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Leonard</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Jayden Leonard"> <meta name="keywords" content="Jayden Leonard"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Jayden Leonard"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 47</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Jayden Leonard</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Trions in Semiconductor Quantum Dot System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayden%20Leonard">Jayden Leonard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Que%20Huong"> Nguyen Que Huong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we study the Trion state in a spherical quantum dot of a direct band gap semiconductor with a shell of organic material. The electronic structure of the Trion due to degenerate valence band will be considered. The coupling between the wannier exciton inside the dot and the Frenkel exciton in the shell will make the Trion state become hybrid. The competition between “semiconductor” and “organic” phases of the Trion and the transitions between them depend on Parameters of the system such as the materials, the size of the dot and the thickness of the shell, etc… and could be manipulated using those parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trion" title="trion">trion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exciton" title=" exciton"> exciton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20dot" title=" quantum dot"> quantum dot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterostructure" title=" heterostructure"> heterostructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143644/trions-in-semiconductor-quantum-dot-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143644.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Deep Reinforcement Learning with Leonard-Ornstein Processes Based Recommender System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalil%20Bachiri">Khalil Bachiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Yahyaouy"> Ali Yahyaouy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicoleta%20Rogovschi"> Nicoleta Rogovschi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Improved user experience is a goal of contemporary recommender systems. Recommender systems are starting to incorporate reinforcement learning since it easily satisfies this goal of increasing a user’s reward every session. In this paper, we examine the most effective Reinforcement Learning agent tactics on the Movielens (1M) dataset, balancing precision and a variety of recommendations. The absence of variability in final predictions makes simplistic techniques, although able to optimize ranking quality criteria, worthless for consumers of the recommendation system. Utilizing the stochasticity of Leonard-Ornstein processes, our suggested strategy encourages the agent to investigate its surroundings. Research demonstrates that raising the NDCG (Discounted Cumulative Gain) and HR (HitRate) criterion without lowering the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process drift coefficient enhances the diversity of suggestions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recommender%20systems" title="recommender systems">recommender systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforcement%20learning" title=" reinforcement learning"> reinforcement learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DDPG" title=" DDPG"> DDPG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonard-Ornstein%20process" title=" Leonard-Ornstein process"> Leonard-Ornstein process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157614/deep-reinforcement-learning-with-leonard-ornstein-processes-based-recommender-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157614.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> I Feel Pretty: Using Discretization to Unpack Gender Disparity in Musical Theatre - A Study of Leonard Bernstein’s West Side Story</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erin%20McKellar">Erin McKellar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narelle%20Yeo"> Narelle Yeo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gender disparity can be found in the representation of the female characters in Leonard Bernstein’s musical West Side Story. As a postmodern composer, Bernstein was open about his social activism, yet did not consider his compositional portrayal of female characters as part of that activism. Using discretization as an analysis tool, this thesis explores the melodic contours of male and female songs in West Side Story to show differences in complexity between male and female characterisation. The analysis explores the intervallic relationship between the vocal line and melodic color in relation to the accompaniment harmony, taking into consideration the use of consonance and dissonance. West Side Story is commonly known for its distinct use of the tritone motif and its inherent dissonance. It is evident when reviewing the findings of this study that there is a distinct disparity between male-led and female-led music. The male-led numbers consistently adhere to a dissonant aesthetic with the tritone motif implemented in all of the extracted songs. By contrast, the female songs remain consonant with simple intervallic movements. By examining the results of this study through the lens of Equality Feminism, this thesis finds that Bernstein has simplified the characterisations of the female leads. The thesis further proposes that without cognisant consideration of the compositional portrayal of women, the musical theatre will continue to reinforce gender stereotypes, as evident through this study of Bernstein’s West Side Story. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20theatre" title="music theatre">music theatre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20bias" title=" gender bias"> gender bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composition" title=" composition"> composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonard%20Bernstein" title=" Leonard Bernstein"> Leonard Bernstein</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144878/i-feel-pretty-using-discretization-to-unpack-gender-disparity-in-musical-theatre-a-study-of-leonard-bernsteins-west-side-story" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Collation between the Architecture of the Churches and Housing from Antiquity to the Present Day</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaloom%20Mbambu%20Kabeya">Shaloom Mbambu Kabeya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L%C3%A9onard%20Kabeya%20Mukeba"> Léonard Kabeya Mukeba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Churches, cathedrals and castles beaten from antiquity to modern times were relevant from that time to the present day, and preserved as cultural heritage. Our predecessors as François 1er1, Michelangelo2, and Giotto3 left us traces. Gustave Eiffel4, Hector Guimard5 did not decrease their time to show modernization (evolution) in architecture. Plagiarism is a brake on architectural development, construction works of spirits is necessary architecture. This work explains the relationship between ancient and modern architecture. It also shows the power of mathematics in modern architecture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architectural%20modernization" title="architectural modernization">architectural modernization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage" title=" heritage"> heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20architecture" title=" mathematical architecture"> mathematical architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=materials" title=" materials"> materials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14219/collation-between-the-architecture-of-the-churches-and-housing-from-antiquity-to-the-present-day" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14219.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">599</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Artificial Intelligence Ethics: What Business Leaders Need to Consider for the Future</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kylie%20Leonard">Kylie Leonard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Investment in artificial intelligence (AI) can be an attractive opportunity for business leaders as there are many easy-to-see benefits. These benefits include task completion rates, overall cost, and better forecasting. Business leaders are often unaware of the challenges that can accompany AI, such as data center costs, access to data, employee acceptance, and privacy concerns. In addition to the benefits and challenges of AI, it is important to practice AI ethics to ensure the safe creation of AI. AI ethics include aspects of algorithm bias, limits in transparency, and surveillance. To be a good business leader, it is critical to address all the considerations involving the challenges of AI and AI ethics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence%20ethics" title=" artificial intelligence ethics"> artificial intelligence ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20leaders" title=" business leaders"> business leaders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20concerns" title=" business concerns"> business concerns</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144879/artificial-intelligence-ethics-what-business-leaders-need-to-consider-for-the-future" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144879.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Top-K Shortest Distance as a Similarity Measure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrey%20Lebedev">Andrey Lebedev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilya%20Dmitrenok"> Ilya Dmitrenok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JooYoung%20Lee"> JooYoung Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonard%20Johard"> Leonard Johard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Top-k shortest path routing problem is an extension of finding the shortest path in a given network. Shortest path is one of the most essential measures as it reveals the relations between two nodes in a network. However, in many real world networks, whose diameters are small, top-k shortest path is more interesting as it contains more information about the network topology. Many variations to compute top-k shortest paths have been studied. In this paper, we apply an efficient top-k shortest distance routing algorithm to the link prediction problem and test its efficacy. We compare the results with other base line and state-of-the-art methods as well as with the shortest path. Then, we also propose a top-k distance based graph matching algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graph%20matching" title="graph matching">graph matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=link%20prediction" title=" link prediction"> link prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shortest%20path" title=" shortest path"> shortest path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=similarity" title=" similarity"> similarity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63488/top-k-shortest-distance-as-a-similarity-measure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63488.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Modeling of Landslide-Generated Tsunamis in Georgia Strait, Southern British Columbia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Nemati">Fatemeh Nemati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucinda%20%20Leonard"> Lucinda Leonard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gwyn%20Lintern"> Gwyn Lintern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Thomson"> Richard Thomson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we will use modern numerical modeling approaches to estimate tsunami risks to the southern coast of British Columbia from landslides. Wave generation is to be simulated using the NHWAVE model, which solves the Navier-Stokes equations due to the more complex behavior of flow near the landslide source; far-field wave propagation will be simulated using the simpler model FUNWAVE_TVD with high-order Boussinesq-type wave equations, with a focus on the accurate simulation of wave propagation and regional- or coastal-scale inundation predictions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FUNWAVE-TVD" title="FUNWAVE-TVD">FUNWAVE-TVD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landslide-generated%20tsunami" title=" landslide-generated tsunami"> landslide-generated tsunami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NHWAVE" title=" NHWAVE"> NHWAVE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tsunami%20risk" title=" tsunami risk "> tsunami risk </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129053/modeling-of-landslide-generated-tsunamis-in-georgia-strait-southern-british-columbia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129053.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Thermosalient Effect of an Organic Aminonitrile and its Derivatives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukman%20O.%20Alimi">Lukman O. Alimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vincent%20J.%20Smith"> Vincent J. Smith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonard%20J.%20Barbour"> Leonard J. Barbour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The thermosalient effect is an extremely rare propensity of certain crystalline solids for self-actuation by elastic deformation or a ballistic event1. Thermosalient compounds, colloquially known as ‘jumping crystals’ are promising materials for fabrication of actuators that are also being considered as materials for clean energy conversion because of their capabilities to convert thermal energy into mechanical motion directly. Herein, an organic aminonitrile and its derivatives have been probed by a combination of structural, microscopic and thermoanalytical techniques. Crystals of these compounds were analysed by means of single crystal XRD and hotstage microscopy in the temperature range of 100 to 298 K and found to exhibit the thermosalient effect. We also carried out differential scanning calorimetric analysis at the temperature corresponding to that at which the crystal jumps as observed under a hotstage microscope. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aminonitrile" title="aminonitrile">aminonitrile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jumping%20crystal" title=" jumping crystal"> jumping crystal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self%20actuation" title=" self actuation"> self actuation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermosalient%20effect" title=" thermosalient effect"> thermosalient effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34386/thermosalient-effect-of-an-organic-aminonitrile-and-its-derivatives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34386.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">435</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Delamination Fracture Toughness Benefits of Inter-Woven Plies in Composite Laminates Produced through Automated Fibre Placement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayden%20Levy">Jayden Levy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Garth%20M.%20K.%20Pearce"> Garth M. K. Pearce</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An automated fibre placement method has been developed to build through-thickness reinforcement into carbon fibre reinforced plastic laminates during their production, with the goal of increasing delamination fracture toughness while circumventing the additional costs and defects imposed by post-layup stitching and z-pinning. Termed ‘inter-weaving’, the method uses custom placement sequences of thermoset prepreg tows to distribute regular fibre link regions in traditionally clean ply interfaces. Inter-weaving’s impact on mode I delamination fracture toughness was evaluated experimentally through double cantilever beam tests (ASTM standard D5528-13) on [±15°]9 laminates made from Park Electrochemical Corp. E-752-LT 1/4” carbon fibre prepreg tape. Unwoven and inter-woven automated fibre placement samples were compared to those of traditional laminates produced from standard uni-directional plies of the same material system. Unwoven automated fibre placement laminates were found to suffer a mostly constant 3.5% decrease in mode I delamination fracture toughness compared to flat uni-directional plies. Inter-weaving caused significant local fracture toughness increases (up to 50%), though these were offset by a matching overall reduction. These positive and negative behaviours of inter-woven laminates were respectively found to be caused by fibre breakage and matrix deformation at inter-weave sites, and the 3D layering of inter-woven ply interfaces providing numerous paths of least resistance for crack propagation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AFP" title="AFP">AFP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automated%20fibre%20placement" title=" automated fibre placement"> automated fibre placement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delamination" title=" delamination"> delamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture%20toughness" title=" fracture toughness"> fracture toughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inter-weaving" title=" inter-weaving"> inter-weaving</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80136/delamination-fracture-toughness-benefits-of-inter-woven-plies-in-composite-laminates-produced-through-automated-fibre-placement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80136.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Oil Reservoirs Bifurcation Analysis in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Fractal Characterization Approach of Makelekese MS-25 Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonard%20Mike%20McNelly%20Longwa">Leonard Mike McNelly Longwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Divine%20Kusosa%20Musiku"> Divine Kusosa Musiku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Nahum%20Kabeya"> D. Nahum Kabeya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper the bifurcation analysis of oilfield in Democratic Republic of Congo is presented in order to enhance petroleum production in an intense tectonic evolution characterized by distinct compressive and extensive phases and the digenetic transformation in the reservoirs during burial geological configuration. The use of porous media in Makelekese MS-25 field has been established to simulate the boundaries within 3 sedimentary basins open to exploration including the coastal basin with an area of 5992 km2, a central basin with an area of 800,000 km2, the western branch of the East African Rift in which there are 50,000 km2. The fractal characterization of complex hydro-dynamic fractures in oilfield is developed to facilitate oil production process based on reservoirs bifurcation model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoir%20bifurcation" title="reservoir bifurcation">reservoir bifurcation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractal%20characterisation" title=" fractal characterisation"> fractal characterisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeability" title=" permeability"> permeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conductivity" title=" conductivity"> conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20effect" title=" skin effect"> skin effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149759/oil-reservoirs-bifurcation-analysis-in-the-democratic-republic-of-congo-fractal-characterization-approach-of-makelekese-ms-25-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149759.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Oil Reservoirs Bifurcation Analysis in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Fractal Characterization Approach of Makelekese MS-25 Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonard%20Mike%20McNelly%20Longwa">Leonard Mike McNelly Longwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Divine%20Kusosa%20Musiku"> Divine Kusosa Musiku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dieudonne%20Nahum%20Kabeya"> Dieudonne Nahum Kabeya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the bifurcation analysis of oilfields in the Democratic Republic of Congo is presented in order to enhance petroleum production in an intense tectonic evolution characterized by distinct compressive and extensive phases and the digenetic transformation in the reservoirs during burial geological configuration. The use of porous media in the Makelekese MS-25 field has been established to simulate the boundaries within 3 sedimentary basins open to exploration including the coastal basin with an area of 5992 km², a central basin with an area of 800,000 km², the western branch of the East African Rift in which there are 50,000 km². The fractal characterization of complex hydro-dynamic fractures in oilfields is developed to facilitate the oil production process based on the reservoirs bifurcation model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoir%20bifurcation" title="reservoir bifurcation">reservoir bifurcation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractal%20characterization" title=" fractal characterization"> fractal characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeability" title=" permeability"> permeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conductivity" title=" conductivity"> conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20effect" title=" skin effect"> skin effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147045/oil-reservoirs-bifurcation-analysis-in-the-democratic-republic-of-congo-fractal-characterization-approach-of-makelekese-ms-25-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Implementation and Performance Analysis of Data Encryption Standard and RSA Algorithm with Image Steganography and Audio Steganography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20C.%20Sharma">S. C. Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankit%20Gambhir"> Ankit Gambhir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajeev%20Arya"> Rajeev Arya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In today’s era data security is an important concern and most demanding issues because it is essential for people using online banking, e-shopping, reservations etc. The two major techniques that are used for secure communication are Cryptography and Steganography. Cryptographic algorithms scramble the data so that intruder will not able to retrieve it; however steganography covers that data in some cover file so that presence of communication is hidden. This paper presents the implementation of Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman (RSA) Algorithm with Image and Audio Steganography and Data Encryption Standard (DES) Algorithm with Image and Audio Steganography. The coding for both the algorithms have been done using MATLAB and its observed that these techniques performed better than individual techniques. The risk of unauthorized access is alleviated up to a certain extent by using these techniques. These techniques could be used in Banks, RAW agencies etc, where highly confidential data is transferred. Finally, the comparisons of such two techniques are also given in tabular forms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audio%20steganography" title="audio steganography">audio steganography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20security" title=" data security"> data security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DES" title=" DES"> DES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20steganography" title=" image steganography"> image steganography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intruder" title=" intruder"> intruder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RSA" title=" RSA"> RSA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steganography" title=" steganography"> steganography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71013/implementation-and-performance-analysis-of-data-encryption-standard-and-rsa-algorithm-with-image-steganography-and-audio-steganography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71013.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Preliminary Seismic Hazard Mapping of Papua New Guinea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Ghasemi">Hadi Ghasemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Leonard"> Mark Leonard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spiliopoulos%20Spiro"> Spiliopoulos Spiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phil%20Cummins"> Phil Cummins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathew%20Moihoi"> Mathew Moihoi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felix%20Taranu"> Felix Taranu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eric%20Buri"> Eric Buri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20Mckee"> Chris Mckee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study the level of seismic hazard in terms of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) was calculated for return period of 475 years, using modeled seismic sources and assigned ground-motion equations. The calculations were performed for bedrock site conditions (Vs30=760 m/s). From the results it is evident that the seismic hazard reaches its maximum level (i.e. PGA≈1g for 475 yr return period) at the Huon Peninsula and southern New Britain regions. Disaggregation analysis revealed that moderate to large earthquakes occurring along the New Britain Trench mainly control the level of hazard at these locations. The open-source computer program OpenQuake developed by Global Earthquake Model foundation was used for the seismic hazard computations. It should be emphasized that the presented results are still preliminary and should not be interpreted as our final assessment of seismic hazard in PNG. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probabilistic%20seismic%20hazard%20assessment" title="probabilistic seismic hazard assessment">probabilistic seismic hazard assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Papua%20New%20Guinea" title=" Papua New Guinea"> Papua New Guinea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20code" title=" building code"> building code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OpenQuake" title=" OpenQuake"> OpenQuake</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21189/preliminary-seismic-hazard-mapping-of-papua-new-guinea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">556</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Implementation of Elliptic Curve Cryptography Encryption Engine on a FPGA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Khairi%20Ishak">Mohamad Khairi Ishak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conventional public key crypto systems such as RSA (Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard Adleman), DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm), and Elgamal are no longer efficient to be implemented in the small, memory constrained devices. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), which allows smaller key length as compared to conventional public key crypto systems, has thus become a very attractive choice for many applications. This paper describes implementation of an elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) encryption engine on a FPGA. The system has been implemented in 2 different key sizes, which are 131 bits and 163 bits. Area and timing analysis are provided for both key sizes for comparison. The crypto system, which has been implemented on Altera’s EPF10K200SBC600-1, has a hardware size of 5945/9984 and 6913/9984 of logic cells for 131 bits implementation and 163 bits implementation respectively. The crypto system operates up to 43 MHz, and performs point multiplication operation in 11.3 ms for 131 bits implementation and 14.9 ms for 163 bits implementation. In terms of speed, our crypto system is about 8 times faster than the software implementation of the same system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elliptic%20curve%20cryptography" title="elliptic curve cryptography">elliptic curve cryptography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FPGA" title=" FPGA"> FPGA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=key%20sizes" title=" key sizes"> key sizes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory" title=" memory "> memory </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13762/implementation-of-elliptic-curve-cryptography-encryption-engine-on-a-fpga" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13762.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Optimization of Process Parameters for Peroxidase Production by Ensifer Species</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayodeji%20O.%20Falade">Ayodeji O. Falade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonard%20V.%20Mabinya"> Leonard V. Mabinya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uchechukwu%20U.%20Nwodo"> Uchechukwu U. Nwodo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anthony%20I.%20Okoh"> Anthony I. Okoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Given the high utility of peroxidase in several industrial processes, the search for novel microorganisms with enhanced peroxidase production capacity is of keen interest. This study investigated the process conditions for optimum peroxidase production by Ensifer sp, new ligninolytic proteobacteria with peroxidase production potential. Also, some agricultural residues were valorized for peroxidase production under solid state fermentation. Peroxidase production was optimum at an initial medium pH 7, incubation temperature of 30 °C and agitation speed of 100 rpm using alkali lignin fermentation medium supplemented with guaiacol as the most effective inducer and ammonium sulphate as the best inorganic nitrogen. Optimum peroxidase production by Ensifer sp. was attained at 48 h with specific productivity of 12.76 ± 1.09 U mg⁻¹. Interestingly, probable laccase production was observed with optimum specific productivity of 12.76 ± 0.45 U mg⁻¹ at 72 h. The highest peroxidase yield was observed with sawdust as solid substrate under solid state fermentation. In conclusion, Ensifer sp. possesses the capacity for enhanced peroxidase production that can be exploited for various biotechnological applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalase-peroxidase" title="catalase-peroxidase">catalase-peroxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20production" title=" enzyme production"> enzyme production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peroxidase" title=" peroxidase"> peroxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymerase%20chain%20reaction" title=" polymerase chain reaction"> polymerase chain reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proteobacteria" title=" proteobacteria"> proteobacteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76806/optimization-of-process-parameters-for-peroxidase-production-by-ensifer-species" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76806.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Challenges in Experimental Testing of a Stiff, Overconsolidated Clay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Konstadinou">Maria Konstadinou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Etienne%20Alderlieste"> Etienne Alderlieste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anderson%20Peccin%20da%20Silva"> Anderson Peccin da Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20Arntz"> Ben Arntz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonard%20van%20der%20Bijl"> Leonard van der Bijl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wouter%20Verschueren"> Wouter Verschueren</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The shear strength and compression properties of stiff Boom clay from Belgium at the depth of about 30 m has been investigated by means of cone penetration and laboratory testing. The latter consisted of index classification, constant rate of strain, direct, simple shear, and unconfined compression tests. The Boom clay samples exhibited strong swelling tendencies. The suction pressure was measured via different procedures and has been compared to the expected in-situ stress. The undrained shear strength and OCR profile determined from CPTs is not compatible with the experimental measurements, which gave significantly lower values. The observed response can be attributed to the presence of pre-existing discontinuities, as shown in microscale CT scans of the samples. The results of this study demonstrate that the microstructure of the clay prior to testing has an impact on the mechanical behaviour and can cause inconsistencies in the comparison of the laboratory test results with in-situ data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boom%20clay" title="boom clay">boom clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laboratory%20testing" title=" laboratory testing"> laboratory testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overconsolidation%20ratio" title=" overconsolidation ratio"> overconsolidation ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress-strain%20response" title=" stress-strain response"> stress-strain response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling" title=" swelling"> swelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undrained%20shear%20strength" title=" undrained shear strength"> undrained shear strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144267/challenges-in-experimental-testing-of-a-stiff-overconsolidated-clay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Integrating Computational Thinking into Classroom Practice – A Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diane%20Vassallo.">Diane Vassallo.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonard%20Busuttil"> Leonard Busuttil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recent educational developments have seen increasing attention attributed to Computational Thinking (CT) and its integration into primary and secondary school curricula. CT is more than simply being able to use technology but encompasses fundamental Computer Science concepts which are deemed to be very important in developing the correct mindset for our future digital citizens. The case study presented in this article explores the journey of a Maltese secondary school teacher in his efforts to plan, develop and integrate CT within the context of a local classroom. The teacher participant was recruited from the Malta EU Code week summer school, a pilot initiative that stemmed from the EU Code week Team’s Train the Trainer program. The qualitative methodology involved interviews with the participant teacher as well as an analysis of the artefacts created by the students during the lessons. The results shed light on the numerous challenges and obstacles that the teacher encountered in his integration of CT, as well as portray some brilliant examples of good practices which can substantially inform further research and practice around the integration of CT in classroom practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20thinking" title="computational thinking">computational thinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20citizens" title=" digital citizens"> digital citizens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20literacy" title=" digital literacy"> digital literacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20integration" title=" technology integration"> technology integration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143616/integrating-computational-thinking-into-classroom-practice-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143616.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> E-Consumers’ Attribute Non-Attendance Switching Behavior: Effect of Providing Information on Attributes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonard%20Maaya">Leonard Maaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michel%20Meulders"> Michel Meulders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martina%20Vandebroek"> Martina Vandebroek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Discrete Choice Experiments (DCE) are used to investigate how product attributes affect decision-makers’ choices. In DCEs, choice situations consisting of several alternatives are presented from which choice-makers select the preferred alternative. Standard multinomial logit models based on random utility theory can be used to estimate the utilities for the attributes. The overarching principle in these models is that respondents understand and use all the attributes when making choices. However, studies suggest that respondents sometimes ignore some attributes (commonly referred to as Attribute Non-Attendance/ANA). The choice modeling literature presents ANA as a static process, i.e., respondents’ ANA behavior does not change throughout the experiment. However, respondents may ignore attributes due to changing factors like availability of information on attributes, learning/fatigue in experiments, etc. We develop a dynamic mixture latent Markov model to model changes in ANA when information on attributes is provided. The model is illustrated on e-consumers’ webshop choices. The results indicate that the dynamic ANA model describes the behavioral changes better than modeling the impact of information using changes in parameters. Further, we find that providing information on attributes leads to an increase in the attendance probabilities for the investigated attributes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=choice%20models" title="choice models">choice models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20choice%20experiments" title=" discrete choice experiments"> discrete choice experiments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20models" title=" dynamic models"> dynamic models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce" title=" e-commerce"> e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20modeling" title=" statistical modeling"> statistical modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117427/e-consumers-attribute-non-attendance-switching-behavior-effect-of-providing-information-on-attributes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117427.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Entrepreneurship as a Strategy for National Development and Attainment of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Udokporo%20Emeka%20Leonard">Udokporo Emeka Leonard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The thrust of this paper is to examine how entrepreneurship can assist in the attainment of the first goal among the MDGs – eradication of extreme poverty and hunger in Nigeria. The paper discusses how national development can be driven through employment creation and wealth generation that can lead to reduction in widespread poverty so as to attain one crucial target, in fewer years. The task before Nigeria is certainly a herculean one; it is, in fact a race against time. However, in view of the clear and present danger that the increasing rate of poverty portends for our democracy and our nation, is a race we must; for it is a time bomb on our hands. The paper has been structured into sections; with the introduction as section one. Section two discusses the concept of entrepreneurship; Section three examines the link between entrepreneurship and economic development, while section four examines the challenges facing entrepreneurship in Nigeria. In section five, measures and recommendations to boost entrepreneurship that can drive economic development that translates into poverty reduction and employment creation in Nigeria are suggested. This work is a literature review with some understanding of current trends and situations. It outlines some of the difficulties facing entrepreneurship in Nigeria as the operating environment, inadequate understanding and skewed incentive. It also makes recommendations on possible ways to significantly reduce poverty in 2015. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title="development">development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneur" title=" entrepreneur"> entrepreneur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poverty" title=" poverty"> poverty</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41092/entrepreneurship-as-a-strategy-for-national-development-and-attainment-of-millennium-development-goals-mdgs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41092.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> An Overview of the Current Status of Lake Jipe and Its Biodiversity Dilemma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mercy%20Chepkirui">Mercy Chepkirui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Orina"> Paul Orina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robin%20Abell"> Robin Abell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonard%20Akwany"> Leonard Akwany</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tonny%20Orina"> Tonny Orina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mercy%20Matuma"> Mercy Matuma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasowo%20Joseph"> Rasowo Joseph</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lake jipe, a shared water resource between Kenya and Tanzania located at the East African Coast, is under multiple pressures. The lake has receded from 30Km2 to 27.32Km2 due to prolonged dry spells and intensified water abstraction for irrigation and re-route to Mungu ya Nyumba Dam in Tanzania. Agricultural activities have significantly (90%) contributed to the lake levels decline and further affected the lakes’ aquatic biodiversity. Among the most affected are the commercially important endemic fish species of the lake, of which Oreochromis jipe has experienced the greatest decline. Overfishing, use of illegal unreported and unregulated fishing gears, intensified fishing along protected fish breeding areas as well as poor management and uncoordinated conservation efforts have significantly contributed to the decline of fish catches from 348 kg of O. jipe in 2016 to 90 kg daily catches in 2022. Therefore, the lake is on the verge of extinction if no action is taken. This calls for awareness of the significance of the L. Jipe ecosystems and its immediate and long-term benefits. Further, there is a need to revive alternative economic activities, including aquaculture and sustainable agriculture, to offer alternative livelihood to local communities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiversity" title="biodiversity">biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecosystem" title=" ecosystem"> ecosystem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation" title=" conservation"> conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fisheries" title=" fisheries"> fisheries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166100/an-overview-of-the-current-status-of-lake-jipe-and-its-biodiversity-dilemma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166100.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Enhanced Peroxidase Production by Raoultella Species</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayodeji%20O.%20Falade">Ayodeji O. Falade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonard%20V.%20Mabinya"> Leonard V. Mabinya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uchechukwu%20U.%20Nwodo"> Uchechukwu U. Nwodo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anthony%20I.%20Okoh"> Anthony I. Okoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Given the high-utility of peroxidase, its production in large amount is of utmost importance. Over the years, actinomycetes have been the major peroxidase-producing bacteria. Consequently, other classes of bacteria with peroxidase production potentials are underexplored. This study, therefore, sought to enhance peroxidase production by a Raoultella species, a new ligninolytic proteobacteria strain, by determining the optimum culture conditions (initial pH, incubation temperature and agitation speed) for peroxidase production under submerged fermentation using the classical process of one variable at a time and supplementing the fermentation medium with some lignin model and inorganic nitrogen compounds. Subsequently, the time-course assay was carried out under optimized conditions. Then, some agricultural residues were valorized for peroxidase production under solid state fermentation. Peroxidase production was optimal at initial pH 5, incubation temperature of 35 °C and agitation speed of 150 rpm with guaiacol and ammonium chloride as the best inducer and nitrogen supplement respectively. Peroxidase production by the Raoultella species was optimal at 72 h with specific productivity of 16.48 ± 0.89 U mg⁻¹. A simultaneous production of a non-peroxide dependent extracellular enzyme which suggests probable laccase production was observed with specific productivity of 13.63 ± 0.45 U mg⁻¹ while sawdust gave the best peroxidase yield under solid state fermentation. In conclusion, peroxidase production by the Raoultella species was increased by 3.40-fold. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20production" title="enzyme production">enzyme production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ligninolytic%20bacteria" title=" ligninolytic bacteria"> ligninolytic bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peroxidase" title=" peroxidase"> peroxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proteobacteria" title=" proteobacteria"> proteobacteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75251/enhanced-peroxidase-production-by-raoultella-species" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> An Empirical Study of Critical Success Factors for the Adoption of M-Government Services in Tanzania</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fredrick%20Ishengoma">Fredrick Ishengoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonard%20Mselle"> Leonard Mselle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hector%20Mongi"> Hector Mongi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growing number of mobile phone subscribers in Tanzania offers the government a new channel for the delivery of information and government services to citizens, thus mobile Government (m-Government). In Tanzania, m-Government services usage is in the early stages, and factors that influence its adoption are yet to be known. This study seeks to identify and understand the critical success factors (CSFs) that influence citizens’ behavioural intention (BI) to adopt m-Government services in Tanzania. The study employed the mobile services acceptance model (MSAM) and extends it with external factors relevant in the Tanzanian context. A survey questionnaire was used to collect primary data from users of m-Government services in Dar es salaam and Dodoma cities, and 253 responses were received. Data were analyzed by IBM-SPSS AMOS 23.0 software using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings of the study indicate that perceived usefulness, trust, perceived mobility, power distance, quality of service, awareness, perceived cost, personal initiatives, and characteristics significantly influence the BI to adopt m-Government services. However, perceived ease of use was found statistically insignificant to predict BI. Furthermore, the interplay between CSFs, discussion on theoretical and practical implications that follow from the results are presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adoption" title="adoption">adoption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20success%20factors" title=" critical success factors"> critical success factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20equation%20modeling" title=" structural equation modeling"> structural equation modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=m-Government" title=" m-Government"> m-Government</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MSAM" title=" MSAM"> MSAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanzania" title=" Tanzania"> Tanzania</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131567/an-empirical-study-of-critical-success-factors-for-the-adoption-of-m-government-services-in-tanzania" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Modeling Comfort by Thermal Inertia in Eco-Construction for Low-Income People in an Aqueous Environment in the Face of Sustainable Development in Sub-Saharan Africa; Case of the City of Kinshasa, DR Congo</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mbambu%20K.%20Shaloom">Mbambu K. Shaloom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biba%20Kalengo"> Biba Kalengo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pierre%20Echard"> Pierre Echard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olivier%20Gilson"> Olivier Gilson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tshiswaka%20Ngalula"> Tshiswaka Ngalula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L%C3%A9onard%20Kabeya%20Mukeba%20Yakasham"> Léonard Kabeya Mukeba Yakasham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this 21st century, while design and eco-construction continue to be governed by considerations of functionality, safety, comfort and initial investment cost. Today, the principles of sustainable development lead us to think over longer time frames, to take into account new issues and the operating costs of green energy. DR Congo (sub-Saharan Africa) still suffers from the unusability of certain bio-sourced materials (such as bamboo, branches, etc.) and the lack of energy, i.e. 9% of the population has access to electricity and 21% of access to water. Ecoconstruction involves the energy performance of buildings which carry out a dynamic thermal simulation, which targets the different assumptions and conventional parameters (weather, occupancy, materials, thermal comfort, green energies, etc.). The objective of this article is to remedy the thermal, economic and technical artisanal problems in an aqueous environment in the city of Kinshasa. In order to establish a behavioral model to mitigate environmental impacts on architectural modifications and low-cost eco-construction through the approach of innovation and design thinking. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20comfort" title="thermal comfort">thermal comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-sourced%20material" title=" bio-sourced material"> bio-sourced material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-architecture" title=" eco-architecture"> eco-architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-construction" title=" eco-construction"> eco-construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=squatting" title=" squatting"> squatting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20thinking" title=" design thinking"> design thinking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176499/modeling-comfort-by-thermal-inertia-in-eco-construction-for-low-income-people-in-an-aqueous-environment-in-the-face-of-sustainable-development-in-sub-saharan-africa-case-of-the-city-of-kinshasa-dr-congo" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> COVID-19 Pandemic and Disruptions in Nigeria’s Domestic Economic Activities: A Pre-post Empirical Investigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amaefule">Amaefule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonard%20Ifeanyi"> Leonard Ifeanyi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study evaluated the disruptions in Nigeria’s domestic economic activities occasioned by the COVID-19 pandemic: a pre and post-pandemic investigation approach. Domestic economic activities were measured with composite manufacturing purchasing managers index (PMI) and composite non-manufacturing PMI. Production and employment levels indices were proxies for composite manufacturing PMI, while business activities and employment level indices were proxies for non-manufacturing PMI. Data for these indices were sourced from monthly and quarterly publications of the Central Bank of Nigeria for periods covering fifteen (15) months before and 15 months after the outbreak of the virus in Nigeria. Test of equality of means was employed in establishing the significance of the difference of means between the pre and post-pandemic domestic economic activities. Results from the analysis indicated that a significant negative difference exists in each of the measures of domestic economic activities between the pre and post-pandemic periods. These findings, therefore, offer empirical evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted domestic economic activities in Nigeria; thus, it exerts a negative influence on the measures of the nation’s domestic economic activities. The study thus recommended (among other things) that the Nigerian government should focus on policies that would enhance domestic production, employment and enhance business activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domestic%20economic%20activities" title=" domestic economic activities"> domestic economic activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20manufacturing%20indices" title=" composite manufacturing indices"> composite manufacturing indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20non-manufacturing%20indices" title=" composite non-manufacturing indices"> composite non-manufacturing indices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142632/covid-19-pandemic-and-disruptions-in-nigerias-domestic-economic-activities-a-pre-post-empirical-investigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> When Sex Matters: A Comparative Generalized Structural Equation Model (GSEM) for the Determinants of Stunting Amongst Under-fives in Uganda</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vallence%20Ngabo%20M.">Vallence Ngabo M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonard%20Atuhaire"> Leonard Atuhaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Clever%20Rutayisire"> Peter Clever Rutayisire</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main aim of this study was to establish the differences in both the determinants of stunting and the causal mechanism through which the identified determinants influence stunting amongst male and female under-fives in Uganda. Literature shows that male children below the age of five years are at a higher risk of being stunted than their female counterparts. Specifically, studies in Uganda indicate that being a male child is positively associated with stunting, while being a female is negatively associated with stunting. Data for 904 males and 829 females under-fives was extracted form UDHS-2016 survey dataset. Key variables for this study were identified and used in generating relevant models and paths. Structural equation modeling techniques were used in their generalized form (GSEM). The generalized nature necessitated specifying both the family and link functions for each response variable in the system of the model. The sex of the child (b4) was used as a grouping factor and the height for age (HAZ) scores were used to construct the status for stunting of under-fives. The estimated models and path clearly indicated that the set of underlying factors that influence male and female under-fives respectively was different and the path through which they influence stunting was different. However, some of the determinants that influenced stunting amongst male under-fives also influenced stunting amongst the female under-fives. To reduce the stunting problem to the desirable state, it is important to consider the multifaceted and complex nature of the risk factors that influence stunting amongst the under-fives but, more importantly, consider the different sex-specific factors and their causal mechanism or paths through which they influence stunting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stunting" title="stunting">stunting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underfives" title=" underfives"> underfives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sex%20of%20the%20child" title=" sex of the child"> sex of the child</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSEM" title=" GSEM"> GSEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causal%20mechanism" title=" causal mechanism"> causal mechanism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149264/when-sex-matters-a-comparative-generalized-structural-equation-model-gsem-for-the-determinants-of-stunting-amongst-under-fives-in-uganda" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Prediction of Distillation Curve and Reid Vapor Pressure of Dual-Alcohol Gasoline Blends Using Artificial Neural Network for the Determination of Fuel Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonard%20D.%20Agana">Leonard D. Agana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wendell%20Ace%20Dela%20Cruz"> Wendell Ace Dela Cruz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arjan%20C.%20Lingaya"> Arjan C. Lingaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bonifacio%20T.%20Doma%20Jr."> Bonifacio T. Doma Jr.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to study the predict the fuel performance parameters, which include drivability index (DI), vapor lock index (VLI), and vapor lock potential using distillation curve and Reid vapor pressure (RVP) of dual alcohol-gasoline fuel blends. Distillation curve and Reid vapor pressure were predicted using artificial neural networks (ANN) with macroscopic properties such as boiling points, RVP, and molecular weights as the input layers. The ANN consists of 5 hidden layers and was trained using Bayesian regularization. The training mean square error (MSE) and R-value for the ANN of RVP are 91.4113 and 0.9151, respectively, while the training MSE and R-value for the distillation curve are 33.4867 and 0.9927. Fuel performance analysis of the dual alcohol–gasoline blends indicated that highly volatile gasoline blended with dual alcohols results in non-compliant fuel blends with D4814 standard. Mixtures of low-volatile gasoline and 10% methanol or 10% ethanol can still be blended with up to 10% C3 and C4 alcohols. Intermediate volatile gasoline containing 10% methanol or 10% ethanol can still be blended with C3 and C4 alcohols that have low RVPs, such as 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and i-butanol. Biography: Graduate School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapua University, Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila, 1002, Philippines <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20alcohol-gasoline%20blends" title="dual alcohol-gasoline blends">dual alcohol-gasoline blends</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distillation%20curve" title=" distillation curve"> distillation curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reid%20vapor%20pressure" title=" reid vapor pressure"> reid vapor pressure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158823/prediction-of-distillation-curve-and-reid-vapor-pressure-of-dual-alcohol-gasoline-blends-using-artificial-neural-network-for-the-determination-of-fuel-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158823.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Paramedic Strength and Flexibility: Findings of a 6-Month Workplace Exercise Randomised Controlled Trial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayden%20R.%20Hunter">Jayden R. Hunter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20J.%20MacQuarrie"> Alexander J. MacQuarrie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samantha%20C.%20Sheridan"> Samantha C. Sheridan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20High"> Richard High</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carolyn%20Waite"> Carolyn Waite</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Workplace exercise programs have been recommended to improve the musculoskeletal fitness of paramedics with the aim of reducing injury rates, and while they have shown efficacy in other occupations, they have not been delivered and evaluated in Australian paramedics to our best knowledge. This study investigated the effectiveness of a 6-month workplace exercise program (MedicFit; MF) to improve paramedic fitness with or without health coach (HC) support. A group of regional Australian paramedics (n=76; 43 male; mean ± SD 36.5 ± 9.1 years; BMI 28.0 ± 5.4 kg/m²) were randomised at the station level to either exercise with remote health coach support (MFHC; n=30), exercise without health coach support (MF; n=23), or no-exercise control (CON; n=23) groups. MFHC and MF participants received a 6-month, low-moderate intensity resistance and flexibility exercise program to be performed ƒ on station without direct supervision. Available exercise equipment included dumbbells, resistance bands, Swiss balls, medicine balls, kettlebells, BOSU balls, yoga mats, and foam rollers. MFHC and MF participants were also provided with a comprehensive exercise manual including sample exercise sessions aimed at improving musculoskeletal strength and flexibility which included exercise prescription (i.e. sets, reps, duration, load). Changes to upper-body (push-ups), lower-body (wall squat) and core (plank hold) strength and flexibility (back scratch and sit-reach tests) after the 6-month intervention were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA to compare changes between groups and over time. Upper-body (+20.6%; p < 0.01; partial eta squared = 0.34 [large effect]) and lower-body (+40.8%; p < 0.05; partial eta squared = 0.08 (moderate effect)) strength increased significantly with no interaction or group effects. Changes to core strength (+1.4%; p=0.17) and both upper-body (+19.5%; p=0.56) and lower-body (+3.3%; p=0.15) flexibility were non-significant with no interaction or group effects observed. While upper- and lower-body strength improved over the course of the intervention, providing a 6-month workplace exercise program with or without health coach support did not confer any greater strength or flexibility benefits than exercise testing alone (CON). Although exercise adherence was not measured, it is possible that participants require additional methods of support such as face-to-face exercise instruction and guidance and individually-tailored exercise programs to achieve adequate participation and improvements in musculoskeletal fitness. This presents challenges for more remote paramedic stations without regular face-to-face access to suitably qualified exercise professionals, and future research should investigate the effectiveness of other forms of exercise delivery and guidance for these paramedic officers such as remotely-facilitated digital exercise prescription and monitoring. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workplace%20exercise" title="workplace exercise">workplace exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paramedic%20health" title=" paramedic health"> paramedic health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength%20training" title=" strength training"> strength training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexibility%20training" title=" flexibility training"> flexibility training</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102056/paramedic-strength-and-flexibility-findings-of-a-6-month-workplace-exercise-randomised-controlled-trial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102056.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Acceptability of the Carers-ID Intervention for Family Carers of People with Intellectual Disabilities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Linden">Mark Linden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Brown"> Michael Brown</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lynne%20Marsh"> Lynne Marsh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Truesdale"> Maria Truesdale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stuart%20Todd"> Stuart Todd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathan%20Hughes"> Nathan Hughes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trisha%20Forbes"> Trisha Forbes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachel%20Leonard"> Rachel Leonard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Family carers of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) face ongoing challenges in accessing services and often experience poor mental health. Online support programmes may prove effective in addressing the mental health and well-being needs of family carers. This study sought to test the acceptability of a newly developed online support programme for carers of people with intellectual disabilities called Carers-ID. Methods A sequential mixed-methods explanatory design was utilised. An adapted version of the Acceptability of Health Apps among Adolescents (AHAA) Scale was distributed to family carers who had viewed the Carers-ID.com intervention. Following this, participants were invited to take part in an online interview. Interview questions focused on participants’ experiences of using the programme and its acceptability. Qualitative and quantitative data were analysed separately and then brought together through the triangulation protocol developed by Farmer et al (2006). Findings: Seventy family carers responded to the acceptability survey, whilst 10 took part in interviews. Six themes were generated from interviews with family carers. Based on our triangulation, four areas of convergence were identified, these included, programme usability and ease, attitudes towards the programme, perceptions of effectiveness, and programme relatability. Conclusions: In order to be acceptable, online interventions for carers of people with ID need to be accessible, understandable and easy to use, as carers time is precious. Further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of online interventions for family carers, specifically considering which carers the intervention works for, and for whom it may not. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20disability" title="intellectual disability">intellectual disability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20carer" title=" family carer"> family carer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acceptability%20study" title=" acceptability study"> acceptability study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20intervention" title=" online intervention"> online intervention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177579/acceptability-of-the-carers-id-intervention-for-family-carers-of-people-with-intellectual-disabilities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177579.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Experiences of Family Carers of People Intellectual Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Linden">Mark Linden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Brown"> Michael Brown</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lynne%20Marsh"> Lynne Marsh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Truesdale"> Maria Truesdale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stuart%20Todd"> Stuart Todd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nathan%20Hughes"> Nathan Hughes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trisha%20Forbes"> Trisha Forbes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachel%20Leonard"> Rachel Leonard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the already significant strain placed on family carers of people with profound and multiple intellectual disabilities (PMID), given the withdrawal of many services during lockdown. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of family carers of people with PMID during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Online focus groups were conducted with family carers (n=126) from across the UK and the Republic of Ireland. Participants were asked about their experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic, coping strategies, and challenges faced. Focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings: Three themes emerged from our analysis of the data: (i) COVID-19 as a double-edged sword, (ii) The struggle for support (iii) the Constant nature of caring. These included 11 subthemes: (i) ‘COVID-19 as a catalyst for change’, ‘Challenges during COVID-19: dealing with change’, ‘Challenges during COVID-19: fear of COVID-19’, ‘The online environment: the new normal’ (ii) ‘Invisibility of male carers’, ‘Carers supporting carers’, ‘The only service you get is lip service: non-existent services’, ‘Knowing your rights’ (iii) ‘Emotional response to the caring role: Feeling devalued’, ‘Emotional response to the caring role: Desperation of caring’, ‘Multiple demands of the caring role.’ Conclusions: Poor or inconsistent access to services and support has been an ongoing difficulty for many family carers. The COVID-19 pandemic has only further intensified these difficulties, increasing family carers' stress. There is an urgent need to design services, such as online support programs, in partnership with family carers that adequately address their needs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20disabilities" title="intellectual disabilities">intellectual disabilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20carer" title=" family carer"> family carer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disability" title=" disability"> disability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177578/experiences-of-family-carers-of-people-intellectual-disabilities-during-the-covid-19-pandemic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177578.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Determination of Heavy Metal Levels in Carissa spinarum and Toddalia asiatica Used as Herbal Medicines in Kisii and Nyamira Counties Region, Kenya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moses%20A.%20Guto%20Maobe">Moses A. Guto Maobe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonard%20Gitu"> Leonard Gitu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erastus%20Gatebe"> Erastus Gatebe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The plants Carissa spinarum and Toddalia asiatica have historically been used as herbal medicines in Kisii and Nyamira Counties region, Kenya. But, there is limited study about heavy metal contents in their different plant parts. Such information is necessary for proper use of the two plant species as herbal medicines. So, precise determination of heavy metal contents in different part of these herbs is required for quality, efficacy and safety use in the treatment of ailments. The main aim of this study was to standardize the two herbs of interest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of heavy metal contents in the root of Carissa spinarum and Toddalia asiatica. A wet digestion method with concentrated nitric-hydrochloric acid was used for the dissolution of each herb part prior to elemental analysis. Standard solutions of various concentrations of each pure metal of analytical grade arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) were prepared and used. The analysis of As, Cd and Hg in each of two herbs was conducted by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) Shimadzu model No. 6200. Data obtained from root of Carissa spinarum indicated concentration (mgkg⁻¹) of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd) and Mercury (Hg) were 0.87 x 10⁻³, 7.02 x 10⁻⁶ and 0.66 x 10⁻³ respectively. Results obtained from root of Toddalia asiatica showed concentration (mgkg⁻¹) of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd) and Mercury (Hg) were 1.33 x 10⁻³, 7.32 x 10⁻⁶ and 1.13 x 10⁻³, respectively. The permissible limits set by WHO for As, Cd and Hg in herbs are (mgkg⁻¹) < 1 - 5, < 0.3 – 1 and < 0.1- 0.5 respectively. The concentrations of As, Cd, and Hg determined were relatively higher in the root of Toddalia asiatica than the root of Carissa spinarum. It was concluded that levels of heavy metal contents of As, Cd, and Hg in the root of Carissa spinarum and Toddalia asiatica were within permissible limits set by WHO/FAO. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title="heavy metals">heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carissa%20spinarum" title=" Carissa spinarum"> Carissa spinarum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toddalia%20asiatica" title=" Toddalia asiatica"> Toddalia asiatica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wet%20digestion" title=" wet digestion"> wet digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollutants" title=" pollutants"> pollutants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AAS" title=" AAS"> AAS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145356/determination-of-heavy-metal-levels-in-carissa-spinarum-and-toddalia-asiatica-used-as-herbal-medicines-in-kisii-and-nyamira-counties-region-kenya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayden%20Leonard&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayden%20Leonard&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div 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