Inhalt | Journalistikon

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class="td-pb-span8 td-main-content" role="main"> <div class="td-ss-main-content"> <article id="post-1665" class="post-1665 post type-post status-publish format-standard category-nachrichtenfaktoren category-theorien-der-kommunikationswissenschaft tag-medieninhalt tag-nachrichtenfaktor tag-nachrichtenwerte" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Article"> <div class="td-post-header"> <ul class="td-category"><li class="entry-category"><a href="https://journalistikon.de/category/nachrichtenfaktoren/">Nachrichtenfaktoren</a></li><li class="entry-category"><a href="https://journalistikon.de/category/theorien-der-kommunikationswissenschaft/">Theorien der Kommunikationswissenschaft</a></li></ul> <header class="td-post-title"> <h1 class="entry-title">Inhalt</h1> <div class="td-module-meta-info"> <div class="td-post-author-name"><div class="td-author-by">Von</div> <a href="https://journalistikon.de/author/joachim-westerbarkey/">Joachim Westerbarkey</a><div class="td-author-line"> - </div> </div> <span class="td-post-date"><time class="entry-date updated td-module-date" datetime="2020-05-10T13:18:22+02:00" >10. Mai 2020</time></span>  <div class="td-post-views"><i class="td-icon-views"></i><span class="td-nr-views-1665">4280</span></div> </div> </header> </div> <div class="td-post-content tagdiv-type">   <figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="450" height="265" src="https://journalistikon.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/walnut-3072681_1920-e1591013411390.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-1719"/></figure> <p>Alltagssprachlich ist ein Inhalt das, was in einer Form enthalten ist. In der Geometrie sind Inhalte umgrenzte Flächen oder Räume. In den Medien bezeichnen sie das Dargestellte, also Objekte oder Handlungen. Der Inhalt eines Begriffs wird wiederum durch seine Merkmale definiert, z. B. der Begriff Zeitung durch die Merkmale → <a href="https://journalistikon.de/aktualitaet/">Aktualität</a>, Periodizität, → <a href="https://journalistikon.de/universalitaet/">Universalität</a> und Publizität. </p> <p>Medieninhalte bestehen materiell aus Zeichen (Texten, Tönen, bewegten oder unbewegten Bildern), die es ermöglichen, etwas darzustellen, zu speichern, zu verbreiten und wahrzunehmen. Diese sind zugleich Bedeutungsträger, also Symbole, die Informationen vermitteln können, und werden folglich als Kommunikationsmittel verwendet. Eine Unterscheidung von Form und Inhalt ist dabei allerdings manchmal schwierig, etwa in der Musik oder in abstrakten Kunstwerken, die keine Referenzobjekte haben. </p> <p>Das antiquierte ‚Container-Modell‘ beruht auf der Annahme, Kommunikation sei ein Transport- oder Tauschvorgang, unterscheidet also nicht zwischen Form und Inhalt. Inzwischen stimmen die meisten Kommunikationswissenschaftler jedoch überein, dass Produzenten und Rezipienten von Texten, Bildern oder Klängen diesen unabhängig voneinander Bedeutungen zuschreiben können, auch wenn sie sich im Rahmen kultureller Konventionen gewöhnlich darüber verständigen, was jeweils gemeint ist. </p> <p>Inhalte können analog dargestellt werden (Bilder, Filme) oder arbiträr (Buchstaben, Zahlen), sie können verbal oder nonverbal artikuliert werden, sie können sich auf vorausgesetzte Wirklichkeiten beziehen (faktisch) oder auf erfundene (fiktional) und sie können nach Themen oder → <a href="https://journalistikon.de/category/journalistische-genres/">Genres</a> geordnet werden. Um sie hinreichend zu verstehen, sollte man wissen, nach welchen Kriterien, Regeln und Routinen sie produziert werden. So sind journalistische Medieninhalte keineswegs ‚objektive‘ Darstellungen von Fakten und Ereignissen, sondern spezifische Konstrukte von Wirklichkeit, die nach Maßgabe bestimmter Aufmerksamkeitsregeln (z.B. → <a href="https://journalistikon.de/category/nachrichtenfaktoren/">Nachrichtenfaktoren</a><em>)</em> ausgewählt werden, aber auch aufgrund leicht verfügbarer oder besonders aktiver Quellen wie Nachrichtenagenturen oder Pressestellen. Neben → <a href="https://journalistikon.de/aktualitaet/">Aktualität</a>, → <a href="https://journalistikon.de/relevanz/">Relevanz</a> und → <a href="https://journalistikon.de/prominenz/">Prominenz</a> spielt dabei vor allem Negativität eine große Rolle (‚bad news‘), während in Werbung und PR ‚good news‘ dominieren (z. B. Attraktivität oder Erfolge). Im Entertainment geht es wiederum weniger um Fakten als um Abwechslung und affektive Appelle. Am erfolgreichsten sind hier triviale Muster, weil sie leicht verstanden werden. </p> <p>Bei der Kommunikation von Medieninhalten orientiert man sich zwar an etablierten Schemata (→ <a href="https://journalistikon.de/category/journalistische-genres/">Darstellungsformen</a>, Stile, Sparten, Rubriken), doch weil deren Grenzen oft durch sogenannte ‚Hybridformate‘ verwischt werden, weiß man oft nicht mehr, worum es sich gerade handelt und ob man sich informieren, animieren lassen oder amüsieren soll. So müssen sich Leser, Hörer und Zuschauer immer öfter fragen, womit sie eigentlich konfrontiert werden und wie sie dieses auffassen sollen: Sind es Fakten oder Fantasieprodukte, sind sie ernst gemeint oder Spaß, sind Behauptungen wahr oder gelogen und nicht zuletzt: Wer steckt dahinter und kann man den Absendern vertrauen, besonders im oft anonymen Netz? </p> <p>Als wissenschaftliche Methoden zur exakten Beschreibung und Messung von Medieninhalten haben sich qualitative und quantitative Inhaltsanalysen (Content Analysis) bewährt (Maurer 2006; Früh 2017). Sie liefern wertvolle Basisdaten und Erkenntnisse für die Nachrichten- und Werbeforschung, aber auch für die Literatur- und Filmwissenschaft. </p> <p><strong>Literatur: </strong></p> <p>Bonfadelli, Heinz: <em>Medieninhaltsforschung. Grundlagen, Methoden, Anwendungen</em>. Konstanz [UVK] 2002.</p> <p>Früh, Werner: <em>Inhaltsanalyse. Theorie und Praxis</em>. 9. Auflage. Konstanz [UVK] 2017. </p> <p>Luhmann, Niklas: <em>Die Realität der Massenmedien</em>. 5. Auflage. Wiesbaden [Springer] 2017.</p> <p>Maurer, Marcus: <em>Medieninhalte. Eine Einführung</em>. Wiesbaden [VS Verlag] 2006.</p> <p>Schmidt, Siegfried J.; Siegfried Weischenberg: Mediengattungen, Berichterstattungsmuster, Darstellungsformen. In: Merten, Klaus; Siegfried J. Schmidt; Siegfried Weischenberg (Hrsg.): <em>Die Wirklichkeit der Medien</em>. Opladen [Westdt. Verlag] 1994, S. 212-236. </p> <p>Westerbarkey, Joachim: Die Assimilationsfalle, oder was eigentlich vorgeht. In: Baerns, Barbara (Hrsg.): <em>Leitbilder von gestern? Zur Trennung von Werbung und Programm. </em>Wiesbaden [Westdt. Verlag] 2004, S.193-204. </p> </div> <footer>   <div class="td-post-source-tags">  <ul class="td-tags td-post-small-box clearfix"><li><span>Schlagworte</span></li><li><a href="https://journalistikon.de/tag/medieninhalt/">Medieninhalt</a></li><li><a href="https://journalistikon.de/tag/nachrichtenfaktor/">Nachrichtenfaktor</a></li><li><a href="https://journalistikon.de/tag/nachrichtenwerte/">Nachrichtenwerte</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="td-post-sharing-bottom"><div class="td-post-sharing-classic"><iframe frameBorder="0" src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https://journalistikon.de/inhalt/&layout=button_count&show_faces=false&width=105&action=like&colorscheme=light&height=21" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:auto; height:21px; background-color:transparent;"></iframe></div><div id="td_social_sharing_article_bottom" class="td-post-sharing td-ps-bg td-ps-notext td-post-sharing-style1 "> 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href="https://journalistikon.de/author/joachim-westerbarkey/">Joachim Westerbarkey</a></span></div><div class="td-author-description">*1943, Prof. Dr., war bis 2009 Hochschullehrer an der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster. Er lehrte in Münster, Dortmund und Düsseldorf Kommunikationswissenschaft. Arbeitsschwerpunkte: Kommunikations- und Medientheorien, Public Relations, Diskursanalyse, Filmanalyse. Kontakt: jom.westerbarkey (at) web.de</div><div class="td-author-social"></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div></div> <span class="td-page-meta" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="name" content="Joachim Westerbarkey"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://journalistikon.de/author/joachim-westerbarkey/"></span><meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2020-05-10T13:18:22+02:00"><meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2020-06-01T14:32:02+02:00"><meta itemscope itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" itemType="https://schema.org/WebPage" itemid="https://journalistikon.de/inhalt/"/><span class="td-page-meta" itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><span class="td-page-meta" itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://journalistikon.de/inhalt/"></span><meta itemprop="name" content="Journalistikon"></span><meta itemprop="headline " content="Inhalt"><span 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