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class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info-current"><b>This is the <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">current revision</a> of this page, as edited by <span id="mw-revision-name"><a href="/wiki/User:Wtshymanski" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Wtshymanski" data-mw-revid="1217842898"><bdi>Wtshymanski</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Wtshymanski" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Wtshymanski">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Wtshymanski" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Wtshymanski">contribs</a>)</span></span> at <span id="mw-revision-date">05:49, 8 April 2024</span><span id="mw-revision-summary"> <span class="comment">(stale tag)</span></span>. The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this version.</b><span id="revision-info-current-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 05:49, 8 April 2024 by <a href="/wiki/User:Wtshymanski" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Wtshymanski" data-mw-revid="1217842898"><bdi>Wtshymanski</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Wtshymanski" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Wtshymanski">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Wtshymanski" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Wtshymanski">contribs</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(stale tag)</span></span></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tape_transport&diff=prev&oldid=1217842898" title="Tape transport">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tape_transport&direction=prev&oldid=1217842898" title="Tape transport">← Previous revision</a> | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mechanism that guides tape through a device</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pinch_rollers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fa/Pinch_rollers.jpg/220px-Pinch_rollers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fa/Pinch_rollers.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="226" data-file-height="199" /></a><figcaption>Tape transport with dual pinch rollers - Technics RS-1520</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>tape transport</b> is the collection of parts of a <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape">magnetic tape</a> player or <a href="/wiki/Tape_recorder" title="Tape recorder">recorder</a> that move the tape and play or record it. Transport parts include the head, capstan, pinch roller, tape pins, and tape guide. The tape transport as a whole is called the <i>transport mechanism</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tape_head">Tape head</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tape_transport&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Tape head"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tape_head" title="Tape head">Tape head</a></div> <p>The tape head is the part of a tape recording or playback device which converts the magnetic fluctuations present in the tape into an electrical signal, which is then amplified and sent to speakers or headphones. The tape head is set off-center in a multitrack device in order to record or play one or more tracks running in each direction of the tape (e.g. the two different tracks present on most, if not all, <a href="/wiki/Cassette_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassette tape">compact cassettes</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Capstan">Capstan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tape_transport&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Capstan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radiorekorder_Laufwerk_Wiedergabe_IMG_9069.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Radiorekorder_Laufwerk_Wiedergabe_IMG_9069.JPG/220px-Radiorekorder_Laufwerk_Wiedergabe_IMG_9069.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Radiorekorder_Laufwerk_Wiedergabe_IMG_9069.JPG/330px-Radiorekorder_Laufwerk_Wiedergabe_IMG_9069.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Radiorekorder_Laufwerk_Wiedergabe_IMG_9069.JPG/440px-Radiorekorder_Laufwerk_Wiedergabe_IMG_9069.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="1608" /></a><figcaption>Threaded tape of an open <a href="/wiki/Compact_Cassette" title="Compact Cassette">Compact Cassette</a> in the tape drive</figcaption></figure> <p>The capstan is a rotating <a href="/wiki/Spindle_(tool)" title="Spindle (tool)">spindle</a> used to move recording tape through the mechanism of a <a href="/wiki/Tape_recorder" title="Tape recorder">tape recorder</a>. The tape is threaded between the capstan and one or more rubber-covered wheels, called pinch rollers, which press against the capstan, thus providing friction necessary for the capstan to pull the tape. The capstan is always placed downstream (in the direction of tape motion) from the tape heads. To maintain the required tension against the <a href="/wiki/Tape_head" title="Tape head">tape heads</a> and other part of the tape transport, a small amount of drag is placed on the supply reel. Tape recorder capstans have a function similar to <a href="/wiki/Capstan_(nautical)" title="Capstan (nautical)">nautical capstans</a>, which however have no pinch rollers, the line simply being wound around them. </p><p>The use of a capstan allows the tape to run at a precise and constant speed. Capstans are precision-machined spindles, and polished very smooth: any out-of-roundness or imperfections can cause uneven motion and an audible effect called <a href="/wiki/Flutter_(electronics_and_communication)" title="Flutter (electronics and communication)">flutter</a>. The alternative to capstan drive, simply driving the tape takeup reel (which was used on some cheap tape recorders), causes problems both with the speed difference between a full and empty reel and with speed variations as described. </p><p>Dual capstans, where one is on each side of the heads, are claimed to provide even smoother tape travel across the heads and result in less variance in the recorded/playback signal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pinch_roller">Pinch roller</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tape_transport&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pinch roller"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JVC_KD-A22_-_Capstan_and_Pinch_Roller-0364.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/JVC_KD-A22_-_Capstan_and_Pinch_Roller-0364.jpg/220px-JVC_KD-A22_-_Capstan_and_Pinch_Roller-0364.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/JVC_KD-A22_-_Capstan_and_Pinch_Roller-0364.jpg/330px-JVC_KD-A22_-_Capstan_and_Pinch_Roller-0364.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/JVC_KD-A22_-_Capstan_and_Pinch_Roller-0364.jpg/440px-JVC_KD-A22_-_Capstan_and_Pinch_Roller-0364.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3797" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Capstan and pinch roller</figcaption></figure> <p>The pinch roller is a rubberized, free-spinning wheel typically used to press <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape">magnetic tape</a> against a capstan shaft in order to create friction necessary to drive the tape along the magnetic heads (erase, write, read). </p><p>Most magnetic <a href="/wiki/Tape_recorder" title="Tape recorder">tape recorders</a> use one capstan motor and one pinch roller located after the <a href="/wiki/Tape_head" title="Tape head">magnetic heads</a> in the direction of the moving tape. However multiple pinch rollers may also be employed in association with one or more capstans. An example of the application of multiple pinch rollers is the <a href="/wiki/Technics_(brand)" title="Technics (brand)">Technics</a> RS-1520 tape recorder, which utilizes two pinch rollers located on opposite sides of a single capstan shaft, providing a more stable transport across two sets of magnetic heads. Dual pinch rollers are also used (along with dual capstans) in auto-reverse cassette decks to drive the tape in both directions as needed. In this case, only one pinch roller is pressed against its corresponding capstan at a time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tension_arm">Tension arm</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tape_transport&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tension arm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tension_arm_of_Studer_A80.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Tension_arm_of_Studer_A80.jpg/220px-Tension_arm_of_Studer_A80.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Tension_arm_of_Studer_A80.jpg/330px-Tension_arm_of_Studer_A80.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Tension_arm_of_Studer_A80.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="266" /></a><figcaption>Left tension arm on <a href="/wiki/Studer" title="Studer">Studer</a> A-80 tape recorder</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>tension arm</b> is a device used in magnetic <a href="/wiki/Tape_recorder" title="Tape recorder">tape recorders</a>/reproducers to control the tension of the <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape">magnetic tape</a> during machine operation. The recorders equipped with a tension arm can utilize more than one of them to control tape tension in different direction of winding or during different modes of tape operation. Tension arms can also be found on digital data recorders and other types of recorders/reproducers using continuous tape media such as magnetic digital tape, perforated paper tape, and analog magnetic tape. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tape_transport&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?u=%2Fnetahtml%2Fsrchnum.htm&Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&r=1&l=50&f=G&d=PALL&s1=5448431.PN.&OS=PN/5448431&RS=PN/5448431">One of many US Patents pertaining to Tension arm</a></li> <li>Workbench Guide to Tape Recorder Servicing. G. Howard Poteet, 1977</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tape_transport&oldid=1217842898">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tape_transport&oldid=1217842898</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wheels" title="Category:Wheels">Wheels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sound_recording_technology" title="Category:Sound recording technology">Sound recording technology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sound_production_technology" title="Category:Sound production technology">Sound production technology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tape_recording" title="Category:Tape recording">Tape recording</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 8 April 2024, at 05:49<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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