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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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Duke of Lennox" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovico_Estuardo" title="Ludovico Estuardo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ludovico Estuardo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovic_Stuart_(2e_duc_de_Lennox)" title="Ludovic Stuart (2e duc de Lennox) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ludovic Stuart (2e duc de Lennox)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovic_Stewart,_II_duca_di_Lennox" title="Ludovic Stewart, II duca di Lennox – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ludovic Stewart, II duca di Lennox" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovic_Stewart" title="Ludovic Stewart – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ludovic Stewart" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Stuart,_2.%C2%BA_Duque_de_Lennox" title="Luís Stuart, 2.º Duque de Lennox – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Luís Stuart, 2.º Duque de Lennox" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li 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biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/His_Grace" class="mw-redirect" title="His Grace">His Grace</a></div><div class="fn">The Duke of Lennox</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludovic_Stewart,_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox,_by_English_School_of_the_17th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Ludovic_Stewart%2C_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox%2C_by_English_School_of_the_17th_century.jpg/220px-Ludovic_Stewart%2C_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox%2C_by_English_School_of_the_17th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Ludovic_Stewart%2C_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox%2C_by_English_School_of_the_17th_century.jpg/330px-Ludovic_Stewart%2C_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox%2C_by_English_School_of_the_17th_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Ludovic_Stewart%2C_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox%2C_by_English_School_of_the_17th_century.jpg/440px-Ludovic_Stewart%2C_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox%2C_by_English_School_of_the_17th_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">29 September 1574</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">16 February 1624 (aged 49)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data title">2nd <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Lennox" title="Duke of Lennox">Duke of Lennox</a> <br /> 1st <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Richmond" title="Duke of Richmond">Duke of Richmond</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Sophia Ruthven</li> <li>Jean Campbell</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Howard,_Duchess_of_Richmond" class="mw-redirect" title="Frances Howard, Duchess of Richmond">Frances Howard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Esm%C3%A9_Stewart,_1st_Duke_of_Lennox" title="Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox">Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox</a> and Catherine de Balsac</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lodovick_Stuart,_1st_Duke_of_Richmond,_and_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox_by_Paul_Van_Somer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lodovick_Stuart%2C_1st_Duke_of_Richmond%2C_and_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox_by_Paul_Van_Somer.jpg/220px-Lodovick_Stuart%2C_1st_Duke_of_Richmond%2C_and_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox_by_Paul_Van_Somer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="380" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lodovick_Stuart%2C_1st_Duke_of_Richmond%2C_and_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox_by_Paul_Van_Somer.jpg/330px-Lodovick_Stuart%2C_1st_Duke_of_Richmond%2C_and_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox_by_Paul_Van_Somer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lodovick_Stuart%2C_1st_Duke_of_Richmond%2C_and_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox_by_Paul_Van_Somer.jpg/440px-Lodovick_Stuart%2C_1st_Duke_of_Richmond%2C_and_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox_by_Paul_Van_Somer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="2070" /></a><figcaption>Ludovic Stewart, 1st Duke of Richmond, 2nd Duke of Lennox, holding white staff of office, wearing the Garter and Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Garter" title="Order of the Garter">Order of the Garter</a>. Portrait circa 1620 by Paul Van Somer, <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marie-stewart-countess-of-mar-d-1644-second-wife-o.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Marie-stewart-countess-of-mar-d-1644-second-wife-o.jpg/220px-Marie-stewart-countess-of-mar-d-1644-second-wife-o.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Marie-stewart-countess-of-mar-d-1644-second-wife-o.jpg/330px-Marie-stewart-countess-of-mar-d-1644-second-wife-o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Marie-stewart-countess-of-mar-d-1644-second-wife-o.jpg/440px-Marie-stewart-countess-of-mar-d-1644-second-wife-o.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2632" /></a><figcaption>Ludovic Stewart's sister, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Stewart,_Countess_of_Mar" title="Marie Stewart, Countess of Mar">Marie Stewart, Countess of Mar</a> (died 1644),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Ludovic_Stewart,_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox_and_1st_Duke_of_Richmond.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Arms_of_Ludovic_Stewart%2C_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox_and_1st_Duke_of_Richmond.svg/220px-Arms_of_Ludovic_Stewart%2C_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox_and_1st_Duke_of_Richmond.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Arms_of_Ludovic_Stewart%2C_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox_and_1st_Duke_of_Richmond.svg/330px-Arms_of_Ludovic_Stewart%2C_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox_and_1st_Duke_of_Richmond.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Arms_of_Ludovic_Stewart%2C_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox_and_1st_Duke_of_Richmond.svg/440px-Arms_of_Ludovic_Stewart%2C_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox_and_1st_Duke_of_Richmond.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption>Arms of Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox and 1st Duke of Richmond: Quarterly of 4, 1&4: Arms awarded in 1427 by King Charles VII of France to Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Stewart_of_Darnley" title="John Stewart of Darnley">John Stewart of Darnley</a>, 1st Seigneur d'Aubigny, 1st Seigneur de Concressault and 1st Comte d'Évreux, Constable of the Scottish Army in France:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Royal arms of France within a bordure of Bonkyll, for the arms of the de Bonkyll family of <a href="/wiki/Bonkyll_Castle" title="Bonkyll Castle">Bonkyll Castle</a> in Scotland (whose <a href="/wiki/Canting_arms" title="Canting arms">canting arms</a> were <i>three buckles</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ancestors of Stewart of Bonkyll, ancestors of Stewart of Darnley, a junior line; 2&3: Stewart of Darnley: Arms of <a href="/wiki/House_of_Stewart" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Stewart">Stewart</a>, Hereditary <a href="/wiki/High_Steward_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="High Steward of Scotland">High Steward of Scotland</a>, a bordure engrailed gules for <a href="/wiki/Difference_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Difference (heraldry)">difference</a>; overall an inescutcheon of Lennox, <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Lennox" title="Earl of Lennox">Earl of Lennox</a>, the heiress of whom was the wife of Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Stewart_of_Darnley" title="John Stewart of Darnley">John Stewart of Darnley</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Ludovic_Stewart_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox_by_Simon_de_Passe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Portrait_of_Ludovic_Stewart_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox_by_Simon_de_Passe.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Ludovic_Stewart_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox_by_Simon_de_Passe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Portrait_of_Ludovic_Stewart_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox_by_Simon_de_Passe.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Ludovic_Stewart_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox_by_Simon_de_Passe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Portrait_of_Ludovic_Stewart_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox_by_Simon_de_Passe.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Ludovic_Stewart_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox_by_Simon_de_Passe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1087" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Ludovic Stewart 2nd Duke of Lennox by Simon de Passe, c.1620-3</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox and 1st Duke of Richmond</b> (29 September 1574 – 16 February 1624), <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_manor" title="Lord of the manor">Lord of the Manor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cobham,_Kent" title="Cobham, Kent">Cobham, Kent</a>, was a <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scottish</a> nobleman who through their paternal lines was a second cousin of King <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James VI of Scotland and I of England</a>. He was involved in the <a href="/wiki/Plantation_of_Ulster" title="Plantation of Ulster">Plantation of Ulster</a> in Ireland and the colonization of <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cape_Elizabeth,_Maine" title="Cape Elizabeth, Maine">Richmond's Island and Cape Richmond</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Maine" title="Richmond, Maine">Richmond, Maine</a> (formerly Fort Richmond), are named after him. His magnificent monument with effigies survives in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludovic_Stewart,_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A2teau_des_Stuarts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ch%C3%A2teau_des_Stuarts.jpg/220px-Ch%C3%A2teau_des_Stuarts.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ch%C3%A2teau_des_Stuarts.jpg/330px-Ch%C3%A2teau_des_Stuarts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ch%C3%A2teau_des_Stuarts.jpg/440px-Ch%C3%A2teau_des_Stuarts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The Château d'Aubigny-sur-Nère, paternal home of <a href="/wiki/Esm%C3%A9_Stewart,_1st_Duke_of_Lennox" title="Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox">Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox, 1st Earl of Lennox</a>. Built by Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_4th_Lord_of_Aubigny" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Stewart, 4th Lord of Aubigny">Robert Stewart, 4th Seigneur d'Aubigny</a> (c.1470–1544) and known to the French today as <i>le château des Stuarts</i></figcaption></figure> <p>He was the eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Esm%C3%A9_Stewart,_1st_Duke_of_Lennox" title="Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox">Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox</a> (1542-1583), a Frenchman of Scottish ancestry, by his wife Catherine de Balsac (1547 - 1631), a daughter of Guillaume de Balsac, Sieur d'Entragues, by his wife Louise d'Humières. Ludovic's father was a favourite and first cousin once removed of King <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James VI of Scotland I of England</a> (the King's father <a href="/wiki/Henry_Stewart,_Lord_Darnley" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley">Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley</a> having been Esmé's first cousin). Ludovic was therefore himself a paternal second cousin to the King.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludovic_Stewart,_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scotland">Scotland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludovic_Stewart,_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 14 November 1583, after the death of his father, he returned from France and was taken to meet King <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James VI</a> of Scotland at <a href="/wiki/Kinneil_House" title="Kinneil House">Kinneil House</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had surrendered the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Aubigny" title="Duke of Aubigny">Seigneurie d'Aubigny</a> to his younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Esm%C3%A9_Stewart,_3rd_Duke_of_Lennox" title="Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox">Esmé</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in that month, the <a href="/wiki/James_Stewart,_Earl_of_Arran" title="James Stewart, Earl of Arran">Earl of Arran</a> installed him in <a href="/wiki/Holyrood_Palace" title="Holyrood Palace">Holyrood Palace</a>, expelling <a href="/wiki/Francis_Stewart,_5th_Earl_of_Bothwell" title="Francis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell">Francis, Earl of Bothwell</a> from his lodgings.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December the king issued instructions for Ludovic's education and placed him in the royal household under the care of Mr <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Moncreiff" title="Gilbert Moncreiff">Gilbert Moncreiff</a>. On 23 December 1583 he was appointed as the High and Great Chamberlain of Scotland and first Gentleman of the King's Bedchamber, as his father had been, with <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Erskine_of_Gogar" title="Alexander Erskine of Gogar">Alexander Erskine of Gogar</a>, Captain of <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Castle" title="Edinburgh Castle">Edinburgh Castle</a> as his deputy. The role included taking oaths of fidelity to the King from the other officers, ushers, and varlets of the Bedchamber and Wardrobe.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 4 October 1590 he played cards with the king for the stake of a new "black <a href="/wiki/Beaver" title="Beaver">castor</a> hat lined with velvet".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> James however became angry with Lennox because he wished to marry Lilias (or Sophie) Ruthven, a daughter of <a href="/wiki/William_Ruthven,_1st_Earl_of_Gowrie" title="William Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie">William Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie</a>. James wanted him to marry a daughter of the <a href="/wiki/William_Douglas,_6th_Earl_of_Morton" title="William Douglas, 6th Earl of Morton">Earl of Morton</a> or <a href="/wiki/Arbella_Stewart" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbella Stewart">Arbella Stewart</a> and had Lilias Ruthven shut up in <a href="/wiki/Wemyss_Castle" title="Wemyss Castle">Wemyss Castle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, Lennox rescued his bride from the castle and married her the next day. After 10 days the king's rage subsided and the couple were allowed to come to court.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the death of Lilias Ruthven in May 1592, the English diplomat <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bowes_(diplomat)" title="Robert Bowes (diplomat)">Robert Bowes</a> heard that the king often received Lennox in his bed when he was away from the court and his queen <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bowes_(diplomat)" title="Robert Bowes (diplomat)">Robert Bowes</a>, the English diplomat in Edinburgh, described a fight on Edinburgh's <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mile" title="Royal Mile">Royal Mile</a> between Lennox and <a href="/wiki/John_Wemyss_of_Logie" title="John Wemyss of Logie">John Wemyss of Logie</a>. Logie had upset or made Lennox jealous in an incident in the king's bed chamber. Bowes said the offence was Logie's "disobedience" to the Duke. Lennox confronted Logie on the street on 7 January 1591 and hit him on the head with his sword. King James, who was walking behind Logie, was dragged into a shop for safety.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lennox was commanded to leave the court for a while, for fighting near the king's person.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some further details were recorded by <a href="/wiki/David_Calderwood" title="David Calderwood">David Calderwood</a>. In his version Logie's offence was to refuse to leave the bedchamber at Lennox's command, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Home,_1st_Earl_of_Home" title="Alexander Home, 1st Earl of Home">Alexander Lord Home</a> helped Lennox attack Logie, and the king's refuge was a skinner's shop where he '<span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><span lang="enm" style="font-style: normal;">fylled his breeches for feare</span></span>'.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after, Lennox was returned to court by the queen's intercession.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1591 he was appointed to the post of Lord High Admiral of Scotland following the disgrace of <a href="/wiki/Francis_Stewart,_5th_Earl_of_Bothwell" title="Francis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell">Francis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell</a>. On 18 October he was playing golf on the sands of Leith with the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Huntly" class="mw-redirect" title="Earl of Huntly">Earl of Huntly</a> and they attempted to arrest Bothwell, who escaped, but Bothwell's horse "Valentine" was captured with Robert Scott brother of the <a href="/wiki/James_Scott_of_Balwearie" title="James Scott of Balwearie">Laird of Balwearie</a>. Lennox arrested <a href="/wiki/Michael_Balfour,_1st_Lord_Balfour_of_Burleigh" title="Michael Balfour, 1st Lord Balfour of Burleigh">Michael Balfour</a> of <a href="/wiki/Burleigh_Castle" title="Burleigh Castle">Burleigh</a> and John Wemyss of Logie on 8 August 1592 on suspicion of conspiracy with Bothwell. They were interrogated at <a href="/wiki/Dalkeith_Palace" title="Dalkeith Palace">Dalkeith Palace</a>. Burleigh was released and Logie escaped with the help of his Danish girlfriend <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Winstar" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret Winstar">Margaret Winstar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 13 February 1593 Lennox decided to play golf with <a href="/wiki/James_Sandilands_(courtier)" title="James Sandilands (courtier)">Sir James Sandilands</a> at Leith. On their way they met <a href="/wiki/John_Graham,_Lord_Hallyards" title="John Graham, Lord Hallyards">John Graham</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Session" title="Court of Session">Lord of Session</a>, who thought Sandilands was attacking him. They had a feud over land ownership. The two groups of attendants fired on each other with pistols and John Graham and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stewart_(diplomat)" title="Alexander Stewart (diplomat)">Sir Alexander Stewart</a>, a companion of the duke, were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 6 May 1593 the Duke and 15 friends subscribed to a frivolous legal document swearing to abstain from wearing gold and silver trimmings on their clothes for a year, and the defaulters were to pay for a banquet for all at <a href="/wiki/John_Kinloch_(post_master)" title="John Kinloch (post master)">John Kinloch's</a> house. This "<a href="/wiki/Passementerie" title="Passementerie">passement</a> bond" was in part inspired by cheap counterfeit gold and silver thread used in "passements great or small, plain or <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%80_jour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="À jour (page does not exist)">à jour</a></i>, bissets, lilykins, cordons, and fringes" which quickly discoloured. The signatories included <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Home,_1st_Lord_Home" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Home, 1st Lord Home">Lord Home</a>, the <a href="/wiki/John_Erskine,_Earl_of_Mar_(1558%E2%80%931634)" title="John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1558–1634)">Earl of Mar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lindsay,_1st_Lord_Spynie" title="Alexander Lindsay, 1st Lord Spynie">Lord Spynie</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lyon_(of_Auldbar)" title="Thomas Lyon (of Auldbar)">Master of Glamis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Erskine,_1st_Earl_of_Kellie" title="Thomas Erskine, 1st Earl of Kellie">Sir Thomas Erskine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Stewart_of_Blantyre" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Stewart of Blantyre">Walter Stewart of Blantyre</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Home,_Earl_of_Dunbar" class="mw-redirect" title="George Home, Earl of Dunbar">Sir George Home</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Seton_of_Parbroath" title="David Seton of Parbroath">David Seton of Parbroath</a>, and Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Keith_of_Delny" title="William Keith of Delny">William Keith of Delny</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As <a href="/wiki/List_of_Lord_High_Admirals_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Lord High Admirals of Scotland">Great Admiral of Scotland</a>, on 12 October 1593 Lennox gave Daniel Leyne a warrant to seize a ship captained by James Keeler of London, which was loading salt at <a href="/wiki/Prestonpans" title="Prestonpans">Prestonpans</a>. The ship was taken in recompense for the <i>Bruce of Leith</i> of <a href="/wiki/George_Bruce_of_Carnock" title="George Bruce of Carnock">George Bruce of Carnock</a>, captured by English privateers off the coast of Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after, as Lennox was now out of favour with James VI, he went to <a href="/wiki/St_Andrews" title="St Andrews">St Andrews</a> in October 1593 and considered returning to France.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the baptism of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Frederick,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales">Prince Henry</a> drew near, <a href="/wiki/John_Colville_(c._1540%E2%80%931605)" title="John Colville (c. 1540–1605)">John Colville</a> reported a rumour at the Scottish court that James VI had conceived jealousy against Anne of Denmark, and even thought that Lennox might be the father of Prince Henry.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This disagreement was probably part of a wider factional struggle.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Lennox remained in the king's favour, and at the <a href="/wiki/Masque_at_the_baptism_of_Prince_Henry" title="Masque at the baptism of Prince Henry">tournament at Prince Henry's baptism</a> in August 1594 Lennox rode in a Turkish costume.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lennox was made the King's Lieutenant of the North, and took a force to the north of Scotland against the Earls of <a href="/wiki/George_Gordon,_1st_Marquess_of_Huntly" title="George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly">Huntly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francis_Hay,_9th_Earl_of_Erroll" title="Francis Hay, 9th Earl of Erroll">Erroll</a>. The castles of <a href="/wiki/Ruthven_Barracks" title="Ruthven Barracks">Ruthven in Badenoch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inverness_Castle" title="Inverness Castle">Inverness</a> surrendered to him, and he held justice courts in <a href="/wiki/Elgin,_Moray" title="Elgin, Moray">Elgin</a>. The wages of his soldiers were paid from money given by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Queen Elizabeth</a> to James VI.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He ordered his sister the <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Stewart" title="Henrietta Stewart">Countess of Huntly</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Douglas,_Countess_of_Erroll" title="Elizabeth Douglas, Countess of Erroll">Countess of Erroll</a> to go the court of James VI.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 February 1595 he came to Aberdeen, and was made a burgess of the town at the Mercat Cross.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several members of his retinue were also made burgesses, including <a href="/wiki/Robert_Melville,_1st_Lord_Melville" title="Robert Melville, 1st Lord Melville">Sir Robert Melville of Murdocairny</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Moysie" title="David Moysie">David Moysie</a> secretary-depute to the king.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When his horse was sick, Lennox wrote to the Laird of <a href="/wiki/Kilravock_Castle" title="Kilravock Castle">Kilravock</a> to borrow his "black hackney nag".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a New Year's day gift in 1596 James VI give him a jewel with a crown set with diamonds worth 90 <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cu" title="Écu">crowns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1597 James VI allowed Adam Bruntfield and James Carmichael, son of <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Carmichael" title="Sir John Carmichael">Sir John Carmichael</a>, to fight in single combat on <a href="/wiki/Cramond_Island" title="Cramond Island">Cramond Island</a>, or the nearby <a href="/wiki/Barnbougle_Castle" title="Barnbougle Castle">Links of Barnbougle</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because Bruntfield accused Carmichael of killing his brother, Stephen Bruntfield, Captain of <a href="/wiki/Tantallon_Castle" title="Tantallon Castle">Tantallon</a>, in treasonous circumstances. Lennox went to the island to be the judge of their fight with the <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott,_1st_Lord_Scott_of_Buccleuch" title="Walter Scott, 1st Lord Scott of Buccleuch">Laird of Buccleuch</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Sandilands_(courtier)" title="James Sandilands (courtier)">Sir James Sandilands</a>. They wore lightweight clothes of satin and taffeta, one in blue, and one in red. Bruntfield killed Carmichael. There were said to be 5,000 spectators.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lennox hosted a banquet for the <a href="/wiki/Ulrik_of_Denmark_(1578%E2%80%931624)" title="Ulrik of Denmark (1578–1624)">Duke of Holstein</a>, brother of Anna of Denmark, on 25 May 1598.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lennox joined with the "<a href="/wiki/Gentleman_Adventurers_of_Fife" title="Gentleman Adventurers of Fife">Gentleman Adventurers of Fife</a>" in a controversial project to resettle the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Lewis" title="Isle of Lewis">Isle of Lewis</a>. The king gave him the title Lieutenant within the bounds of Lewis, Ronalewis, and Trouternes.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lennox intended to go to Lewis in October 1598, and in December he was at the <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Castle" title="Gordon Castle">Bog o'Gight</a> with the <a href="/wiki/George_Gordon,_1st_Marquess_of_Huntly" title="George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly">Earl of Huntly</a> and planning to go to Lewis when the other adventurers or Lewisers arrived there.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="England">England<span class="anchor" id="Naturalization_of_Duke_of_Lennox_and_Children_Act_1603"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludovic_Stewart,_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following his <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Crowns" title="Union of the Crowns">accession to the English throne</a> in 1603, King James (now also known as James I of England) created him Lord Settrington and <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Richmond" title="Earl of Richmond">Earl of Richmond</a> (1613), and <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Newcastle" title="Earl of Newcastle">Earl of Newcastle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Richmond" title="Duke of Richmond">Duke of Richmond</a> (1623), all these titles being in the <a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_England" title="Peerage of England">Peerage of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>King James was displeased with Lennox in June 1603 over the management of Anne of Denmark's business. He felt that Lennox should have persuaded her not to appoint one Kennedy as her chamberlain, when he preferred <a href="/wiki/George_Carew,_1st_Earl_of_Totnes" title="George Carew, 1st Earl of Totnes">George Carew</a>. The King objected to some of her other appointments and sent Lennox back to Scotland, where she remained, to amend matters.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lennox travelled with her to England. Her large crowd of followers was disorderly, and Lennox, with the Earls of <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Talbot,_7th_Earl_of_Shrewsbury" title="Gilbert Talbot, 7th Earl of Shrewsbury">Shrewsbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Clifford,_3rd_Earl_of_Cumberland" title="George Clifford, 3rd Earl of Cumberland">Cumberland</a> made a proclamation at <a href="/wiki/Worksop_Manor" title="Worksop Manor">Worksop Manor</a> on 19 June that her followers should put aside any private quarrels, and hangers-on without formal roles should leave.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 1603 the Spanish ambassador, the <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Tassis,_1st_Count_of_Villamediana" title="Juan de Tassis, 1st Count of Villamediana">Count of Villamediana</a>, invited the Duke of Lennox and the <a href="/wiki/John_Erskine,_Earl_of_Mar_(1558%E2%80%931634)" title="John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1558–1634)">Earl of Mar</a> to dinner, and according to <a href="/wiki/Arbella_Stuart" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbella Stuart">Arbella Stuart</a> asked them "to bring the Scottish ladies for he was desirous to see some natural beauties". These included <a href="/wiki/Jean_Ker,_Countess_of_Roxburghe" title="Jean Ker, Countess of Roxburghe">Jean Drummond</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anna_Hay,_Countess_of_Winton" title="Anna Hay, Countess of Winton">Anna Hay</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Trevannion" title="Elizabeth Trevannion">Elizabeth Carey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 January 1604 Lennox organised and performed at <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Hampton Court">Hampton Court</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Masque_of_Indian_and_China_Knights" title="The Masque of Indian and China Knights">The Masque of Indian and China Knights</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Lennox was a conduit for patronage and court appointments, and those hoping to place their allies at court would solicit his favour. However, Lennox claimed that placing more Scottish people in the king's household had become difficult. He wrote to Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Livingstone_of_Kilsyth" title="William Livingstone of Kilsyth">William Livingstone of Kilsyth</a> who had asked for a place for a Napier of <a href="/wiki/Merchiston_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchiston Castle">Merchiston Castle</a>;</p><blockquote><p>"although the King has this long time promised Merchiston ever the next vacant place, yet many has been placed over him and in this has found great impediments; for believe that a stranger shall find great difficulty to obtain any such place so long as there is any English man that does aim at it; for it is thought by them all that there is already too many Scots here in such places."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>He went as ambassador to France in January 1605. The mission was to return the compliment of the embassy of the <a href="/wiki/Maximilien_de_B%C3%A9thune,_Duke_of_Sully" title="Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully">Marquis de Rosny</a>, who came to London in 1603.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lennox's cousin, the <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Henriette_de_Balzac_d%27Entragues" title="Catherine Henriette de Balzac d'Entragues">Marquise de Verneuil</a>, was under house arrest in Paris, and was moved to different lodging far from the Duke's apartments.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1606 Lennox was sent to <a href="/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend">Gravesend</a> to welcome <a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark" title="Christian IV of Denmark">Christian IV of Denmark-Norway</a>, the younger brother of the queen <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a>, to England. His companions included <a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Gordon,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Robert Gordon, 1st Baronet">Sir Robert Gordon of Gordonstoun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1605 he joined the King and Queen at <a href="/wiki/Drayton_House" title="Drayton House">Drayton House</a> in Northamptonshire.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Draperies">New Draperies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludovic_Stewart,_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: New Draperies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1605 King James granted Lennox a patent for the "New Draperies" which had been resigned by Sir <a href="/wiki/George_Delves" title="George Delves">George Delves</a> and William Fitzwilliam. He was much better placed than these men to exploit the grant and litigate with provincial traders and craftsmen. He employed the London lawyers Anthony Gibson and Richard Hadsor to uphold the rights of his agents in <a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a>, who searched and checked textiles sent to London. In 1614 he extended his efforts to claim dues from stockings made in <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Yorkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond, Yorkshire">Richmond, Yorkshire</a>. Several Members of Parliament protested against his exactions.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scotland_in_1607">Scotland in 1607</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludovic_Stewart,_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Scotland in 1607"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lennox was in Scotland as High Commissioner of the Parliament from July 1607. His account of household expenses details his movements and the food he and his retainers consumed. He stayed at first at <a href="/wiki/Holyrood_Palace" title="Holyrood Palace">Holyrood Palace</a> and his servant Walter Murray nailed his tapestries to the walls of his lodging. He also stayed in John Kinloch's house in Edinburgh. He spent time with <a href="/wiki/John_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Atholl_(1566%E2%80%931603)" title="John Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl (1566–1603)">Mary Ruthven, Countess of Atholl</a>, a sister of his first wife, and gave her money. He visited <a href="/wiki/St_Andrews" title="St Andrews">St Andrews</a> and was in Stirling with his daughter Elizabeth in November. His master cook William Murkie had worked for <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lennox made a brief visit to Scotland in August 1616. He was escorting the <a href="/wiki/Marquis_of_Huntly" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquis of Huntly">Marquis of Huntly</a> home.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="England_again">England again</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludovic_Stewart,_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: England again"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 9 February 1608 he performed in the masque <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hue_and_Cry_After_Cupid" title="The Hue and Cry After Cupid">The Hue and Cry After Cupid</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Whitehall_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitehall Palace">Whitehall Palace</a> as a sign of the zodiac, to celebrate the wedding of <a href="/wiki/John_Ramsay,_1st_Earl_of_Holderness" title="John Ramsay, 1st Earl of Holderness">John Ramsay, Viscount Haddington</a> to Elizabeth Radclyffe.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lennox acquired the royal patent to mint <a href="/wiki/Farthing_(British_coin)#Licenced_farthings" title="Farthing (British coin)">copper farthings</a> in 1614, which he held until his death in 1624. </p><p>As part of the <a href="/wiki/Plantation_of_Ulster" title="Plantation of Ulster">Plantation of Ulster</a>, in 1608 Lennox was granted lands at Portlough in the Barony of Raphoe in County Donegal. The Pynnar Survey of 1618 records Lennox as the chief undertaker for 2,000 acres in the Portlough area and as represented locally by his agent Sir <a href="/wiki/Aulay_MacAulay_of_Ardincaple" title="Aulay MacAulay of Ardincaple">Aulant Aula</a>. Newtownstewart in County Tyrone, now in Northern Ireland, may have been named after him. In the Muster Rolls of 1631, his nephew and eventual heir <a href="/wiki/James_Stewart,_1st_Duke_of_Richmond" title="James Stewart, 1st Duke of Richmond">James Stewart, 1st Duke of Richmond, 4th Duke of Lennox</a> is described as being an undertaker of 4,000 acres. <a href="/wiki/Mongavlin_Castle" title="Mongavlin Castle">Mongavlin Castle</a> was built by his son Sir John Stewart, who was also Governor of <a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Castle" title="Dumbarton Castle">Dumbarton Castle</a>. </p><p>Ludovic was involved in the colonization of <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>, through his seat on the <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Company" title="Plymouth Company">Plymouth Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cape_Elizabeth,_Maine" title="Cape Elizabeth, Maine">Richmond Island and Cape Richmond</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Maine" title="Richmond, Maine">Richmond, Maine</a> (formerly Fort Richmond), are named after him. </p><p>On 16 October 1612 Lennox was involved in welcoming the <a href="/wiki/Count_palatine" title="Count palatine">Palsgrave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_V_of_the_Palatinate" title="Frederick V of the Palatinate">Frederick V of the Palatinate</a>, the husband-to-be of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Stuart,_Queen_of_Bohemia" title="Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia">Princess Elizabeth</a>. Lennox and ten other noblemen met him at <a href="/wiki/Gravesend" title="Gravesend">Gravesend</a> and brought him to London in a convoy of barges. They were met by the <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Duke of York</a> on the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">Thames</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>. They alighted at <a href="/wiki/Whitehall_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitehall Palace">Whitehall Palace</a> and brought the Palsgrave into the royal presence in the Banqueting Hall.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 1614 thieves broke into his lodgings at <a href="/wiki/Whitehall_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitehall Palace">Whitehall Palace</a> and stole a gold collar set with pearls and diamonds worth £300, a silver warming pan, a silver inkstand, and some linen.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A bed in his lodgings at the gatehouse of Whitehall Palace had belonged to "Lady Lennox", <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Douglas" title="Margaret Douglas">Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox</a>, who had "worked" or embroidered the curtains.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1620 he wrote to <a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Gordon,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Robert Gordon, 1st Baronet">Sir Robert Gordon</a> in Paris asking him to buy a dozen masks and a dozen gloves for gentlewomen, engaging the help of Madame de Gie and the Marquise de Vermont if possible.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriages_and_family">Marriages and family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludovic_Stewart,_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Marriages and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frances,_Duchess_of_Richmond_and_Lennox.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Frances%2C_Duchess_of_Richmond_and_Lennox.jpg/220px-Frances%2C_Duchess_of_Richmond_and_Lennox.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Frances%2C_Duchess_of_Richmond_and_Lennox.jpg/330px-Frances%2C_Duchess_of_Richmond_and_Lennox.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Frances%2C_Duchess_of_Richmond_and_Lennox.jpg/440px-Frances%2C_Duchess_of_Richmond_and_Lennox.jpg 2x" data-file-width="865" data-file-height="1431" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Frances_Howard,_Duchess_of_Richmond" class="mw-redirect" title="Frances Howard, Duchess of Richmond">Frances Howard</a>, Lennox's third wife</figcaption></figure> <p>King <a href="/wiki/James_VI_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="James VI of Scotland">James VI of Scotland</a> had discussed with <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fowler_(courtier)" title="Thomas Fowler (courtier)">Thomas Fowler</a> the possibility of the Duke marrying <a href="/wiki/Arbella_Stuart" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbella Stuart">Arbella Stuart</a>, but the scheme was not proceeded with.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He married three times. </p> <ul><li>In April 1591, Lennox released Sophia Ruthven, a daughter of <a href="/wiki/William_Ruthven,_1st_Earl_of_Gowrie" title="William Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie">William Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Stewart,_Countess_of_Gowrie" title="Dorothea Stewart, Countess of Gowrie">Dorothea Stewart</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Wemyss_Castle" title="Wemyss Castle">Wemyss Castle</a> and married her on 15 April 1591 (her age being around 16).<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She died in May 1592 and was buried in <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Kirk" title="Trinity College Kirk">Trinity College Kirk</a> in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On 3 September 1598, he married Jean Campbell, a great-granddaughter of King <a href="/wiki/James_IV_of_Scotland" title="James IV of Scotland">James IV of Scotland</a>. The wedding banquet, attended by the king, was at <a href="/wiki/Sorn_Castle" title="Sorn Castle">Sorn Castle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lennox wrote in April 1605 to William Livingstone of Kilsyth, who managed some of his Scottish estates, that he wished to "rid me of her" and "be quit of her." In December 1610 after Jean's death, her brother Hugh Campbell of Loudon complained that the Duke had taken her fine things to England, leaving her "drowned in great debt" with only an old silver basin, three little cups, and their children.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had a daughter, Lady Elizabeth Stewart. In September 1607 Lennox complained that Dame Jean Campbell kept Elizabeth away from him and also neglected her education.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On 16 June 1621, he married <a href="/wiki/Frances_Howard,_Duchess_of_Richmond" class="mw-redirect" title="Frances Howard, Duchess of Richmond">Frances Howard</a>, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_1st_Viscount_Howard_of_Bindon" title="Thomas Howard, 1st Viscount Howard of Bindon">Thomas Howard, 1st Viscount Howard of Bindon</a>.</li></ul> <p>Lennox also had a son with a mistress whose name is unknown: </p> <ul><li>Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Stewart_of_Methven" title="John Stewart of Methven">John Stewart of Methven</a>, governor of <a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Castle" title="Dumbarton Castle">Dumbarton Castle</a> and builder of <a href="/wiki/Mongavlin_Castle" title="Mongavlin Castle">Mongavlin Castle</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_burial">Death and burial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludovic_Stewart,_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death and burial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stuart_family_vault.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Stuart_family_vault.jpg/220px-Stuart_family_vault.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Stuart_family_vault.jpg/330px-Stuart_family_vault.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Stuart_family_vault.jpg/440px-Stuart_family_vault.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3162" data-file-height="4429" /></a><figcaption>The Stewart family vault, Westminster Abbey</figcaption></figure> <p>Stewart died suddenly in bed in his lodging at Whitehall Palace on the morning of 16 February 1624 aged 49 without a legitimate male issue.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A funeral hearse with his effigy on a bed of state was displayed at Hatton House.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Stewart was buried in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>, in the Richmond Vault<sup id="cite_ref-westminster-abbey.org_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-westminster-abbey.org-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_Chapel" title="Henry VII Chapel">Henry VII Chapel</a> (that king formerly having been <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Richmond" title="Earl of Richmond">Earl of Richmond</a>) above which is his domed black marble monument by <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Le_Sueur" title="Hubert Le Sueur">Hubert Le Sueur</a> with gilt-bronze recumbent effigies of himself and his wife. The Latin inscription may be translated as follows:</p><blockquote> <dl><dd>Here lies the body of the most illustrious and most excellent prince, Ludovic, son of Esme Stuart, Duke of Lennox, grandson of John, nephew<i> (sic, 2nd cousin) </i>to the serene Prince King James I, Duke of Richmond and Lennox, Earl of Newcastle upon Tyne and Darnley, Chamberlain and Hereditary Admiral of Scotland, Lord High Steward of the Household, first Gentleman of the Bedchamber and Privy Counsellor to his sacred Majesty King James, Knight of the Garter, Ambassador from Scotland to France; a prince born to every thing that was great and good, but gone to far better. He lived 49 years, 4 months and 17 days. The most illustrious and most excellent princess Frances Duchess of Richmond and Lennox, daughter of Thomas Lord Howard of Bindon, son to the Duke of Norfolk by Elizabeth daughter of Edward, Duke of Buckingham, wife of Ludovic Stuart, Duke of Richmond and Lennox, who, ever mindful of this her dearest lord, hath to him who so well deserved it, and to herself, erected this monument. She died the 8th of October A.D. 1639<i>.<sup id="cite_ref-westminster-abbey.org_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-westminster-abbey.org-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></dd></dl></blockquote> <p>The Latin of the Biblical quotation (2. Samuel 3, 38: "Know ye not that a prince and a great man is this day dead") contains a <a href="/wiki/Chronogram" title="Chronogram">chronogram</a> forming the Roman numerals of 1623 (old style, 1624 new style), the year of his death.<sup id="cite_ref-westminster-abbey.org_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-westminster-abbey.org-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Titles">Titles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludovic_Stewart,_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 6 October 1613 he was created Baron of Settrington (of Yorkshire) and Earl of Richmond (of Yorkshire), and on 17 May 1623 Earl of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne and <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Richmond" title="Duke of Richmond">Duke of Richmond</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On his death the title of Duke of Richmond became extinct, but the paternal Scottish title of <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Lennox" title="Duke of Lennox">Duke of Lennox</a> passed to his younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Esm%C3%A9_Stewart,_3rd_Duke_of_Lennox" title="Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox">Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox</a> (1579-1624).<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludovic_Stewart,_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Newcastle" title="Earl of Newcastle">Earl of Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Council_for_New_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Plymouth Council for New England">Plymouth Council for New England</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludovic_Stewart,_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bergeron, David M.(2022), <i>The Duke of Lennox, 1574 - 1624: A Jacobean Courtier's Life</i>, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press" title="Edinburgh University Press">Edinburgh University Press</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781399500456" title="Special:BookSources/9781399500456">9781399500456</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludovic_Stewart,_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/3195/marie-stewart-countess-mar-d-1644-second-wife-2nd-earl-mar">National Galleries of Scotland</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cust, Lady Elizabeth, <i>Some Account of the Stuarts of Aubigny, in France</i>, London, 1891, pp.12-14 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/someaccountstua00custgoog/page/n9/mode/2up">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnston, G. Harvey, <i>The Heraldry of the Stewarts</i>, Edinburgh, 1906, p.47 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://deriv.nls.uk/dcn23/9558/95587188.23.pdf">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Penrhyn_Stanley" title="Arthur Penrhyn Stanley">Stanley, A.P.</a>, <i>Historical Memorials of Westminster Abbey</i> (<a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(publishing_house)" title="John Murray (publishing house)">John Murray</a>; <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>), p. 196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David M. Bergeron, <i>The Duke of Lennox, 1574-1624: A Jacobean Courtier's Life</i> (Edinburgh, 2022), p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moysie, David, <i>Memoirs of the Affairs of Scotland</i>, vol.1 (Edinburgh, 1830), p.147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacpherson2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Macpherson, Rob (2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-26724">"Stuart [Stewart], Ludovick, second duke of Lennox and duke of Richmond"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F26724">10.1093/ref:odnb/26724</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861412-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861412-8"><bdi>978-0-19-861412-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Stuart+%5BStewart%5D%2C+Ludovick%2C+second+duke+of+Lennox+and+duke+of+Richmond&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F26724&rft.isbn=978-0-19-861412-8&rft.aulast=Macpherson&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F9780198614128.001.0001%2Fodnb-9780198614128-e-26724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALudovic+Stewart%2C+2nd+Duke+of+Lennox" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Calendar State Papers Scotland: 1581-1583</i>, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1910), p. 638.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon Donaldson, <i>Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland: 1581-1584</i>, vol. 8 (HMSO: Edinburgh, 1982), pp. 278-9, no. 1679.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jemma Field, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14629712.2019.1626120">'Dressing a Queen: The Wardrobe of Anna of Denmark at the Scottish Court of King James VI, 1590–1603', <i>The Court Historian</i>, 24:2 (2019), p. 165, citing National Records of Scotland E35/13</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jamie Reid Baxter, 'John Burel', in Houwen, MacDonald, Mapstone, eds,<i>A Palace in the Wild</i> (Leuven, 2000), pp. 210-212: <i>Calendar State Papers Scotland</i>, vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1936), p. 410.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adrienne McLaughlin, 'Rise of a Courtier', Miles Kerr-Peterson & Steven Reid, eds, <i>James VI and Noble Power in Scotland</i> (Abingdon, 2017), pp. 147-8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Calendar State Papers Scotland</i>, vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1936), p. 678 no. 687.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Chambers, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/domesticannalsof01chamiala/page/222"><i>Domestic Annals of Scotland</i>, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1848), p. 222</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Calendar State Papers Scotland</i>, vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1936), p. 450.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Thomson ed., <i>History of the Kirk of Scotland by David Calderwood</i>, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1844), pp. 116-7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leeds Barroll, <i>Anna of Denmark</i> (Pennsylvania, 2001), p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Calendar State Papers Scotland</i>, vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1936), pp. 578, 750-3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Annie I. Cameron, <i>Calendar State Papers Scotland</i>, vol. 11 (Edinburgh, 1936), p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Historical Manuscripts Commission, 4th Report: Mrs. Erskine Murray</i> (London, 1874), p. 527, these documents are held by the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Scotland" title="National Library of Scotland">National Library of Scotland</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Annie_Cameron" title="Annie Cameron">Annie Cameron</a>, <i>Calendar State Papers Scotland, 1593-1595</i>, vol. 11 (Edinburgh, 1936), pp. 196-8, 203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Annie_Cameron" title="Annie Cameron">Annie I. Cameron</a>, <i>Calendar State Papers Scotland: 1593-1595</i>, vol. 11 (Edinburgh, 1936), p. 202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Letters of John Colville</i> (Edinburgh, 1858), pp. 109, 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Bath, <i>Emblems in Scotland: Motifs and Meanings</i> (Brill, Leiden, 2018), pp. 97-101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Annie I. Cameron, <i>Calendar State Papers Scotland: 1593-1595</i>, vol. 11 (Edinburgh, 1936), p. 499.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Annie_Cameron" title="Annie Cameron">Annie I. Cameron</a>, <i>Calendar of State Papers Scotland: 1593-1595</i>, vol. 11 (Edinburgh, 1936), pp. 513-4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044025671272&view=1up&seq=148"><i>Spalding Club Miscellany</i>, vol. 5 (Aberdeen, 1852), p. 60</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Stuart, <i>Extracts Council Register of Aberdeen: 1570-1625</i>, vol. 2 (Aberdeen, 1848), p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cosmo Innes, <i>Genealogical deduction of the family of Rose of Kilravock</i> (Aberdeen, 1848), p. 276.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Miles Kerr-Peterson & Michael Pearce, 'James VI's English Subsidy and Danish Dowry Accounts, 1588-1596', <i>Scottish History Society Miscellany XVI</i> (Woodbridge, 2020), p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Annie_Cameron" title="Annie Cameron">Annie I. Cameron</a>, <i>Warrender Papers</i>, vol. 1 (SHS: Edinburgh, 1931), p. 279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Chambers, <i>Domestic Annals of Scotland</i>, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1858), p. 285: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chronicleofkings00mait/page/156/mode/2up">John Mackenzie, <i>A chronicle of the Kings of Scotland from Fergus the First, to James the Sixth</i> (Edinburgh, 1830), pp. 156-7</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fragmentsscotis00dalygoog/page/n148">'The Diarey (sic) of Robert Birrell', in John Graham Dalyell, <i>Fragments of Scottish History</i> (Edinburgh, 1798), p. 42</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Duncan_Mackie" title="John Duncan Mackie">John Duncan Mackie</a>, <i>Calendar State Papers Scotland</i> vol. 13 part 1 (Edinburgh, 1969), pp. 220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Register of the Privy Council of Scotland</i>, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1882), p. 480.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Calendar State Papers Scotland</i>, vol. 13 part 1 (Edinburgh, 1969), pp. 316, 320, 323, 354.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Lennox" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lennox">Lennox</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 420.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lennox&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=420&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALudovic+Stewart%2C+2nd+Duke+of+Lennox" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edmund Lodge, <i>Illustrations of British History</i>, vol. 3 (London, 1791), p. 164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Horatio Brown, <i>Calendar State Papers, Venice: 1603-1607</i>, vol. 10 (London, 1900), p. 40 no. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Doran" title="Susan Doran">Susan Doran</a>, <i>From Tudor to Stewart: the regime change from Elizabeth I to James I</i> (Oxford, 2024), p. 121: <a href="/wiki/Mary_Anne_Everett_Green" title="Mary Anne Everett Green">Mary Anne Everett Green</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/calendarstatepa00greegoog/page/24/mode/2up"><i>Calendar State Papers Domestic, 1603-1610</i> (London, 1857), p. 24 TNA SP 14/2 f.13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sara Jayne Steen, <i>Letters of Lady Arbella Stuart</i> (Oxford, 1994), p. 192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leeds Barroll, <i>Anna of Denmark, Queen of England: A Cultural Biography</i> (Philadelphia, 2001), p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>HMC Laing Manuscripts at the University of Edinburgh</i>, vol. 1 (London, 1914), p. 106-7, modernised here.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Horatio Brown, <i>Calendar State Papers, Venice: 1603-1607</i>, vol. 10 (London, 1900), p. 188 no. 288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Horatio Brown, <i>Calendar State Papers, Venice: 1603-1607</i>, vol. 10 (London, 1900), p. 209 no. 327.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Gordon, <i>Genealogical history of the Earldom of Sutherland</i> (Edinburgh, 1813), p. 315.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>HMC Lord De L'Isle & Dudley</i>, vol. 3 (London, 1936), p. 188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Joan_Thirsk" title="Joan Thirsk">Joan Thirsk</a>, <i>Economic Policy and Projects: The Development of a Consumer Society in Early Modern England</i> (Clarendon: Oxford, 1978), pp. 62-5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/miscellanyedbya00clubgoog/page/n180/mode/2up">'Household Account of Ludovick Duke of Lennox', <i>Miscellany of the Maitland Club</i>, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1833), pp. 161-191</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Birch" title="Thomas Birch">Thomas Birch</a> & Folkestone Williams, <i>Court and Times of James the First</i>, vol. 1 (London, 1848), p. 422.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edmund Lodge, <i>Illustrations of British History</i>, vol. 3 (London, 1838), p. 223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ellis_(librarian)" title="Henry Ellis (librarian)">Henry Ellis</a>, <i>Original Letters</i>, 3rd series, vol. 4 (London, 1846), pp. 170-1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Cordy Jeaffreson, <i>Middlesex County Records</i>, vol. 2 (London, 1882), p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>HMC 6th Report: W. G. C Cumming</i> (London, 1877), p. 682: TNA SP 14/171 f.135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>HMC 6th Report: W. G. C. Cumming</i> (London, 1877), p. 682.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Calendar State Papers Scotland</i>, vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1936), p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adrienne McLaughlin, 'Rise of a Courtier', Miles Kerr-Peterson & Steven Reid, eds, <i>James VI and Noble Power in Scotland</i> (Abingdon, 2017), pp. 147–8: <i>Calendar State Papers Scotland: 1589–1593</i>, vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1936), p. 502.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">?Author, <i>Grant's Old and New Edinburgh</i> vol. 2 (?Publisher, ?Date), p. 305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Duncan Mackie, <i>Calendar State Papers Scotland: 1597-1603</i>, 13:1 (Edinburgh, 1969), p. 277: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manudavidmilneho00greauoft/page/70/mode/2up"><i>HMC Report on the Manuscripts of Colonel David Milne Home of Wedderburn Castle</i>, (London, 1902), p. 70</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>HMC Reports on various collections: Archibald Edmonstone of Duntreath and John James Graham of Fintry</i>, vol. 5 (London, 1909), pp. 111-2, 114-7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Masson, <i>Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, 1604-1607</i>, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1885), p. 444.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elizabeth McClure Thomson, <i>The Chamberlain Letters</i> (London, 1966), p. 327.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-westminster-abbey.org-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-westminster-abbey.org_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-westminster-abbey.org_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-westminster-abbey.org_62-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/commemorations/ludovic-frances-esme-stuart">"Ludovic, Frances & Esme Stuart"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ludovic%2C+Frances+%26+Esme+Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.westminster-abbey.org%2Fabbey-commemorations%2Fcommemorations%2Fludovic-frances-esme-stuart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALudovic+Stewart%2C+2nd+Duke+of+Lennox" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. E. Cokayne, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Peerage" title="The Complete Peerage">The Complete Peerage</a></i>, n.s., vol. 7, p. 606</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNeill1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_McNeill,_1st_Baron_Cushendun" title="Ronald McNeill, 1st Baron Cushendun">McNeill, Ronald John</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Richmond, Earls and Dukes of"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Richmond,_Earls_and_Dukes_of">"Richmond, Earls and Dukes of" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 306.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Richmond%2C+Earls+and+Dukes+of&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=306&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=McNeill&rft.aufirst=Ronald+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALudovic+Stewart%2C+2nd+Duke+of+Lennox" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ludovic_Stewart,_2nd_Duke_of_Lennox" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox">Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Scotland" title="Parliament of Scotland">Parliament of Scotland</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Graham,_3rd_Earl_of_Montrose" title="John Graham, 3rd Earl of Montrose">The Earl of Montrose</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Commissioner_to_the_Parliament_of_Scotland" title="Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland">Lord High Commissioner</a> </b><br />1607–1609 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Keith,_5th_Earl_Marischal" title="George Keith, 5th Earl Marischal">The Earl Marischal</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hoby" title="Edward Hoby">Sir Edward Hoby</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Custos_Rotulorum_of_Kent" title="Custos Rotulorum of Kent">Custos Rotulorum of Kent</a> </b><br />1617–1624 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Herbert,_4th_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke">The Earl of Montgomery</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Villiers,_1st_Duke_of_Buckingham" title="George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham">The Marquess of Buckingham</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Kent" title="Lord Lieutenant of Kent">Lord Lieutenant of Kent</a> </b><br />1620–1624 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Scotland" title="Peerage of Scotland">Peerage of Scotland</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Esm%C3%A9_Stewart,_1st_Duke_of_Lennox" title="Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox">Esmé Stewart</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Lennox" title="Duke of Lennox">Duke of Lennox</a> </b><br />1583–1624 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Esm%C3%A9_Stewart,_3rd_Duke_of_Lennox" title="Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox">Esmé Stewart</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_England" title="Peerage of England">Peerage of England</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New creation</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Richmond" title="Duke of Richmond">Duke of Richmond</a> </b><br />1623–1624 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Extinct </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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Lennox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mormaers_or_Earls_of_Lennox" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mormaer" title="Mormaer">Mormaers</a> or <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Lennox" title="Earl of Lennox">Earls of Lennox</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">[Known] Mormaers/Earls from Lennox line (to 1458)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David,_Earl_of_Huntingdon" title="David, Earl of Huntingdon">David of Huntingdon</a> ¶</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ail%C3%ADn_I,_Earl_of_Lennox" title="Ailín I, Earl of Lennox">Ailín I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ail%C3%ADn_II,_Earl_of_Lennox" title="Ailín II, Earl of Lennox">Ailín II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maol_Domhnaich,_Earl_of_Lennox" title="Maol Domhnaich, Earl of Lennox">Maol Domhnaich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maol_Choluim_I,_Earl_of_Lennox" title="Maol Choluim I, Earl of Lennox">Maol Choluim I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maol_Choluim_II,_Earl_of_Lennox" title="Maol Choluim II, Earl of Lennox">Maol Choluim II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domhnall,_Earl_of_Lennox" title="Domhnall, Earl of Lennox">Domhnall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret,_Countess_of_Lennox" title="Margaret, Countess of Lennox">Margaret</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">with <i><a href="/wiki/Walter_of_Faslane,_Earl_of_Lennox" title="Walter of Faslane, Earl of Lennox">Baltar mac Amlaimh</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donnchadh,_Earl_of_Lennox" title="Donnchadh, Earl of Lennox">Donnchadh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella,_Countess_of_Lennox" title="Isabella, Countess of Lennox">Isabella</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">with <i><a href="/wiki/Murdoch_Stewart,_Duke_of_Albany" title="Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany">Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stewart Earls (1488–1581)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Lennox" title="John Stewart, 1st Earl of Lennox">John Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Stewart,_2nd_Earl_of_Lennox" title="Matthew Stewart, 2nd Earl of Lennox">Matthew Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stewart,_3rd_Earl_of_Lennox" title="John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox">John Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Stewart,_4th_Earl_of_Lennox" title="Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox">Matthew Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stuart,_1st_Earl_of_Lennox" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Stuart, 1st Earl of Lennox">Charles Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_March" title="Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of March">Robert Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esm%C3%A9_Stewart,_1st_Duke_of_Lennox" title="Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox">Esmé Stewart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stewart Dukes (1581–1672)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esm%C3%A9_Stewart,_1st_Duke_of_Lennox" title="Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox">Esmé Stewart</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ludovic Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esm%C3%A9_Stewart,_3rd_Duke_of_Lennox" title="Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox">Esmé Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart,_1st_Duke_of_Richmond" title="James Stewart, 1st Duke of Richmond">James Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esm%C3%A9_Stewart,_2nd_Duke_of_Richmond" title="Esmé Stewart, 2nd Duke of Richmond">Esmé Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stewart,_3rd_Duke_of_Richmond" title="Charles Stewart, 3rd Duke of Richmond">Charles Stewart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>¶ <span style="font-size:85%;">- Not from Lennox line</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="English_Lord_Chancellors_under_the_House_of_Stuart_and_the_Interregnum_(1603–1714)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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Stuart</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Interregnum_(1649%E2%80%931660)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interregnum (1649–1660)">Interregnum</a> (1603–1714)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James I</a><br />(1603–1625)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Egerton,_1st_Viscount_Brackley" title="Thomas Egerton, 1st Viscount Brackley">1st Viscount Brackley</a> (1603–1617)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Francis Bacon</a> (1617–1621)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar_(judge)" title="Julius Caesar (judge)">Julius Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ley,_1st_Earl_of_Marlborough" title="James Ley, 1st Earl of Marlborough">1st Earl of Marlborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Montagu,_1st_Earl_of_Manchester" title="Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of Manchester">1st Earl of Manchester</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2nd Duke of Lennox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_21st_Earl_of_Arundel" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel">21st Earl of Arundel</a> (1621)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams_(archbishop_of_York)" title="John Williams (archbishop of York)">John Williams</a> (1621–1625)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a><br />(1625–1649)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Coventry,_1st_Baron_Coventry" title="Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron Coventry">1st Baron Coventry</a> (1625–1640)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Finch,_1st_Baron_Finch" title="John Finch, 1st Baron Finch">1st Baron Finch</a> (1640–1641)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Littleton,_1st_Baron_Lyttelton" title="Edward Littleton, 1st Baron Lyttelton">1st Baron Lyttelton</a> (1641–1645)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lane_(barrister)" title="Richard Lane (barrister)">Richard Lane</a> (1645–1649)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_Council_of_State" title="English Council of State">Council of State</a><br />(1649–1653)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulstrode_Whitelocke" title="Bulstrode Whitelocke">Bulstrode Whitelocke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lisle" title="John Lisle">John Lisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Keble" title="Richard Keble">Richard Keble</a> (1649–1653)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a><br />(1653–1658)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulstrode_Whitelocke" title="Bulstrode Whitelocke">Bulstrode Whitelocke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lisle" title="John Lisle">John Lisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Keble" title="Richard Keble">Richard Keble</a> (1653–1654)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulstrode_Whitelocke" title="Bulstrode Whitelocke">Bulstrode Whitelocke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lisle" title="John Lisle">John Lisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Widdrington" title="Thomas Widdrington">Thomas Widdrington</a> (1654–1656)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Fiennes" title="Nathaniel Fiennes">Nathaniel Fiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lisle" title="John Lisle">John Lisle</a> (1656–1658)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cromwell" title="Richard Cromwell">Richard Cromwell</a><br />(1658–1659)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Fiennes" title="Nathaniel Fiennes">Nathaniel Fiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lisle" title="John Lisle">John Lisle</a> (1658–1659)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_Council_of_State" title="English Council of State">Council of State</a><br />(1659–1660)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Fiennes" title="Nathaniel Fiennes">Nathaniel Fiennes</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/John_Lisle" title="John Lisle">John Lisle</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Bulstrode_Whitelocke" title="Bulstrode Whitelocke">Bulstrode Whitelocke</a></i> (January–June 1659)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Bradshaw_(judge)" title="John Bradshaw (judge)">John Bradshaw</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tyrrell" title="Thomas Tyrrell">Thomas Tyrrell</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/John_Fountaine" title="John Fountaine">John Fountaine</a></i> (June 1659–1660)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Lenthall" title="William Lenthall">William Lenthall</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Widdrington" title="Thomas Widdrington">Thomas Widdrington</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tyrrell" title="Thomas Tyrrell">Thomas Tyrrell</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/John_Fountaine" title="John Fountaine">John Fountaine</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Edward_Montagu,_2nd_Earl_of_Manchester" title="Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester">2nd Earl of Manchester</a></i> (1660)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a><br />(1660–1685)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hyde,_1st_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon">1st Earl of Clarendon</a> (1660–1667)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Orlando_Bridgeman,_1st_Baronet,_of_Great_Lever" title="Sir Orlando Bridgeman, 1st Baronet, of Great Lever">Sir Orlando Bridgeman</a> (1667–1672)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ashley_Cooper,_1st_Earl_of_Shaftesbury" title="Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury">1st Earl of Shaftesbury</a> (1672–1673)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heneage_Finch,_1st_Earl_of_Nottingham" title="Heneage Finch, 1st Earl of Nottingham">1st Earl of Nottingham</a> (1673–1682)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_North,_1st_Baron_Guilford" title="Francis North, 1st Baron Guilford">1st Baron Guilford</a> (1682–1685)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II</a><br />(1685–1688)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Jeffreys,_1st_Baron_Jeffreys" title="George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys">1st Baron Jeffreys</a> (1685–1688)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William</a> & <a href="/wiki/Mary_II_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary II of England">Mary</a><br />(1689–1694)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_(1604%E2%80%931690)" title="John Maynard (1604–1690)">John Maynard</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Keck_(Tiverton_MP)" title="Anthony Keck (Tiverton MP)">Anthony Keck</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/William_Rawlinson_(Commissioner)" title="William Rawlinson (Commissioner)">William Rawlinson</a></i> (1689–1690)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Trevor_(speaker)" title="John Trevor (speaker)">John Trevor</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/William_Rawlinson_(Commissioner)" title="William Rawlinson (Commissioner)">William Rawlinson</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/George_Hutchins_(lawyer)" title="George Hutchins (lawyer)">George Hutchins</a></i> (1690–1693)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Somers,_1st_Baron_Somers" title="John Somers, 1st Baron Somers">1st Baron Somers</a> (1693–1694)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III</a><br />(1694–1702)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Somers,_1st_Baron_Somers" title="John Somers, 1st Baron Somers">1st Baron Somers</a> (1693–1700)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Holt_(Lord_Chief_Justice)" title="John Holt (Lord Chief Justice)">John Holt</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/George_Treby_(judge)" title="George Treby (judge)">George Treby</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Edward_Ward_(judge)" title="Edward Ward (judge)">Edward Ward</a></i> (1700)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Wright_(judge)" title="Nathan Wright (judge)">Nathan Wright</a> (1700–1702)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain" title="Anne, Queen of Great Britain">Anne</a><br />(1702–1714)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Wright_(judge)" title="Nathan Wright (judge)">Nathan Wright</a> (1702–1705)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cowper,_1st_Earl_Cowper" title="William Cowper, 1st Earl Cowper">1st Earl Cowper</a> (1705–1710)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Trevor,_1st_Baron_Trevor" title="Thomas Trevor, 1st Baron Trevor">1st Baron Trevor</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Robert_Tracy_(judge)" title="Robert Tracy (judge)">Robert Tracy</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/John_Scrope_(MP)" title="John Scrope (MP)">John Scrope</a></i> (1710)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Harcourt,_1st_Viscount_Harcourt" title="Simon Harcourt, 1st Viscount Harcourt">1st Viscount Harcourt</a> (1710–1714)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Italics indicate service when the <a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_Realm" title="Great Seal of the Realm">Greal Seal</a> was held in Commission</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335979#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335979#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335979#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000054891380">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/18400018">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/318349/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqBtVh74Fb67Hv4RPPvpP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/13296483X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr93008772">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd13296483X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6j10f66">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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