CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no, maximum-scale=12.0, minimum-scale=.25, user-scalable=yes"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <title>Health : ScienceAlert - The Best in Science News And Amazing Breakthroughs</title> <meta name="description" content="The most important news in medical science. From therapeutic breakthroughs to evidence-based health tips, and studies on nutrition and exercise." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/health" /> <link rel="next" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/health/page/2" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Health : ScienceAlert - The Best in Science News And Amazing Breakthroughs" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The most important news in medical science. From therapeutic breakthroughs to evidence-based health tips, and studies on nutrition and exercise." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.sciencealert.com/health" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="ScienceAlert" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@ScienceAlert" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://www.sciencealert.com/health","url":"https://www.sciencealert.com/health","name":"Health : ScienceAlert - The Best in Science News And Amazing Breakthroughs","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.sciencealert.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.sciencealert.com/health#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.sciencealert.com/health#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/ISSLab.jpg","description":"The most important news in medical science. From therapeutic breakthroughs to evidence-based health tips, and studies on nutrition and exercise.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.sciencealert.com/health#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.sciencealert.com/health#primaryimage","url":"https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/ISSLab.jpg","contentUrl":"https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/ISSLab.jpg","width":1024,"height":415,"caption":"International Space Station"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.sciencealert.com/health#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.sciencealert.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Health"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.sciencealert.com/#website","url":"https://www.sciencealert.com/","name":"ScienceAlert","description":"The Best in Science News and Amazing Breakthroughs","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.sciencealert.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}</script>  <link href="//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net" rel="dns-prefetch"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.privacy-mgmt.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn.privacy-mgmt.com">  <script>"use strict"; function _typeof(t) { return (_typeof = "function" == typeof Symbol && "symbol" == typeof Symbol.iterator ? function (t) { return typeof t } : function (t) { return t && "function" == typeof Symbol && t.constructor === Symbol && t !== Symbol.prototype ? "symbol" : typeof t })(t) } !function () { var t = function () { var t, e, o = [], n = window, r = n; for (; r;) { try { if (r.frames.__tcfapiLocator) { t = r; break } } catch (t) { } if (r === n.top) break; r = r.parent } t || (!function t() { var e = n.document, o = !!n.frames.__tcfapiLocator; if (!o) if (e.body) { var r = e.createElement("iframe"); r.style.cssText = "display:none", r.name = "__tcfapiLocator", e.body.appendChild(r) } else setTimeout(t, 5); return !o }(), n.__tcfapi = function () { for (var t = arguments.length, n = new Array(t), r = 0; r < t; r++)n[r] = arguments[r]; if (!n.length) return o; "setGdprApplies" === n[0] ? n.length > 3 && 2 === parseInt(n[1], 10) && "boolean" == typeof n[3] && (e = n[3], "function" == typeof n[2] && n[2]("set", !0)) : "ping" === n[0] ? "function" == typeof n[2] && n[2]({ gdprApplies: e, cmpLoaded: !1, cmpStatus: "stub" }) : o.push(n) }, n.addEventListener("message", (function (t) { var e = "string" == typeof t.data, o = {}; if (e) try { o = JSON.parse(t.data) } catch (t) { } else o = t.data; var n = "object" === _typeof(o) && null !== o ? o.__tcfapiCall : null; n && window.__tcfapi(n.command, n.version, (function (o, r) { var a = { __tcfapiReturn: { returnValue: o, success: r, callId: n.callId } }; t && t.source && t.source.postMessage && t.source.postMessage(e ? JSON.stringify(a) : a, "*") }), n.parameter) }), !1)) }; "undefined" != typeof module ? module.exports = t : t() }();</script> <script>(function () { var e = false; var c = window; var t = document; function r() { if (!c.frames["__uspapiLocator"]) { if (t.body) { var a = t.body; var e = t.createElement("iframe"); e.style.cssText = "display:none"; e.name = "__uspapiLocator"; a.appendChild(e) } else { setTimeout(r, 5) } } } r(); function p() { var a = arguments; __uspapi.a = __uspapi.a || []; if (!a.length) { return __uspapi.a } else if (a[0] === "ping") { a[2]({ gdprAppliesGlobally: e, cmpLoaded: false }, true) } else { __uspapi.a.push([].slice.apply(a)) } } function l(t) { var r = typeof t.data === "string"; try { var a = r ? JSON.parse(t.data) : t.data; if (a.__cmpCall) { var n = a.__cmpCall; c.__uspapi(n.command, n.parameter, function (a, e) { var c = { __cmpReturn: { returnValue: a, success: e, callId: n.callId } }; t.source.postMessage(r ? JSON.stringify(c) : c, "*") }) } } catch (a) { } } if (typeof __uspapi !== "function") { c.__uspapi = p; __uspapi.msgHandler = l; c.addEventListener("message", l, false) } })();</script> <script>window.__gpp_addFrame = function (e) { if (!window.frames[e]) if (document.body) { var t = document.createElement("iframe"); t.style.cssText = "display:none", t.name = e, document.body.appendChild(t) } else window.setTimeout(window.__gpp_addFrame, 10, e) }, window.__gpp_stub = function () { var e = arguments; if (__gpp.queue = __gpp.queue || [], __gpp.events = __gpp.events || [], !e.length || 1 == e.length && "queue" == e[0]) return __gpp.queue; if (1 == e.length && "events" == e[0]) return __gpp.events; var t = e[0], p = e.length > 1 ? e[1] : null, s = e.length > 2 ? e[2] : null; if ("ping" === t) p({ gppVersion: "1.1", cmpStatus: "stub", cmpDisplayStatus: "hidden", signalStatus: "not ready", supportedAPIs: ["2:tcfeuv2", "5:tcfcav1", "6:uspv1", "7:usnatv1", "8:uscav1", "9:usvav1", "10:uscov1", "11:usutv1", "12:usctv1"], cmpId: 0, sectionList: [], applicableSections: [], gppString: "", parsedSections: {} }, !0); else if ("addEventListener" === t) { "lastId" in __gpp || (__gpp.lastId = 0), __gpp.lastId++; var n = __gpp.lastId; __gpp.events.push({ id: n, callback: p, parameter: s }), p({ eventName: "listenerRegistered", listenerId: n, data: !0, pingData: { gppVersion: "1.1", cmpStatus: "stub", cmpDisplayStatus: "hidden", signalStatus: "not ready", supportedAPIs: ["2:tcfeuv2", "5:tcfcav1", "6:uspv1", "7:usnatv1", "8:uscav1", "9:usvav1", "10:uscov1", "11:usutv1", "12:usctv1"], cmpId: 0, sectionList: [], applicableSections: [], gppString: "", parsedSections: {} } }, !0) } else if ("removeEventListener" === t) { for (var a = !1, i = 0; i < __gpp.events.length; i++)if (__gpp.events[i].id == s) { __gpp.events.splice(i, 1), a = !0; break } p({ eventName: "listenerRemoved", listenerId: s, data: a, pingData: { gppVersion: "1.1", cmpStatus: "stub", cmpDisplayStatus: "hidden", signalStatus: "not ready", supportedAPIs: ["2:tcfeuv2", "5:tcfcav1", "6:uspv1", "7:usnatv1", "8:uscav1", "9:usvav1", "10:uscov1", "11:usutv1", "12:usctv1"], cmpId: 0, sectionList: [], applicableSections: [], gppString: "", parsedSections: {} } }, !0) } else "hasSection" === t ? p(!1, !0) : "getSection" === t || "getField" === t ? p(null, !0) : __gpp.queue.push([].slice.apply(e)) }, window.__gpp_msghandler = function (e) { var t = "string" == typeof e.data; try { var p = t ? JSON.parse(e.data) : e.data } catch (e) { p = null } if ("object" == typeof p && null !== p && "__gppCall" in p) { var s = p.__gppCall; window.__gpp(s.command, (function (p, n) { var a = { __gppReturn: { returnValue: p, success: n, callId: s.callId } }; e.source.postMessage(t ? JSON.stringify(a) : a, "*") }), "parameter" in s ? s.parameter : null, "version" in s ? s.version : "1.1") } }, "__gpp" in window && "function" == typeof window.__gpp || (window.__gpp = window.__gpp_stub, window.addEventListener("message", window.__gpp_msghandler, !1), window.__gpp_addFrame("__gppLocator"));</script> <script>window._sp_queue = [], window._sp_ = { config: { accountId: 1967, baseEndpoint: 'https://cdn.privacy-mgmt.com', usnat: { includeUspApi: true }, gdpr: {}, events: { onMessageChoiceSelect: function () { console.log("[event] onMessageChoiceSelect", arguments) }, onMessageReady: function () { console.log("[event] onMessageReady", arguments) }, onMessageChoiceError: function () { console.log("[event] onMessageChoiceError", arguments) }, onPrivacyManagerAction: function () { console.log("[event] onPrivacyManagerAction", arguments) }, onPMCancel: function () { console.log("[event] onPMCancel", arguments) }, onMessageReceiveData: function () { console.log("[event] onMessageReceiveData", arguments) }, onSPPMObjectReady: function () { console.log("[event] onSPPMObjectReady", arguments) }, onConsentReady: function (message_type, uuid, string, info) { var pmLink = document.getElementById("pmLink"); var listItem = pmLink.closest('.privacy-manage-consent'); // Finds the closest parent with the class 'privacy-manage-consent' // Function to simplify visibility and class management function manageVisibility(visible, onClick) { if (visible) { pmLink.onclick = function(event) { event.preventDefault(); onClick(); }; listItem.classList.add('display-link'); } else { listItem.classList.remove('display-link'); } } if (message_type == "usnat" && info.applies) { manageVisibility(true, function() { window._sp_.usnat.loadPrivacyManagerModal('944880'); }); } else if (message_type == "gdpr" && info.applies) { manageVisibility(true, function() { window._sp_.gdpr.loadPrivacyManagerModal('944879'); }); } else { manageVisibility(false); // Hide everything if conditions are not met } }, onError: function () { console.log("[event] onError", arguments) } } } };</script> <script src='https://cdn.privacy-mgmt.com/unified/wrapperMessagingWithoutDetection.js' async></script> <style> .menu .privacy-manage-consent, .menu .privacy-manage-consent #pmLink { display: none !important; } .menu .privacy-manage-consent.display-link { display: list-item !important; } .menu .privacy-manage-consent.display-link #pmLink { display: inline !important; } </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-light-gray: #ebebeb;--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-yellow: #feba11;--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-pink: #d600b5;--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-blue: #0074c7;--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-deep-blue: #153c84;--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-purple: #8c16b7;--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-green: #6f7d16;--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-teal: #128157;--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-physics-red: #d70e0e;--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-gray: #4f5265;--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-soft-red: #D36F6F;--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-orange: #c74c01;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-size--text-xs: 14px;--wp--preset--font-size--text-sm: 16px;--wp--preset--font-size--text-base: 18px;--wp--preset--font-size--text-lg: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--text-xl: 24px;--wp--preset--font-size--text-2-xl: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--text-3-xl: 40px;--wp--preset--font-size--text-4-xl: 48px;--wp--preset--font-size--text-5-xl: 60px;--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans: 'Open Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans: 'Source Sans Pro', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:root { --wp--style--global--content-size: 1024px;--wp--style--global--wide-size: 1536px; }:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){text-decoration: underline;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding: calc(0.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-sciencealert-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-black) !important;}.has-sciencealert-light-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-light-gray) !important;}.has-sciencealert-yellow-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-yellow) !important;}.has-sciencealert-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-pink) !important;}.has-sciencealert-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-blue) !important;}.has-sciencealert-deep-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-deep-blue) !important;}.has-sciencealert-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-purple) !important;}.has-sciencealert-green-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-green) !important;}.has-sciencealert-teal-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-teal) !important;}.has-sciencealert-physics-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-physics-red) !important;}.has-sciencealert-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-gray) !important;}.has-sciencealert-soft-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-soft-red) !important;}.has-sciencealert-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-orange) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-sciencealert-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-black) !important;}.has-sciencealert-light-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-light-gray) !important;}.has-sciencealert-yellow-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-yellow) !important;}.has-sciencealert-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-pink) !important;}.has-sciencealert-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-blue) !important;}.has-sciencealert-deep-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-deep-blue) !important;}.has-sciencealert-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-purple) !important;}.has-sciencealert-green-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-green) !important;}.has-sciencealert-teal-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-teal) !important;}.has-sciencealert-physics-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-physics-red) !important;}.has-sciencealert-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-gray) !important;}.has-sciencealert-soft-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-soft-red) !important;}.has-sciencealert-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-orange) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-sciencealert-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-black) !important;}.has-sciencealert-light-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-light-gray) !important;}.has-sciencealert-yellow-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-yellow) !important;}.has-sciencealert-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-pink) !important;}.has-sciencealert-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-blue) !important;}.has-sciencealert-deep-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-deep-blue) !important;}.has-sciencealert-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-purple) !important;}.has-sciencealert-green-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-green) !important;}.has-sciencealert-teal-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-teal) !important;}.has-sciencealert-physics-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-physics-red) !important;}.has-sciencealert-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-gray) !important;}.has-sciencealert-soft-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-soft-red) !important;}.has-sciencealert-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--sciencealert-orange) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-text-xs-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--text-xs) !important;}.has-text-sm-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--text-sm) !important;}.has-text-base-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--text-base) !important;}.has-text-lg-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--text-lg) !important;}.has-text-xl-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--text-xl) !important;}.has-text-2-xl-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--text-2-xl) !important;}.has-text-3-xl-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--text-3-xl) !important;}.has-text-4-xl-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--text-4-xl) !important;}.has-text-5-xl-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--text-5-xl) !important;}.has-open-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans) !important;}.has-source-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <style id="google-fonts-css" media="all">@font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(/fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v40/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0C4n.ttf) format('truetype'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 500; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(/fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v40/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjr0C4n.ttf) format('truetype'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(/fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v40/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsgH1y4n.ttf) format('truetype'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Open Sans'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: normal; font-display: swap; src: url(/fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v40/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsg-1y4n.ttf) format('truetype'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Source Sans Pro'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-display: swap; src: url(/fonts.gstatic.com/s/sourcesanspro/v22/6xK3dSBYKcSV-LCoeQqfX1RYOo3aPw.ttf) format('truetype'); } @font-face { font-family: 'Source Sans Pro'; font-style: normal; font-weight: 600; font-display: swap; src: url(/fonts.gstatic.com/s/sourcesanspro/v22/6xKydSBYKcSV-LCoeQqfX1RYOo3i54rAkA.ttf) format('truetype'); } </style> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/health"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ScienceAlert Google News Feed" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/feed/gn/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ScienceAlert Microsoft News Feed" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/feed/msft/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ScienceAlert Samsung News Feed" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/feed/sn/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ScienceAlert Yahoo News Feed" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/feed/yn/" />  <script type="text/javascript"> var ad_variant, pagetemplate = 'listing_hybrid', urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search), forceParam = urlParams.get('force'), tablet = window.innerWidth >= 728 && window.innerWidth < 1024, desktop = window.innerWidth >= 1024, max_ads = false, hybridAllowed = true; window.runHybrid = desktop || hybridAllowed; console.log('runHybrid', window.runHybrid); console.log('forceParam', forceParam); window.reliableConsentGiven = new Promise(function (resolve) { if (typeof window.__tcfapi === 'function') { window.__tcfapi('addEventListener', 2, function (data, success) { if (success && (data.eventStatus === 'tcloaded' || data.eventStatus === 'useractioncomplete')) { resolve({ consent: data }); } }); } }); if ((window.runHybrid && forceParam != 'purch') || forceParam == 'hybrid') { console.log('Hybrid enabled'); ad_variant = "hybrid"; var bordeauxScript = document.createElement('script'); bordeauxScript.defer = true; bordeauxScript.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript'); bordeauxScript.setAttribute('src', 'https://bordeaux.futurecdn.net/bordeaux.js'); document.head.appendChild(bordeauxScript); window.bordeaux = window.bordeaux || {}; window.bordeaux.cmd = window.bordeaux.cmd || []; window.bordeaux.cmd.push(function () { window.bordeaux.setTargeting({ ctype: "section" } ); window.bordeaux.setPageCategory('health' ); window.bordeaux.setPageTemplate('listing_hybrid' ); window.bordeaux.setDelayedIncrementalAds(); window.bordeaux.setSlotActivationDistance(50000); window.bordeaux.init(); }); } else { console.log('Purch enabled'); ad_variant = "purch"; var tmntag = tmntag || {}; tmntag.cmd = tmntag.cmd || []; (function () { var tmnhead = document.createElement('script'); tmnhead.async = true; tmnhead.type = 'text/javascript'; tmnhead.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https:' : 'http:') + '//ads.servebom.com/tmnhead.js'; var node = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; node.parentNode.insertBefore(tmnhead, node); })(); tmntag.cmd.push(function () { tmntag.placement(3546); tmntag.start(); }); } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window._taboola = window._taboola || []; _taboola.push({ homepage: 'auto' }); !function (e, f, u, i) { if (!document.getElementById(i)) { e.async = 1; e.src = u; e.id = i; f.parentNode.insertBefore(e, f); } }(document.createElement('script'), document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0], '//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/sciencealert/loader.js', 'tb_loader_script'); if (window.performance && typeof window.performance.mark == 'function') { window.performance.mark('tbl_ic'); } </script> <script> !function(n,e,i){if(!n){n=n||{},window.permutive=n,n.q=[],n.config=i||{},n.config.apiKey=e,n.config.environment=n.config.environment||"production";for(var o=["addon","identify","track","trigger","query","segment","segments","ready","on","once","user","consent"],r=0;r<o.length;r++){var t=o[r];n[t]=function(e){return function(){var i=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,0);n.q.push({functionName:e,arguments:i})}}(t)}}}(window.permutive,"253158cc-875d-4ed4-a52d-e954eca49313",{ "consentRequired": true }); window.googletag=window.googletag||{},window.googletag.cmd=window.googletag.cmd||[],window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){if(0===window.googletag.pubads().getTargeting("permutive").length){var g=window.localStorage.getItem("_pdfps");window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting("permutive",g?JSON.parse(g):[])}}); </script> <script async src="https://6093eccf-6734-4877-ac8b-83d6d0e27b46.edge.permutive.app/6093eccf-6734-4877-ac8b-83d6d0e27b46-web.js"></script> <script src="https://freyr.futurecdn.net/freyr.js" async></script> <script> window.freyr = window.freyr ? window.freyr : { cmd: [] }; window.freyr.cmd.push(function(){window.freyr.setGaEnabledStatus(false)}) window.freyr.cmd.push(function(){window.freyr.pushAndUpdate('pageLoadEvent', {})}); </script> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2022/08/cropped-sa-rounded-favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2022/08/cropped-sa-rounded-favicon-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2022/08/cropped-sa-rounded-favicon-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2022/08/cropped-sa-rounded-favicon-270x270.png" /> <style id="category-1729041318">*,:after,:before{border:0 solid;box-sizing:border-box}:after,:before{--tw-content:""}:host,html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-feature-settings:normal;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;font-family:ui-sans-serif,system-ui,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji;font-variation-settings:normal;line-height:1.5;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4}body{line-height:inherit;margin:0}hr{border-top-width:1px;color:inherit;height:0}abbr:where([title]){-webkit-text-decoration:underline dotted;text-decoration:underline dotted}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit}b,strong{font-weight:bolder}code,kbd,pre,samp{font-feature-settings:normal;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,Liberation Mono,Courier New,monospace;font-size:1em;font-variation-settings:normal}small{font-size:80%}sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}sub{bottom:-.25em}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-color:inherit;text-indent:0}button,input,optgroup,select,textarea{font-feature-settings:inherit;color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;font-variation-settings:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0;padding:0}button,select{text-transform:none}button,input:where([type=button]),input:where([type=reset]),input:where([type=submit]){-webkit-appearance:button;background-color:transparent;background-image:none}:-moz-focusring{outline:auto}:-moz-ui-invalid{box-shadow:none}progress{vertical-align:baseline}::-webkit-inner-spin-button,::-webkit-outer-spin-button{height:auto}[type=search]{-webkit-appearance:textfield;outline-offset:-2px}::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}::-webkit-file-upload-button{-webkit-appearance:button;font:inherit}summary{display:list-item}blockquote,dd,dl,figure,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,hr,p,pre{margin:0}fieldset{margin:0}fieldset,legend{padding:0}menu,ol,ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}dialog{padding:0}textarea{resize:vertical}input::-moz-placeholder,textarea::-moz-placeholder{color:#9ca3af;opacity:1}input::placeholder,textarea::placeholder{color:#9ca3af;opacity:1}[role=button],button{cursor:pointer}:disabled{cursor:default}audio,canvas,embed,iframe,img,object,svg,video{display:block;vertical-align:middle}img,video{height:auto;max-width:100%}[hidden]{display:none}body{font-family:Open Sans,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-.025em}*,:after,:before{--tw-border-spacing-x:0;--tw-border-spacing-y:0;--tw-translate-x:0;--tw-translate-y:0;--tw-rotate:0;--tw-skew-x:0;--tw-skew-y:0;--tw-scale-x:1;--tw-scale-y:1;--tw-pan-x: ;--tw-pan-y: ;--tw-pinch-zoom: ;--tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity;--tw-gradient-from-position: ;--tw-gradient-via-position: ;--tw-gradient-to-position: ;--tw-ordinal: ;--tw-slashed-zero: ;--tw-numeric-figure: ;--tw-numeric-spacing: ;--tw-numeric-fraction: ;--tw-ring-inset: ;--tw-ring-offset-width:0px;--tw-ring-offset-color:#fff;--tw-ring-color:rgba(59,130,246,.5);--tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000;--tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000;--tw-shadow:0 0 #0000;--tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000;--tw-blur: ;--tw-brightness: ;--tw-contrast: ;--tw-grayscale: ;--tw-hue-rotate: ;--tw-invert: ;--tw-saturate: ;--tw-sepia: ;--tw-drop-shadow: ;--tw-backdrop-blur: ;--tw-backdrop-brightness: ;--tw-backdrop-contrast: ;--tw-backdrop-grayscale: ;--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ;--tw-backdrop-invert: ;--tw-backdrop-opacity: ;--tw-backdrop-saturate: ;--tw-backdrop-sepia: ;--tw-contain-size: ;--tw-contain-layout: ;--tw-contain-paint: ;--tw-contain-style: }::backdrop{--tw-border-spacing-x:0;--tw-border-spacing-y:0;--tw-translate-x:0;--tw-translate-y:0;--tw-rotate:0;--tw-skew-x:0;--tw-skew-y:0;--tw-scale-x:1;--tw-scale-y:1;--tw-pan-x: ;--tw-pan-y: ;--tw-pinch-zoom: ;--tw-scroll-snap-strictness:proximity;--tw-gradient-from-position: ;--tw-gradient-via-position: ;--tw-gradient-to-position: ;--tw-ordinal: ;--tw-slashed-zero: ;--tw-numeric-figure: ;--tw-numeric-spacing: ;--tw-numeric-fraction: ;--tw-ring-inset: ;--tw-ring-offset-width:0px;--tw-ring-offset-color:#fff;--tw-ring-color:rgba(59,130,246,.5);--tw-ring-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000;--tw-ring-shadow:0 0 #0000;--tw-shadow:0 0 #0000;--tw-shadow-colored:0 0 #0000;--tw-blur: ;--tw-brightness: ;--tw-contrast: ;--tw-grayscale: ;--tw-hue-rotate: ;--tw-invert: ;--tw-saturate: ;--tw-sepia: ;--tw-drop-shadow: ;--tw-backdrop-blur: ;--tw-backdrop-brightness: ;--tw-backdrop-contrast: ;--tw-backdrop-grayscale: ;--tw-backdrop-hue-rotate: ;--tw-backdrop-invert: ;--tw-backdrop-opacity: ;--tw-backdrop-saturate: ;--tw-backdrop-sepia: ;--tw-contain-size: ;--tw-contain-layout: ;--tw-contain-paint: ;--tw-contain-style: }.\!container{margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;padding-left:1rem!important;padding-right:1rem!important;width:100%!important}.container{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem;width:100%}@media (min-width:640px){.\!container{max-width:640px!important}.container{max-width:640px}}@media (min-width:768px){.\!container{max-width:768px!important}.container{max-width:768px}}@media (min-width:970px){.\!container{max-width:970px!important}.container{max-width:970px}}@media (min-width:1024px){.\!container{max-width:1024px!important}.container{max-width:1024px}}@media (min-width:1280px){.\!container{max-width:1280px!important}.container{max-width:1280px}}@media (min-width:1536px){.\!container{max-width:1536px!important}.container{max-width:1536px}}.aspect-w-1,.aspect-w-10,.aspect-w-11,.aspect-w-12,.aspect-w-13,.aspect-w-14,.aspect-w-15,.aspect-w-16,.aspect-w-2,.aspect-w-3,.aspect-w-4,.aspect-w-5,.aspect-w-6,.aspect-w-7,.aspect-w-8,.aspect-w-9{padding-bottom:calc(var(--tw-aspect-h)/var(--tw-aspect-w)*100%);position:relative}.aspect-w-10>*,.aspect-w-11>*,.aspect-w-12>*,.aspect-w-13>*,.aspect-w-14>*,.aspect-w-15>*,.aspect-w-16>*,.aspect-w-1>*,.aspect-w-2>*,.aspect-w-3>*,.aspect-w-4>*,.aspect-w-5>*,.aspect-w-6>*,.aspect-w-7>*,.aspect-w-8>*,.aspect-w-9>*{bottom:0;height:100%;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:100%}.aspect-w-16{--tw-aspect-w:16}.aspect-h-9{--tw-aspect-h:9}.pointer-events-none{pointer-events:none}.visible{visibility:visible}.static{position:static}.absolute{position:absolute}.relative{position:relative}.sticky{position:sticky}.-top-1{top:-.25rem}.-top-1px{top:-1px}.-top-2{top:-.4rem}.left-1\/2{left:50%}.right-2{right:.5rem}.top-1\/2{top:50%}.z-20{z-index:20}.float-none{float:none}.m-auto{margin:auto}.mx-auto{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.my-4{margin-bottom:1rem;margin-top:1rem}.my-5{margin-bottom:1.25rem;margin-top:1.25rem}.\!mb-0{margin-bottom:0!important}.\!mt-0{margin-top:0!important}.mb-0\.8{margin-bottom:.8rem}.mb-1{margin-bottom:.25rem}.mb-2\.5{margin-bottom:.625rem}.mb-3{margin-bottom:.75rem}.mb-4{margin-bottom:1rem}.mb-5{margin-bottom:1.25rem}.mb-6{margin-bottom:1.5rem}.mb-7{margin-bottom:1.75rem}.mb-8{margin-bottom:2rem}.mb-9{margin-bottom:2.25rem}.ml-1{margin-left:.25rem}.ml-2{margin-left:.5rem}.ml-3{margin-left:.75rem}.ml-auto{margin-left:auto}.mr-1{margin-right:.25rem}.mr-2{margin-right:.5rem}.mr-3{margin-right:.75rem}.mr-auto{margin-right:auto}.mt-1{margin-top:.25rem}.mt-10{margin-top:2.5rem}.mt-2{margin-top:.5rem}.mt-3{margin-top:.75rem}.mt-4{margin-top:1rem}.mt-5{margin-top:1.25rem}.block{display:block}.inline-block{display:inline-block}.inline{display:inline}.flex{display:flex}.table{display:table}.grid{display:grid}.list-item{display:list-item}.hidden{display:none}.h-14{height:3.5rem}.h-20{height:5rem}.h-36{height:9rem}.h-4{height:1rem}.h-40{height:10rem}.h-5{height:1.25rem}.h-9{height:2.25rem}.h-auto{height:auto}.min-h-screen{min-height:100vh}.w-28{width:7rem}.w-32{width:7.65rem}.w-36{width:9rem}.w-4{width:1rem}.w-40{width:10rem}.w-5{width:1.25rem}.w-52{width:13rem}.w-9{width:2.25rem}.w-full{width:100%}.flex-shrink-0{flex-shrink:0}.-translate-x-1\/2{--tw-translate-x:-50%}.-translate-x-1\/2,.transform{transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y))}.cursor-pointer{cursor:pointer}.resize{resize:both}.appearance-none{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none}.flex-wrap{flex-wrap:wrap}.items-start{align-items:flex-start}.items-end{align-items:flex-end}.items-center{align-items:center}.justify-end{justify-content:flex-end}.justify-center{justify-content:center}.justify-between{justify-content:space-between}.gap-7{gap:1.75rem}.overflow-hidden{overflow:hidden}.rounded-full{border-radius:9999px}.rounded-none{border-radius:0}.rounded-xl{border-radius:.75rem}.border{border-width:1px}.border-0{border-width:0}.border-b{border-bottom-width:1px}.border-l{border-left-width:1px}.border-t{border-top-width:1px}.border-t-3{border-top-width:3px}.border-black{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(0 0 0/var(--tw-border-opacity))}.border-gray-200{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(229 231 235/var(--tw-border-opacity))}.border-sciencealert-yellow{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(254 186 17/var(--tw-border-opacity))}.bg-black{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(0 0 0/var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.bg-sciencealert-light-gray{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(235 235 235/var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.bg-sciencealert-yellow{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(254 186 17/var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.bg-transparent{background-color:transparent}.bg-white{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(255 255 255/var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.fill-current{fill:currentColor}.object-cover{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.p-3{padding:.75rem}.p-4{padding:1rem}.px-3{padding-left:.75rem;padding-right:.75rem}.px-4{padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem}.py-0\.5{padding-bottom:.1rem;padding-top:.1rem}.py-2{padding-bottom:.5rem;padding-top:.5rem}.py-5{padding-bottom:1.25rem;padding-top:1.25rem}.pb-2{padding-bottom:.5rem}.pb-2\.5{padding-bottom:.625rem}.pb-3{padding-bottom:.75rem}.pb-5{padding-bottom:1.25rem}.pl-4{padding-left:1rem}.pl-5{padding-left:1.25rem}.pr-4{padding-right:1rem}.pt-1{padding-top:.25rem}.pt-2{padding-top:.5rem}.pt-3\.5{padding-top:.875rem}.pt-4{padding-top:1rem}.pt-5{padding-top:1.25rem}.text-left{text-align:left}.text-center{text-align:center}.font-open-sans{font-family:Open Sans,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.font-source-sans{font-family:Source Sans Pro,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.text-3xl{font-size:1.875rem}.text-base{font-size:1rem}.text-body{font-size:18px;line-height:27px}.text-body-md{font-size:16px;line-height:24px}.text-body-sm{font-size:14px;line-height:22px}.text-body-xs{font-size:12px;line-height:18px}.text-h1{font-size:40px;line-height:42px}.text-h2{font-size:30px;line-height:32px}.text-h3{font-size:26px;line-height:30px}.text-h4{font-size:22px;line-height:24px}.text-h5{font-size:20px;line-height:22px}.text-h6{font-size:17px;line-height:19px}.text-lg{font-size:1.15rem}.text-sm{font-size:.8rem}.text-tiny{font-size:.95rem}.text-xs{font-size:.75rem}.font-medium{font-weight:500}.font-normal{font-weight:400}.font-semibold{font-weight:600}.uppercase{text-transform:uppercase}.lowercase{text-transform:lowercase}.capitalize{text-transform:capitalize}.italic{font-style:italic}.leading-5{line-height:1.25rem}.tracking-wide{letter-spacing:.01em}.text-black{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(0 0 0/var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-blue{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(0 86 137/var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-500{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(107 114 128/var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-gray-600{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(75 85 99/var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-light-black{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(51 51 51/var(--tw-text-opacity))}.text-white{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(255 255 255/var(--tw-text-opacity))}.underline{text-decoration-line:underline}.subpixel-antialiased{-webkit-font-smoothing:auto;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:auto}.outline-none{outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px}.filter{filter:var(--tw-blur) var(--tw-brightness) var(--tw-contrast) var(--tw-grayscale) var(--tw-hue-rotate) var(--tw-invert) var(--tw-saturate) var(--tw-sepia) var(--tw-drop-shadow)}.max-w-science{max-width:1002px}.text-legibility{text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}.min-h-img-caption{min-height:21px}.col-span-sidebar{width:300px}.h1,.h1 a,.h2,.h2 a,.h3,.h3 a,.h4,.h4 a,.h5,.h5 a,.h6,.h6 a,h1,h1 a,h2,h2 a,h3,h3 a,h4,h4 a,h5,h5 a,h6,h6 a{font-family:Source Sans Pro,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}b,strong{font-weight:700}button,input,textarea{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;border-radius:0}#wpadminbar{z-index:9999999}sub,sup{font-size:70%!important}sub{bottom:-.35em;right:-.5px}sup{top:-.5em}blockquote sup{right:-3px}.mc-form-wrap.sm\:my-9{margin-bottom:1.5rem;margin-top:1.5rem}.sa-pagination.sm\:mt-9{margin-top:1.5rem}.windows:not(.single-post) .article-date{margin-top:2px}.ios:not(.single-post) .article-date,.mac-os:not(.single-post) .article-date{margin-top:1px}.menu .donotsell{display:none}.menu .donotsell:last-of-type{display:inline-block}.site-header{box-shadow:0 2px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.15);z-index:9999999}.site-header .custom-logo__mob{height:26px}.site-header .menu-btn{width:35px}.site-header .menu-btn .menu-btn-burger{display:block;left:-1px;position:relative}.site-header .menu-btn .menu-btn-close{display:none;left:-1px;position:relative}@media (min-width:640px){.site-header .menu-btn .menu-btn-close{left:-3px}}.site-header .menu-btn.active .menu-btn-burger{display:none}.site-header .menu-btn.active .menu-btn-close{display:block}.nav-container{display:none;z-index:9999998}.nav-container.show{display:block}.nav-container:after{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(0 0 0/var(--tw-bg-opacity));content:"";height:100vh;left:0;opacity:.2;position:fixed;top:0;width:100vw}.nav-container .main-navigation{left:0;padding:1.25rem 1rem;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%}@media (min-width:640px){.nav-container .main-navigation{padding:1.25rem}}.nav-container .main-navigation{box-shadow:0 2px 7px rgba(0,0,0,.15);max-width:440px;z-index:1}@media (min-width:640px){.nav-container .main-navigation{left:1rem}}.nav-container .main-navigation .menu-main .menu{display:grid;flex-basis:0;flex-grow:1;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;max-width:100%}.nav-container .main-navigation .menu-main .menu li{margin-bottom:.75rem;padding-right:.75rem}.nav-container .main-navigation .menu-main .menu li a{font-family:Source Sans Pro,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:22px;font-weight:600;line-height:24px}.nav-container .main-navigation .menu-main .menu li span{margin-left:3px;top:-2px}.nav-container .main-navigation .menu-main .menu li.tech svg use{fill:#d600b5}.nav-container .main-navigation .menu-main .menu li.health svg use{fill:#0074c7}.nav-container .main-navigation .menu-main .menu li.space svg use{fill:#153c84}.nav-container .main-navigation .menu-main .menu li.humans svg use{fill:#8c16b7}.nav-container .main-navigation .menu-main .menu li.nature svg use{fill:#6f7d16}.nav-container .main-navigation .menu-main .menu li.environment svg use{fill:#128157}.nav-container .main-navigation .menu-main .menu li.physics svg use{fill:#d70e0e}.nav-container .main-navigation .menu-main .menu li.opinion svg use{fill:#4f5265}.nav-container .main-navigation .menu-main .menu li.explainer svg use{fill:#d36f6f}.nav-container .main-navigation .menu-main .menu li.politics svg use{fill:#c74c01}.nav-container .menu-general .menu{display:grid;flex-basis:0;flex-grow:1;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;max-width:100%}.nav-container .menu-general .menu li{padding-right:.75rem}.nav-container .menu-general .menu li a{font-family:Source Sans Pro,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:22px;font-weight:600;line-height:24px}.nav-container .menu-follow-us .menu{display:flex}.nav-container .menu-follow-us .menu li{margin-left:.75rem}.nav-container .menu-main-footer .menu{display:flex;justify-content:center}.nav-container .menu-main-footer .menu li{margin-right:.75rem}@media (min-width:1024px){.nav-container .menu-main-footer .menu li{margin-right:1rem}}.nav-container .menu-main-footer .menu li a{font-size:14px;line-height:22px}.nav-container .menu-main-footer .menu li:last-child{margin-right:0}.nav-container .subscribe-form .signup-email{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(0 0 0/var(--tw-text-opacity));font-size:14px;line-height:22px;outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;width:calc(100% - 144px)}@media (min-width:640px){.nav-container .subscribe-form .signup-email{font-size:16px;line-height:24px}}.nav-container .subscribe-form .signup-email::-moz-placeholder{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(0 0 0/var(--tw-text-opacity));font-size:14px;line-height:22px}.nav-container .subscribe-form .signup-email::placeholder{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(0 0 0/var(--tw-text-opacity));font-size:14px;line-height:22px}@media (min-width:640px){.nav-container .subscribe-form .signup-email::-moz-placeholder{font-size:16px;line-height:24px}.nav-container .subscribe-form .signup-email::placeholder{font-size:16px;line-height:24px}}#search-modal{display:none}#search-modal.show{display:flex}@media (min-width:1024px){#search-modal .search-sa-logo{margin-left:130px}}#search-modal .search-input{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(0 0 0/var(--tw-text-opacity));font-size:16px;line-height:24px;width:270px}#search-modal .search-input::-moz-placeholder{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(0 0 0/var(--tw-text-opacity));font-size:16px;line-height:24px}#search-modal .search-input::placeholder{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(0 0 0/var(--tw-text-opacity));font-size:16px;line-height:24px}#search-modal .close-btn{margin-right:-3px;top:1px}#search-modal-mob{display:none}#search-modal-mob.show{display:flex}#search-modal-mob .search-input{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(0 0 0/var(--tw-text-opacity));font-size:16px;line-height:24px}#search-modal-mob .search-input::-moz-placeholder{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(0 0 0/var(--tw-text-opacity));font-size:16px;line-height:24px}#search-modal-mob .search-input::placeholder{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(0 0 0/var(--tw-text-opacity));font-size:16px;line-height:24px}.search-btn-mob.active .search-btn-mob-open{display:none}.search-btn-mob .search-btn-mob-open,.search-btn-mob.active .search-btn-mob-close{display:block}.search-btn-mob .search-btn-mob-close{display:none}.page-template-page-search .gsc-control-cse form.gsc-search-box{border:0;border-radius:0}.page-template-page-search .gsc-control-cse .gsc-input{border:0;border-radius:0;padding-right:0}.page-template-page-search .gsc-control-cse .gsc-input .gsc-input-box{border-radius:0;display:block;padding:2px}.page-template-page-search .gsc-control-cse .gsc-input .gsc-input-box input{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;border:0;border-radius:0}.page-template-page-search .gsc-control-cse .gsc-search-button{height:39px;margin:0;padding:0}.page-template-page-search .gsc-control-cse .gsc-search-button .gsc-search-button-v2{align-items:center;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;border:0;border-radius:0;display:flex;justify-content:center;min-width:67px}.page-template-page-search .gsc-control-cse .gs-image{border:none}.page-template-page-search .gsc-control-cse .gs-image-box{margin-right:5px}.col-span-sidebar.sidebar-gap>*{margin-bottom:2.25rem}.col-span-sidebar.sidebar-gap>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}body:not(.home) .col-span-sidebar.sidebar-gap .sticky-ad-container .sticky-ad{margin-bottom:0!important}.site-main{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(255 255 255/var(--tw-bg-opacity));margin:1rem auto;max-width:1002px;padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem;width:100%}.archive #taboola-below-home-thumbnails,.home #taboola-below-home-thumbnails,.page #taboola-below-article-thumbnails-2nd,.page-template #taboola-below-home-thumbnails,.page-template-default #taboola-below-home-thumbnails,.single-post #taboola-below-article-thumbnails-2nd{margin-top:1.3rem}.single-post #taboola-below-article-thumbnails-2nd{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}#taboola-below-home-thumbnails[data-feed-main-container-id=taboola-below-home-thumbnails].tbl-feed-full-width{margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}#taboola-below-home-thumbnails{background-color:#fff}.page .post-content .ad-slot--container,.page .post-content .ad-slot--container-content,.single-post .post-content .ad-slot--container,.single-post .post-content .ad-slot--container-content{display:block;margin-bottom:0}.page .post-content .ad-slot--container-content>*,.page .post-content .ad-slot--container>*,.single-post .post-content .ad-slot--container-content>*,.single-post .post-content .ad-slot--container>*{margin-bottom:0}.page .post-content .ad-slot--container .bordeaux-filled-slot,.page .post-content .ad-slot--container-content .bordeaux-filled-slot,.single-post .post-content .ad-slot--container .bordeaux-filled-slot,.single-post .post-content .ad-slot--container-content .bordeaux-filled-slot{margin-bottom:10px!important;margin-top:10px!important}.page .post-content .ad-slot--container .ad-slot iframe,.page .post-content .ad-slot--container-content .ad-slot iframe,.single-post .post-content .ad-slot--container .ad-slot iframe,.single-post .post-content .ad-slot--container-content .ad-slot iframe{margin-bottom:0!important}.page .post-content div .ad-slot--content,.page .post-content div .priad,.page .post-content div .priad-1,.single-post .post-content div .ad-slot--content,.single-post .post-content div .priad,.single-post .post-content div .priad-1{text-align:center}@media (max-width:640px){.ad-slot{display:flex;justify-content:center;margin:.5rem 0}}.ad-slot>*{display:block;margin:auto}.force-100{border-bottom:1px solid #e5e7eb;margin-bottom:1.5rem;padding-top:.75rem}@media (max-width:640px){.force-100{padding-top:0}}.force-100>div{display:flex}@media (max-width:640px){.force-100>div{margin-top:0}}.add-height-1000{height:1200px}.add-height-1000 *{position:sticky;top:35px}.fixed-active{position:fixed;top:35px}#Purch_Y_L_1_2>div{display:inline-block}.sticky-ad{margin-bottom:2.25rem!important;position:sticky;top:35px}@media (min-width:970px){.Purch_Y_L_1_1-container,body.home .Purch_Y_C_0_1-container{align-items:center;background:#f7f7f7;display:flex;justify-content:center;min-height:250px}}@media (max-width:640px){.Purch_Y_C_0_1{min-height:250px}}.sticky-ad.mrec1>div:first-child{margin-bottom:2.25rem}.ad-slot--container-mrec-1{min-height:250px}@media (max-width:640px){.single.single-post.postid-88727 .post-content div .ad-slot--content .bordeaux-slot.bordeaux-filled-slot,.single.single-post.postid-88727 .post-content div .priad .bordeaux-slot.bordeaux-filled-slot,.single.single-post.postid-88727 .post-content div .priad-1 .bordeaux-slot.bordeaux-filled-slot,.single.single-post.postid-88746 .post-content div .ad-slot--content,.single.single-post.postid-88746 .post-content div .priad,.single.single-post.postid-88746 .post-content div .priad-1{padding-bottom:50px}}@media (max-width:1023px){#taboola-below-article-thumbnails-2nd{margin:0 -16px!important;max-width:100vw!important;overflow:hidden;padding:0 16px!important}}#iubenda_policy .iub_content{padding:0!important}#iubenda_policy .iub_content .iub_footer{padding:24px 0 0!important}#iubenda_policy .iub_content .iub_footer p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}#iubenda_policy.iubenda_fluid_policy .iub_container{margin-bottom:0!important;margin-top:0!important}.page #iubenda_policy ul li ul li:before,.page #iubenda_policy ul li:before,.page #iubenda_policy ul.styled li ul li:before,.page #iubenda_policy ul.styled li:before,.single-post #iubenda_policy ul li ul li:before,.single-post #iubenda_policy ul li:before,.single-post #iubenda_policy ul.styled li ul li:before,.single-post #iubenda_policy ul.styled li:before{content:none;display:none}.posts-by-years-months{background-color:#fff;position:relative;z-index:9}.posts-by-years-months .years:last-child{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-bottom-width:3px;border-color:rgb(254 186 17/var(--tw-border-opacity))}.posts-by-years-months .years .year .svg-icon{--tw-rotate:180deg}.posts-by-years-months .years .year .svg-icon,.posts-by-years-months .years .year.active .svg-icon{transform:translate(var(--tw-translate-x),var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y))}.posts-by-years-months .years .year.active .svg-icon{--tw-rotate:0deg}.trending-news__inner{margin-bottom:1rem}.trending-news__inner:first-child{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgb(209 213 219/var(--tw-border-opacity));border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.75rem}.trending-news__inner:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.sa-pagination{text-align:center}.sa-pagination>.page-numbers{--tw-text-opacity:1;border-radius:.375rem;color:rgb(0 0 0/var(--tw-text-opacity));display:inline-block;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;margin-left:.125rem;margin-right:.125rem;padding:.25rem;text-align:center}@media (min-width:768px){.sa-pagination>.page-numbers{font-size:16px;line-height:24px;margin-left:.25rem;margin-right:.25rem}}.sa-pagination>.page-numbers{min-width:32px}.sa-pagination>.page-numbers.current{--tw-bg-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(254 186 17/var(--tw-bg-opacity))}.filter-box form .svg-icon{margin-top:-2px}.filter-box form select{padding:.75rem 2.5rem .75rem 1rem}.filter-box form .input-filter,.filter-box form select{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;border-radius:0;border-width:0;outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px}.filter-box form .input-filter{--tw-bg-opacity:1;--tw-text-opacity:1;background-color:rgb(0 0 0/var(--tw-bg-opacity));color:rgb(255 255 255/var(--tw-text-opacity));cursor:pointer;font-family:Source Sans Pro,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:600;height:3rem;letter-spacing:1px;padding:.5rem 1rem}#mc_embed_signup .sa-icon-mob{height:50px;width:50px}#mc_embed_signup .subscribe-form .sa-icon{height:87px;width:87px}#mc_embed_signup .subscribe-form .signup-email{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(0 0 0/var(--tw-text-opacity));font-size:14px;line-height:22px;outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;width:calc(100% - 126px)}@media (min-width:640px){#mc_embed_signup .subscribe-form .signup-email{font-size:18px;line-height:27px;width:calc(100% - 180px)}}#mc_embed_signup .subscribe-form .signup-email::-moz-placeholder{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(0 0 0/var(--tw-text-opacity));font-size:14px;line-height:22px}#mc_embed_signup .subscribe-form .signup-email::placeholder{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(0 0 0/var(--tw-text-opacity));font-size:14px;line-height:22px}@media (min-width:640px){#mc_embed_signup .subscribe-form .signup-email::-moz-placeholder{font-size:18px;line-height:27px}#mc_embed_signup .subscribe-form .signup-email::placeholder{font-size:18px;line-height:27px}}.archive .post,.page-template-page-archive .post{--tw-border-opacity:1;border-bottom-width:1px;border-color:rgb(229 231 235/var(--tw-border-opacity))}.archive .post:first-child,.page-template-page-archive .post:first-child{border-bottom-width:1px;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:1.5rem}.archive .post:last-child,.page-template-page-archive .post:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.archive aside .sticky-ad-container,.page-template-page-archive aside .sticky-ad-container{height:1200px;position:relative}.archive aside .sticky-el div[class*=Future_ScienceAlert],.page-template-page-archive aside .sticky-el div[class*=Future_ScienceAlert]{margin-top:0}.archive .list-of-days li a,.page-template-page-archive .list-of-days li a{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:rgb(0 86 137/var(--tw-text-opacity))}.archive .list-of-days:last-child li:last-child span,.page-template-page-archive .list-of-days:last-child li:last-child span{padding-bottom:0!important}.archive .filter-box .select-month,.page-template-page-archive .filter-box .select-month{min-width:none}.archive.category .site-main .grid-col-0,.archive.category .site-main .grid-col-4{margin-bottom:1.25rem}@media (min-width:640px){.archive.category .site-main .grid-col-0,.archive.category .site-main .grid-col-4{margin-bottom:2.25rem}}.sticky-el>.bordeaux-slot{height:unset!important}@media (min-width:640px){.sm\:-top-3{top:-.75rem}.sm\:my-9{margin-bottom:2.25rem;margin-top:2.25rem}.sm\:mb-0{margin-bottom:0}.sm\:mb-6{margin-bottom:1.5rem}.sm\:mb-7{margin-bottom:1.75rem}.sm\:mb-9{margin-bottom:2.25rem}.sm\:ml-6{margin-left:1.5rem}.sm\:mr-4{margin-right:1rem}.sm\:mt-0{margin-top:0}.sm\:mt-2{margin-top:.5rem}.sm\:mt-3{margin-top:.75rem}.sm\:mt-9{margin-top:2.25rem}.sm\:block{display:block}.sm\:flex{display:flex}.sm\:hidden{display:none}.sm\:h-11{height:2.75rem}.sm\:w-36{width:9rem}.sm\:px-6{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem}.sm\:py-7{padding-bottom:1.75rem;padding-top:1.75rem}.sm\:pb-6{padding-bottom:1.5rem}.sm\:pt-2{padding-top:.5rem}.sm\:pt-9{padding-top:2.25rem}.sm\:text-body{font-size:18px;line-height:27px}.sm\:text-body-md{font-size:16px;line-height:24px}.sm\:text-body-sm{font-size:14px;line-height:22px}.sm\:text-h1{font-size:40px;line-height:42px}.sm\:text-h2{font-size:30px;line-height:32px}.sm\:text-h3{font-size:26px;line-height:30px}.sm\:header-h{height:60px}}@media (min-width:768px){.md\:float-left{float:left}.md\:mb-0{margin-bottom:0}.md\:ml-0{margin-left:0}.md\:mr-4{margin-right:1rem}.md\:h-32{height:8rem}.md\:h-auto{height:auto}.md\:w-56{width:14.407rem}.md\:text-body-md{font-size:16px;line-height:24px}}@media (min-width:970px){.ad-desktop\:block{display:block}.ad-desktop\:hidden{display:none}}@media (min-width:1024px){.lg\:mb-0{margin-bottom:0}.lg\:mb-3{margin-bottom:.75rem}.lg\:mr-0{margin-right:0}.lg\:block{display:block}.lg\:flex{display:flex}.lg\:hidden{display:none}.lg\:h-80{height:20rem}.lg\:w-full{width:100%}.lg\:grid-cols-4{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr))}.lg\:grid-cols-container{grid-template-columns:1fr 300px}.lg\:gap-4{gap:1rem}.lg\:border-none{border-style:none}.lg\:object-cover{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.lg\:pb-0{padding-bottom:0}.lg\:text-h5{font-size:20px;line-height:22px}}</style> <style id="print-1715735587">@media print{body{background:#fff;color:#000;margin:0}#mc_embed_signup,#taboola-below-home-thumbnails,#taboola-content,.ad-slot,.col-span-sidebar,.heading-bi,.vpaid-player-container,.wp_rss_retriever,[data-feed-main-container-id=taboola-below-article-thumbnails-2nd],body>*{display:none}#main{display:block}.Purch_Y_C_0_1{display:none!important}}</style> </head> <body class="archive category category-health category-3 min-h-screen bg-white text-base text-black subpixel-antialiased has-sticky-ad"> <header id="masthead" class="site-header bg-white h-14 sm:header-h flex items-center relative"> <a aria-label="ScienceAlert homepage" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/" rel="home" class="custom-logo inline-block absolute left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 z-20"> <span class="hidden sm:block relative -top-1"> <span class="hidden"> <svg class="" id="sciencealert-logo-desktop-svg" width="230" height="36" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g fill-rule="nonzero" fill="none"><g fill="#000"><path d="M63.11 10.37H49.12v4.71h7.96v14.88h-7.96v4.71h21.39v-4.71h-7.4zM60.1 7.48c1.35 0 2.3-.29 2.86-.86.55-.57.83-1.26.83-2.07V3.47c0-.81-.28-1.5-.83-2.07C62.4.83 61.45.54 60.1.54c-1.35 0-2.3.29-2.86.86-.56.57-.83 1.26-.83 2.07v1.08c0 .81.28 1.5.83 2.07.55.57 1.51.86 2.86.86ZM91.35 13.16c-.99-1.07-2.19-1.9-3.6-2.48-1.41-.58-3-.87-4.76-.87-1.79 0-3.4.3-4.83.89-1.43.6-2.65 1.44-3.65 2.54-1.01 1.1-1.78 2.43-2.33 4-.55 1.57-.82 3.34-.82 5.32 0 1.95.27 3.7.8 5.25.53 1.55 1.31 2.88 2.33 3.98s2.28 1.95 3.79 2.54c1.51.6 3.23.89 5.18.89 2.57 0 4.7-.45 6.38-1.36 1.68-.9 2.96-2 3.84-3.28l-3.44-3.42c-.72 1-1.62 1.81-2.71 2.43-1.08.61-2.38.92-3.89.92-1.98 0-3.52-.54-4.62-1.62s-1.65-2.5-1.65-4.26v-.61h17.05v-1.98c0-1.83-.27-3.5-.8-5.01-.52-1.51-1.28-2.8-2.27-3.87Zm-2.95 7.29H77.38v-.33c0-1.77.52-3.2 1.55-4.27 1.04-1.08 2.4-1.61 4.1-1.61 1.66 0 2.97.52 3.93 1.57.96 1.04 1.44 2.45 1.44 4.22v.42ZM137.54 29.35c-.86.66-2.02.99-3.46.99-1.85 0-3.26-.53-4.22-1.58s-1.44-2.46-1.44-4.22V20.5c0-1.79.48-3.2 1.44-4.24s2.33-1.55 4.12-1.55c1.38 0 2.47.32 3.27.97.8.64 1.42 1.48 1.86 2.52l4.66-2.54c-.82-1.76-2.01-3.17-3.58-4.24-1.57-1.07-3.64-1.6-6.22-1.6-1.85 0-3.51.3-4.97.89-1.46.6-2.7 1.44-3.72 2.54s-1.81 2.43-2.36 4c-.55 1.57-.82 3.33-.82 5.27 0 1.95.27 3.71.82 5.27.55 1.57 1.33 2.9 2.36 4 1.02 1.1 2.27 1.95 3.74 2.54 1.48.6 3.14.89 4.99.89 2.64 0 4.78-.54 6.43-1.62 1.65-1.08 2.88-2.49 3.7-4.22l-4.52-2.68c-.52 1.11-1.22 1.99-2.08 2.65ZM108.97 9.69h-.23c-4.44.04-6.94 1.33-8.41 2.89-1.49 1.59-2.24 3.85-2.24 6.81v15.68h6.03V20.2c0-2.03.51-3.47 1.52-4.33l.01.01c.45-.33.97-.57 1.53-.73.52-.15 1.07-.22 1.65-.23.58.01 1.13.09 1.65.23.57.16 1.08.4 1.53.73l-.02-.04c1.03.86 1.55 2.31 1.55 4.36v14.87h6.03V19.39c0-2.95-.75-5.22-2.24-6.81-1.47-1.57-4.3-2.86-8.36-2.89ZM35.49 14.9a7.62 7.62 0 0 1 7.21 5.17h5.34c-1.15-5.89-6.33-10.33-12.55-10.33-7.06 0-12.79 5.73-12.79 12.79 0 7.06 5.73 12.79 12.79 12.79 6.13 0 11.26-4.32 12.5-10.08h-5.37c-1.09 2.87-3.87 4.92-7.12 4.92-4.2 0-7.62-3.42-7.62-7.62-.01-4.22 3.41-7.64 7.61-7.64ZM15.93 20.41c-1.21-.35-2.73-.61-4.56-.79-.06-.02-.13-.02-.19-.02h-.17c-.13-.02-.25-.03-.37-.04-.12-.01-.24-.02-.37-.04-1.22-.11-2.16-.22-2.8-.32-.64-.1-1.18-.3-1.61-.58-.43-.29-.64-.7-.64-1.24 0-.84.39-1.48 1.17-1.91.78-.43 1.92-.64 3.41-.64l8.85.03V9.65l-8.8-.02c-2.13 0-3.93.3-5.39.89-1.46.6-2.57 1.48-3.33 2.65C.38 14.34 0 15.77 0 17.47c0 1.81.38 3.2 1.13 4.17.76.97 1.69 1.63 2.8 1.97 1.11.34 2.54.61 4.27.8.06 0 .13 0 .19.01s.13.01.19.01c.21.03.42.06.64.07.22.02.44.03.64.05 1.22.11 2.17.23 2.85.36.68.13 1.24.36 1.68.7.45.34.67.85.67 1.54 0 .89-.45 1.57-1.35 2.04-.9.47-2.21.7-3.95.7l-8.25-.03v5.23h8.25c2.27 0 4.19-.31 5.76-.92 1.57-.61 2.75-1.52 3.54-2.72.79-1.2 1.19-2.68 1.19-4.42 0-1.99-.42-3.5-1.26-4.54-.82-1.04-1.85-1.73-3.06-2.08ZM164.15 30.83s-5.15-.06-6.78-.06c-1.96 0-3.48-.55-4.54-1.65-1.06-1.1-1.6-2.59-1.6-4.46h10.89l-.09-4.25h-10.8c0-.68.08-1.31.22-1.88v-.01c.04-.16.09-.32.14-.47.01-.04.02-.08.04-.12.27-.74.66-1.38 1.19-1.92 1.06-1.1 2.58-1.65 4.54-1.65 1.64 0 6.47.02 6.47.02V9.89s-3.75-.2-6.47-.2c-1.93 0-3.67.3-5.21.91-1.34.53-2.5 1.24-3.48 2.16-.15.14-.29.28-.43.42-1.06 1.12-1.88 2.47-2.46 4.06-.57 1.59-.86 3.37-.86 5.35 0 1.98.29 3.76.86 5.35.57 1.59 1.39 2.94 2.46 4.06 1.06 1.11 2.37 1.97 3.91 2.58 1.54.6 3.27.91 5.21.91 2.72 0 6.84-.02 6.84-.02l-.05-4.64Z"/></g><g fill="#000"><path d="M174.46 10.64c-2.1 0-3.98.82-5.43 1.73l1.14 2.07c1.16-.71 2.4-1.3 3.72-1.3 1.79 0 2.36 1.19 2.4 2.61-5.43.58-7.78 2.06-7.78 4.89 0 2.31 1.59 3.88 3.91 3.88 1.56 0 2.92-.78 4.11-1.79h.09l.24 1.47h2.54v-7.83c0-3.7-1.63-5.73-4.94-5.73Zm1.83 10.01c-.98.91-1.8 1.43-2.88 1.43-1.11 0-1.91-.51-1.91-1.68 0-1.34 1.2-2.27 4.78-2.73v2.98h.01ZM186.36 21.98c-.32 0-.67-.27-.67-1.03V5.73h-3.1v15.06c0 2.31.81 3.73 3.01 3.73.74 0 1.26-.12 1.64-.27l-.39-2.32c-.25.05-.35.05-.49.05ZM194.57 10.64c-3.11 0-6.1 2.65-6.1 6.95 0 4.36 2.87 6.93 6.52 6.93 1.68 0 3.28-.58 4.54-1.43l-1.06-1.93c-.97.6-1.94.96-3.07.96-2.13 0-3.64-1.34-3.9-3.68h8.4c.07-.32.13-.92.13-1.51 0-3.71-1.89-6.29-5.46-6.29Zm-3.11 5.67c.27-2.12 1.63-3.28 3.17-3.28 1.81 0 2.72 1.24 2.72 3.28h-5.89ZM219.87 21.74c-.39.15-.93.3-1.38.3-1.27 0-1.87-.76-1.87-2.32v-6.3h2.8v-2.67h-2.8V7.34h-2.58l-.37 3.43-2.91.02v2.63h2.75v6.3c0 2.86 1.13 4.78 4.18 4.78 1.06 0 1.98-.25 2.7-.48"/></g><path d="M209.35 10.84H207.89c-2.34.02-3.66.7-4.43 1.52-.79.84-1.18 2.03-1.18 3.59v8.27h3.18v-7.84c0-1.07.27-1.83.8-2.28l.01.01c.24-.17.51-.3.81-.39.28-.08.56-.12.87-.12.3.01 1.44.02 1.44.02l-.04-2.78Z" fill="#000"/><path fill="#FEBA11" d="m220.74 18.01 6.01 5.99 1.83-1.81-3.45-3.47H230v-2.57h-4.88l3.42-3.44-1.82-1.82-3.41 3.43V9.49h-2.57z"/></g></svg> </span> <svg class="sciencealert-logo-desktop-svg " width="230" height="36" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-logo-desktop-svg" width=230 height=36></use> </svg> </span> <span class="custom-logo__mob block sm:hidden relative -top-1px"> <span class="hidden"> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <svg class="" id="sciencealert-logo-mobile-svg" width="163px" height="25px" viewBox="0 0 163 25" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="Page-1" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="sciencealert-logo-mobile" fill-rule="nonzero"> <g id="Group" fill="#000000"> <path d="M44.4560465,6.92077274 L34.5928433,6.92077274 L34.5928433,10.2378947 L40.2021958,10.2378947 L40.2021958,20.7292572 L34.5928433,20.7292572 L34.5928433,24.0463792 L49.6686668,24.0463792 L49.6686668,20.7292572 L44.4560465,20.7292572 L44.4560465,6.92077274 Z M42.3291211,4.88201007 C43.2768703,4.88201007 43.9491109,4.68364397 44.3458431,4.27589144 C44.731555,3.87915924 44.9299211,3.383244 44.9299211,2.82120672 L44.9299211,2.06080335 C44.9299211,1.48774573 44.731555,1.00285083 44.3458431,0.606118631 C43.9491109,0.209386436 43.2878906,-4.89401353e-16 42.3291211,-4.89401353e-16 C41.381372,-4.89401353e-16 40.7091314,0.198366098 40.3123992,0.606118631 C39.915667,1.00285083 39.7283212,1.49876607 39.7283212,2.06080335 L39.7283212,2.82120672 C39.7283212,3.39426434 39.9266873,3.87915924 40.3123992,4.27589144 C40.7091314,4.68364397 41.381372,4.88201007 42.3291211,4.88201007 Z M64.3367376,8.89341337 C63.6424563,8.14403034 62.7938902,7.55995238 61.8020597,7.14117951 C60.8102292,6.73342698 59.6861547,6.52404054 58.4518767,6.52404054 C57.1955581,6.52404054 56.0604632,6.73342698 55.0465921,7.15219985 C54.0437412,7.57097272 53.1841548,8.16607102 52.4788531,8.94851507 C51.7735515,9.71993878 51.2225345,10.6676879 50.8368227,11.7697218 C50.4511108,12.8717557 50.2527447,14.1280743 50.2527447,15.516637 C50.2527447,16.883159 50.4400905,18.1174369 50.814782,19.2194708 C51.1894735,20.3104843 51.7404904,21.2472131 52.4568125,22.0186368 C53.1731345,22.7900605 54.0657819,23.3851588 55.1237344,23.814952 C56.181687,24.2337249 57.4049446,24.4431114 58.7714666,24.4431114 C60.5898225,24.4431114 62.0775682,24.1235215 63.2677648,23.4843419 C64.446941,22.8451622 65.3506088,22.0737385 65.9677478,21.1810911 L63.5432732,18.7786572 C63.0363377,19.4839589 62.397158,20.0570165 61.6367546,20.4868097 C60.8763513,20.916603 59.9616632,21.1370097 58.9037106,21.1370097 C57.5151479,21.1370097 56.4241344,20.7512979 55.6527107,19.9908945 C54.881287,19.2304911 54.4955751,18.2276403 54.4955751,16.9933624 L54.4955751,16.5635691 L66.5077444,16.5635691 L66.5077444,15.1639861 C66.5077444,13.8746065 66.3203986,12.7064506 65.9457071,11.6374777 C65.5710156,10.5574845 65.031019,9.64279641 64.3367376,8.89341337 L64.3367376,8.89341337 Z M62.264914,14.0288912 L54.5065955,14.0288912 L54.5065955,13.7974641 C54.5065955,12.5521658 54.8702666,11.549315 55.597609,10.7889116 C56.3249514,10.0285083 57.2947412,9.65381675 58.4849378,9.65381675 C59.6530937,9.65381675 60.5788021,10.0174879 61.2510428,10.7558506 C61.9232835,11.4942133 62.264914,12.4860438 62.264914,13.7313421 L62.264914,14.0288912 Z M96.8687776,20.299464 C96.262659,20.7623182 95.4471539,20.9937453 94.4332828,20.9937453 C93.1328828,20.9937453 92.1410523,20.6190538 91.4688116,19.8806911 C90.796571,19.1423284 90.4549405,18.1504979 90.4549405,16.91622 L90.4549405,14.0619522 C90.4549405,12.8056336 90.796571,11.8027828 91.4688116,11.0754404 C92.1410523,10.3480981 93.1108421,9.98442691 94.3671607,9.98442691 C95.3369505,9.98442691 96.1083743,10.215854 96.6704115,10.6676879 C97.2324488,11.1195218 97.6732624,11.7146201 97.9818318,12.4419625 L101.265893,10.6456472 C100.692835,9.41136929 99.8552894,8.40851847 98.7422352,7.65913543 C97.6402013,6.9097524 96.1744963,6.53506088 94.3671607,6.53506088 C93.0667608,6.53506088 91.8986049,6.74444732 90.862693,7.16322019 C89.8378015,7.58199306 88.9561744,8.17709135 88.2398524,8.95953541 C87.5235304,9.73095912 86.9725134,10.6787083 86.5757812,11.7807421 C86.1900694,12.882776 85.9917033,14.1280743 85.9917033,15.4945963 C85.9917033,16.8611183 86.1900694,18.1064166 86.5757812,19.2084504 C86.9614931,20.3104843 87.51251,21.2582335 88.2398524,22.0296572 C88.9561744,22.8010809 89.8378015,23.3961792 90.8737134,23.8259724 C91.9096252,24.2447453 93.0888014,24.4541317 94.3892014,24.4541317 C96.2516387,24.4541317 97.7614251,24.0684198 98.9185606,23.3080165 C100.045513,22.5823482 100.946522,21.5553509 101.519361,20.3435453 L98.3344827,18.4480471 C97.9708115,19.2084504 97.4859166,19.8255894 96.8687776,20.299464 L96.8687776,20.299464 Z M76.7456391,6.44689817 L76.5913543,6.44689817 C73.4615781,6.47995919 71.7093443,7.38362696 70.6734324,8.48566084 C69.6265002,9.59871505 69.097524,11.1966642 69.097524,13.2795082 L69.097524,24.3218876 L73.3403544,24.3218876 L73.3403544,13.8525658 C73.3403544,12.4199218 73.7040256,11.4060506 74.4093273,10.799932 L74.4203476,10.8109523 C74.7399374,10.5795252 75.1036086,10.4031998 75.5003408,10.2929964 C75.864012,10.1938133 76.2497238,10.1387117 76.6574764,10.1276913 C77.0652289,10.1387117 77.4509408,10.182793 77.8146119,10.2929964 C78.2113441,10.4031998 78.5750153,10.5795252 78.8946051,10.8109523 L78.8835848,10.7778913 C79.6109271,11.3840099 79.9745983,12.3978811 79.9745983,13.8525658 L79.9745983,24.3218876 L84.2174287,24.3218876 L84.2174287,13.2795082 C84.2174287,11.1966642 83.6884525,9.59871505 82.6415203,8.48566084 C81.6056085,7.38362696 79.6109271,6.46893885 76.7456391,6.44689817 L76.7456391,6.44689817 Z M24.9941283,10.116671 C27.3524808,10.116671 29.3581824,11.6374777 30.0745045,13.7533828 L33.83244,13.7533828 C33.0052853,9.5269808 29.3007111,6.47832873 24.9941283,6.47995853 C20.0239555,6.47995853 15.9905115,10.5134032 15.9905115,15.4835759 C15.9905115,20.4537487 20.0239555,24.4871927 24.9941283,24.4871927 C29.3141011,24.4871927 32.9177519,21.4455792 33.799379,17.3900946 L30.0194028,17.3900946 C29.247979,19.4068165 27.2863588,20.8504809 25.0051486,20.8504809 C22.0406775,20.8504809 19.6382437,18.4370267 19.6382437,15.4835759 C19.6272233,12.5191048 22.0406775,10.116671 24.9941283,10.116671 Z M11.2187049,13.9958302 C10.3701388,13.7533828 9.30116591,13.566037 8.01178627,13.4448133 C7.96876144,13.4321324 7.92435408,13.4247312 7.87954221,13.4227726 L7.75831848,13.4227726 C7.67015577,13.4117523 7.58199306,13.4007319 7.50485069,13.4007319 C7.41668798,13.3897116 7.32852527,13.3897116 7.24036256,13.3786912 C6.38077614,13.3015489 5.71955581,13.2244065 5.26772192,13.1472641 C4.81588803,13.0701218 4.44119652,12.9378777 4.13262703,12.7395116 C3.8391847,12.5491499 3.66754723,12.2184338 3.68079314,11.8689048 C3.68079314,11.2738065 3.95630161,10.8219727 4.50731855,10.5244235 C5.05833549,10.2268744 5.85179988,10.0725896 6.9097524,10.0725896 L13.1362438,10.0946303 L13.1362438,6.41383715 L6.94281341,6.40281682 C5.44404734,6.40281682 4.17670839,6.61220325 3.14079654,7.03097612 C2.1048847,7.449749 1.33346099,8.07790831 0.79346439,8.89341337 C0.26448813,9.71993878 -2.44700676e-16,10.7227896 -2.44700676e-16,11.9240065 C-2.44700676e-16,13.2023658 0.26448813,14.183176 0.79346439,14.866437 C1.32244065,15.549698 1.98366098,16.0125522 2.76610503,16.2549997 C3.54854908,16.4974471 4.5513999,16.6847929 5.77465751,16.8170369 C5.81873886,16.8170369 5.86282022,16.8170369 5.90690157,16.8280573 C5.95098293,16.8390776 5.99506428,16.8390776 6.03914564,16.8390776 C6.18241004,16.8611183 6.33669478,16.883159 6.49097953,16.8941793 L6.94281341,16.9272403 C7.80239984,17.0043827 8.4746405,17.0925454 8.94851507,17.1807081 C9.42238963,17.2688708 9.81912183,17.4341759 10.1276913,17.6766234 C10.4362608,17.9190708 10.6015659,18.282742 10.6015659,18.7566166 C10.6015659,19.3847759 10.2819761,19.8586504 9.65381675,20.1892606 C9.02565744,20.5198708 8.08892864,20.6851758 6.87669138,20.6851758 L1.06897286,20.6631352 L1.06897286,24.3439283 L6.87669138,24.3439283 C8.4746405,24.3439283 9.83014217,24.1235215 10.932176,23.6937283 C12.0342099,23.2639351 12.8717557,22.6247555 13.4227726,21.7761894 C13.9848099,20.9276233 14.2603183,19.8917114 14.2603183,18.6574335 C14.2603183,17.2578505 13.9627692,16.1888776 13.3676709,15.4615353 C12.7946133,14.7341929 12.0782913,14.2382777 11.2187049,13.9958302 L11.2187049,13.9958302 Z M115.625394,21.3353758 C115.625394,21.3353758 111.999703,21.2912945 110.842567,21.2912945 C109.454004,21.2912945 108.396052,20.9055826 107.646669,20.1341589 C106.897286,19.3627352 106.522594,18.315803 106.522594,16.9933624 L114.19275,16.9933624 L114.126628,13.9958302 L106.522594,13.9958302 C106.522594,13.5219556 106.577696,13.0701218 106.676879,12.6733896 L106.676879,12.6623692 L106.776062,12.3317591 C106.787083,12.3097184 106.798103,12.2766574 106.798103,12.2435964 C106.985449,11.7256404 107.260957,11.2738065 107.635649,10.8880947 C108.385032,10.116671 109.454004,9.73095912 110.831547,9.73095912 C111.988682,9.73095912 115.393967,9.74197946 115.393967,9.74197946 L115.393967,6.57914224 C115.393967,6.57914224 112.749086,6.43587783 110.831547,6.43587783 C109.465025,6.43587783 108.252788,6.64526427 107.161774,7.07505748 C106.214025,7.449749 105.39852,7.95668458 104.715259,8.59586423 L104.41771,8.89341337 C103.668327,9.67585742 103.095269,10.6346269 102.687516,11.7476811 C102.279764,12.8717557 102.081398,14.1280743 102.081398,15.516637 C102.081398,16.9051996 102.279764,18.1615183 102.687516,19.2855928 C103.095269,20.4096674 103.668327,21.3574165 104.41771,22.1398606 C105.167093,22.9223046 106.081781,23.5284232 107.172794,23.9582164 C108.252788,24.3880097 109.476045,24.5973961 110.842567,24.5973961 C112.760106,24.5973961 115.658455,24.5863758 115.658455,24.5863758 L115.625394,21.3353758 Z" id="Shape"></path> </g> <g id="Group" transform="translate(118.700069, 3.658752)" fill="#000000"> <path d="M4.17670839,3.44936603 C2.69998299,3.44936603 1.37754234,4.02242364 0.35265084,4.67262363 L1.15713557,6.12730835 C1.97264064,5.6313931 2.85426774,5.21262023 3.77997619,5.21262023 C5.03629481,5.21262023 5.44404734,6.05016598 5.47710836,7.0530168 C1.65305081,7.46076934 0,8.50770152 0,10.5023828 C0,12.1223726 1.12407455,13.2354268 2.75508469,13.2354268 C3.85711856,13.2354268 4.81588803,12.6844099 5.64241344,11.9791082 L5.70853547,11.9791082 L5.87384056,13.0150201 L7.67015577,13.0150201 L7.67015577,7.49383035 C7.65913543,4.89303041 6.5130202,3.44936603 4.17670839,3.44936603 L4.17670839,3.44936603 Z M5.46608802,10.5023828 C4.77180668,11.1415625 4.19874906,11.516254 3.43834569,11.516254 C2.65590164,11.516254 2.09386436,11.1525828 2.09386436,10.3370777 C2.09386436,9.40034896 2.93141011,8.73912863 5.46608802,8.41953881 L5.46608802,10.5023828 Z M12.5631862,11.4391116 C12.3317591,11.4391116 12.0893116,11.2517659 12.0893116,10.7117693 L12.0893116,0 L9.90728454,0 L9.90728454,10.6125862 C9.90728454,12.232576 10.4803422,13.2354268 12.0231896,13.2354268 C12.5521658,13.2354268 12.915837,13.1472641 13.1803251,13.0480811 L12.9048167,11.4170709 C12.7284913,11.4391116 12.6623692,11.4391116 12.5631862,11.4391116 L12.5631862,11.4391116 Z M18.3378437,3.44936603 C16.1447963,3.44936603 14.0399116,5.31180328 14.0399116,8.34239644 C14.0399116,11.4170709 16.0566336,13.2244065 18.6353928,13.2244065 C19.8145691,13.2244065 20.9386436,12.816654 21.8312911,12.2105353 L21.0929284,10.8550337 C20.4096674,11.2848269 19.7264064,11.5272743 18.932942,11.5272743 C17.4341759,11.5272743 16.365203,10.5905455 16.1888776,8.92647439 L22.1067995,8.92647439 C22.1508809,8.69504728 22.2059826,8.2762744 22.2059826,7.86852187 C22.1839419,5.27874226 20.8615013,3.44936603 18.3378437,3.44936603 L18.3378437,3.44936603 Z M16.1558166,7.449749 C16.3431624,5.95098293 17.3019318,5.1464982 18.381925,5.1464982 C19.6602843,5.1464982 20.299464,6.01710496 20.299464,7.449749 L16.1558166,7.449749 L16.1558166,7.449749 Z M36.1577314,11.2738065 C35.882223,11.3840099 35.5075315,11.483193 35.1879416,11.483193 C34.2952942,11.483193 33.865501,10.9431964 33.865501,9.85218284 L33.865501,5.41098633 L35.8381416,5.41098633 L35.8381416,3.53752874 L33.865501,3.53752874 L33.865501,1.13509489 L32.0471451,1.13509489 L31.7936773,3.54854908 L29.7438943,3.57058976 L29.7438943,5.42200667 L31.6834739,5.42200667 L31.6834739,9.86320318 C31.6834739,11.8799252 32.4769383,13.2354268 34.6259044,13.2354268 C35.3752874,13.2354268 36.0254874,13.0591014 36.532423,12.8937963" id="Shape"></path> </g> <path d="M147.452133,7.2513829 L146.427241,7.2513829 C144.77419,7.26240324 143.848482,7.74729814 143.308485,8.32035576 C142.757468,8.90443371 142.48196,9.7529998 142.48196,10.8440133 L142.48196,16.6627522 L144.719088,16.6627522 L144.719088,11.1415625 C144.719088,10.3921794 144.906434,9.85218284 145.281126,9.53259302 C145.446431,9.41136929 145.644797,9.32320658 145.854183,9.25708455 C146.052549,9.20198286 146.250916,9.17994218 146.471322,9.16892184 C146.680709,9.16892184 147.485194,9.17994218 147.485194,9.17994218 L147.452133,7.2513829 L147.452133,7.2513829 Z" id="Path" fill="#000000"></path> <polygon id="Path" fill="#FEBA11" points="155.474939 12.3097184 159.706749 16.5305081 160.996129 15.2521488 158.571654 12.8056336 162.01 12.8056336 162.01 10.9982981 158.571654 10.9982981 160.985108 8.57382355 159.695729 7.29546425 157.293295 9.70891844 157.293295 6.30363377 155.485959 6.30363377 155.485959 12.3097184"></polygon> </g> </g> </svg> </span> <svg class="sciencealert-logo-mobile-svg " width="163" height="25" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-logo-mobile-svg" width=163 height=25></use> </svg> </span> </a> <div class="w-full max-w-science mx-auto pl-4 pr-4 flex items-center"> <button aria-label="Main menu" class="menu-btn cursor-pointer appearance-none mr-auto"> <span class="menu-btn-burger pointer-events-none"> <span class="hidden sm:block"> <span class="hidden"> <svg class="" id="sciencealert-menu-desktop-svg" width="35" height="35" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M3.01 8.48c-.45 0-.82-.37-.82-.82V5.47c0-.45.37-.82.82-.82h28.98c.45 0 .82.37.82.82v2.19c0 .45-.37.82-.82.82H3.01zm0 10.93c-.45 0-.82-.37-.82-.82V16.4c0-.45.37-.82.82-.82h28.98c.45 0 .82.37.82.82v2.19c0 .45-.37.82-.82.82H3.01zm0 10.94c-.45 0-.82-.37-.82-.82v-2.19c0-.45.37-.82.82-.82h28.98c.45 0 .82.37.82.82v2.19c0 .45-.37.82-.82.82H3.01z"/></svg> </span> <svg class="sciencealert-menu-desktop-svg " width="35" height="35" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-menu-desktop-svg" width=35 height=35></use> </svg> </span> <span class="block sm:hidden"> <span class="hidden"> <svg class="" id="sciencealert-menu-mobile-svg" width="25" height="25" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 25 25" style="enable-background:new 0 0 25 25" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M2.15 6.05c-.32 0-.59-.26-.59-.59V3.91c0-.32.26-.59.59-.59h20.7c.32 0 .59.26.59.59v1.56c0 .32-.26.59-.59.59H2.15zm0 7.82c-.32 0-.59-.26-.59-.59v-1.56c0-.32.26-.59.59-.59h20.7c.32 0 .59.26.59.59v1.56c0 .32-.26.59-.59.59H2.15zm0 7.81c-.32 0-.59-.26-.59-.59v-1.56c0-.32.26-.59.59-.59h20.7c.32 0 .59.26.59.59v1.56c0 .32-.26.59-.59.59H2.15z"/></svg> </span> <svg class="sciencealert-menu-mobile-svg " width="25" height="25" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-menu-mobile-svg" width=25 height=25></use> </svg> </span> </span> <span class="menu-btn-close pointer-events-none"> <span class="hidden sm:block"> <span class="hidden"> <svg class="" id="sciencealert-menu-close-desktop-svg" width="39" height="39" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0" y="0" viewBox="0 0 47 47" style="enable-background:new 0 0 47 47" xml:space="preserve"><path id="Rectangle_214_00000121237047232070197150000016575674093409942178_" d="M11.23 4.21h24.54c3.87 0 7 3.13 7 7V35.8c0 3.87-3.13 7-7 7H11.23c-3.87 0-7-3.13-7-7V11.21c0-3.87 3.13-7 7-7z" style="fill:none;stroke:#000"/><path d="M34.28 31.96c.21.21.21.56 0 .77l-1.55 1.55a.55.55 0 0 1-.77 0l-1.45-1.45-7.01-7.01-8.46 8.46a.55.55 0 0 1-.77 0l-1.55-1.55a.55.55 0 0 1 0-.77l8.46-8.46-8.46-8.46a.55.55 0 0 1 0-.77l1.55-1.55a.55.55 0 0 1 .77 0l8.46 8.46 8.46-8.46a.55.55 0 0 1 .77 0l1.55 1.55c.21.21.21.56 0 .77l-1.45 1.45-7.01 7.01 8.46 8.46z"/></svg> </span> <svg class="sciencealert-menu-close-desktop-svg " width="39" height="39" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-menu-close-desktop-svg" width=39 height=39></use> </svg> </span> <span class="block sm:hidden"> <span class="hidden"> <svg class="" width="27" height="27" version="1.1" id="sciencealert-menu-close-mobile-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0" y="0" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve"><path id="Rectangle_214_00000181048477670920635580000012664643043132832399_" d="M9.6 2.58h15.8c3.87 0 7 3.13 7 7v15.84c0 3.87-3.13 7-7 7H9.6c-3.87 0-7-3.13-7-7V9.58c0-3.87 3.13-7 7-7z" style="fill:none;stroke:#000"/><path d="M25.2 23.54c.15.15.15.4 0 .55l-1.1 1.1c-.15.15-.4.15-.55 0l-1.03-1.03-5.01-5.01-6.04 6.04c-.15.15-.4.15-.55 0l-1.1-1.1a.392.392 0 0 1 0-.55l6.04-6.04-6.06-6.04a.392.392 0 0 1 0-.55l1.11-1.1c.15-.15.4-.15.55 0l6.04 6.04 6.04-6.04c.15-.15.4-.15.55 0l1.1 1.1c.15.15.15.4 0 .55l-1.03 1.03-5.01 5.01 6.05 6.04z"/></svg> </span> <svg class="sciencealert-menu-close-mobile-svg " width="27" height="27" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-menu-close-mobile-svg" width=27 height=27></use> </svg> </span> </span> </button> <button aria-label="Search" class="search-btn-mob cursor-pointer block lg:hidden appearance-none ml-auto"> <span class="search-btn-mob-open"> <span class="hidden sm:block"> <span class="hidden"> <svg class="" id="sciencealert-search-desktop-svg" width="35" height="35" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve"><path d="m32.29 30.97-1.32 1.32a.7.7 0 0 1-1 0l-7.11-7.11a.712.712 0 0 1-.21-.5v-.77a12.128 12.128 0 0 1-7.97 2.96c-6.73 0-12.19-5.46-12.19-12.19S7.95 2.5 14.69 2.5s12.19 5.46 12.19 12.19c0 3.05-1.12 5.83-2.96 7.97h.77c.19 0 .36.07.5.21l7.11 7.11c.27.27.27.71-.01.99zm-8.23-16.28a9.38 9.38 0 1 0-18.761.001 9.38 9.38 0 0 0 18.761-.001z"/></svg> </span> <svg class="sciencealert-search-desktop-svg " width="35" height="35" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-search-desktop-svg" width=35 height=35></use> </svg> </span> <span class="block sm:hidden"> <span class="hidden"> <svg class="" id="sciencealert-search-mobile-svg" width="25" height="25" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 25 25" style="enable-background:new 0 0 25 25" xml:space="preserve"><path d="m23.84 22.83-1.02 1.02c-.21.21-.55.21-.76 0l-5.45-5.45c-.1-.1-.16-.24-.16-.38v-.59a9.285 9.285 0 0 1-6.11 2.27C5.18 19.69 1 15.5 1 10.34S5.18 1 10.34 1s9.34 4.18 9.34 9.34c0 2.34-.86 4.47-2.27 6.11H18c.14 0 .28.05.38.16l5.45 5.45c.22.21.22.56.01.77zm-6.31-12.49a7.191 7.191 0 0 0-14.38 0 7.191 7.191 0 0 0 14.38 0z"/></svg> </span> <svg class="sciencealert-search-mobile-svg " width="25" height="25" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-search-mobile-svg" width=25 height=25></use> </svg> </span> </span> </span> <span class="search-btn-mob-close"> <span class="hidden sm:block"> <svg class="sciencealert-menu-close-desktop-svg " width="39" height="39" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-menu-close-desktop-svg" width=39 height=39></use> </svg> </span> <span class="block sm:hidden"> <svg class="sciencealert-menu-close-mobile-svg " width="27" height="27" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-menu-close-mobile-svg" width=27 height=27></use> </svg> </span> </span> </button> <span class="hidden lg:block"> <button aria-label="Search" class="search-btn cursor-pointer block appearance-none"> <svg class="sciencealert-search-desktop-svg " width="35" height="35" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-search-desktop-svg" width=35 height=35></use> </svg> </button> </span> <div id="search-modal" class="hidden lg:flex items-center justify-between w-full"> <a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/" rel="home" class="search-sa-logo inline-block"> <span class="hidden lg:block relative -top-1"> <svg class="sciencealert-logo-desktop-svg " width="230" height="36" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-logo-desktop-svg" width=230 height=36></use> </svg> </span> </a> <span class="search-form flex items-center justify-end"> <form action="https://www.sciencealert.com/search" method="GET" class="flex justify-end w-full"> <input type="text" class="search-input bg-white appearance-none border border-gray-200 rounded-none h-9 px-3 mr-1 outline-none" name="q" placeholder="Search..." /> <input type="submit" class="search-submit text-body-md font-source-sans font-semibold bg-sciencealert-yellow h-9 w-28 uppercase text-black cursor-pointer appearance-none border-0 rounded-none" value="Search"> </form> <span class="close-btn inline-block cursor-pointer ml-3"> <span class="hidden sm:block"> <svg class="sciencealert-menu-close-desktop-svg " width="39" height="39" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-menu-close-desktop-svg" width=39 height=39></use> </svg> </span> <span class="block sm:hidden"> <svg class="sciencealert-menu-close-mobile-svg " width="27" height="27" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-menu-close-mobile-svg" width=27 height=27></use> </svg> </span> </span> </span> </div> </div> </header> <div id="nav-container" class="nav-container w-full max-w-science mx-auto pl-4 pr-4 relative"> <nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation bg-white"> <div class="menu-main border-b pb-2 mb-5"> <div class="menu-categories-navigation-container"><ul id="menu-categories-navigation" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-73133" class="space menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-73133"><a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/space">Space</a><span class="inline-block w-4 h-4 relative"> <span class="hidden"> <svg class="" id="sciencealert-category-spark-svg" width="10" height="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m.34 9.27 6.04 6.02 1.84-1.82-3.47-3.49h4.91V7.4H4.75l3.44-3.46-1.83-1.83-3.43 3.44V.7H.34z"/></svg> </span> <svg class="sciencealert-category-spark-svg fill-current" width="16" height="16" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-category-spark-svg" width=16 height=16></use> </svg> </span></li> <li id="menu-item-73132" class="health menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-menu-item menu-item-73132"><a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/health" aria-current="page">Health</a><span class="inline-block w-4 h-4 relative"> <svg class="sciencealert-category-spark-svg fill-current" width="16" height="16" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-category-spark-svg" width=16 height=16></use> </svg> </span></li> <li id="menu-item-73134" class="environment menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-73134"><a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/environment">Environment</a><span class="inline-block w-4 h-4 relative"> <svg class="sciencealert-category-spark-svg fill-current" width="16" height="16" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-category-spark-svg" width=16 height=16></use> </svg> </span></li> <li id="menu-item-73135" class="humans menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-73135"><a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/humans">Humans</a><span class="inline-block w-4 h-4 relative"> <svg class="sciencealert-category-spark-svg fill-current" width="16" height="16" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-category-spark-svg" width=16 height=16></use> </svg> </span></li> <li id="menu-item-73131" class="tech menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-73131"><a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/tech">Tech</a><span class="inline-block w-4 h-4 relative"> <svg class="sciencealert-category-spark-svg fill-current" width="16" height="16" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-category-spark-svg" width=16 height=16></use> </svg> </span></li> <li id="menu-item-73141" class="nature menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-73141"><a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/nature">Nature</a><span class="inline-block w-4 h-4 relative"> <svg class="sciencealert-category-spark-svg fill-current" width="16" height="16" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-category-spark-svg" width=16 height=16></use> </svg> </span></li> <li id="menu-item-73136" class="physics menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-73136"><a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/physics">Physics</a><span class="inline-block w-4 h-4 relative"> <svg class="sciencealert-category-spark-svg fill-current" width="16" height="16" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-category-spark-svg" width=16 height=16></use> </svg> </span></li> <li id="menu-item-73142" class="politics menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-73142"><a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/society">Society</a><span class="inline-block w-4 h-4 relative"> <svg class="sciencealert-category-spark-svg fill-current" width="16" height="16" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-category-spark-svg" width=16 height=16></use> </svg> </span></li> <li id="menu-item-73143" class="opinion menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-73143"><a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/opinion">Opinion</a><span class="inline-block w-4 h-4 relative"> <svg class="sciencealert-category-spark-svg fill-current" width="16" height="16" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-category-spark-svg" width=16 height=16></use> </svg> </span></li> <li id="menu-item-73144" class="explainer menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-73144"><a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/explainer">Explainer</a><span class="inline-block w-4 h-4 relative"> <svg class="sciencealert-category-spark-svg fill-current" width="16" height="16" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-category-spark-svg" width=16 height=16></use> </svg> </span></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="menu-general"> <div class="menu-general-navigation-container"><ul id="menu-general-navigation" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-73138" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-73138"><a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/about-sciencealert">About Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-73139" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-73139"><a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/our-team">Our Team</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="menu-follow-us flex justify-between mt-5 pt-2 border-t-3 border-sciencealert-yellow"> <span class="text-h5 font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility block"> Follow Us </span> <div class="menu-follow-us-navigation-container"><ul id="menu-follow-us-navigation" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-73137" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-73137"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/ScienceAlert" class="inline-block w-9 h-9 relative" target="_blank"> <span class="hidden"> <svg class="" version="1.1" id="sciencealert-social-facebook-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0" y="0" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve"><path id="Rectangle_214_00000075138113213619800520000017433608090286312342_" d="M9.6 2.58h15.8c3.87 0 7 3.13 7 7v15.84c0 3.87-3.13 7-7 7H9.6c-3.87 0-7-3.13-7-7V9.58c0-3.87 3.13-7 7-7z" style="fill:none;stroke:#000"/><path d="M19.24 18.75v8.75h-3.91v-8.75h-3.18v-3.62h3.18v-2.76c0-3.14 1.87-4.87 4.73-4.87 1.37 0 2.8.24 2.8.24v3.08h-1.58c-1.56 0-2.04.97-2.04 1.96v2.35h3.47l-.56 3.62h-2.91z"/></svg> </span> <svg class="sciencealert-social-facebook-svg " width="35" height="35" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-social-facebook-svg" width=35 height=35></use> </svg> </a></li> <li id="menu-item-73148" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-73148"><a href="https://twitter.com/ScienceAlert" class="inline-block w-9 h-9 relative" target="_blank"> <span class="hidden"> <svg class="" id="sciencealert-social-twitter-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 35 35" width="36px" height="36px"> <path d="M9.6 2.58h15.8c3.87 0 7 3.13 7 7v15.84c0 3.87-3.13 7-7 7H9.6c-3.87 0-7-3.13-7-7V9.58c0-3.87 3.13-7 7-7z" style="fill:none;stroke:#000"/> <path d="M 9.160157 9.1 L 15.616016 18.272461 L 9.1 25.9 L 10.85 25.9 L 16.40625 19.394922 L 20.983593 25.9 L 26.539843 25.9 L 19.452343 15.829297 L 25.2 9.1 L 23.45 9.1 L 18.662109 14.706836 L 14.716407 9.1 L 9.160157 9.1 z M 11.839843 10.5 L 13.984961 10.5 L 23.860157 24.5 L 21.715039 24.5 L 11.839843 10.5 z"/> </svg> </span> <svg class="sciencealert-social-twitter-svg " width="35" height="35" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-social-twitter-svg" width=35 height=35></use> </svg> </a></li> <li id="menu-item-73149" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-73149"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/sciencealert/" class="inline-block w-9 h-9 relative" target="_blank"> <span class="hidden"> <svg class="" version="1.1" id="sciencealert-social-instagram-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0" y="0" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve"><path id="Rectangle_214_00000070113157498905692710000014178120475926576562_" d="M9.6 2.58h15.8c3.87 0 7 3.13 7 7v15.84c0 3.87-3.13 7-7 7H9.6c-3.87 0-7-3.13-7-7V9.58c0-3.87 3.13-7 7-7z" style="fill:none;stroke:#000"/><path d="M26.19 21.11c-.07 1.4-.39 2.64-1.41 3.67-1.02 1.03-2.27 1.35-3.67 1.41-1.45.08-5.78.08-7.22 0-1.4-.07-2.64-.39-3.67-1.41s-1.35-2.27-1.41-3.67c-.08-1.45-.08-5.78 0-7.22.07-1.4.39-2.64 1.41-3.67s2.27-1.34 3.67-1.41c1.45-.08 5.78-.08 7.22 0 1.4.07 2.64.39 3.67 1.41 1.03 1.02 1.35 2.27 1.41 3.67.09 1.45.09 5.77 0 7.22zm-1.51-3.61c0-1.27.11-4.01-.35-5.16-.31-.77-.9-1.36-1.66-1.66-1.15-.45-3.89-.35-5.16-.35s-4.01-.11-5.16.35c-.77.31-1.36.9-1.66 1.66-.45 1.15-.35 3.89-.35 5.16s-.11 4.01.35 5.16c.31.77.9 1.36 1.66 1.66 1.15.45 3.89.35 5.16.35s4.01.11 5.16-.35c.77-.31 1.36-.9 1.66-1.66.45-1.15.35-3.89.35-5.16zm-2.69 0c0 2.48-2 4.49-4.49 4.49s-4.49-2-4.49-4.49 2-4.49 4.49-4.49 4.49 2.01 4.49 4.49zm-1.57 0c0-1.61-1.31-2.92-2.92-2.92s-2.92 1.31-2.92 2.92 1.31 2.92 2.92 2.92 2.92-1.31 2.92-2.92zm1.75-3.62a1.05 1.05 0 1 1 0-2.1 1.05 1.05 0 0 1 0 2.1z"/></svg> </span> <svg class="sciencealert-social-instagram-svg " width="35" height="35" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-social-instagram-svg" width=35 height=35></use> </svg> </a></li> <li id="menu-item-73150" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-73150"><a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/feed" class="inline-block w-9 h-9 relative" target="_blank"> <span class="hidden"> <svg class="" version="1.1" id="sciencealert-social-rss-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0" y="0" viewBox="0 0 35 35" style="enable-background:new 0 0 35 35" xml:space="preserve"><path id="Rectangle_214_00000152982195105885982080000016566234948540419999_" d="M9.6 2.58h15.8c3.87 0 7 3.13 7 7v15.84c0 3.87-3.13 7-7 7H9.6c-3.87 0-7-3.13-7-7V9.58c0-3.87 3.13-7 7-7z" style="fill:none;stroke:#000"/><path d="M25.62 26.25h-1.88a.62.62 0 0 1-.62-.6c-.31-7.47-6.3-13.46-13.77-13.77a.619.619 0 0 1-.6-.62V9.38c0-.35.29-.64.64-.62 9.18.33 16.53 7.72 16.85 16.85a.61.61 0 0 1-.62.64zm-5.63 0h-1.88c-.33 0-.6-.25-.63-.58a8.767 8.767 0 0 0-8.16-8.16.625.625 0 0 1-.58-.63V15c0-.36.3-.64.66-.62 6.05.33 10.88 5.17 11.21 11.21a.62.62 0 0 1-.62.66zm-8.74 0a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 0-5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 0 5z"/></svg> </span> <svg class="sciencealert-social-rss-svg " width="35" height="35" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-social-rss-svg" width=35 height=35></use> </svg> </a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="alerts-newsletter mt-5 pt-2 border-t-3 border-sciencealert-yellow"> <span class="text-h5 font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility block"> Daily Newsletter </span> <form id="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" name="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" class="subscribe-form validate mt-3" method="post" action="https://sciencealert.us2.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=3996984deafc554c16e8bdad6&id=fe5632fb09" target="_blank" novalidate> <div id="mc_embed_signup_scroll" class="flex items-center w-full"> <input type="email" value="" name="EMAIL" class="email signup-email h-9 p-3 mr-3 border border-gray-200 text-body-md rounded-none" id="mce-nav-EMAIL" placeholder="Email Address" required> <div style="position: absolute; left: -5000px;" aria-hidden="true"> <input type="text" name="b_3996984deafc554c16e8bdad6_fe5632fb09" tabindex="-1" value=""> </div> <input type="submit" value="Subscribe" name="subscribe" id="mc-nav-embedded-subscribe" class="subscribe-btn text-body-md font-source-sans font-semibold bg-sciencealert-yellow h-9 w-36 uppercase text-black cursor-pointer"> </div> </form> </div> <div class="menu-main-footer mt-5 border-t pt-2"> <div class="menu-main-footer-navigation-container"><ul id="menu-main-footer-navigation" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-73140" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-73140"><a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/contact-us">Contact</a></li> <li id="menu-item-73147" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-73147"><a href="/privacy-policy">Privacy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-127010" class="privacy-manage-consent menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-127010"><a href="#" id="pmLink">Privacy Manager</a></li> <li id="menu-item-73146" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-73146"><a href="/accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li id="menu-item-73145" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-73145"><a href="/terms-and-conditions">Terms</a></li> </ul></div> <span class="text-body-sm font-semibold block pt-2 text-center">© 2024 ScienceAlert Pty Ltd </span> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="block lg:hidden w-full max-w-science mx-auto pl-4 pr-4 mt-5 sm:mt-9"> <div id="search-modal-mob" class="block w-full"> <form action="https://www.sciencealert.com/search" method="GET" class="flex items-center w-full"> <input type="text" class="search-input bg-white appearance-none border border-gray-200 rounded-none h-9 px-3 mr-1 outline-none w-full" name="q" placeholder="Search..." /> <input type="submit" class="search-submit text-body-md font-source-sans font-semibold bg-sciencealert-yellow h-9 w-28 uppercase text-black cursor-pointer appearance-none border-0 rounded-none" value="Search"> </form> </div> </div> <span class="hidden ad-desktop:block w-full max-w-science mx-auto text-light-black pl-4 pr-4 mt-5 !mb-0 sm:mt-9 bg-transparent"> <div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-leaderboard ad-slot--container-leaderboard-1 Purch_Y_L_1_1-container text-center"> <div class="ad-slot ad-slot--leaderboard ad-slot--leaderboard-1 Purch_Y_L_1_1" id='Purch_Y_L_1_1'></div> <script> if ('undefined' !== typeof window.tmntag && 'undefined' !== typeof window.tmntag.cmd) { tmntag.cmd.push(function () { tmntag.adTag('Purch_Y_L_1_1', false); }); } </script> </div> </span> <main id="main" class="site-main w-full max-w-science mx-auto text-light-black pl-4 pr-4 pt-5 sm:pt-9 !mt-0 mb-5 sm:mb-9"> <div class="grid lg:grid-cols-container gap-7"> <section class="col-span-container"> <span class="flex items-center justify-between mb-5 sm:mb-7"> <h1 class="text-h2 sm:text-h1 font-source-sans font-semibold text-black"> Health <span class="inline-block w-4 h-4 relative -top-2 sm:-top-3 ml-1"> <svg width="10" height="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill="#0074c7" d="m.34 9.27 6.04 6.02 1.84-1.82-3.47-3.49h4.91V7.4H4.75l3.44-3.46-1.83-1.83-3.43 3.44V.7H.34z" /> </svg> </span> </h1> <span class="text-body-sm sm:text-body-md text-gray-500 tracking-wide block sm:hidden"> 1 of 5 pages </span> <span class="text-body-sm sm:text-body-md text-gray-500 tracking-wide hidden sm:block"> 1 of 9 pages </span> </span> <div class="container-posts"> <article id="post-142685" class="flex bg-white pb-5 mb-5 sm:pb-6 sm:mb-6 post-142685 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-health tag-msft-content" data-post-index="0"> <a class="flex-shrink-0 w-32 md:w-56 mr-3 sm:mr-4 block" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/stem-cells-grown-in-space-turn-out-to-have-a-surprise-advantage"> <img width="642" height="260" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/ISSLab-642x260.jpg" class="w-full h-20 md:h-32 object-cover wp-post-image" alt="International Space Station" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/ISSLab-642x260.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/ISSLab-768x311.jpg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/ISSLab-600x243.jpg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/ISSLab.jpg 1024w" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw, (min-resolution: 192dpi) 50vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) 33.33vw, (min-resolution: 288dpi) 33.33vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) 33.33vw" /> </a> <div class="entry-teaser"> <span class="block"><a class="text-h6 sm:text-h3 font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/stem-cells-grown-in-space-turn-out-to-have-a-surprise-advantage">Stem Cells Grown in Space Turn Out to Have a Surprise Advantage</a></span> <span class="flex items-center mt-1 sm:mt-2"> <a class="article-cat text-body-sm sm:text-body-md uppercase font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block mr-3" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/health" style="color: #0074c7">Health</a><span class="article-date text-body-xs sm:text-body-sm text-gray-500 block">11 hours ago</span> </span> </div> </article> <article id="post-144589" class="flex bg-white pb-5 mb-5 sm:pb-6 sm:mb-6 post-144589 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-health tag-msft-content" data-post-index="0"> <a class="flex-shrink-0 w-32 md:w-56 mr-3 sm:mr-4 block" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/a-common-blood-pressure-drug-extends-lifespan-and-slows-aging-in-animals"> <img width="600" height="243" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2019-01/processed/haemochromatosis_aging_600.jpg" class="w-full h-20 md:h-32 object-cover wp-post-image" alt="Some common signs of aging could actually be due to a preventable genetic disorder" decoding="async" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw, (min-resolution: 192dpi) 50vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) 33.33vw, (min-resolution: 288dpi) 33.33vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) 33.33vw" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2019-01/processed/haemochromatosis_aging_600.jpg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2019-01/processed/haemochromatosis_aging_1024.jpg 1024w" /> </a> <div class="entry-teaser"> <span class="block"><a class="text-h6 sm:text-h3 font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/a-common-blood-pressure-drug-extends-lifespan-and-slows-aging-in-animals">A Common Blood Pressure Drug Extends Lifespan And Slows Aging in Animals</a></span> <span class="flex items-center mt-1 sm:mt-2"> <a class="article-cat text-body-sm sm:text-body-md uppercase font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block mr-3" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/health" style="color: #0074c7">Health</a><span class="article-date text-body-xs sm:text-body-sm text-gray-500 block">19 hours ago</span> </span> </div> </article> <article id="post-144550" class="flex bg-white pb-5 mb-5 sm:pb-6 sm:mb-6 post-144550 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-health" data-post-index="0"> <a class="flex-shrink-0 w-32 md:w-56 mr-3 sm:mr-4 block" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/what-is-adenomyosis-the-little-known-condition-affects-up-to-1-in-5-women"> <img width="642" height="260" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/05/WomanDoubledOverInPainOnSofa-642x260.jpg" class="w-full h-20 md:h-32 object-cover wp-post-image" alt="A woman doubled over in pain clutching her stomach and cradling her head in her hand." decoding="async" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/05/WomanDoubledOverInPainOnSofa-642x260.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/05/WomanDoubledOverInPainOnSofa.jpg 1024w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/05/WomanDoubledOverInPainOnSofa-768x311.jpg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/05/WomanDoubledOverInPainOnSofa-600x243.jpg 600w" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw, (min-resolution: 192dpi) 50vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) 33.33vw, (min-resolution: 288dpi) 33.33vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) 33.33vw" /> </a> <div class="entry-teaser"> <span class="block"><a class="text-h6 sm:text-h3 font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/what-is-adenomyosis-the-little-known-condition-affects-up-to-1-in-5-women">What Is Adenomyosis? The Little-Known Condition Affects Up to 1 in 5 Women</a></span> <span class="flex items-center mt-1 sm:mt-2"> <a class="article-cat text-body-sm sm:text-body-md uppercase font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block mr-3" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/health" style="color: #0074c7">Health</a><span class="article-date text-body-xs sm:text-body-sm text-gray-500 block">1 day ago</span> </span> </div> </article> <article id="post-144382" class="flex bg-white pb-5 mb-5 sm:pb-6 sm:mb-6 post-144382 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-health tag-msft-content" data-post-index="0"> <a class="flex-shrink-0 w-32 md:w-56 mr-3 sm:mr-4 block" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/drugs-like-ozempic-may-have-a-shrinking-effect-on-the-heart"> <img width="642" height="260" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/CardiacMuscleCell-642x260.jpg" class="w-full h-20 md:h-32 object-cover wp-post-image" alt="Drugs Like Ozempic May Have a Shrinking Effect on The Heart" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/CardiacMuscleCell-642x260.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/CardiacMuscleCell-768x311.jpg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/CardiacMuscleCell-600x243.jpg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/CardiacMuscleCell.jpg 1024w" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw, (min-resolution: 192dpi) 50vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) 33.33vw, (min-resolution: 288dpi) 33.33vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) 33.33vw" /> </a> <div class="entry-teaser"> <span class="block"><a class="text-h6 sm:text-h3 font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/drugs-like-ozempic-may-have-a-shrinking-effect-on-the-heart">Drugs Like Ozempic May Have a Shrinking Effect on The Heart</a></span> <span class="flex items-center mt-1 sm:mt-2"> <a class="article-cat text-body-sm sm:text-body-md uppercase font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block mr-3" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/health" style="color: #0074c7">Health</a><span class="article-date text-body-xs sm:text-body-sm text-gray-500 block">2 days ago</span> </span> </div> </article> <div class='force-100 flex justify-center'> <div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-1 Purch_Y_C_0_1-container mb-5 sm:mb-9 grid lg:grid-cols-container grid-col-0"> <div class="ad-slot ad-slot--content ad-slot--content-1 Purch_Y_C_0_1" id='Purch_Y_C_0_1'></div> <script> if ('undefined' !== typeof window.tmntag && 'undefined' !== typeof window.tmntag.cmd) { tmntag.cmd.push(function () { tmntag.adTag('Purch_Y_C_0_1', false); }); } </script> </div>  </div> <article id="post-144233" class="flex bg-white pb-5 mb-5 sm:pb-6 sm:mb-6 post-144233 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-health tag-msft-content" data-post-index="0"> <a class="flex-shrink-0 w-32 md:w-56 mr-3 sm:mr-4 block" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/common-heart-meds-may-sharply-reduce-dementia-risk-study-says"> <img width="642" height="260" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/HeartTablets-642x260.jpg" class="w-full h-20 md:h-32 object-cover wp-post-image" alt="Heart tablets" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/HeartTablets-642x260.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/HeartTablets-768x311.jpg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/HeartTablets-600x243.jpg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/HeartTablets.jpg 1024w" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw, (min-resolution: 192dpi) 50vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) 33.33vw, (min-resolution: 288dpi) 33.33vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) 33.33vw" /> </a> <div class="entry-teaser"> <span class="block"><a class="text-h6 sm:text-h3 font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/common-heart-meds-may-sharply-reduce-dementia-risk-study-says">Common Heart Meds May Sharply Reduce Dementia Risk, Study Says</a></span> <span class="flex items-center mt-1 sm:mt-2"> <a class="article-cat text-body-sm sm:text-body-md uppercase font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block mr-3" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/health" style="color: #0074c7">Health</a><span class="article-date text-body-xs sm:text-body-sm text-gray-500 block">2 days ago</span> </span> </div> </article> <article id="post-143558" class="flex bg-white pb-5 mb-5 sm:pb-6 sm:mb-6 post-143558 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-health tag-msft-content" data-post-index="0"> <a class="flex-shrink-0 w-32 md:w-56 mr-3 sm:mr-4 block" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/type-2-diabetes-linked-to-accelerated-brain-shrinkage-study-reveals"> <img width="642" height="260" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/ShrinkingBrains-642x260.jpg" class="w-full h-20 md:h-32 object-cover wp-post-image" alt="Type 2 Diabetes Linked to Accelerated Brain Shrinkage, Study Reveals" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/ShrinkingBrains-642x260.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/ShrinkingBrains-768x311.jpg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/ShrinkingBrains-600x243.jpg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/ShrinkingBrains.jpg 1024w" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw, (min-resolution: 192dpi) 50vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) 33.33vw, (min-resolution: 288dpi) 33.33vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) 33.33vw" /> </a> <div class="entry-teaser"> <span class="block"><a class="text-h6 sm:text-h3 font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/type-2-diabetes-linked-to-accelerated-brain-shrinkage-study-reveals">Type 2 Diabetes Linked to Accelerated Brain Shrinkage, Study Reveals</a></span> <span class="flex items-center mt-1 sm:mt-2"> <a class="article-cat text-body-sm sm:text-body-md uppercase font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block mr-3" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/health" style="color: #0074c7">Health</a><span class="article-date text-body-xs sm:text-body-sm text-gray-500 block">2 days ago</span> </span> </div> </article> <article id="post-144448" class="flex bg-white pb-5 mb-5 sm:pb-6 sm:mb-6 post-144448 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-health tag-msft-content" data-post-index="0"> <a class="flex-shrink-0 w-32 md:w-56 mr-3 sm:mr-4 block" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/plastic-found-in-more-than-50-of-plaques-from-clogged-arteries"> <img width="642" height="260" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/03/CrossSectionOfCoronaryArteryAtherosclerosis-642x260.jpg" class="w-full h-20 md:h-32 object-cover wp-post-image" alt="Tissue section of clogged coronary artery, stained purple as viewed under microscope." decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/03/CrossSectionOfCoronaryArteryAtherosclerosis-642x260.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/03/CrossSectionOfCoronaryArteryAtherosclerosis-768x311.jpg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/03/CrossSectionOfCoronaryArteryAtherosclerosis-600x243.jpg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/03/CrossSectionOfCoronaryArteryAtherosclerosis.jpg 1024w" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw, (min-resolution: 192dpi) 50vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) 33.33vw, (min-resolution: 288dpi) 33.33vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) 33.33vw" /> </a> <div class="entry-teaser"> <span class="block"><a class="text-h6 sm:text-h3 font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/plastic-found-in-more-than-50-of-plaques-from-clogged-arteries">Plastic Found In More Than 50% of Plaques From Clogged Arteries</a></span> <span class="flex items-center mt-1 sm:mt-2"> <a class="article-cat text-body-sm sm:text-body-md uppercase font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block mr-3" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/health" style="color: #0074c7">Health</a><span class="article-date text-body-xs sm:text-body-sm text-gray-500 block">2 days ago</span> </span> </div> </article> <article id="post-144093" class="flex bg-white pb-5 mb-5 sm:pb-6 sm:mb-6 post-144093 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-health tag-msft-content" data-post-index="0"> <a class="flex-shrink-0 w-32 md:w-56 mr-3 sm:mr-4 block" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/fat-cells-seem-to-cling-to-the-memory-of-being-obese-study-finds"> <img width="642" height="260" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/CloseUpOfWomanSquishingStomachWithHands-642x260.jpg" class="w-full h-20 md:h-32 object-cover wp-post-image" alt="Close up of hands holding firmly onto a stomach." decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/CloseUpOfWomanSquishingStomachWithHands-642x260.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/CloseUpOfWomanSquishingStomachWithHands-768x311.jpg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/CloseUpOfWomanSquishingStomachWithHands-600x243.jpg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/CloseUpOfWomanSquishingStomachWithHands.jpg 1024w" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw, (min-resolution: 192dpi) 50vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) 33.33vw, (min-resolution: 288dpi) 33.33vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) 33.33vw" /> </a> <div class="entry-teaser"> <span class="block"><a class="text-h6 sm:text-h3 font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/fat-cells-seem-to-cling-to-the-memory-of-being-obese-study-finds">Fat Cells Seem to Cling to The Memory of Being Obese, Study Finds</a></span> <span class="flex items-center mt-1 sm:mt-2"> <a class="article-cat text-body-sm sm:text-body-md uppercase font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block mr-3" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/health" style="color: #0074c7">Health</a><span class="article-date text-body-xs sm:text-body-sm text-gray-500 block">3 days ago</span> </span> </div> </article> <div class='force-100 flex justify-center'> <div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-2 Purch_Y_C_0_1_clone_2-container mb-5 sm:mb-9 grid lg:grid-cols-container grid-col-0"> <div class="ad-slot ad-slot--content ad-slot--content-2 Purch_Y_C_0_1_clone_2 Purch_Y_C_0_1" id='Purch_Y_C_0_1_clone_2'></div> <script> if ('undefined' !== typeof window.tmntag && 'undefined' !== typeof window.tmntag.cmd) { tmntag.cmd.push(function () { tmntag.onAdunitRendered(function (e) { if (e.div === "Purch_Y_C_0_1") { tmntag.adunitClone("Purch_Y_C_0_1", "Purch_Y_C_0_1_clone_2"); } }); }); } </script> </div>  </div> <article id="post-144286" class="flex bg-white pb-5 mb-5 sm:pb-6 sm:mb-6 post-144286 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-health" data-post-index="0"> <a class="flex-shrink-0 w-32 md:w-56 mr-3 sm:mr-4 block" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/asbestos-still-shows-up-in-some-cosmetics-heres-why"> <img width="642" height="260" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/GirlPowderingFace-642x260.jpg" class="w-full h-20 md:h-32 object-cover wp-post-image" alt="A young women putting makeup on with a brush" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/GirlPowderingFace-642x260.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/GirlPowderingFace-768x311.jpg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/GirlPowderingFace-600x243.jpg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/GirlPowderingFace.jpg 1024w" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw, (min-resolution: 192dpi) 50vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) 33.33vw, (min-resolution: 288dpi) 33.33vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) 33.33vw" /> </a> <div class="entry-teaser"> <span class="block"><a class="text-h6 sm:text-h3 font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/asbestos-still-shows-up-in-some-cosmetics-heres-why">Asbestos Still Shows Up in Some Cosmetics. Here's Why.</a></span> <span class="flex items-center mt-1 sm:mt-2"> <a class="article-cat text-body-sm sm:text-body-md uppercase font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block mr-3" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/health" style="color: #0074c7">Health</a><span class="article-date text-body-xs sm:text-body-sm text-gray-500 block">3 days ago</span> </span> </div> </article> <article id="post-143668" class="flex bg-white pb-5 mb-5 sm:pb-6 sm:mb-6 post-143668 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-health tag-msft-content" data-post-index="0"> <a class="flex-shrink-0 w-32 md:w-56 mr-3 sm:mr-4 block" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/intense-cold-exposure-might-actually-help-you-sleep-better-study-shows"> <img width="642" height="260" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/ColdSleepLighter-642x260.jpg" class="w-full h-20 md:h-32 object-cover wp-post-image" alt="man sleeping with mask in blue room" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/ColdSleepLighter-642x260.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/ColdSleepLighter-768x311.jpg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/ColdSleepLighter-600x243.jpg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2024/11/ColdSleepLighter.jpg 1024w" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw, (min-resolution: 192dpi) 50vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) 33.33vw, (min-resolution: 288dpi) 33.33vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) 33.33vw" /> </a> <div class="entry-teaser"> <span class="block"><a class="text-h6 sm:text-h3 font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/intense-cold-exposure-might-actually-help-you-sleep-better-study-shows">Intense Cold Exposure Might Actually Help You Sleep Better, Study Shows</a></span> <span class="flex items-center mt-1 sm:mt-2"> <a class="article-cat text-body-sm sm:text-body-md uppercase font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block mr-3" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/health" style="color: #0074c7">Health</a><span class="article-date text-body-xs sm:text-body-sm text-gray-500 block">3 days ago</span> </span> </div> </article> <article id="post-144239" class="flex bg-white pb-5 mb-5 sm:pb-6 sm:mb-6 post-144239 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-health tag-msft-content" data-post-index="0"> <a class="flex-shrink-0 w-32 md:w-56 mr-3 sm:mr-4 block" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/fasting-style-diet-seems-to-result-in-dynamic-changes-in-human-brain"> <img width="642" height="260" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/12/ClockInsideBrainofPerson-642x260.jpg" class="w-full h-20 md:h-32 object-cover wp-post-image" alt="Clock Inside Brain of Person" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/12/ClockInsideBrainofPerson-642x260.jpg 642w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/12/ClockInsideBrainofPerson-768x311.jpg 768w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/12/ClockInsideBrainofPerson-600x243.jpg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2023/12/ClockInsideBrainofPerson.jpg 1024w" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw, (min-resolution: 192dpi) 50vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) 33.33vw, (min-resolution: 288dpi) 33.33vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) 33.33vw" /> </a> <div class="entry-teaser"> <span class="block"><a class="text-h6 sm:text-h3 font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/fasting-style-diet-seems-to-result-in-dynamic-changes-in-human-brain">Fasting-Style Diet Seems to Result in Dynamic Changes in Human Brain</a></span> <span class="flex items-center mt-1 sm:mt-2"> <a class="article-cat text-body-sm sm:text-body-md uppercase font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block mr-3" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/health" style="color: #0074c7">Health</a><span class="article-date text-body-xs sm:text-body-sm text-gray-500 block">3 days ago</span> </span> </div> </article> <article id="post-144164" class="flex bg-white pb-5 mb-5 sm:pb-6 sm:mb-6 post-144164 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-health tag-msft-content" data-post-index="0"> <a class="flex-shrink-0 w-32 md:w-56 mr-3 sm:mr-4 block" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/misokinesia-phenomenon-could-affect-1-in-3-people-research-shows"> <img width="600" height="243" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2021-09/processed/Misokinesia_600.jpg" class="w-full h-20 md:h-32 object-cover wp-post-image" alt="A man covers his face with his hands and peeks through his fingers." decoding="async" loading="lazy" sizes="(-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) 50vw, (min-resolution: 192dpi) 50vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) 33.33vw, (min-resolution: 288dpi) 33.33vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) 33.33vw" srcset="https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2021-09/processed/Misokinesia_600.jpg 600w, https://www.sciencealert.com/images/2021-09/processed/Misokinesia_1024.jpg 1024w" /> </a> <div class="entry-teaser"> <span class="block"><a class="text-h6 sm:text-h3 font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/misokinesia-phenomenon-could-affect-1-in-3-people-research-shows">'Misokinesia' Phenomenon Could Affect 1 in 3 People, Research Shows</a></span> <span class="flex items-center mt-1 sm:mt-2"> <a class="article-cat text-body-sm sm:text-body-md uppercase font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block mr-3" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/health" style="color: #0074c7">Health</a><span class="article-date text-body-xs sm:text-body-sm text-gray-500 block">3 days ago</span> </span> </div> </article> </div> </section> <aside class="hidden lg:block col-span-sidebar sidebar-gap" data-sticky-container> <div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-mrec ad-slot--container-mrec-1 Purch_D_R_0_1-container"> <div class="ad-slot ad-slot--mrec ad-slot--mrec-1 Purch_D_R_0_1" id='Purch_D_R_0_1'></div> <script> if ('undefined' !== typeof window.tmntag && 'undefined' !== typeof window.tmntag.cmd) { tmntag.cmd.push(function () { tmntag.adTag('Purch_D_R_0_1', false); }); } </script> </div>  <div class="block pt-2 border-t-3 border-sciencealert-yellow"> <span class="text-h2 font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility block mb-7">Trending News</span> <div> <div class="trending-news__inner bg-white border-b border-gray-200 pb-3"> <a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/study-finds-humans-age-faster-at-2-sharp-peaks-heres-when-they-hit" class="text-h5 font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block"> Study Finds Humans Age Faster at 2 Sharp Peaks – Here's When They Hit </a> <span class="flex items-center mt-2"> <a class="article-cat text-body-sm sm:text-body-md uppercase font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block mr-3" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/health" style="color: #0074c7">Health</a><span class="article-date text-body-xs sm:text-body-sm text-gray-500 block">4 days ago</span> </span> </div> <div class="trending-news__inner bg-white border-b border-gray-200 pb-3"> <a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/venting-doesnt-reduce-anger-but-something-else-does-study-shows" class="text-h5 font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block"> Venting Doesn't Reduce Anger, But Something Else Does, Study Shows </a> <span class="flex items-center mt-2"> <a class="article-cat text-body-sm sm:text-body-md uppercase font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block mr-3" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/humans" style="color: #8c16b7">Humans</a><span class="article-date text-body-xs sm:text-body-sm text-gray-500 block">2 days ago</span> </span> </div> <div class="trending-news__inner bg-white border-b border-gray-200 pb-3"> <a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/study-finds-potential-downside-to-vigorous-exercise-that-we-didnt-know-about" class="text-h5 font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block"> Study Finds Potential Downside to Vigorous Exercise That We Didn't Know About </a> <span class="flex items-center mt-2"> <a class="article-cat text-body-sm sm:text-body-md uppercase font-source-sans font-semibold text-legibility inline-block mr-3" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/health" style="color: #0074c7">Health</a><span class="article-date text-body-xs sm:text-body-sm text-gray-500 block">6 days ago</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sticky-ad-container"> <div class="sticky-ad"> <div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-mrec ad-slot--container-mrec-2 Purch_D_R_0_2-container"> <div class="ad-slot ad-slot--mrec ad-slot--mrec-2 Purch_D_R_0_2" id='Purch_D_R_0_2'></div> <script> if ('undefined' !== typeof window.tmntag && 'undefined' !== typeof window.tmntag.cmd) { tmntag.cmd.push(function () { tmntag.adTag('Purch_D_R_0_2', false); }); } </script> </div>  </div> </div> <div class="sticky-el" data-sticky-class="is-stuck" data-margin-top="36"> <div class="ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-hpu ad-slot--container-hpu-3 Purch_D_R_0_3-container"> <div class="ad-slot ad-slot--hpu ad-slot--hpu-3 Purch_D_R_0_3" id='Purch_D_R_0_3'></div> <script> if ('undefined' !== typeof window.tmntag && 'undefined' !== typeof window.tmntag.cmd) { tmntag.cmd.push(function () { tmntag.adTag('Purch_D_R_0_3', false); }); } </script> </div>  </div> </aside> </div> <div class="grid lg:grid-cols-container gap-7"> <section class="col-span-container"> <div class="sa-pagination mt-5 sm:mt-9 block sm:hidden"><span class="page-numbers current">1</span><a href='https://www.sciencealert.com/health/page/2' class="page-numbers">2</a><a href='https://www.sciencealert.com/health/page/3' class="page-numbers">3</a><a href='https://www.sciencealert.com/health/page/4' class="page-numbers">4</a><a href='https://www.sciencealert.com/health/page/5' class="page-numbers">5</a><a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/archive" class="border-l ml-2 pl-5 text-body-sm md:text-body-md">View Archive</a></div><div class="sa-pagination mt-5 sm:mt-9 hidden sm:block"><span class="page-numbers current">1</span><a href='https://www.sciencealert.com/health/page/2' class="page-numbers">2</a><a href='https://www.sciencealert.com/health/page/3' class="page-numbers">3</a><a href='https://www.sciencealert.com/health/page/4' class="page-numbers">4</a><a href='https://www.sciencealert.com/health/page/5' class="page-numbers">5</a><a href='https://www.sciencealert.com/health/page/6' class="page-numbers">6</a><a href='https://www.sciencealert.com/health/page/7' class="page-numbers">7</a><a href='https://www.sciencealert.com/health/page/8' class="page-numbers">8</a><a href='https://www.sciencealert.com/health/page/9' class="page-numbers">9</a><a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/archive" class="border-l ml-2 pl-5 text-body-sm md:text-body-md">View Archive</a></div> <div class="mc-form-wrap w-full bg-sciencealert-yellow my-5 sm:my-9">  <div id="mc_embed_signup"> <span class="flex items-center sm:hidden px-4 pt-5"> <span class="sa-icon-mob flex-shrink-0"> <svg class="sciencealert-icon-svg " width="50" height="50" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-icon-svg" width=50 height=50></use> </svg> </span> <label class="text-h5 font-source-sans font-semibold text-black ml-3" for="mce-EMAIL">Get ScienceAlert news delivered to your inbox.</label> </span> <form action="https://sciencealert.us2.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=3996984deafc554c16e8bdad6&id=fe5632fb09" method="post" id="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" name="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" class="subscribe-form validate flex items-center px-4 sm:px-6 py-5 sm:py-7" target="_blank" novalidate> <span class="sa-icon hidden sm:block flex-shrink-0"> <svg class="sciencealert-icon-svg " width="87" height="87" role="img"> <use href="#sciencealert-icon-svg" width=87 height=87></use> </svg> </span> <div class="w-full sm:ml-6"> <label class="text-h5 font-source-sans font-semibold hidden sm:block text-black mb-3" for="mce-EMAIL">Get ScienceAlert news delivered to your inbox.</label> <div id="mc_embed_signup_scroll" class="flex flex-wrap"> <input type="email" value="" name="EMAIL" class="email signup-email h-9 sm:h-11 p-3 mr-3 sm:mr-4 rounded-none" id="mce-EMAIL" placeholder="Email Address" required>  <div style="position: absolute; left: -5000px;" aria-hidden="true"><input type="text" name="b_3996984deafc554c16e8bdad6_fe5632fb09" tabindex="-1" value=""></div> <input type="submit" value="Subscribe" name="subscribe" id="mc-embedded-subscribe" class="subscribe-btn text-body-md sm:text-body font-source-sans font-semibold bg-black h-9 sm:h-11 w-28 sm:w-36 uppercase text-white cursor-pointer"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="taboola-below-home-thumbnails"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> window._taboola = window._taboola || []; _taboola.push({ mode: 'thumbnails-b', container: 'taboola-below-home-thumbnails', placement: 'Below Home Thumbnails', target_type: 'mix' }); </script>  </section> </div> </main> <div id="theme-svg-footer" class="hidden"> <svg class="" id="sciencealert-icon-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 90 90" style="enable-background:new 0 0 90 90" xml:space="preserve"><path d="M19.72 1.205h50.55c9.94 0 18 8.06 18 18v51.58c0 9.94-8.06 18-18 18H19.72c-9.94 0-18-8.06-18-18v-51.58c0-9.94 8.06-18 18-18z"/><path d="M19.5 1.21c-3.32-.09-6.62.46-9.73 1.61-2.45.93-4.55 2.6-6 4.78a13.96 13.96 0 0 0-2.04 7.77c0 3.27.68 5.78 2.04 7.53a9.991 9.991 0 0 0 5.06 3.55c2.52.71 5.09 1.2 7.7 1.44.11 0 .23.01.34.02.11.01.23.02.34.02.37.06.76.1 1.16.13l1.16.09c2.21.2 3.92.42 5.14.65 1.1.18 2.14.61 3.03 1.27.83.67 1.28 1.71 1.21 2.78 0 1.6-.95 3.05-2.43 3.68-2.24.97-4.68 1.4-7.12 1.27l-14.87-.06v9.43h14.88c3.54.09 7.06-.47 10.39-1.66 2.59-.92 4.83-2.64 6.39-4.91 1.5-2.39 2.25-5.17 2.15-7.98 0-3.59-.76-6.32-2.28-8.2a10.955 10.955 0 0 0-5.55-3.77c-2.69-.72-5.44-1.2-8.22-1.42-.11-.03-.23-.04-.34-.04h-.3c-.23-.03-.45-.05-.67-.07s-.44-.04-.67-.07c-2.21-.2-3.9-.39-5.06-.58-1.03-.14-2.02-.5-2.91-1.05-.76-.49-1.2-1.34-1.16-2.24-.04-1.46.79-2.81 2.11-3.44a13.04 13.04 0 0 1 6.15-1.16l10.56.03v-9.4H19.5z" style="fill:#fff" transform="translate(21.924 21.074)"/><path d="M49.95 13.6H40.8l6.42-6.45-2.97-2.95-6.4 6.43V1.57h-4.18v15.08L44.3 27.24l2.97-2.95-6.47-6.51h9.15V13.6z" style="fill:#feba11" transform="translate(21.924 21.074)"/></svg> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> window._taboola = window._taboola || []; _taboola.push({ flush: true }); </script> <footer> <div id='Purch_Y_L_1_2'></div> </footer> <script type="text/javascript"> var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "10055482" }); (function () { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })(); </script> <noscript> <img src="https://b.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=10055482&cv=2.0&cj=1" alt="Score Card Research NoScript"/> </noscript> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-VT6ZH45353"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-VT6ZH45353'); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.js?ver=latest" id="jquery-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.sciencealert.com/wp-content/themes/science-alert/dist/js/category.min.js?ver=1715735587" id="category-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=009882534323254498007:0ejrj_dbalc" id="gcs-js-js"></script> </body> </html>