CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9133be643dd33f81',cH: '1o4mfQD1VdBpFH0bRi7J_G2x1I3mWk_kOTMzyPwl0P4-1739773983-1.2.1.1-.xVj8SVSOQUhSVb7kGZTn5VOVn4IyCZxNehHkaFQyEJ4u2M8sb9wvEnDGbTOVOYj',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Bangladesh&__cf_chl_tk=atPtk4nvzaCeRvP7w3g84JYmJi4urf_cKZwBJ_aIvR0-1739773983-1.0.1.1-Cv4BhgUg_q86A0N_3TVVSDtiEGtfMoE17WVea0rz4HU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739773983',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Bangladesh&__cf_chl_f_tk=atPtk4nvzaCeRvP7w3g84JYmJi4urf_cKZwBJ_aIvR0-1739773983-1.0.1.1-Cv4BhgUg_q86A0N_3TVVSDtiEGtfMoE17WVea0rz4HU",md: "Nmx8JloxsdEtgv4.KsyKp2exWC2Fx0rGCAZxof7fvmY-1739773983-1.2.1.1-vTOp7DPhb8gNFSYFHZ5ibEzWyWZgFQweKf2R8bbUuultiX92sxKJsZaE91W72l6M2mp2x2vUBdGLLN7ADSyhNa_U_ptBIhvtO3IMB6CghpxHGRtifkmDODsIIz3sEmj33Xscdnc_tdV8n0KluuFGM2UaseZ7uj4_9A3XOUlF8X6AsumpNr9K.KUa3QA1u1YAQ19O.nXFot0s1luAV_fNdgPACffMAaAn9t5K2llMXfku6ZQnRQ0l5kBT54qD7h6J1edPtl8DBiN3lbLg1oig7gEUwwzR6KcO.padE7VfWE3kw7RnOAwcYToAusI3PqHhSdBinywvbKwNc1qAVqcOczt8Ec8MF3md.VD48796RhRDUhGlIV93JgzY5KwtBib0P1RwLUcd1UYL4OIuN.wV6ACV5eB_VTStY3BclOLGk0XfE.YuKd7gLryVjHj0LMeogsNRNa5DbIC2te4yLmZb2TQMeyXDTkrjR9DEF0CUa9cKs.tzL1.J2DpKJnYykMY0drR1oJoFXFnJ1AnirTZbWHA2O.0fbTzIuasQInwwOjs4kfe6M_WU3FU2Pb2S_0Lfs4rv2lVhTw6BJuqTp5xA7cqQiGHX4HiEk5BLyi.fK2bJvD_3WjkQhxfFhutHuTJXJ8iCxJPo5fSzWhYbcKRmUuDpeH6Rbm8QNr9e7JZmYxIuIioNwo5Rq2koTyr_5nyXKYVQGnnp_252MB466Z0j_8XV3bztfYBaXyKpaFqqsEdLH.fZbb_OjxZgMHz1z1EKsYpQDS8RJLcnqlJpodlFFmbBO6c7YODpdYJZ4BOlA_KtwQGPDlOsVY8D9tuHQY7bSNvIWnExPvOmCmd4NJbV_iZmHK3pnbNkw.UM8czmt5A9gj3PjBIwjUoNRSJ53Xth_PVwAQptJCozgPSYWPnaApewk4Mn4I3y3rPnJZTZQIlrVR0Tfg5QCIpXjDoVwE.MzQZ_frAtVWSl9rD7IwtWdEOf.uRM.L8cNgl2a1zxdZxWYrncVedPhR6swuBYVnHtu9FTT5yQsynvqF_XIAZihcqj7H31dcHJq0nS9W8sUH9SWZ0xM6_l2asQTbl1yhbdW1ERhjAp0VadXfiVwTfwy7za0PNMy74P4I8n7WCakr3UE_3v2vEXB7TRE68LyBAeKoWPHPtYxNn52bNf7luPVV5UekhasY_PGAU6CphzOjnvS4jFWfOxaQ.yIWPtX5JccYmjJ7gqOTCm5cGc5RvApjmod.2aIn09niDxW_pinfj7hd47vcSaCgNvpjQzpeBj_v64rdjMP90PcunlJZElFzxfsVSjEqddMOKIdhnDZsqWxGMvR4y3qyEtlFVlivPIMksk1qgfh6ZUTw2NUFV0WZsmfNtDp9vd7Mtq7CvFX.tcGMz3rDXIlNAEw7udK86sRwojrSyFAtUeWO3nhm9A.HYSmunb.mgZLl43ln4l1O4vAC2lF5JbLSk.ZM0Z9YTdl21UVs5yPVjNhyjz5wp1Q8quSRImJV0AJkSxwotKVkBK6yH7OXgF8Weu8.PVJLffgWtjIQLRv_5bq9F01Ne06KOhyOon_xd2fVzUj8rGACG6qOGXy9sadRWRTpyEEcGevwyIzLIagnnCu1kqvEdb4OOOpt5nVEEDN44JgVIg6oPnIA0V3L4aYRls4NVOaNaSjE2wgsad2zTXzdbk5MfRqUe5AjmEyOv7XsVovCHpvC_qLtkZjSq_qabq9u7kzBf5tf_1OAFg9GXMDRKAmHJ2qO_HDD3KfW0ngjDKvmnqCbQj9EyueDisAVUqqB0CB76MySZN2JPU6IPKPTbyOw6UEvmmAif9TT5QEWavVN6Jui8jrusobC0dpYcgH7mdn8ThYviHdNU2R_f1z7TWOgTw2_2Amsu954WOcZ9rYANzcgkVCq07d7JcNIQW62A9lBqa_ByRyGZPRFe7ExGGWEL2RQ",mdrd: "jMx3RdbKS9Jj2pGIhEzwGjzRxN9Whctzyvk0zBLTpow-1739773983-1.2.1.1-4MMaBOfYD6ZOB9tajfojtFlahNlsC3BsUBrsrF7gtKG2fGntc9iLLm.D_vYkMUsq1JhIBSKaCJt.aiQ5jLs_z9eITeFWlFiTdQBqyKm.vJBVBlx8LQ_86HdvaZ48i.X_fRZZNWUHh7_CHfGlgcp3ZZ7x61u45Nz1WcNB69AcKrZx2C0ps4S7UCIE.VADvZwLpH2CWShLaCizhPw9yHPe35GI_Ynuktx.ATYrG2RJAPWB_O6D4ptCZCsxqBMua6Tzym0F13k_FvfR_z0_t22Jb555bey4doF27rGG6qC2PkJlrtaFd.yJh.1VWa_Y9U3C2kFvV6qE2.T2KrD9HnSRaqrUvDf1QudYqvxB90obcDz.aqA0JfXHkuX_l2bvLMv2NXrWCqlJWtEvZHjhGom9RhlGUYc_Q4EqmfSCs5uY0sTxDi797quqq3126vDoBBbhr.GzWzU5AsTGMmKFAou7IkHwPTZZAd38KpwebIM6MTJ3oRahZnksDJaxJcQboOEuTA63XoROp_.P4GZWx6D9_icmXBxsiJH6jRWFG64FbE0XuPtwe3Ta6stwSOJFLtezV9MgoKrb1cM2QzKOoFI6rNUQfLduYLG74iEZ5ar.Y99IyvnVBW2lph6kys2vfJnR2iIANsG0w8e9WUcIr_4s5Zej7aQo6U8b4sOzIH3eDm1lJgkq4aQ3v4tdyC.PDAwRa6Kcvd9gfhlvyiYtI6apCz4Tr5GHVmH4iedxbVS2yTrpYBVy7N.h94ZVVd4hTI2Yw.iEa6CwZwwpFvhJUH63k8zQ4M7dq0hGVGNLLluUDff9rmiKdRxAkxGAjLoC4u10Maxnvj7Ek9e2pbNoDxpn.l46rjvO40yTFCn6qRNPiGS3KitabA.L7EnAc_Z1ubuAkU5M4_clAUsnGubfLyDbHtmcIZ_h8Q8FxtGhNqDBEZkSpGPQYth9LCZBbjyIGs3xcoR_.n32sD3cAqDK9eZSMreuwiB9lhkS7hzb6ibenizYXY4aJvG41vGI5OLYVsgiAb4gj6cXAjHdJATAocpklzD.5qMbPV0dsh7SbMYXVccqkCdxwuZVfAHqch4Uzbb4f9.edAQs1LOItSU3UjBAxRNr9tbVpd65lf40.rSVYYtBGV9ynjXcyLoyEMaTiq.qSun.NiSZJZPytcgQLAL8HpeXKCdDM2QUERBHf5NTj73xraqsWWbgZ8fM6hUF02FB6wE4OLlETqDnHYiFAamjGb7SVX9xVhmIgPTx42qVXlBhASP.DrbZJlEEUSknXpjYKeoK9Utb6i.0qWjuNafxkvzUKn3k5YVKkvCyBJgpO25giMopAtCWRKDicXjKFqy2e8sk5.EC78ViBZYxpbqItUohYRy9xc3GaP6Wtehyg7SUsaGzXdtMueZ6kpT_E2fUyRq7yxhS.4MjlnoOek6NG_Jp3fftoudg5LgPQPWsTJtUDSSFBt3SW3JX708p.2kcgEQmb2UHrKdbZM3eMA9WcAWMNhxyaKVSVyG7F0Uib67Z.krFk1ywR4FWT3G8h_l7O_7ZZnjOBHExpX5l52soZn9733SOELLv7s0l5i2fLbk4pfJ.lupSSmk_zz7u71MjQZWMItVJ4HwwT6384uE9HYMFcIkZMcCEhicMuF_dr2BrSf_qxnqrWuZRAnbWkRGSjRbL7aNASsJmD0nHk9aWFAOJJEr9aV1CYe_433Kv3HRdngqc4DQMcsDG493FeF.jmgIyNW1FyvrM3pkP.MCe1n_czIUTS.b7htTRCzFs_foHBkqP_nOJc3ya.6hveGZu713SY7ssY6hliClkQ.vBpo0RE8NfzE6_6DJgggFXAK21lDog1.oKJbrRpHXl0segqAHT7o6.rvJfRsPgfnB.T9NtN6OeRX6igHDgQz5i0Ad5OTCAUXX6w9LNA_slulnajMIT42ZqLYNL59Pc7W.b7KsdFyq_kDJkgAmTcTZinSCBWpK0xLlwih9hkoQytDSO"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9133be643dd33f81';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Bangladesh&__cf_chl_rt_tk=atPtk4nvzaCeRvP7w3g84JYmJi4urf_cKZwBJ_aIvR0-1739773983-1.0.1.1-Cv4BhgUg_q86A0N_3TVVSDtiEGtfMoE17WVea0rz4HU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>