">llingua oficial</a> de <a href="/wiki/Xeorxa" title="Xeorxa">Xeorxa</a>. Fora d'esti país, fálase principalmente en <a href="/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía">Turquía</a> y <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>, con comunidaes más pequeñes nel vecín <a href="/wiki/Azerbaix%C3%A1n" title="Azerbaixán">Azerbaixán</a>, otres antigües <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAbliques_de_la_Xuni%C3%B3n_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Repúbliques de la Xunión Soviética">repúbliques soviétiques</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia">Grecia</a> ya <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán">Irán</a>, siendo en total 4 240 000 les persones que falen esti <a href="/wiki/Idioma" title="Idioma">idioma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amás, ye la principal llingua escrita pa tolos grupos étnicos <a href="/wiki/Xeorxanos" title="Xeorxanos">xeorxanos</a>, inclusive pa los falantes de les otres <a href="/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_kartvelianes" title="Llingües kartvelianes">llingües kartvelianes</a> como'l <a href="/wiki/Idioma_svano" title="Idioma svano">svano</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_megreliano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idioma megreliano (la páxina nun esiste)">mingreliano</a> y <a href="/wiki/Idioma_laz" title="Idioma laz">laz</a>. </p><p>El xeorxanu utiliza un <a href="/wiki/Sistema_d%27escritura" title="Sistema d'escritura">sistema d'escritura</a> únicu, conocíu como <a href="/wiki/Alfabetu_xeorxanu" title="Alfabetu xeorxanu">alfabetu xeorxanu</a>. Sicasí, al traviés de la historia utilizáronse tres alfabetos distintes, denominaos <b>asomtavruli</b>, <b>nusjuri</b> y <b>mjedruli</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribución_xeográfica"><span id="Distribuci.C3.B3n_xeogr.C3.A1fica"></span>Distribución xeográfica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar seición: Distribución xeográfica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Distribución xeográfica"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El xeorxanu ye la <a href="/wiki/Llingua_materna" title="Llingua materna">llingua materna</a> de casi cuatro millones de xeorxanos, aproximao'l 70% de la población de Xeorxa. En Rusia falen xeorxanu 171 000 persones<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> y unes 40 000 en Turquía (<a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>), ente que n'Irán pueden ser ente 1 000 y 10 000 les qu'empleguen esti idioma.<sup id="cite_ref-Promotora1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Promotora1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>N'otres antigües repúbliques soviétiques, el xeorxanu ye emplegáu por 34 200 persones n'<a href="/wiki/Ucra%C3%ADna" title="Ucraína">Ucraína</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>16 300 persones n'Azerbaixán, 7 700 en <a href="/wiki/Kazakst%C3%A1n" title="Kazakstán">Kazakstán</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> y 4 100 n'<a href="/wiki/Uzbequist%C3%A1n" title="Uzbequistán">Uzbequistán</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> tamién cunten con pequeñes comunidaes de fala xeorxana. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aspeutos_históricos,_sociales_y_culturales"><span id="Aspeutos_hist.C3.B3ricos.2C_sociales_y_culturales"></span>Aspeutos históricos, sociales y culturales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar seición: Aspeutos históricos, sociales y culturales" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Aspeutos históricos, sociales y culturales"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historia">Historia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar seición: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Historia"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Créese que'l xeorxanu estremar del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_megreliano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idioma megreliano (la páxina nun esiste)">mingreliano</a> y del <a href="/wiki/Idioma_laz" title="Idioma laz">laz</a> hai unos 3000 años. Basándose nel grau del cambéu, dellos llingüistes como G. Klimov, T. Gamkrelidze y G. Machavariani plantegaron la posibilidá de que l'entamu del cambéu hubiera yá asocedíu nel segundu mileniu e. C. o más tempranu, estremando'l <a href="/wiki/Idioma_svano" title="Idioma svano">svano</a> de les otres llingües. Los idiomes mingreliano y laz estremar del xeorxanu aproximao un mileniu más tarde. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Bolnisi_Sioni_-_Georgian_inscription.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bolnisi_Sioni_-_Georgian_inscription.JPG/280px-Bolnisi_Sioni_-_Georgian_inscription.JPG" decoding="async" width="280" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bolnisi_Sioni_-_Georgian_inscription.JPG/420px-Bolnisi_Sioni_-_Georgian_inscription.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Bolnisi_Sioni_-_Georgian_inscription.JPG/560px-Bolnisi_Sioni_-_Georgian_inscription.JPG 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="444" /></a><figcaption>Inscripción en xeorxanu en Bolnisi Sioni, <a href="/wiki/494" title="494">494 d.C.</a></figcaption></figure> <p>La más antigua alusión al xeorxanu faláu pue ser un pasaxe del gramáticu romanu <a href="/wiki/Marcu_Cornelio_Front%C3%B3n" title="Marcu Cornelio Frontón">Marcu Cornelio Frontón</a> nel <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_II" title="Sieglu II">sieglu II</a>: Frontón imaxina a los iberianos (xeorxanos) dirixiéndose al emperador <a href="/wiki/Marco_Aurelio" class="mw-redirect" title="Marco Aurelio">Marco Aurelio</a> na so incomprensible llingua. </p><p>La evolución del xeorxanu escontra una llingua escrita foi una consecuencia de la conversión de la élite xeorxana al <a href="/wiki/Cristianismu" title="Cristianismu">cristianismu</a> a mediaos del <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_IV" title="Sieglu IV">sieglu IV</a>. La nueva llingua lliteraria construyóse sobre una infraestructura cultural yá bien asitiada, apoderándose de les funciones, convenciones y estatus del <a href="/wiki/Idioma_aram%C3%A9u" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma araméu">araméu</a>, la llingua lliteraria de la Xeorxa pagana y la nueva relixón nacional. Los primeros testos xeorxanos son inscripciones y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palimpsestu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palimpsestu (la páxina nun esiste)">palimpsestos</a> dataos escontra'l <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_V" title="Sieglu V">sieglu V</a>. La <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inscripciones_de_Bir_el-Qutt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inscripciones de Bir el-Qutt (la páxina nun esiste)">más antigua inscripción en xeorxanu</a>, que data aproximao del <a href="/wiki/430" title="430">430</a>, foi afayada na <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1950" title="Década de 1950">década de 1950</a> nes escavaciones d'un monesteriu xeorxanu nel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Desiertu_de_Xudea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desiertu de Xudea (la páxina nun esiste)">desiertu de Xudea</a>. Dientro de Xeorxa, la inscripción de mayor antigüedá (añu <a href="/wiki/494" title="494">494</a>) atopar nuna ilesia en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolnisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bolnisi (la páxina nun esiste)">Bolnisi</a>. </p><p>El primer diccionariu xeorxanu apaeció en <a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a>, ellaboráu por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulkhan_Saba_Orbeliani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulkhan Saba Orbeliani (la páxina nun esiste)">Sulkhan Saba Orbeliani</a>, ente que la primer gramática nativa corrió al cargu de Zurab Shanshovani en <a href="/wiki/1737" title="1737">1737</a>. Yá nel <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_XX" title="Sieglu XX">sieglu XX</a> (<a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a>-<a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a>), l'Academia Xeorxana entamó la redaición de los ocho volúmenes que componen el <i>Diccionariu esplicativu de la llingua xeorxana</i> (ქართული ენის განმარტებითი ლექსიკონი).<sup id="cite_ref-ELE_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELE-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lliteratura">Lliteratura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar seición: Lliteratura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Lliteratura"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4219085">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artículu principal: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lliteratura_en_xeorxanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lliteratura en xeorxanu (la páxina nun esiste)">Lliteratura en xeorxanu</a></div> <p>El xeorxanu tien una prolífica tradición lliteraria. El testu escritu más antiguu en xeorxanu qu'inda se caltién ye'l <i>Martiriu de la reina Santa Shushanik</i> (წამებაჲ წმიდისა შუშანიკისი დედოფლისაჲ, <i>C'amebaj c'midisa Shushanik'isi dedoplisaj</i>) escritu por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iakob_Tsurtaveli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iakob Tsurtaveli (la páxina nun esiste)">Iakob Tsurtaveli</a> ente <a href="/wiki/476" title="476">476</a> y <a href="/wiki/483" title="483">483</a>. El primer manuscritu fecháu de los <i>Evanxelios</i> ye'l <i>Manuscritu de Adysh</i> (<a href="/wiki/897" title="897">897</a>). Mientres la edá d'oru» de Xeorxa —reináu de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamara_de_Xeorxa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamara de Xeorxa (la páxina nun esiste)">reina Tamar</a> (<a href="/wiki/1184" title="1184">1184</a>-<a href="/wiki/1213" title="1213">1213</a>)— compúnxose'l poema nacional épicu <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_caballeru_na_piel_de_tigre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El caballeru na piel de tigre (la páxina nun esiste)">El caballeru na piel de tigre</a></i>, considerada la obra magna de la lliteratura nesta llingua. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialeutos">Dialeutos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar seición: Dialeutos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Dialeutos"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Esisten siquier dieciocho <a href="/wiki/Dialeutu" title="Dialeutu">dialeutos</a> del xeorxanu, que inda caltienen carauterístiques úniques en términos de <a href="/wiki/Fonolox%C3%ADa" title="Fonoloxía">fonoloxía</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morfolox%C3%ADa_verbal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morfoloxía verbal (la páxina nun esiste)">morfoloxía</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sintaxis" title="Sintaxis">sintaxis</a> y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vocabulariu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vocabulariu (la páxina nun esiste)">vocabulariu</a>, anque virtualmente son dafechu intelixibles ente sigo.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sicasí, les otres <a href="/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_kartvelianes" title="Llingües kartvelianes">llingües kartvelianes</a> —<a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_mingreliano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idioma mingreliano (la páxina nun esiste)">mingreliano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idioma_svano" title="Idioma svano">svano</a> y <a href="/wiki/Idioma_laz" title="Idioma laz">laz</a>— namái son parcialmente intelixibles pa los falantes de xeorxanu estándar o de los diversos dialeutos xeorxanos. </p><p>Ente los dialeutos del xeorxanu qu'esisten en Xeorxa, na zona oeste del país, a lo llargo de la mariña del <a href="/wiki/Mar_Negru" title="Mar Negru">Mar Negru</a>, utilícense'l <b>guriano</b> —al sur de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mingrelia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mingrelia (la páxina nun esiste)">Mingrelia</a>— y el <b>adzhariano</b> o <b>ach'llabren</b>. Al interior parten con el <b>imiretiano</b>. Al norte d'esti postreru, asítiense los dialeutos noroccidentales: <b>lechjumiano</b> y escontra l'este'l <b>rach'an</b>. Ente los dialeutos del norte, el <b>mojeviano</b> averar a les estribaciones meridionales del Cáucasu ente que el <b>mtiuletiano</b> fálase darréu al sur. Ente los dialeutos nororientales destaquen el <b>jevsuriano</b> —nel área al este del mokeviano—, el <b>pshaviano</b> y, aislláu nos montes que dixebren <a href="/wiki/Chechenia" title="Chechenia">Chechenia</a> de <a href="/wiki/Daguest%C3%A1n" title="Daguestán">Daguestán</a>, el <b>tush</b>. El <b>k'ajetiano</b> ye'l dialeutu oriental, ente que la estensa rexón central, el dialeutu utilizáu ye'l <b>kartliano</b>, base de la llingua lliteraria moderna. Los dialeutos meridionales inclúin al <b>dzhavajiano</b> —al suroeste del kartliano— y el <b>mesjiano</b>. </p><p>Fora de Xeorxa pueden atopase otros dialeutos del xeorxanu como'l <b>ingiloano</b>, faláu na rexón <a href="/wiki/Azerbaix%C3%A1n" title="Azerbaixán">azerbaixana</a> de Katala, el <b>imerjeviano</b>, faláu al este de Turquía, y el <b>fereydaniano</b>, dialeutu utilizáu en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fereydan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fereydan (la páxina nun esiste)">Fereydan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A1n" title="Irán">Irán</a>). Otra forma dialeutal conocida como <b>qizlar-mozdokiano</b>, güei en desusu, falar n'El Cáucasu norte de resultes d'emigrantes que, procedentes de Xeorxa oriental, instaláronse ellí nel <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_XVIII" title="Sieglu XVIII">sieglu XVIII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ELE_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELE-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A lo último, <a href="/wiki/Xudeoxeorxanu" title="Xudeoxeorxanu">xudeoxeorxanu</a>, llingua falada polos <a href="/wiki/Xud%C3%ADos" class="mw-redirect" title="Xudíos">xudíos</a> de Xeorxa, nun ye considerada por dellos autores una llingua separada, sinón solamente un dialeutu del xeorxanu.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En gran midida comparte fonética, morfoloxía y sintaxis col xeorxanu, anque contién pallabres d'orixe <a href="/wiki/Idioma_hebr%C3%A9u" title="Idioma hebréu">hebréu</a> y <a href="/wiki/Idioma_aram%C3%A9u" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma araméu">araméu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influencia_d'otres_llingües"><span id="Influencia_d.27otres_lling.C3.BCes"></span>Influencia d'otres llingües</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar seición: Influencia d'otres llingües" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Influencia d'otres llingües"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El xeorxanu cunta con traces llingüístiques de tolos imperios que tuvieron presentes n'El Cáucasu. Tien elementos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grecorromanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grecorromanu (la páxina nun esiste)">grecorromanos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idioma_persa" title="Idioma persa">perses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Llingua_%C3%A1rabe" class="mw-redirect" title="Llingua árabe">árabes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idioma_turcu" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma turcu">turcos</a> y <a href="/wiki/Idioma_rusu" title="Idioma rusu">rusos</a>, siendo los d'orixe persa y rusu los más significativos. Tamién s'identificaron elementos procedentes del otru llau del Cáucasu, como por casu <i>muxa(j)</i>, «carbayu», d'orixe <a href="/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_nakh" title="Llingües nakh">naj</a> (<a href="/wiki/Daguest%C3%A1n" title="Daguestán">Daguestán</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ELE_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELE-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alfabetu">Alfabetu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar seición: Alfabetu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Alfabetu"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4219085"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ver tamién: <a href="/wiki/Alfabetu_xeorxanu" title="Alfabetu xeorxanu">Alfabetu xeorxanu</a></div> <p>L'alfabetu xeorxanu modernu tien 33 <a href="/wiki/Lletres" class="mw-redirect" title="Lletres">lletres</a>. Anque nun principiu constaba de 38, delles lletres quedaron obsoletas. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Ioane_Oqropiris_Jamiswirva_XIII-XIV_%E1%83%A1..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ioane_Oqropiris_Jamiswirva_XIII-XIV_%E1%83%A1..JPG/180px-Ioane_Oqropiris_Jamiswirva_XIII-XIV_%E1%83%A1..JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ioane_Oqropiris_Jamiswirva_XIII-XIV_%E1%83%A1..JPG/270px-Ioane_Oqropiris_Jamiswirva_XIII-XIV_%E1%83%A1..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Ioane_Oqropiris_Jamiswirva_XIII-XIV_%E1%83%A1..JPG 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="564" /></a><figcaption>Manuscritu en <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nusjuri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nusjuri (la páxina nun esiste)">Nusjuri</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_XIII" title="Sieglu XIII">sieglos XIII</a>-<a href="/wiki/Sieglu_XIV" title="Sieglu XIV">XIV</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historia_del_alfabetu">Historia del alfabetu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar seición: Historia del alfabetu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Historia del alfabetu"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La forma más antigua del alfabetu xeorxanu, l'alfabetu <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asomtavruli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asomtavruli (la páxina nun esiste)">asomtavruli</a></i> («mayúscules»), foi creáu'l <a href="/wiki/412_e.C." title="412 e.C.">412 e. C.</a> por sacerdotes xeorxanos del cultu de <i>Matra</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mithra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mithra (la páxina nun esiste)">Mithra</a> de <a href="/wiki/Persia" title="Persia">Persia</a>). L'alfabetu asomtavruli sufrió reformes nel añu <a href="/wiki/284_e.C." title="284 e.C.">284 e. C.</a> feches pol rei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parnavaz_I_d%27Iberia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parnavaz I d'Iberia (la páxina nun esiste)">Parnavaz I d'Iberia</a>. </p><p>L'alfabetu asomtavruli ye tamién conocíu como <i>mrgvlovani</i> («arrondáu»). Entá güei caltiénense muestres d'esti alfabetu n'inscripciones monumentales, tales como les que s'atopen na ilesia xeorxana de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolnisi_Sioni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bolnisi Sioni (la páxina nun esiste)">Bolnisi Sioni</a> cerca de <a href="/wiki/Tblisi" title="Tblisi">Tblisi</a> (de los sieglos IV o V). Inclusive s'atoparon muestres más antigües, que daten del <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_III_e.C." title="Sieglu III e.C.">sieglu III e. C.</a> al <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_III" title="Sieglu III">sieglu III d. C.</a>, en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armaztsikhe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armaztsikhe (la páxina nun esiste)">Armaztsikhe</a> (cerca de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mtskheta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mtskheta (la páxina nun esiste)">Mtskheta</a>) y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nekresi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nekresi (la páxina nun esiste)">Nekresi</a> (na rexón de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kakheti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kakheti (la páxina nun esiste)">Kakheti</a> al Este de Xeorxa), en <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a> y dende <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a> hasta'l <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a> espediciones científiques realizaes por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Janashia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Janashia (la páxina nun esiste)">Simon Janashia</a> (1900–1947) y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Levan_Chilashvili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Levan Chilashvili (la páxina nun esiste)">Levan Chilashvili</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Les inscripciones del Armaztsikhe fueron estudiaes por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pavle_Ingorokva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pavle Ingorokva (la páxina nun esiste)">Pavle Ingorokva</a>. </p><p>L'alfabetu <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nusjuri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nusjuri (la páxina nun esiste)">nusjuri</a></i> («minúscules») o <i>kutjovani</i> («cuadriculáu») apaeció nun principiu nel sieglu IX. <i>Asomtavruli</i> y <i>nusjuri</i>, conocíos como <i>jutsuri</i> (ხუცური, o «escritura eclesiástico»), fueron usaos pa escribir manuscritos relixosos, utilizando'l asomtavruli pa escribir les mayúscules. </p><p>L'alfabetu modernu, llamáu <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mjedruli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mjedruli (la páxina nun esiste)">mjedruli</a></i> (მხედრული, «secular» o «escritura de los caballeros»), apaeció per primer vegada nel <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_X" title="Sieglu X">sieglu X</a>. Utilizar con fines non relixosos hasta'l <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_XVIII" title="Sieglu XVIII">sieglu XVIII</a>, que foi cuando remplazó por completu al khutsuri. Los llingüistes qu'estudien xeorxanu cataloguen el so <a href="/wiki/Ortograf%C3%ADa" title="Ortografía">ortografía</a> como <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortograf%C3%ADa_fon%C3%A9mica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografía fonémica (la páxina nun esiste)">fonémica</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descripción_llingüística"><span id="Descripci.C3.B3n_lling.C3.BC.C3.ADstica"></span>Descripción llingüística</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editar seición: Descripción llingüística" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Descripción llingüística"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clasificación"><span id="Clasificaci.C3.B3n"></span>Clasificación</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editar seición: Clasificación" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Clasificación"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Caucasus-ethnic_es.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Caucasus-ethnic_es.svg/350px-Caucasus-ethnic_es.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="407" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Caucasus-ethnic_es.svg/525px-Caucasus-ethnic_es.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Caucasus-ethnic_es.svg/700px-Caucasus-ethnic_es.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="984" data-file-height="1144" /></a><figcaption>Grupos etnolingüísticos de la rexón del Cáucasu. El xeorxanu en naranxa, nel centru.</figcaption></figure> <p>El xeorxanu ye la más falada ente les <a href="/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_cauc%C3%A1siques_meridionales" class="mw-redirect" title="Llingües caucásiques meridionales">llingües caucásiques del sur</a> o <a href="/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_kartvelianes" title="Llingües kartvelianes">kartvelianes</a>, familia que tamién inclúi'l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_svan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idioma svan (la páxina nun esiste)">svano</a> y el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_megreliano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idioma megreliano (la páxina nun esiste)">megreliano</a> (falaes principalmente al noroeste de Xeorxa), según el <a href="/wiki/Idioma_laz" title="Idioma laz">laz</a> (falada a lo llargo de la mariña del Mar Negru de Turquía, dende <a href="/wiki/Trabzon" title="Trabzon">Trabzon</a> hasta la frontera con Xeorxa). Los xeorxanos se autodenominan <i>kartv-el-i</i>, d'ende la designación utilizada pa referise a la familia llingüística y p'aludir a los grupos étnicos que falen dalguna d'estes llingües.<sup id="cite_ref-ELE_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ELE-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fonoloxía"><span id="Fonolox.C3.ADa"></span>Fonoloxía</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editar seición: Fonoloxía" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Fonoloxía"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Consonantes</dt></dl> <p>Onde hai trés consonantes nun mesmu puntu d'articulación l'orde ye: sorda, sonora, sorda eyectiva; onde hai dos (sacante l, r) l'orde ye: sorda, sonora. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>  </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonante_billabial" title="Consonante billabial">Billabial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonante_dental" title="Consonante dental">Dental</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonante_palatal" title="Consonante palatal">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonante_velar" title="Consonante velar">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonante_uvular" title="Consonante uvular">Uvular</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonante_glotal" title="Consonante glotal">Glotal</a> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonante_oclusiva" title="Consonante oclusiva">Oclusiva</a> </th> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">p</span>ʰ <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">b</span> <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">pʼ</span><br />ფ ბ პ </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">t</span>ʰ <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">d</span> <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">tʼ</span><br />თ დ ტ </td> <td> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">k</span>ʰ <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">g</span> <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">kʼ</span><br />ქ გ კ </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">qʼ</span><br />ყ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonante_fricativa" title="Consonante fricativa">Fricativa</a> </th> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">v</span><br />ვ </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">s</span> <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">z</span><br />ს ზ </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">ʃ</span> <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">ʒ</span><br />შ ჟ </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">x</span> <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">ɣ</span><br />ხ ღ </td> <td> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">h</span><br />ჰ </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonante_africada" title="Consonante africada">Africada</a> </th> <td>  </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">ʦ</span>ʰ <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">ʣ</span> t͡s'<br />ც ძ წ </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">ʧ</span>ʰ <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">ʤ</span> t͡ʃ'<br />ჩ ჯ ჭ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonante_nasal" title="Consonante nasal">Nasal</a> </th> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">m</span><br />მ </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">n</span><br />ნ </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonante_l%C3%ADquida" title="Consonante líquida">Líquida</a> </th> <td> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">l</span>, <span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">r</span><br />ლ, რ </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Nótese qu'en xeorxanu hai soníos similares que son distintos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fon%C3%A9mica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonémica (la páxina nun esiste)">fonémicamente</a>: </p> <ul><li><b>ქ</b>, <i>k</i> (aspirada) y <b>კ</b>, <i><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">kʼ</span></i> (eyectiva)</li> <li><b>თ</b>, <i>t</i> (aspirada) y <b>ტ</b>, <i><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">tʼ</span></i> (eyectiva)</li> <li><b>ფ</b>, <i>p</i> (aspirada) y <b>პ</b>, <i><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">pʼ</span></i> (eyectiva)</li> <li><b>ც</b>, <i><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">ʦ</span></i> (aspirada) y <b>წ</b>, <i><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">ʦʼ</span></i> (eyectiva)</li> <li><b>ჩ</b>, <i><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">ʧ</span></i> (aspirada) y <b>ჭ </b>, <i><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">ʧʼ</span></i> (eyectiva)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Vocales</dt></dl> <table border="1" cellpadding="4" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Vocal_anterior" title="Vocal anterior">Anterior</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Vocal_central" title="Vocal central">Central</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Vocal_posterior" title="Vocal posterior">Posterior</a> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <th> <p>style="font-size:larger;" |<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">ɪ</span> ი </p> </th> <td>  </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">ʊ</span> უ </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th> <p>style="font-size:larger;" |<span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">ɛ</span> ე </p> </th> <td>  </td> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">ɔ</span> ო </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>  </th> <td style="font-size:larger;"><span class="IPA" style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL, Code2000, Chrysanthi Unicode, Gentium, GentiumAlt, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream Vera, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family :inherit;">a</span> ა </td> <td>  </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gramática"><span id="Gram.C3.A1tica"></span>Gramática</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Editar seición: Gramática" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&action=edit&section=12" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Gramática"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El xeorxanu modernu tien cinco <a href="/wiki/Vocal" title="Vocal">vocales</a> y ventiocho <a href="/wiki/Consonante" title="Consonante">consonantes</a>, ente que l'antiguu tenía les mesmes vocales pero trenta consonantes. Nel sistema de consonantes, les <a href="/wiki/Consonante_oclusiva" title="Consonante oclusiva">oclusives</a> y <a href="/wiki/Consonante_africada" title="Consonante africada">africaes</a> son sonores, sordes y glotalizadas. Magar la mayor parte de los raigaños de les pallabres empiecen con una o dos consonantes, hai munches pallabres con grupos de consonantes na posición inicial; dalgunos d'estos grupos pueden constar d'hasta seis consonantes, como na voz <i>prckvna</i>, «pulgando».<sup id="cite_ref-Promotora1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Promotora1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Acentu_pros%C3%B3dicu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acentu prosódicu (la páxina nun esiste)">acentu tónicu</a> asítiase na primera <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADlaba" title="Sílaba">sílaba</a> en pallabres bisílabes pero en pallabres más llargues tiende a cayer na primera o na antepenúltima sílaba. </p><p>L'orde de les pallabres ye relativamente llibre, pudiendo ser suxetu-verbu-oxeto, suxetu-oxeto-verbu o oxetu-suxetu-verbu. Nun esiste <a href="/wiki/X%C3%A9neru_gramatical" title="Xéneru gramatical">xéneru gramatical</a>; si precísase estremar ente sexos hai términos definíos que pueden añader. El marcador pal plural constituyir col <a href="/wiki/Sufixu" title="Sufixu">sufixu</a> -<i>eb</i>- dempués del raigañu. Per otra parte, nun esiste <a href="/w/index.php?title=Art%C3%ADculu_determin%C3%A1u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artículu determináu (la páxina nun esiste)">artículu determináu</a>. El <a href="/wiki/Numberal_(lling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica)" title="Numberal (llingüística)">numberal</a> <i>ert</i>, «unu», pue ser usáu como artículu indetermináu.<sup id="cite_ref-Promotora2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Promotora2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El xeorxanu ye una <a href="/wiki/Llingua_aglutinante" title="Llingua aglutinante">llingua aglutinante</a> na cual ciertos prefixos y sufixos xunir ente sigo col fin de construyir un verbu. En dellos casos, puede haber hasta ocho <a href="/wiki/Morfema" title="Morfema">morfemes</a> distintos nun verbu simultáneamente: por casu, en <i>ageshenebinat</i>, «vós habeis construyíu», el verbu puede ser subdividíu como <i>a-g-y-shen-eb-in-a-t</i>, onde cada morfema contribúi al significáu del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiempu_verbal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiempu verbal (la páxina nun esiste)">tiempu verbal</a> o a la persona que lleva a cabu l'acción. La conxugación verbal tamién exhibe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polipersonalismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polipersonalismo (la páxina nun esiste)">polipersonalismo</a>; un verbu puede incluyir morfemes qu'aluden tanto al suxetu como al oxetu. </p><p>En cuanto al sistema verbal, ésti ye por demás complexu, estremándose ente verbos estáticos o dinámicos, y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Verbu_transitivu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verbu transitivu (la páxina nun esiste)">transitivos</a> o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Verbu_intransitivu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verbu intransitivu (la páxina nun esiste)">intransitivos</a>, incluyendo nesta última categoría los verbos pasivos y medios. </p><p>Una carauterística notable del xeorxanu, que comparte coles otres llingües kartvelianes, ye la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Casu_ergativo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Casu ergativo (la páxina nun esiste)">construcción ergativa</a> de la frase. El <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suxetu_(gram%C3%A1tica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suxetu (gramática) (la páxina nun esiste)">suxetu</a> d'un verbu transitivu marcar por un casu especial, ergativo, ente que'l casu del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxetu_direutu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxetu direutu (la páxina nun esiste)">oxetu direutu</a> ye'l mesmu que'l del suxetu nos verbos intransitivos: <i>kac-i</i> (nominativu) <i>midis</i>, «l'home va», pero <i>kac-ma</i> (ergativo) <i>molda datv-i</i> (nominativu), «l'home mató al osu».<sup id="cite_ref-Promotora2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Promotora2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vocabulariu">Vocabulariu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Editar seición: Vocabulariu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&action=edit&section=13" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Vocabulariu"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El xeorxanu tien un ricu sistema de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Derivaci%C3%B3n_(lling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Derivación (llingüística) (la páxina nun esiste)">pallabres derivaes</a>. A partir d'un raigañu, la adición de determinaos <a href="/wiki/Prefixos" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefixos">prefixos</a> y sufixos dexa llograr diversos sustantivos y axetivos rellacionaos. Por casu, partiendo del raigañu -<i>kartv</i>-, pueden derivase los términos <i>Kartv<b>eli</b></i>, «persona de Xeorxa», <i>Kart<b>uli</b></i>, «idioma xeorxanu» y <i><b>Sa</b>kartv<b>elo</b></i>, «Xeorxa». </p><p>La mayoría de los <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apell%C3%ADos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apellíos (la páxina nun esiste)">apellíos</a> xeorxanos terminen en -<i>dze</i>, «fíu» (Xeorxa occidental), -<i>shvili</i>, «neñu» (Xeorxa oriental), -<i>ia</i> (Xeorxa occidental, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samegrelo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samegrelo (la páxina nun esiste)">Samegrelo</a>), -<i>ani</i> (Xeorxa occidental, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Svaneti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svaneti (la páxina nun esiste)">Svaneti</a>) o -<i>uri</i> (este de Xeorxa). La partícula -<i>eli</i> a la fin indica nobleza, equivalente al <i>de</i> <a href="/wiki/Idioma_franc%C3%A9s" title="Idioma francés">francés</a> o al <i>von</i> <a href="/wiki/Idioma_alem%C3%A1n" title="Idioma alemán">alemán</a>. </p><p>El xeorxanu, al igual que'l <a href="/wiki/Vascu" class="mw-disambig" title="Vascu">vascu</a> o'l francés, tien un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_numb%C3%A9ricu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistema numbéricu (la páxina nun esiste)">sistema numbéricu</a> vigesimal, basáu nun sistema de numberación de 20. Pa espresar un númberu mayor que 20 y menor que 100, primero enúnciase'l númberu como múltiplu de venti y depués añader el númberu restante. Asina, el 93 esprésase como ოთხმოცდაცამეტი - <i>otkh-m-ots-da-tsamet'i</i> (llit. cuatro veces venti y trelce). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Espresiones_útiles_en_xeorxanu"><span id="Espresiones_.C3.BAtiles_en_xeorxanu"></span>Espresiones útiles en xeorxanu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Editar seición: Espresiones útiles en xeorxanu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&action=edit&section=14" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Espresiones útiles en xeorxanu"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ente paréntesis la pronunciación averada al español. (kh pronúnciase como la J del español, dzh pronúnciase como la J del inglés) </p> <ul><li>გამარჯობა (gamardzhoba) – Hola *</li></ul> <p>გაგიმარჯოს (gaguimardzhos) – Hola (respuesta) </p> <ul><li>როგორ ხარ? (rogor khar?) – ¿Qué tal tas?</li> <li>ნახვამდის (nakhvamdis) – Hasta depués, hasta la vista *</li></ul> <p>გმადლობ (gmadlob) – Gracies </p> <ul><li>დიდი მადლობა (didi madloba) – Munches gracies</li> <li>გთხოვ (gtkhov) – Por favor</li> <li>ბოდიში (bodishi) – Perdón</li> <li>მიყვარხარ(თ) (miqvarkhar(t)) – Te(Vos) quiero *</li></ul> <p>მე ქართველი/ესპანელი ვარ (me kartveli/espaneli var) – Yo soi xeorxanu(a)/español(a) </p> <ul><li>რა გქვია შენ? (ra gkvia shen?) – ¿Cómo te llames?</li> <li>მე მქვია გიორგი (me mkvia Guiorgui) – Llámome Guiorgui</li> <li>სასიამოვნოა თქვენი გაცნობა (sasiamovnoa tkveni gatsnoba) – Un prestar conocelo(la)</li> <li>გაუმარჯოს! (gaumardzhos!) – ¡Chinchín! ¡Salú! (al brindar)</li> <li>გილოცავ (guilotsav) – Norabona, Felicidaes</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_tamién"><span id="Ver_tami.C3.A9n"></span>Ver tamién</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Editar seición: Ver tamién" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&action=edit&section=15" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Ver tamién"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xeorxanos" title="Xeorxanos">Xeorxanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfabetu_xeorxanu" title="Alfabetu xeorxanu">Alfabetu xeorxanu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lliteratura_en_xeorxanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lliteratura en xeorxanu (la páxina nun esiste)">Lliteratura en xeorxanu</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencies">Referencies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Editar seición: Referencies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&action=edit&section=16" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Referencies"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Referencies_en_testu">Referencies en testu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Editar seición: Referencies en testu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&action=edit&section=17" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Referencies en testu"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3503771">@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .llistaref{column-count:1!important}}</style><div class="llistaref" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ethnologue-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue_1-1">1,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/kat">Georgian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/country/RU">Russian Federation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Promotora1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Promotora1_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Promotora1_3-1">3,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.proel.org/index.php?pagina=mundu/caucasica/kartvelio#">Familia Kartvelia (Proel)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/country/UA">Ukraine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/country/UZ">Uzbekistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/country/KZ">Kazakhstan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ELE-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ELE_7-0">7,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ELE_7-1">7,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ELE_7-2">7,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ELE_7-3">7,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Price, Glanville (2001). «Lengua caucásiques», <i>Enciclopedia de les llingües d'Europa</i>. Gredos, páx. 92-117. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9788424923006" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9788424923006">ISBN 9788424923006</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Manana Kock Kobaidze (2004-02-11) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927075905/http://webzone.imer.mah.se/projects/georgianV04/DEMO/Lect04/StandGe.html"><i>From the history of Standard Georgian</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation cita-genérica"> <i>Language Policy in the Soviet Union</i>, Springer, <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/1-4020-1298-5" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/1-4020-1298-5">1-4020-1298-5</a></small></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+Policy+in+the+Soviet+Union&rft.pub=Springer&rft.isbn=1-4020-1298-5&rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Idioma_xeorxanu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation cita-genérica"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?vide=ISBN0814774326&id=Y_MxlYGaLggC&pg=PP1&lpg=PP1&dq=Jewish+Culture+and+Identity+in+the+Soviet+Union"><i>Jewish Culture and Identity in the Soviet Union</i></a>, NYU Press, <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/0-8147-7432-6" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/0-8147-7432-6">0-8147-7432-6</a></small><span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?vide=ISBN0814774326&id=Y_MxlYGaLggC&pg=PP1&lpg=PP1&dq=Jewish+Culture+and+Identity+in+the+Soviet+Union">https://books.google.com/books?vide=ISBN0814774326&id=Y_MxlYGaLggC&pg=PP1&lpg=PP1&dq=Jewish+Culture+and+Identity+in+the+Soviet+Union</a></span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish+Culture+and+Identity+in+the+Soviet+Union&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.isbn=0-8147-7432-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fvide%3DISBN0814774326%26id%3DY_MxlYGaLggC%26pg%3DPP1%26lpg%3DPP1%26dq%3DJewish%2BCulture%2Band%2BIdentity%2Bin%2Bthe%2BSoviet%2BUnion&rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Idioma_xeorxanu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050817044816/http://ezone.mah.se/projects/georgianV04/DEMO/INTR3/Nekresi.html">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Promotora2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Promotora2_12-0">12,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Promotora2_12-1">12,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.proel.org/index.php?pagina=mundu/caucasica/kartvelio/xeorxanu">Xeorxanu (Proel)</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Referencies_xenerales">Referencies xenerales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Editar seición: Referencies xenerales" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&action=edit&section=18" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Referencies xenerales"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pavle Ingorokva. <i>Inscripciones antigües en xeorxanu</i>.- Boletín de ENIMK, vol. X, Tbilisi, 1941, páxs. 411-427 (en xeorxanu)</li> <li>Zaza Aleksidze. <i>Epistoleta Tsigni</i>, Tblisi, 1968, 150 pp (en xeorxanu)</li> <li>Korneli Danelia, Zurab Sarjveladze. <i>Cuestiones sobre la paleografía del xeorxanu</i>, Tblisi, 1997, 150 pp (en xeorxanu, sumariu n'inglés).</li> <li>Elene Machavariani. <i>Grafía del alfabetu xeorxanu</i>, Tblisi, 1982, 107 pp (en xeorxanu, sumariu en francés)</li> <li>Ivane Dzhavakhishvili. <i>Paleografía xeorxana</i>, Tblisi, 1949, 500 pp (en xeorxanu)</li> <li>Ramaz Pataridze. <i>El asomtavruli xeorxanu</i>, Tblisi, 1980, 600 pp (en xeorxanu)</li> <li><i>Gran descubrimientu</i> (sobre la espedición del académicu Levan Chilashvili).- Periódicu "Kviris Palitra", Tblisi, abril 21-27, 2003 (en xeorxanu)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaces_esternos">Enllaces esternos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Editar seición: Enllaces esternos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_xeorxanu&action=edit&section=19" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Enllaces esternos"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikipedia"><img alt="Wikipedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/25px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/50px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a></span> Consulta la edición de <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> <b><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ka:">n'idioma xeorxanu</a></b>.</li> <li>Guía de conversación billingüe: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://georgiano-espanol.blogspot.com/">http://georgiano-espanol.blogspot.com/</a></li> <li>Diccionariu esplicativu del xeorxanu antiguu (con delles traducciones al griegu y al rusu) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://web.sanet.ge/meskhitb/lexicon/#ie">http://web.sanet.ge/meskhitb/lexicon/#ie</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928064320/http://web.sanet.ge/meskhitb/lexicon/#ie">Archiváu</a> 2007-09-28 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Diccionariu Inglés-Xeorxanu, Xeorxanu-Inglés <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.translate.ge">http://www.translate.ge</a></li> <li>Diccionaro de les voces foranes en xeorxanu (Diccionariu de pallabres estranxeres en Xeorxanu) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://words.interes.ge/">http://words.interes.ge/</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/georgian.htm">Semeyes de Omniglot</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2260362">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{display:flex;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;background-color:#eaecf0;color:#222222}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control navigation-not-searchable"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4075543">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8108" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q8108">Q8108</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Georgian_language">Georgian language</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikillibros" title="Wikibooks"><img alt="Wikibooks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/15px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/23px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/30px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> Llibros:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://ast.wikibooks.org/wiki/Georgiano" class="extiw" title="b:Georgiano">Georgiano</a></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identificadores</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11948076v">11948076v</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11948076v">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4124679-2">4124679-2</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85054242">sh85054242</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00562661">00562661</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114924">ph114924</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art & Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300388343">300388343</a></span></li> <li><b>Diccionarios y enciclopedies</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Brit%C3%A1nica" class="mw-redirect" title="Enciclopedia Británica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Georgian-language">url</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8108" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q8108">Q8108</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Georgian_language">Georgian language</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikillibros" title="Wikibooks"><img alt="Wikibooks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/15px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/23px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/30px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> Llibros:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://ast.wikibooks.org/wiki/Georgiano" class="extiw" title="b:Georgiano">Georgiano</a></span></li></ul> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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