什么是 Web 3.0？

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class="article-author"> <div> 作者 <b>Ledger</b> </div> </div> <div class="color-grey-500 small-text uppercase margin-xs article-date"> 2022年12 月1日 | <b>更新于 2024年10 月28日</b> </div> <div class="caption-for-article flexbox flex-start"> <div class="flex-none time-to-read"> <span class="badge badge-nude"> <i class="icon-copy"></i> 阅读 </span> <span>5 分钟</span> </div> <div class="with-point level level-1"> <span>初阶</span> </div> </div> <div class="align-center share-box" id="fixed-share-box"> <span>分享</span> <div class="heateor_sss_sharing_container heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing" data-heateor-ss-offset="0" data-heateor-sss-href='https://www.ledger.com/zh-hans/academy/%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF-web-30-%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%A8'><div class="heateor_sss_sharing_ul"><a aria-label="Instagram" class="heateor_sss_button_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/ledger" title="Instagram" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" 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https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/09/11_Classroom_Cover_Grey-490x207.jpg 490w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/09/11_Classroom_Cover_Grey.jpg 1600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> <figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td>要点总结：</td></tr><tr><td>— 互联网在不断发展。我们即将翻开新的篇章，迎来翻天覆地的变化。<br/><br/>— Web 1.0 只能阅读信息。它主要是供我们访问和阅读信息，只有极少数人可以真正发布内容。 <br/><br/>— Web 2.0，即互联网目前所处的阶段，我们能够在网络上发布内容、建立社区。<br/> <br/>— Web 3.0 是价值互联网，您可以在网络上阅读信息、发布自己的内容、“拥有”自己的数字内容、签署数字协议。 </td></tr></tbody></table></figure> <p>我们正在经历我们这一代最重大的技术转型，即 Web 3.0。</p> <p>初学者可能很难理解什么是 Web 3.0、它与加密货币和区块链技术有何联系。在本课程中，我们将解释什么是 Web 3.0，为您串点成线。 </p> <p>学习有关未来数字所有权的终极速成课程，准备好了吗？我们从头开始说起。</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Web 1.0 – 信息互联网</h2> <p>很难回想互联网出现之前的样子，但互联网其实也才 30 年历史。起初，互联网让我们能够在学术界和政府间分享研究成果。其功能基本上相当于一个巨型图书馆。互联网起源于 90 年代，当时也被称为“信息网络”，因为用户可以通过网络访问研究资料，甚至还能使用电子邮件联系任何人。 </p> <p>Web 1.0 让用户可以浏览信息、发送电子邮件，但不支持普通用户发布内容。一组开发人员充当互联网信息守护者。 Web 1.0 的主要功能是共享信息，并通过互联网连接与世界各地的任何人联系。但我们怎样才能使用浏览工具和电子邮件创建或发布内容呢？</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Web 2.0 – 交互互联网</h2> <p>2004 年，Facebook 和 YouTube 推出了用户生成内容的概念，彻底改变了网络世界。只要拥有互联网连接，用户不仅可以消费，还可以在网络上主动<em>发布</em>自己的内容。互联网变得大众化，Web 2.0 就此诞生。</p> <p>除宠物视频和网络红人之外，这次网络迭代带来了巨大影响。用户可以围绕一个中心思想组建社区，然后动员全体成员。 </p> <p>阿拉伯之春就是一个典型例子。社交媒体在促进成员交流方面发挥了重要作用，让他们发展成为一个大型社区。渺小的个体积土成山，足以挑战大型权力结构。这一切都要归功于社交媒体。很神奇吧？ </p> <p>因此，从某种意义上来说，Web 2.0 赋予了人类空前巨大的组织力量。但它也让我们付出了沉重的代价。</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Web 2.0 存在的问题</h3> <p>Web 2.0 的结构对我们用户有限定作用。然而，目前的互联网是一个中心化网络。从社交媒体到银行业务和约会，我们完全依赖所用的应用程序。而这些应用程序则依赖于少数互联网服务器，使得整个系统非常中心化。 </p> <p>您可以把互联网想象成几颗大恒星（服务器），成千上万颗小行星围绕恒星运行（日常使用的应用程序）。对应用程序和数据的全部权限或控制权集中于一点（服务器）。 </p> <p>可是，这有什么问题？ </p> <p>我们来详细了解 Web 2.0 的另一面。 </p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">您并不拥有任何东西</h3> <p>我们在 Web 2.0 上的全部体验都依赖于允许我们访问其平台的中心实体。而我们的访问权限可以随时被切断。想象一下，尝试访问您的社交媒体账户时，平台决定将您切断。您的照片、内容和网络全部都突然消失了。如果您的内容的控制权是由他人决定的，那么它其实并非您自己的内容。 </p> <p>此外，最近的事件表明，您在网上发布的内容和个人数据可以被一些大公司用来牟利，甚至可以用来影响民主进程。简而言之，当前的互联网允许您发布内容，但却拥有您创建的所有内容并从中获利。</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">用户数据是商品</h3> <p>这又导致了下一个问题。注册一项服务即代表您信任该服务，向其授权您的个人数据。网上银行就是一个经典示例，因为银行账户拥有您的所有信息，例如身份证、地址以及财务数据。 </p> <p>中央数据库存储的个人信息如此之多，黑客有强烈的动机想要攻击这些存储服务器。这证明，每次注册新平台时，您都会面临安全风险。中心化数据库容易遭遇数字犯罪，这种结构最终会将我们所有人的安全置于风险之中。 </p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">服务器统治世界</h3> <p>最后，所有这些都依赖于无处不在的互联网服务器。服务器是这个时代权力最大的实体之一，因为我们全都依赖互联网上的服务提供商。因此，从社交媒体、约会、商业到银行业务，无论您如何使用网络，整个系统都依赖于收集用户信息的少数大型实体，他们对用户数据集拥有绝对控制权。这种权力无比巨大，无论掌握在谁手中，都非常危险。</p> <p>简而言之，虽然 Web 2.0 让我们能够发布内容、组建社区、发起社会运动，但它将我们的完整信息全部集中于大型数字实体手中。您并不拥有其中任何东西。这个互联网上没有所谓的“自我主权”。</p> <p>此外，Web 2.0 无法让我们自主转移价值。虽然我们日常生活各个方面均已实现数字化，例如网上银行，我们仍然需要依赖中介或第三方提供商。它没有提供一种方式让我们拥有自己的内容，并将价值直接从一个人转移给另一个人。但是，技术发展滚滚向前，势不可挡。 </p> <p>进入 Web 3.0。 </p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Web 3.0 – 所有权互联网</h2> <p>如果您可以在访问上述所有服务时不共享任何数据、不交出所创内容的所有权呢？换而言之，如果您可以<em>拥有自己的数字生活、自主管理自己的资产</em>呢？如果说 <a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/web-3-from-information-to-value" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Web 3.0</a> 是这一想法的<em>代称</em>，那么区块链就是实现这一想法的基础设施。</p> <p>区块链让我们拥有数字主权，将权力归还给个人。我们来了解一下，区块链是如何实现这一想法的。 </p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">安全</h3> <p>您可以将<a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/how-does-a-blockchain-transaction-work" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">区块链</a>视为一个无限的数字存储空间，它对所有人开放但不影响安全性，相当于您的数字资产存储柜，只有您持有密钥。通过区块链这个基础设施，您可以真正“拥有”自己的数据，并自主保护数据。 </p> <p>区块链去除了当前的中心化基础设施。未经许可，我们的数据或内容使用不会面临威胁。区块链是一个去中心化系统，每个用户对自己的数据和资产都拥有完全控制权。 </p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">自主价值转移</h3> <p>区块链是一种跟踪价值的数字分类账。它史无前例的使个人能够以数字方式发送和接收价值 – 而<a href="https://www.ledger.com/academy/tips-to-trust-yourself-in-becoming-your-own-bank" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">无需银行这样的中介机构</a>。这一基础设施对我们乃至整个社会都产生了巨大影响。 </p> <p>区块链让网络打破了当前的中心化结构，成为一个更安全、公平、高效的空间。它是向为用户提供真正的金融自由迈出的一大步。我们将在下一节详细讨论这一点。</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Web 3.0 – 欢迎翻开“新篇章”</h2> <p>Web 3.0 必将从各个方面改变我们的交互方式，而且改变已经开始。它拥有巨大潜力，足以改变我们的数字世界体验方式。这个新时代将控制权从互联网巨头手中夺走，重新归还给用户。 Web 3.0 和区块链让我们能够在数字环境中自行管理财务、数据和时间。</p> <p>下一篇文章我们将解释这到底意味着什么，以及您为何可以不通过银行或金融机构安全转移价值。准备好了吗？</p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter size-large"><a href="https://quest.ledger.com/quests/welcome-to-web3" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="576" src="https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/12/Version-3a-16-1024x576.png" alt="" class="wp-image-255260" srcset="https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/12/Version-3a-16-1024x576.png 1024w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/12/Version-3a-16-300x169.png 300w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/12/Version-3a-16-768x432.png 768w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/12/Version-3a-16-1536x864.png 1536w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/12/Version-3a-16-490x275.png 490w, https://ledger-wp-website-s3-prd.ledger.com/uploads/2022/12/Version-3a-16.png 1920w" 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