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id="toc-Attestations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nomen_and_prenomen_on_seals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nomen_and_prenomen_on_seals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Nomen and prenomen on seals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nomen_and_prenomen_on_seals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Location_of_the_finds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location_of_the_finds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Location of the finds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location_of_the_finds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Historical sources</span> 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vassal_of_the_Hyksos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Vassal of the Hyksos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vassal_of_the_Hyksos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-King_of_the_14th_Dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#King_of_the_14th_Dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>King of the 14th Dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-King_of_the_14th_Dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dating</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dating-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Dating subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mid-18th_century_BC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mid-18th_century_BC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Mid-18th century BC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mid-18th_century_BC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mid-_to_late-17th_century_BC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mid-_to_late-17th_century_BC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Mid- to late-17th century BC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mid-_to_late-17th_century_BC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reign_length" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reign_length"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Reign length</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reign_length-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes,_references_and_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes,_references_and_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes, references and sources</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes,_references_and_sources-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes, references and sources subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes,_references_and_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B8%E1%88%BA_%E1%88%98%E1%8B%93%E1%8B%AD%E1%89%A5%E1%88%AC" title="ሸሺ መዓይብሬ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሸሺ መዓይብሬ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shesi" title="Shesi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Shesi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheschi" title="Scheschi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Scheschi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xexi" title="Xexi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Xexi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B9" title="ششی ماعیبرع – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ششی ماعیبرع" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C3%A2tibr%C3%AA" title="Maâtibrê – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maâtibrê" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheshi" title="Sheshi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sheshi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A9%D7%99_(%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%94)" title="ששי (פרעה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ששי (פרעה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="შეში – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შეში" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesi" title="Sesi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sesi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%89" title="شيشى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شيشى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B7" title="シェシ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シェシ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheshi" title="Sheshi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sheshi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xexi" title="Xexi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Xexi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Мааибра Шеши – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мааибра Шеши" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0e%C5%A1i" title="Šeši – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Šeši" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Шеши – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шеши" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheshi" title="Sheshi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sheshi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4" title="ฟาโรห์เชชิ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟาโรห์เชชิ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%96" title="Шеші – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шеші" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheshi" title="Sheshi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sheshi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheshi" title="Sheshi – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Sheshi" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Egyptian pharaoh</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#decd87;font-size:125%;">Maaibre Sheshi</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname">Sheshy, Shesha, Mayebre</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canaanite_-_Scarab_with_Cartouche_of_King_Sheshi_-_Walters_4217_-_Bottom_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scarab seal inscribed with "the son of Ra, Sheshi, given life"[1]"><img alt="Scarab seal inscribed with "the son of Ra, Sheshi, given life"[1]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Canaanite_-_Scarab_with_Cartouche_of_King_Sheshi_-_Walters_4217_-_Bottom_%282%29.jpg/150px-Canaanite_-_Scarab_with_Cartouche_of_King_Sheshi_-_Walters_4217_-_Bottom_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Canaanite_-_Scarab_with_Cartouche_of_King_Sheshi_-_Walters_4217_-_Bottom_%282%29.jpg/225px-Canaanite_-_Scarab_with_Cartouche_of_King_Sheshi_-_Walters_4217_-_Bottom_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Canaanite_-_Scarab_with_Cartouche_of_King_Sheshi_-_Walters_4217_-_Bottom_%282%29.jpg/300px-Canaanite_-_Scarab_with_Cartouche_of_King_Sheshi_-_Walters_4217_-_Bottom_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="613" data-file-height="900" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Scarab seal inscribed with<br /><i>"the son of <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a>, Sheshi, given life"</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalters_Art_Museum2015Online_catalog_[httpartthewaltersorgdetail29621_Seal_29621]_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters_Art_Museum2015Online_catalog_[httpartthewaltersorgdetail29621_Seal_29621]-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#decd87; line-height:normal; padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_chronology" title="Egyptian chronology">Reign</a></th><td class="infobox-data">duration highly uncertain: three years,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 19 years,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> c. 40 years.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Coregency" title="Coregency">Coregency</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Conjectural coregency with <a href="/wiki/Nehesy" title="Nehesy">Nehesy</a> (Ryholt)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data">uncertain, <a href="/wiki/Aahotepre" class="mw-redirect" title="Aahotepre">Ammu Aahotepre</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data">uncertain, <a href="/wiki/Nehesy" title="Nehesy">Nehesy Aasehre</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yaqub-Har" title="Yaqub-Har">Yaqub-Har</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes19786_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes19786-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsible-leftside-toggle mw-collapsed" style="width:100%;margin:0;border:0;padding:0;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; background:#decd87; line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Royal titulary</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:2px solid #decd87;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#e9deaf;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary#Throne_name_(praenomen)" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Prenomen  (Praenomen)</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td>Maaibre <br /> <i>M3ˁ-jb-Rˁ</i> <br /> <i>The righteous one is the heart of <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201375_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon201375-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M23.png?e2674" height="31" title="M23" alt="M23" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="8" title="X1 [t]" alt="t" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_L2.png?ff0ae" height="31" title="L2" alt="L2" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="8" title="X1 [t]" alt="t" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Ca1.png?0f9ce" height="44" title="<" alt="<" /></td><td><table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr><td class="mw-hiero-box" style="height: 2px;"></td></tr><tr><td><table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N5.png?08eb7" height="18" title="N5 [ra]" alt="ra" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_U4.png?7f65c" height="38" title="U4" alt="U4" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D36.png?9d512" height="12" title="D36 [a]" alt="a" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F34.png?6be6f" height="17" title="F34 [ib]" alt="ib" /></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td class="mw-hiero-box" style="height: 2px;"></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><img class="skin-invert" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Ca2.png?3dadc" height="44" title=">" alt=">" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#e9deaf;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Nomen</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td>Sheshi <br /> <i>Ššj</i></td></tr><tr><td class="center"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="{{{align}}}" style="padding:5px;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G39.png?eb053" height="38" title="G39" alt="G39" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N5.png?08eb7" height="18" title="N5" alt="N5" /><br /></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;padding:5px;"></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hiero_Ca1.svg/17px-Hiero_Ca1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hiero_Ca1.svg/26px-Hiero_Ca1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hiero_Ca1.svg/34px-Hiero_Ca1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr><tr> <td height="45" style="padding:0;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N37.png?33374" height="12" title="N37 [S]" alt="S" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N37.png?33374" height="12" title="N37 [S]" alt="S" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M17.png?2e70b" height="38" title="M17 [i]" alt="i" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hiero_Ca2.svg/21px-Hiero_Ca2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hiero_Ca2.svg/32px-Hiero_Ca2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hiero_Ca2.svg/42px-Hiero_Ca2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="21" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Consort</th><td class="infobox-data">uncertain, <a href="/wiki/Tati_(queen)" title="Tati (queen)">Tati</a> (Ryholt)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">uncertain, Nehesy<small> ♂</small>, Ipqu<small> ♂</small> (Ryholt)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Dynasty</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">14th</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt">15th</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Maaibre Sheshi</b> (also <b>Sheshy</b>) was a ruler of areas of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">Second Intermediate Period</a>. The dynasty, chronological position, duration and extent of his reign are uncertain and subject to ongoing debate. The difficulty of identification is mirrored by problems in determining events from the end of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Hyksos#Theoretical_invasion" title="Hyksos">arrival of the Hyksos</a> in Egypt. Nonetheless, Sheshi is, in terms of the number of artifacts attributed to him, the best-attested king of the period spanning the end of the Middle Kingdom and the Second Intermediate period; roughly from <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/circa" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:circa">c.</a> 1800 BC until 1550 BC. Hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Scarab_(artifact)" title="Scarab (artifact)">scaraboid seals</a> bearing his name have been found throughout the Levant, Egypt, Nubia, and as far away as Carthage, where some were still in use 1,500 years after his death. </p><p>Three competing hypotheses have been put forth for the dynasty to which Sheshi belonged. The first hypothesis is supported by <a href="/wiki/Egyptologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptologist">Egyptologists</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Grimal" title="Nicolas Grimal">Nicolas Grimal</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_C._Hayes" title="William C. Hayes">William C. Hayes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Donald_B._Redford" title="Donald B. Redford">Donald B. Redford</a>, who believe that he should be identified with <a href="/wiki/Salitis" title="Salitis">Salitis</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt">15th Dynasty</a> according to historical sources and king of the <a href="/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos">Hyksos</a> during their invasion of Egypt. Salitis is credited with 19 years of reign and would have lived sometime between c. 1720 BC and 1650 BC. The second hypothesis is supported by Egyptologist <a href="/wiki/William_Ayres_Ward" title="William Ayres Ward">William Ayres Ward</a> and the archaeologist Daphna Ben-Tor, who propose that Sheshi was a Hyksos king and belongs to the second half of the 15th Dynasty, reigning between <a href="/wiki/Khyan" title="Khyan">Khyan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apepi_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apepi (pharaoh)">Apophis</a>. Alternatively, <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Bietak" title="Manfred Bietak">Manfred Bietak</a> has proposed that Sheshi was a vassal of the Hyksos, ruling over some part of Egypt or <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a>. The very existence of such vassals is debated. The final hypothesis says Sheshi could be a ruler of the early <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">14th Dynasty</a>, a line of kings of Canaanite descent ruling over of the Eastern <a href="/wiki/Nile_Delta" title="Nile Delta">Nile Delta</a> immediately before the arrival of the Hyksos. Proponents of this theory, such as <a href="/wiki/Kim_Ryholt" title="Kim Ryholt">Kim Ryholt</a> and Darrell Baker, credit Sheshi with 40 years of reign starting ca. 1745 BC. </p><p>Ryholt proposed that Sheshi allied his kingdom with the <a href="/wiki/Kerma_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerma Culture">Kushites</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a> via a dynastic marriage with the Nubian princess <a href="/wiki/Tati_(queen)" title="Tati (queen)">Tati</a>. Ryholt further posits that the son of Sheshi and Tati was Nehesy, whose name means "The Nubian", whom he believes succeeded Sheshi to the throne as the pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Nehesy" title="Nehesy">Nehesy Aasehre</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attestations">Attestations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheshi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Attestations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nomen_and_prenomen_on_seals">Nomen and prenomen on seals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheshi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Nomen and prenomen on seals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Nomen_(Ancient_Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomen (Ancient Egypt)">nomen</a> of Sheshi<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is inscribed on over two hundred <a href="/wiki/Scaraboid_seal" class="mw-redirect" title="Scaraboid seal">scarab seals</a>, which constitute the sole attestations of his reign. The number of scarabs attributed to Sheshi is paralleled in number only by those bearing the <a href="/wiki/Prenomen_(Ancient_Egypt)" title="Prenomen (Ancient Egypt)">prenomen</a> <i>Maaibre</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor201097_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor201097-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning "<i>The righteous one is the heart of <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a></i>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201375_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon201375-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on the close stylistic similarities between both groups of scarabs as well as their otherwise unmatched numbers,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor2007107_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor2007107-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the consensus among Egyptologists is that Maaibre was the prenomen of Sheshi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBietak1999453_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBietak1999453-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor201097_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor201097-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-TorAllenAllen199955_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-TorAllenAllen199955-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheshi_scarabs_locations.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Sheshi_scarabs_locations.png/220px-Sheshi_scarabs_locations.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="388" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Sheshi_scarabs_locations.png/330px-Sheshi_scarabs_locations.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Sheshi_scarabs_locations.png/440px-Sheshi_scarabs_locations.png 2x" data-file-width="1578" data-file-height="2783" /></a><figcaption>Provenance of some of the scarabs of Maaibre Sheshi<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997367–369_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997367–369-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Consequently, Maaibre Sheshi is the best attested ruler of the Second Intermediate Period in terms of the number of artefacts attributed to him, with 396 seals and two seal impressions showing his nomen or prenomen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997252–254,_366–376_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997252–254,_366–376-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This figure is three times higher than the 123 seals attributed to the next best attested king of the period, <a href="/wiki/Yakbim_Sekhaenre" title="Yakbim Sekhaenre">Yakbim Sekhaenre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997199table_38_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997199table_38-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to these seals, <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Bietak" title="Manfred Bietak">Manfred Bietak</a> has suggested that a scarab discovered in <a href="/wiki/Avaris" title="Avaris">Avaris</a> and inscribed with the name of a king <i>"<a href="/wiki/Shenshek" title="Shenshek">Shenshek</a>"</i> should probably be attributed to Sheshi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBietak199152,_fig._18_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBietak199152,_fig._18-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This conclusion is rejected by <a href="/wiki/Kim_Ryholt" title="Kim Ryholt">Kim Ryholt</a> and Darrell Baker, who believe that Shenshek was a separate king.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt199752,_60_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt199752,_60-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt2010121_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt2010121-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location_of_the_finds">Location of the finds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheshi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Location of the finds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over 80 percent of the seals attributed to Maaibre Sheshi are of unknown provenance,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the remaining 20 percent have been found throughout Egypt, <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a>, indicating widespread trade and diplomatic contacts during Sheshi's reign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997114–115_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997114–115-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Important finds include seals from <a href="/wiki/Tel_Lachish" title="Tel Lachish">Lachish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gezer" title="Gezer">Gezer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tel_Michal" title="Tel Michal">Tel Michal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tall_al-Ajjul" class="mw-redirect" title="Tall al-Ajjul">Tell el-Ajjul</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997367_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997367-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Canaan. In Lower Egypt, three seals have been unearthed in <a href="/wiki/Leontopolis_(Heliopolis)" title="Leontopolis (Heliopolis)">Tell el-Yahudiya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pithom" title="Pithom">Tell el-Mashkuta</a> and a further eight are from the wider Delta region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997367–368_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997367–368-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four seals originate from <a href="/wiki/Saqqara" title="Saqqara">Saqqara</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997368_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997368-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a further five from the Middle Egyptian sites of Abusir el-Melek, Kom Medinet Ghurab, <a href="/wiki/Hebenu" title="Hebenu">Kom el-Ahmar</a> and Deir Rifa. To the south, in Upper Egypt, a total of twenty seals are known from <a href="/wiki/Abydos,_Egypt" title="Abydos, Egypt">Abydos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hu,_Egypt" title="Hu, Egypt">Hu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elephantine" title="Elephantine">Elephantine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esna" title="Esna">Esna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edfu" title="Edfu">Edfu</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997368–369_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997368–369-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Nubia, seals of Sheshi have been found in the Egyptian fortresses of <a href="/wiki/Uronarti" title="Uronarti">Uronarti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mirgissa" title="Mirgissa">Mirgissa</a> and otherwise in <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Dakka" title="Temple of Dakka">Dakka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerma" title="Kerma">Kerma</a>, <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayala" class="extiw" title="de:Sayala">Sayala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aniba_(Nubia)" title="Aniba (Nubia)">Aniba</a>, Masmas, <a href="/wiki/Faras" title="Faras">Faras</a>, Ukma, Akasha and <a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%AF_(island)" title="Saï (island)">Sai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997369_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997369-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, two seal impressions of Sheshi have been found in <a href="/wiki/Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedissi19997,_61–62,_pl._3_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedissi19997,_61–62,_pl._3-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997366_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997366-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in a context dated archeologically to the 2nd-century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt2010122_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt2010122-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The seals of Sheshi are now scattered in many different museums, including the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Museum" title="Israel Museum">Israel Museum</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael_Museum2015[httpwwwimjorgilimaginecollectionsitemaspitemNum228004_Scarab_of_Sheshi],_reading_''"the_son_of_Ra,_Sheshi,_living_for_ever"''_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael_Museum2015[httpwwwimjorgilimaginecollectionsitemaspitemNum228004_Scarab_of_Sheshi],_reading_''"the_son_of_Ra,_Sheshi,_living_for_ever"''-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Petrie_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrie Museum">Petrie Museum</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetrie_Museum2015[httppetriecatmuseumsuclacukdispatcheraspxactionhistorySearchdatabaseChoiceUCLPCsearchst202027Sheshi2720OR20sf202027Sheshi27limit10SRT0TYP0SEQ0position1_Online_catalog]_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrie_Museum2015[httppetriecatmuseumsuclacukdispatcheraspxactionhistorySearchdatabaseChoiceUCLPCsearchst202027Sheshi2720OR20sf202027Sheshi27limit10SRT0TYP0SEQ0position1_Online_catalog]-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ashmolean" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashmolean">Ashmolean</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walters_Art_Museum" title="Walters Art Museum">Walters Art Museum</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalters_Art_Museum2015[httpthewaltersorgsearchqsheshisacx0149235820690222146053A8gmvyvv8xb4cofFORID3A10ieUTF-8_Seals_of_Seshi],_online_catalog_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters_Art_Museum2015[httpthewaltersorgsearchqsheshisacx0149235820690222146053A8gmvyvv8xb4cofFORID3A10ieUTF-8_Seals_of_Seshi],_online_catalog-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMet._Museum_of_Art2015[httpwwwmetmuseumorgcollectionthe-collection-onlinesearch556533_Seal_impression]_of_Sheshi,_the_central_column_reading_''"the_good_god,_Maaibre,_given_life"''_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMet._Museum_of_Art2015[httpwwwmetmuseumorgcollectionthe-collection-onlinesearch556533_Seal_impression]_of_Sheshi,_the_central_column_reading_''"the_good_god,_Maaibre,_given_life"''-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Museum" title="Egyptian Museum">Egyptian Museum of Cairo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997366–376_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997366–376-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_sources">Historical sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheshi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Historical sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>No historical attestation of Sheshi is known for certain. Sheshi is absent from the <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin canon</a>, a list of kings written on papyrus during the <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Ramesside period</a> and which serves as the primary historical source for the Second Intermediate Period.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt19979–18_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt19979–18-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is because the section of the papyrus covering the 13th to 17th Dynasties is heavily damaged<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt199794–97_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt199794–97-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the problem of Sheshi's chronological position cannot be resolved from the document. </p><p>It is unclear whether Sheshi is mentioned in the <i><a href="/wiki/Manetho#Aegyptiaca" title="Manetho">Aegyptiaca</a></i>, a history of Egypt written in the 3rd century BC during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy II">Ptolemy II</a> (283–246 BC) by the Egyptian priest <a href="/wiki/Manetho" title="Manetho">Manetho</a>. Indeed, the <i>Aegyptiaca</i> only reports <a href="/wiki/Hellenization" title="Hellenization">Hellenized</a> names for Egyptian pharaohs and the identification of Sheshi with any particular name remains controversial.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt2010109–110_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt2010109–110-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finally, Aharon Kempinski and <a href="/wiki/Donald_B._Redford" title="Donald B. Redford">Donald B. Redford</a> have proposed that Sheshi is the historical figure who gave rise to the Biblical <a href="/wiki/Sheshai" title="Sheshai">Sheshai</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Anakim" title="Anakim">Anakim</a> living in <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a> at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Joshua#Conquest_of_Canaan" title="Joshua">conquest of Canaan</a> by the Hebrews according to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0413.htm#22">Numbers 13:22</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKempinski198369–74_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKempinski198369–74-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford1992257_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford1992257-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/David_Rohl" class="mw-redirect" title="David Rohl">David Rohl</a> goes even further and explicitly equates Sheshi with Sheshai.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERohl200777_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERohl200777-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dynasty">Dynasty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheshi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_-_Scarab_of_Sheshi_-_Walters_4215_-_Bottom_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Egyptian_-_Scarab_of_Sheshi_-_Walters_4215_-_Bottom_%282%29.jpg/150px-Egyptian_-_Scarab_of_Sheshi_-_Walters_4215_-_Bottom_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Egyptian_-_Scarab_of_Sheshi_-_Walters_4215_-_Bottom_%282%29.jpg/225px-Egyptian_-_Scarab_of_Sheshi_-_Walters_4215_-_Bottom_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Egyptian_-_Scarab_of_Sheshi_-_Walters_4215_-_Bottom_%282%29.jpg/300px-Egyptian_-_Scarab_of_Sheshi_-_Walters_4215_-_Bottom_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="901" /></a><figcaption>Seal reading <i>"the Son of Ra, Sheshi, living for ever"</i>, <a href="/wiki/Walters_Art_Museum" title="Walters Art Museum">Walters Art Museum</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalters_Art_Museum2015Online_catalog_[httpartthewaltersorgdetail14091_Seal_14091]_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters_Art_Museum2015Online_catalog_[httpartthewaltersorgdetail14091_Seal_14091]-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p>Three competing hypotheses have been proposed regarding the dynasty to which Sheshi belonged. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hyksos_ruler">Hyksos ruler</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheshi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hyksos ruler"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/William_C._Hayes" title="William C. Hayes">William C. Hayes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Grimal" title="Nicolas Grimal">Nicolas Grimal</a>, Redford, and Peter Clayton identify Sheshi with <a href="/wiki/Salitis" title="Salitis">Salitis</a> (also known as Saites).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford1992110_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford1992110-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes19785,_8_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes19785,_8-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992185_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992185-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton199494_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton199494-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEncyclopædia_Britannica2015Salitis_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEncyclopædia_Britannica2015Salitis-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i>Aegyptiaca</i>, Salitis was the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos">Hyksos</a> <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt">15th Dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaddell197190–91_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaddell197190–91-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, Bietak and Janine Bourriau have proposed that Salitis should be identified with <a href="/wiki/Sakir-Har" title="Sakir-Har">Sakir-Har</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBourriau2003179_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourriau2003179-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a poorly known ruler of the Second Intermediate Period who, in contrast to Sheshi,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt2010120_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt2010120-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is known to have borne the title of "Hyksos".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997123_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997123-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If Sheshi is to be equated with Salitis, then the seals of Sheshi discovered in Nubia suggest that the Hyksos allied themselves with the Nubians against the native Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt">13th Dynasty</a> as soon as they arrived in the Nile Delta,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992185_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992185-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an event which Grimal places at c. 1720 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992185_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992185-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grimal envisions Sheshi's kingdom as comprising the entire Nile Delta and the Nile valley north of <a href="/wiki/Gebelein" title="Gebelein">Gebelein</a>. According to Manetho as reported by <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Against_Apion" title="Against Apion">Against Apion</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaddell197179–82_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaddell197179–82-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salitis reigned from <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Egypt" title="Memphis, Egypt">Memphis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBietak1999453_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBietak1999453-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992187_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992187-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and fortified the existing town of <a href="/wiki/Avaris" title="Avaris">Avaris</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford199298_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford199298-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was to become the Hyksos' seat of power.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton199494_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton199494-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grimal and Hayes further equate Sheshi with <a href="/wiki/Sharek" title="Sharek">Sharek</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992185_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992185-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a king whose sole attestation is found on a stone slab detailing the <a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Ankhefensekhmet" title="Genealogy of Ankhefensekhmet">genealogy of Ankhefensekhmet</a>, a priest who lived at the end of the <a href="/wiki/22nd_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="22nd Dynasty">22nd Dynasty</a> c. 750 BC, some 900 years after Sheshi's estimated lifetime.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997402_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997402-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Ayres_Ward" title="William Ayres Ward">William Ayres Ward</a> and the archaeologist Daphna Ben-Tor rely on <a href="/wiki/Seriation_(archaeology)" title="Seriation (archaeology)">seriations</a> of the seals of Sheshi and other kings of the Second Intermediate Period to date Sheshi to the second half of the 15th Dynasty, between the great Hyksos pharaohs <a href="/wiki/Khyan" title="Khyan">Khyan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apepi_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apepi (pharaoh)">Apophis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard1984168_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard1984168-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor2007106_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor2007106-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vassal_of_the_Hyksos">Vassal of the Hyksos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheshi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Vassal of the Hyksos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_von_Beckerath" title="Jürgen von Beckerath">Jürgen von Beckerath</a> is less assertive about Sheshi's identity and assigns him to his combined <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifteenth dynasty of Egypt">15th</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt">16th</a> Dynasty, where he regroups Hyksos rulers whose chronological position is uncertain together with kings whom he sees as vassals of the Hyksos.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999116–117king_f._63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999116–117king_f.-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Von Beckerath's analysis relies on the hypothesis that Manetho's 16th Dynasty comprised minor rulers of the Nile Delta region, called lesser Hyksos, who served the great Hyksos kings of the 15th Dynasty such as Khyan and Apophis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999116footnote_1_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999116footnote_1-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For Manfred Bietak, the large number of attestations of Sheshi suggests that he was an important Hyksos ruler,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBietak1999453_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBietak1999453-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yet his inclusion in the 15th Dynasty may be doubtful given the total absence of monuments attributable to him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBietak2001138_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBietak2001138-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, Bietak concludes that Sheshi should be placed in a group of West Semitic rulers who coexisted with the 15th Dynasty, possibly as vassals or partly independently from it, and some of whom even bore the title of "Hyksos".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBietak2001139_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBietak2001139-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The existence of lesser Hyksos kings in Egypt is currently debated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt2010110_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt2010110-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ryholt has shown that a statement in <a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a>' epitome of the <i>Aegyptiaca</i> indicating that the Hyksos had vassals contains a corruption of Manetho's original text.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt2010110_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt2010110-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997323,_325_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997323,_325-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, he rejects the hypothesis that the 16th Dynasty comprised vassals of the Hyksos and maintains instead that it was a native Egyptian dynasty independently reigning over the Theban region between the fall of the 13th Dynasty and the advent of the <a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt">17th Dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997151–159_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997151–159-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These conclusions on the 16th Dynasty have been accepted by many scholars, including Ben-Tor, <a href="/wiki/James_Peter_Allen" title="James Peter Allen">James Peter Allen</a>, Susan Allen,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-TorAllenAllen199948,_65–66_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-TorAllenAllen199948,_65–66-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baker and Redford.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford19978,_27–28_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford19978,_27–28-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet, for both Redford<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford1992111_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford1992111-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Bietak "without doubt, there were, under the umbrella of the fifteenth dynasty rulers, a series of vassals in southern and coastal Palestine, in Middle Egypt, and in Thebes. ... Such was the political system of the Hyksos, and typical of the <a href="/wiki/Amorites" title="Amorites">Amorite kingdoms</a> in Syria and the city-states in Palestine".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBietak2001139_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBietak2001139-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="King_of_the_14th_Dynasty">King of the 14th Dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheshi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: King of the 14th Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_-_Scarab_with_the_Cartouche_of_Sheshi_-_Walters_4226_-_Bottom_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Egyptian_-_Scarab_with_the_Cartouche_of_Sheshi_-_Walters_4226_-_Bottom_%282%29.jpg/150px-Egyptian_-_Scarab_with_the_Cartouche_of_Sheshi_-_Walters_4226_-_Bottom_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Egyptian_-_Scarab_with_the_Cartouche_of_Sheshi_-_Walters_4226_-_Bottom_%282%29.jpg/225px-Egyptian_-_Scarab_with_the_Cartouche_of_Sheshi_-_Walters_4226_-_Bottom_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Egyptian_-_Scarab_with_the_Cartouche_of_Sheshi_-_Walters_4226_-_Bottom_%282%29.jpg/300px-Egyptian_-_Scarab_with_the_Cartouche_of_Sheshi_-_Walters_4226_-_Bottom_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="899" /></a><figcaption>Seal reading <i>"the son of Ra, Sheshi, living forever"</i>, Walters Art Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalters_Art_Museum2015Online_catalog_[httpartthewaltersorgdetail9619_Seal_9619]_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters_Art_Museum2015Online_catalog_[httpartthewaltersorgdetail9619_Seal_9619]-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Ryholt and Baker reject the identification of Sheshi as a 15th Dynasty ruler.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilloughby_Fraser190021_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilloughby_Fraser190021-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008428–429_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008428–429-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ryholt observes that early Hyksos kings, such as <a href="/wiki/Sakir-Har" title="Sakir-Har">Sakir-Har</a> and Khyan, are known to have adopted the title <i><a href="/wiki/Heqa_khasewet" class="mw-redirect" title="Heqa khasewet">Heqa khasewet</a></i> meaning "ruler of the foreign lands",<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a title which Sheshi did not bear.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt2010120_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt2010120-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the later of these two kings, Khyan, only adopted an Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Prenomen" class="mw-redirect" title="Prenomen">prenomen</a> during the second half of his reign—a practice that was followed by subsequent Hyksos kings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt2010120_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt2010120-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, if Sheshi is to be identified with Maaibre, then Sheshi bore a prenomen. This implies either that he was a Hyksos king reigning after Khyan, in contradiction with Khyan's known successors Apophis and <a href="/wiki/Khamudi" title="Khamudi">Khamudi</a> and the fact that Sheshi did not bear the title of <i>Heqa khasewet</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999114–115_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999114–115-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or that he belonged to another dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt2010120_54-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt2010120-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Consequently, Ryholt suggests that Sheshi was actually a <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourteenth dynasty of Egypt">14th Dynasty</a> ruler,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the 14th Dynasty being a line of kings of Canaanite descent possibly ruling over the Eastern Nile Delta immediately before the arrival of the Hyksos 15th Dynasty. Many Egyptologists accept the existence of the 14th Dynasty based on archaeological evidence<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997103_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997103-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBourriau2003178_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourriau2003178-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on the fact that about 50 kings are recorded in the Turin canon between the 13th Dynasty and the later Hyksos rulers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBourriau2003178_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourriau2003178-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt199797_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt199797-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, Redford proposed that these 50 kings constitute the genealogy of the Hyksos rulers and that the 14th Dynasty is chimerical.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford1992106–107also_footnote_46_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford1992106–107also_footnote_46-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Based on a seriation of the scarab seals of the Second Intermediate Period available in 1900 AD, <a href="/wiki/George_Willoughby_Fraser" title="George Willoughby Fraser">George Willoughby Fraser</a> was able to date Sheshi's reign to "a short dynasty before the Hyksos invasion". More recently, Ryholt obtained a similar result using his own seriation<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt199757,_59_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt199757,_59-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and places Sheshi before <a href="/wiki/Yaqub-Har" title="Yaqub-Har">Yaqub-Har</a> and the great Hyksos rulers Khyan and Apophis and after Yakbim Sekhaenre, <a href="/wiki/Ya%27ammu_Nubwoserre" title="Ya'ammu Nubwoserre">Ya'ammu Nubwoserre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qareh" class="mw-redirect" title="Qareh">Qareh Khawoserre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aahotepre" class="mw-redirect" title="Aahotepre">'Ammu Ahotepre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt2010124_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt2010124-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rolf Krauss independently reached the same conclusion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrauss199841_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrauss199841-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Given that the earliest 14th Dynasty ruler mentioned on the Turin canon is <a href="/wiki/Nehesy" title="Nehesy">Nehesy</a>, a king who left several attestations of his reign in the Delta region, and that there is only space for one predecessor for Nehesy on the canon, Ryholt concludes that the earlier document from which the canon was copied had a <a href="/wiki/Lacuna_(manuscripts)" title="Lacuna (manuscripts)">lacuna</a> preceding Nehesy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt199712See_the_comment_on_entry_8/29_of_the_Turin_canon_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt199712See_the_comment_on_entry_8/29_of_the_Turin_canon-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such lacunae are noted as <i>wsf</i> on the canon and could cover any number of kings.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt199710–11_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt199710–11-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, Ryholt sees no obstacle with having Sheshi succeed 'Ammu Ahotepre and immediately precede Nehesy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dating">Dating</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheshi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Dating"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scarab_Sheshi_EA42477_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scarab_Sheshi_EA42477_Hall.jpg/150px-Scarab_Sheshi_EA42477_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Scarab_Sheshi_EA42477_Hall.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="185" data-file-height="253" /></a><figcaption>Scarab of Sheshi reading <i>"The good god Maaibre, given life"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHall191326_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall191326-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mid-18th_century_BC">Mid-18th century BC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheshi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Mid-18th century BC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ryholt dates Sheshi's reign to the mid-18th century BC. His main argument is the presence of seals of Sheshi and of two kings of the mid 13th Dynasty <a href="/wiki/Sekhemrekhutawy_Khabaw" title="Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw">Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Djedkheperew" title="Djedkheperew">Djedkheperew</a> in the Egyptian fort of Uronarti in Nubia. The fort of Uronarti was abandoned at some point in the 13th Dynasty, an event which Ryholt dates to the reign of Djedkheperew given the lack of seals attributable to subsequent kings. Ryholt thus proposes that Sheshi reigned from c. 1745 BC until 1705 BC and was a contemporary of Khabaw and Djedkheperew.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ryholt's hypothesis regarding Sheshi comes with his dating the start of the 14th Dynasty around 1805 BC,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> over 90 years earlier than accepted by most Egyptologists.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-TorAllenAllen199955–58_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-TorAllenAllen199955–58-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They propose instead that the 14th Dynasty emerged during the two decades of <a href="/wiki/Merneferre_Ay" title="Merneferre Ay">Merneferre Ay</a>'s reign,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor201092_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor201092-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is dated to between 1700 BC<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1660 BC, depending on the scholar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHornung2012492_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHornung2012492-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ay is the last 13th Dynasty pharaoh to be attested in Lower Egypt, and most scholars, therefore, contend that he abandoned <a href="/wiki/Itjtawy" title="Itjtawy">Itjtawy</a>, the capital of Egypt since the reign of <a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_I" title="Amenemhat I">Amenemhat I</a> (c. 1980 BC), in favor of Thebes, as he lost control of the Delta region to the 14th Dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor201092_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor201092-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBourriau2003186–187_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourriau2003186–187-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mid-_to_late-17th_century_BC">Mid- to late-17th century BC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheshi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mid- to late-17th century BC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If Sheshi is to be identified with Salitis, the founder of the 15th Dynasty, according to Manetho, then he would have lived around 1650 BC, the date agreed upon by most Egyptologists, including Ryholt, for the arrival of the Hyksos in Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBourriau2003484_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourriau2003484-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997410_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997410-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999285_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999285-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBietak2001136_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBietak2001136-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice1999174_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice1999174-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If Sheshi lived during the second half of the 15th Dynasty between the reigns of Khyan and Apophis as Ben-Tor and Ward favor<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard1984168_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard1984168-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor2010103,_106_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor2010103,_106-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then Sheshi would have reigned c. 1600 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBourriau2003484_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourriau2003484-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reign_length">Reign length</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheshi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Reign length"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Egyptologists identifying Sheshi with Salitis follow Josephus, <a href="/wiki/Sextus_Julius_Africanus" title="Sextus Julius Africanus">Sextus Julius Africanus</a> and Eusebius who report that Manetho credited Salitis with 19 years of reign in his <i>Aegyptiaca</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford1992107_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford1992107-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaddell197190–91_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaddell197190–91-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ryholt relies instead on a statistical method and estimates the duration of Sheshi's reign to have been between 20 and 53 years. The method consists in tallying the seals of Yakbim Sekhaenre, Ya'ammu Nubwoserre, Qareh Khawoserre and 'Ammu Ahotepre with those of Sheshi. Then, knowing that the first four of these kings reigned for at least 30 years,<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997199_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997199-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> implies that they have left between 7.5 and 20 seals per year while on throne. Consequently, Sheshi's nearly 400 scarabs would correspond to 20 to 53 years,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997199_108-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997199-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which Ryholt gives as about 40 years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997200_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997200-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheshi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ryholt proposes that Sheshi had at least two consorts; Tati with whom he fathered his successor pharaoh Nehesy, and an unknown queen with whom he fathered a prince Ipqu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997253_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997253-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ryholt reached this conclusion on noting that scarabs of queen Tati and Princes Ipqu and Nehesy bear stylistic markers which are found on those of Sheshi and thus that they must have been contemporaries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt199751,_53,_57_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt199751,_53,_57-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, "Tati" is attested as a feminine Nubian name in earlier <a href="/wiki/Execration_texts" title="Execration texts">execration texts</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997253_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997253-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which would explain the peculiar name of Nehesy meaning "the Nubian". For Ryholt, Sheshi's motivation behind a dynastic marriage with a <a href="/wiki/Kerma_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerma Culture">Kushite</a> princess was to ally his kingdom with the Nubians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997115_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997115-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ryholt's hypothesis concerning Nehesy may be vindicated by a number of scarabs giving Nehesy the titles of "king's son" and of "eldest king son", indicating that Nehesy's father was a king as well. In addition, both Nehesy and Ipqu bore the titles of "king's son of Ra", a conflation of the titles "son of Ra" and "king's son", which could indicate that they were appointed junior coregents by Sheshi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997288_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997288-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These conclusions are shared by Baker<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008277_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008277-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but rejected by Ben-Tor, who argues not only that Nehesy reigned before Sheshi but also that the Nehesy referred to as "king's son" was a later Hyksos prince. In 2005 a stele of Nehesy was discovered in the fortress city of <a href="/wiki/Tjaru" title="Tjaru">Tjaru</a>, the starting point of the <i>Way of Horus</i>, the major road leading out of Egypt into Canaan. The stele shows a "king's son Nehesy" offering oil to the god <a href="/wiki/Banebdjedet" title="Banebdjedet">Banebdjedet</a> and also bears an inscription mentioning the "king's sister <a href="/wiki/Tany" title="Tany">Tany</a>". A woman with this name and title is known from other sources around the time of the Hyksos pharaoh Apophis c. 1570 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE'Abd_El-MaksoudValbelle2005_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE'Abd_El-MaksoudValbelle2005-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This suggests that the "king's son Nehesy" of the stela lived c. 1570 BC as well, over 100 years after King Nehesy's estimated lifetime. This could be confirmed by Ben-Tor's observation that the scarabs referring to the "king's son Nehesy" are different in style from those referring to king Nehesy. In this situation, the "king's son Nehesy" would be a Hyksos prince different from the better-known king Nehesy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor2007110_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor2007110-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes,_references_and_sources"><span id="Notes.2C_references_and_sources"></span>Notes, references and sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheshi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes, references and sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheshi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/William_C._Hayes" title="William C. Hayes">William C. Hayes</a> gives the reign of Sheshi as three years c. 1675 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes1978xiv_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes1978xiv-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Identifying Sheshi with Salitis/Saites,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford1992110_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford1992110-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> founder of the 15th Dynasty according to the <i>Aegyptiaca</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford1992107_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford1992107-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ryholt dates the reign of Sheshi to 1745–1705 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The meaning of <i>Sheshi</i> is uncertain, it could be the diminutive of another name.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBietak1999453_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBietak1999453-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The dynasty and chronological position of Yakbim Sekhaenre are highly uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997199table_38_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997199table_38-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On the 396 seals of Sheshi catalogued by Ryholt, 325 are of unknown provenance—having possibly been dug up illegally.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997369_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997369-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Petrie Museum houses over 25 seals with catalog numbers UC 11682, 11683, 11684, 11685, 11986, 11687, 11688, 11689, 11690, 11692, 11693, 11694, 11695, 11696, 11697, 11698, 11699, 11700, 11701, 11702, 11703, 11704, 11705, 11706, 11825 and 16595.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDigital_Egypt_for_Universities2015[httpwwwuclacukmuseums-staticdigitalegyptchronology2interkingssheshihtml_King_Sheshi_Maaibre]_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDigital_Egypt_for_Universities2015[httpwwwuclacukmuseums-staticdigitalegyptchronology2interkingssheshihtml_King_Sheshi_Maaibre]-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharek's existence is doubted by Ryholt.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997402_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997402-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This title is also often rendered as <i>Heka-chasut</i>, from the Egyptian <i>Ḥq3-ḫ3swt</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannig2006606,_628–629_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannig2006606,_628–629-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ryholt's theory concerning the meaning of <i>wsf</i> on the Turin canon has been accepted by other scholars including Allen and Ben-Tor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-TorAllenAllen199950_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-TorAllenAllen199950-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 14th dynasty is traditionally dated to 1710–1650 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBietak199790fig._4.3_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBietak199790fig._4.3-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Most Egyptologists consider Nehesy to have been either the founder<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuirke2001261_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuirke2001261-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the second king of this dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999108–109_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999108–109-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This 30 year figure is strongly dependent on Ryholt's controversial reconstruction of the early 14th Dynasty. First, Ryholt uses a seriation of the seals of Yakbim, Ya'ammu, Qareh and 'Ammu to posit that they were Sheshi's predecessors,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt199750_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt199750-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a conclusion rejected by S. and J. Allen and Ben-Tor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-TorAllenAllen199952_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-TorAllenAllen199952-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then, Ryholt observes that the abandonment of the Egyptian fortress at Uronarti suggests that Sheshi and Djedkheperew were contemporaries, something which is also contested by Allen, Allen and Ben-Tor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-TorAllenAllen199952_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-TorAllenAllen199952-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, Ryholt uses his reconstruction of the 13th Dynasty to date Djedkheperew's reign to c. 1770, leaving around 30 years for Sheshi's four predecessors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997199_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997199-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheshi&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters_Art_Museum2015Online_catalog_[httpartthewaltersorgdetail29621_Seal_29621]-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalters_Art_Museum2015Online_catalog_[httpartthewaltersorgdetail29621_Seal_29621]_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalters_Art_Museum2015">Walters Art Museum 2015</a>, Online catalog <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://art.thewalters.org/detail/29621">Seal 29621</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes1978xiv-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes1978xiv_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHayes1978">Hayes 1978</a>, p. xiv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford1992110-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford1992110_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford1992110_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRedford1992">Redford 1992</a>, p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford1992107-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford1992107_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford1992107_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRedford1992">Redford 1992</a>, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997409_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, p. 409.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes19786-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes19786_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHayes1978">Hayes 1978</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon201375-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201375_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201375_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeprohon2013">Leprohon 2013</a>, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBietak1999453-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBietak1999453_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBietak1999453_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBietak1999453_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBietak1999453_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBietak1999">Bietak 1999</a>, p. 453.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor201097-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor201097_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor201097_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBen-Tor2010">Ben-Tor 2010</a>, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor2007107-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor2007107_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBen-Tor2007">Ben-Tor 2007</a>, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-TorAllenAllen199955-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-TorAllenAllen199955_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBen-TorAllenAllen1999">Ben-Tor, Allen & Allen 1999</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997367–369-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997367–369_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, pp. 367–369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997252–254,_366–376-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997252–254,_366–376_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, pp. 252–254, 366–376.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997199table_38-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997199table_38_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997199table_38_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, p. 199, table 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBietak199152,_fig._18-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBietak199152,_fig._18_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBietak1991">Bietak 1991</a>, p. 52, fig. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt199752,_60-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt199752,_60_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, pp. 52, 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt2010121-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt2010121_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt2010">Ryholt 2010</a>, p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997369-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997369_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997369_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, p. 369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997114–115-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997114–115_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, pp. 114–115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bryce 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997367-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997367_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, p. 367.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997367–368-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997367–368_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, pp. 367–368.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997368-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997368_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, p. 368.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997368–369-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997368–369_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, pp. 368–369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERedissi19997,_61–62,_pl._3-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedissi19997,_61–62,_pl._3_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRedissi1999">Redissi 1999</a>, pp. 7, 61–62, pl. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997366-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997366_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, p. 366.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt2010122-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt2010122_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt2010">Ryholt 2010</a>, p. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsrael_Museum2015[httpwwwimjorgilimaginecollectionsitemaspitemNum228004_Scarab_of_Sheshi],_reading_''"the_son_of_Ra,_Sheshi,_living_for_ever"''-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsrael_Museum2015[httpwwwimjorgilimaginecollectionsitemaspitemNum228004_Scarab_of_Sheshi],_reading_''"the_son_of_Ra,_Sheshi,_living_for_ever"''_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIsrael_Museum2015">Israel Museum 2015</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imj.org.il/imagine/collections/item.asp?itemNum=228004">Scarab of Sheshi</a>, reading <i>"the son of Ra, Sheshi, living for ever"</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDigital_Egypt_for_Universities2015[httpwwwuclacukmuseums-staticdigitalegyptchronology2interkingssheshihtml_King_Sheshi_Maaibre]-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDigital_Egypt_for_Universities2015[httpwwwuclacukmuseums-staticdigitalegyptchronology2interkingssheshihtml_King_Sheshi_Maaibre]_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDigital_Egypt_for_Universities2015">Digital Egypt for Universities 2015</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt//chronology/2interkings/sheshi.html">King Sheshi Maaibre</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrie_Museum2015[httppetriecatmuseumsuclacukdispatcheraspxactionhistorySearchdatabaseChoiceUCLPCsearchst202027Sheshi2720OR20sf202027Sheshi27limit10SRT0TYP0SEQ0position1_Online_catalog]-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetrie_Museum2015[httppetriecatmuseumsuclacukdispatcheraspxactionhistorySearchdatabaseChoiceUCLPCsearchst202027Sheshi2720OR20sf202027Sheshi27limit10SRT0TYP0SEQ0position1_Online_catalog]_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPetrie_Museum2015">Petrie Museum 2015</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://petriecat.museums.ucl.ac.uk/dispatcher.aspx?action=historySearch&database=ChoiceUCLPC&search=(st%20=%20%27Sheshi*%27%20OR%20sf%20=%20%27Sheshi*%27)&limit=10&SRT0=&TYP0=&SEQ0=&position=1">Online catalog</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters_Art_Museum2015[httpthewaltersorgsearchqsheshisacx0149235820690222146053A8gmvyvv8xb4cofFORID3A10ieUTF-8_Seals_of_Seshi],_online_catalog-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalters_Art_Museum2015[httpthewaltersorgsearchqsheshisacx0149235820690222146053A8gmvyvv8xb4cofFORID3A10ieUTF-8_Seals_of_Seshi],_online_catalog_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalters_Art_Museum2015">Walters Art Museum 2015</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thewalters.org/search/?q=sheshi&sa=&cx=014923582069022214605%3A8gmvyvv8xb4&cof=FORID%3A10&ie=UTF-8">Seals of Seshi</a>, online catalog.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMet._Museum_of_Art2015[httpwwwmetmuseumorgcollectionthe-collection-onlinesearch556533_Seal_impression]_of_Sheshi,_the_central_column_reading_''"the_good_god,_Maaibre,_given_life"''-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMet._Museum_of_Art2015[httpwwwmetmuseumorgcollectionthe-collection-onlinesearch556533_Seal_impression]_of_Sheshi,_the_central_column_reading_''"the_good_god,_Maaibre,_given_life"''_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMet._Museum_of_Art2015">Met. Museum of Art 2015</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/collection/the-collection-online/search/556533">Seal impression</a> of Sheshi, the central column reading <i>"the good god, Maaibre, given life"</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997366–376-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997366–376_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, pp. 366–376.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt19979–18-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt19979–18_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, pp. 9–18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt199794–97-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt199794–97_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, pp. 94–97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt2010109–110-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt2010109–110_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt2010">Ryholt 2010</a>, pp. 109–110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKempinski198369–74-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKempinski198369–74_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKempinski1983">Kempinski 1983</a>, pp. 69–74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford1992257-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford1992257_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRedford1992">Redford 1992</a>, p. 257.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERohl200777-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERohl200777_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRohl2007">Rohl 2007</a>, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters_Art_Museum2015Online_catalog_[httpartthewaltersorgdetail14091_Seal_14091]-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalters_Art_Museum2015Online_catalog_[httpartthewaltersorgdetail14091_Seal_14091]_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalters_Art_Museum2015">Walters Art Museum 2015</a>, Online catalog <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://art.thewalters.org/detail/14091">Seal 14091</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes19785,_8-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes19785,_8_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHayes1978">Hayes 1978</a>, pp. 5, 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992185-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992185_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992185_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992185_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992185_49-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrimal1992">Grimal 1992</a>, p. 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton199494-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton199494_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton199494_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClayton1994">Clayton 1994</a>, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEncyclopædia_Britannica2015Salitis-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEncyclopædia_Britannica2015Salitis_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2015">Encyclopædia Britannica 2015</a>, Salitis.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaddell197190–91-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaddell197190–91_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaddell197190–91_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaddell1971">Waddell 1971</a>, pp. 90–91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourriau2003179-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBourriau2003179_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBourriau2003">Bourriau 2003</a>, p. 179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt2010120-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt2010120_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt2010120_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt2010120_54-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt2010120_54-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt2010">Ryholt 2010</a>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997123-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997123_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, p. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaddell197179–82-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaddell197179–82_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaddell1971">Waddell 1971</a>, pp. 79–82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992187-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992187_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrimal1992">Grimal 1992</a>, p. 187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford199298-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford199298_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRedford1992">Redford 1992</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997402-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997402_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997402_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, p. 402.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWard1984168-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard1984168_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWard1984168_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWard1984">Ward 1984</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor2007106-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor2007106_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBen-Tor2007">Ben-Tor 2007</a>, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999116–117king_f.-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999116–117king_f._63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvon_Beckerath1999">von Beckerath 1999</a>, pp. 116–117, king f..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999116footnote_1-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999116footnote_1_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvon_Beckerath1999">von Beckerath 1999</a>, p. 116, footnote 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBietak2001138-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBietak2001138_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBietak2001">Bietak 2001</a>, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBietak2001139-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBietak2001139_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBietak2001139_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBietak2001">Bietak 2001</a>, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt2010110-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt2010110_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt2010110_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt2010">Ryholt 2010</a>, p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997323,_325-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997323,_325_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, pp. 323, 325.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997151–159-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997151–159_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, pp. 151–159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-TorAllenAllen199948,_65–66-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-TorAllenAllen199948,_65–66_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBen-TorAllenAllen1999">Ben-Tor, Allen & Allen 1999</a>, pp. 48, 65–66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford19978,_27–28-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford19978,_27–28_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRedford1997">Redford 1997</a>, pp. 8, 27–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford1992111-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford1992111_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRedford1992">Redford 1992</a>, p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalters_Art_Museum2015Online_catalog_[httpartthewaltersorgdetail9619_Seal_9619]-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalters_Art_Museum2015Online_catalog_[httpartthewaltersorgdetail9619_Seal_9619]_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalters_Art_Museum2015">Walters Art Museum 2015</a>, Online catalog <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://art.thewalters.org/detail/9619">Seal 9619</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilloughby_Fraser190021-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilloughby_Fraser190021_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilloughby_Fraser1900">Willoughby Fraser 1900</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008428–429-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008428–429_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaker2008">Baker 2008</a>, pp. 428–429.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannig2006606,_628–629-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannig2006606,_628–629_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHannig2006">Hannig 2006</a>, pp. 606, 628–629.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999114–115-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999114–115_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvon_Beckerath1999">von Beckerath 1999</a>, pp. 114–115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997103-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997103_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourriau2003178-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBourriau2003178_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBourriau2003178_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBourriau2003">Bourriau 2003</a>, p. 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt199797-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt199797_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERedford1992106–107also_footnote_46-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedford1992106–107also_footnote_46_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRedford1992">Redford 1992</a>, pp. 106–107, also footnote 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt199757,_59-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt199757,_59_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, pp. 57, 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt2010124-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt2010124_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt2010">Ryholt 2010</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrauss199841-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrauss199841_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrauss1998">Krauss 1998</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt199712See_the_comment_on_entry_8/29_of_the_Turin_canon-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt199712See_the_comment_on_entry_8/29_of_the_Turin_canon_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, p. 12, See the comment on entry 8/29 of the Turin canon.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-TorAllenAllen199950-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-TorAllenAllen199950_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBen-TorAllenAllen1999">Ben-Tor, Allen & Allen 1999</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt199710–11-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt199710–11_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, pp. 10–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall191326-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHall191326_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHall1913">Hall 1913</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBietak199790fig._4.3-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBietak199790fig._4.3_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBietak1997">Bietak 1997</a>, p. 90, fig. 4.3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-TorAllenAllen199955–58-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-TorAllenAllen199955–58_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBen-TorAllenAllen1999">Ben-Tor, Allen & Allen 1999</a>, pp. 55–58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor201092-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor201092_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor201092_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBen-Tor2010">Ben-Tor 2010</a>, p. 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHornung2012492-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHornung2012492_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHornung2012">Hornung 2012</a>, p. 492.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuirke2001261-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuirke2001261_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuirke2001">Quirke 2001</a>, p. 261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999108–109-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999108–109_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvon_Beckerath1999">von Beckerath 1999</a>, pp. 108–109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourriau2003186–187-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBourriau2003186–187_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBourriau2003">Bourriau 2003</a>, pp. 186–187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBourriau2003484-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBourriau2003484_100-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBourriau2003484_100-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBourriau2003">Bourriau 2003</a>, p. 484.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997410-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997410_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, p. 410.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999285-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999285_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvon_Beckerath1999">von Beckerath 1999</a>, p. 285.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBietak2001136-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBietak2001136_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBietak2001">Bietak 2001</a>, p. 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERice1999174-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice1999174_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRice1999">Rice 1999</a>, p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor2010103,_106-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor2010103,_106_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBen-Tor2010">Ben-Tor 2010</a>, pp. 103, 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt199750-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt199750_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-TorAllenAllen199952-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-TorAllenAllen199952_107-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-TorAllenAllen199952_107-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBen-TorAllenAllen1999">Ben-Tor, Allen & Allen 1999</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997199-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997199_108-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997199_108-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997199_108-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, p. 199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997200-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997200_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, p. 200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997253-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997253_111-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997253_111-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, p. 253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt199751,_53,_57-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt199751,_53,_57_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, pp. 51, 53, 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997115-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997115_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyholt1997288-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyholt1997288_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyholt1997">Ryholt 1997</a>, p. 288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008277-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008277_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaker2008">Baker 2008</a>, p. 277.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE'Abd_El-MaksoudValbelle2005-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE'Abd_El-MaksoudValbelle2005_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF'Abd_El-MaksoudValbelle2005">'Abd El-Maksoud & Valbelle 2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor2007110-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-Tor2007110_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBen-Tor2007">Ben-Tor 2007</a>, p. 110.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheshi&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREF'Abd_El-MaksoudValbelle2005" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">'Abd El-Maksoud, Mohamed; Valbelle, Dominique (2005). "Tell Héboua-Tjarou. L'apport de l'épigraphie". <i>Revue d'Égyptologie</i> (in French). Vol. 56. pp. 1–44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+d%27%C3%89gyptologie&rft.atitle=Tell+H%C3%A9boua-Tjarou.+L%27apport+de+l%27%C3%A9pigraphie&rft.volume=56&rft.pages=1-44&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=%27Abd+El-Maksoud&rft.aufirst=Mohamed&rft.au=Valbelle%2C+Dominique&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell D. (2008). <i>The Encyclopedia of the Egyptian Pharaohs. Volume I: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty (3300–1069 BC)</i>. London: Bannerstone Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905299-37-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905299-37-9"><bdi>978-1-905299-37-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Egyptian+Pharaohs.+Volume+I%3A+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+%283300%E2%80%931069+BC%29&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bannerstone+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-905299-37-9&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen-TorAllenAllen1999" class="citation news cs1">Ben-Tor, Daphna; Allen, Susan; <a href="/wiki/James_Peter_Allen" title="James Peter Allen">Allen, James Peter</a> (1999). "Seals and Kings". <i>Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research</i>. Vol. 315. pp. 47–74.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Schools+of+Oriental+Research&rft.atitle=Seals+and+Kings&rft.volume=315&rft.pages=47-74&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Ben-Tor&rft.aufirst=Daphna&rft.au=Allen%2C+Susan&rft.au=Allen%2C+James+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen-Tor2007" class="citation book cs1">Ben-Tor, Daphna (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yfExR8UvaAsC&q=Tati"><i>Scarabs, Chronology, and Interconnections: Egypt and Palestine in the Second Intermediate Period</i></a>. Orbis biblicus et orientalis, Series Archaeologica 27. Fribourg: Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7278-1593-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7278-1593-5"><bdi>978-3-7278-1593-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scarabs%2C+Chronology%2C+and+Interconnections%3A+Egypt+and+Palestine+in+the+Second+Intermediate+Period&rft.place=Fribourg&rft.series=Orbis+biblicus+et+orientalis%2C+Series+Archaeologica+27&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-7278-1593-5&rft.aulast=Ben-Tor&rft.aufirst=Daphna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyfExR8UvaAsC%26q%3DTati&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen-Tor2010" class="citation book cs1">Ben-Tor, Daphna (2010). "Sequence and chronology of Second Intermediate Period royal-name scarabs, based on excavated series from Egypt and the Levant". In Marée, Marcel (ed.). <i>The Second Intermediate Period (Thirteenth-Seventeenth Dynasties). Current Research, Future Prospects</i>. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 192. Leuven; Walpole, MA: Peeters. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-429-2228-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-429-2228-0"><bdi>978-90-429-2228-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sequence+and+chronology+of+Second+Intermediate+Period+royal-name+scarabs%2C+based+on+excavated+series+from+Egypt+and+the+Levant&rft.btitle=The+Second+Intermediate+Period+%28Thirteenth-Seventeenth+Dynasties%29.+Current+Research%2C+Future+Prospects&rft.series=Orientalia+Lovaniensia+Analecta+192&rft.pub=Leuven%3B+Walpole%2C+MA%3A+Peeters&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-90-429-2228-0&rft.aulast=Ben-Tor&rft.aufirst=Daphna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBietak1991" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Bietak" title="Manfred Bietak">Bietak, Manfred</a> (1991). "Egypt and Canaan during the Middle Bronze Age". <i>Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research</i>. Vol. 281. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1357163">1357163</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Schools+of+Oriental+Research&rft.atitle=Egypt+and+Canaan+during+the+Middle+Bronze+Age&rft.volume=281&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1357163%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bietak&rft.aufirst=Manfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBietak1997" class="citation book cs1">Bietak, Manfred (1997). "The Center of Hyksos Rule: Avaris (Tell el-Dab'a)". In Oren, Eliezer D. (ed.). <i>The Hyksos: New Historical and Archaeological Perspectives</i>. University Museum monograph 96; University Museum symposium series, vol. 8. Philadelphia: University Museum. pp. 87–139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-924171-46-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-924171-46-8"><bdi>978-0-924171-46-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Center+of+Hyksos+Rule%3A+Avaris+%28Tell+el-Dab%27a%29&rft.btitle=The+Hyksos%3A+New+Historical+and+Archaeological+Perspectives&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.series=University+Museum+monograph+96%3B+University+Museum+symposium+series%2C+vol.+8&rft.pages=87-139&rft.pub=University+Museum&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-924171-46-8&rft.aulast=Bietak&rft.aufirst=Manfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBietak1999" class="citation book cs1">Bietak, Manfred (1999). "Hyksos". In <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_A._Bard" title="Kathryn A. Bard">Bard, Kathryn</a> (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt</i> (3rd ed.). Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18589-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18589-9"><bdi>978-0-415-18589-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hyksos&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Archaeology+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-415-18589-9&rft.aulast=Bietak&rft.aufirst=Manfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBietak2001" class="citation book cs1">Bietak, Manfred (2001). "Hyksos". In <a href="/wiki/Donald_B._Redford" title="Donald B. Redford">Redford, Donald B.</a> (ed.). <i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. 136–143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510234-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510234-5"><bdi>978-0-19-510234-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hyksos&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+Ancient+Egypt%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=136-143&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-510234-5&rft.aulast=Bietak&rft.aufirst=Manfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBourriau2003" class="citation book cs1">Bourriau, Janine (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofa00shaw">"The Second Intermediate Period (c. 1650–1550 BC)"</a>. In Shaw, Ian (ed.). <i>The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt</i> (new ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280458-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280458-7"><bdi>978-0-19-280458-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Second+Intermediate+Period+%28c.+1650%E2%80%931550+BC%29&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=new&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280458-7&rft.aulast=Bourriau&rft.aufirst=Janine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordhistoryofa00shaw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClayton1994" class="citation book cs1">Clayton, Peter (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chronicleofphara00clay"><i>Chronicle of the Pharaohs</i></a>. Thames & Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-05074-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-05074-3"><bdi>978-0-500-05074-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronicle+of+the+Pharaohs&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-500-05074-3&rft.aulast=Clayton&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchronicleofphara00clay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrimal1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Grimal" title="Nicolas Grimal">Grimal, Nicolas</a> (1992). <i>A History of Ancient Egypt</i>. Translated by Ian Shaw. Oxford: Blackwell publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-19396-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-19396-8"><bdi>978-0-631-19396-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Blackwell+publishing&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-631-19396-8&rft.aulast=Grimal&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayes1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_C._Hayes" title="William C. Hayes">Hayes, William</a> (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/research/metpublications/The_Scepter_of_Egypt_Vol_2_The_Hyksos_Period_and_the_New_Kingdom_1675_1080_BC"><i>The Scepter of Egypt: A Background for the Study of the Egyptian Antiquities in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. 2, The Hyksos Period and the New Kingdom (1675–1080 B.C.)</i></a>. The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87099-191-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87099-191-2"><bdi>978-0-87099-191-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Scepter+of+Egypt%3A+A+Background+for+the+Study+of+the+Egyptian+Antiquities+in+The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art.+Vol.+2%2C+The+Hyksos+Period+and+the+New+Kingdom+%281675%E2%80%931080+B.C.%29&rft.pub=The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-87099-191-2&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Fresearch%2Fmetpublications%2FThe_Scepter_of_Egypt_Vol_2_The_Hyksos_Period_and_the_New_Kingdom_1675_1080_BC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall1913" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hall_(Egyptologist)" title="Henry Hall (Egyptologist)">Hall, Harry Reginald</a> (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/catalogueofegypt00hall"><i>Catalogue of Egyptian scarabs, etc., in the British Museum</i></a>. London: British Museum, Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/494841105">494841105</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+Egyptian+scarabs%2C+etc.%2C+in+the+British+Museum&rft.place=London&rft.pub=British+Museum%2C+Department+of+Egyptian+and+Assyrian+Antiquities&rft.date=1913&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F494841105&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Harry+Reginald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcatalogueofegypt00hall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannig2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hannig, Rainer (2006). <i>Grosses Handwörterbuch Ägyptisch-Deutsch (2800–950 v. Chr.): die Sprache der Pharaonen</i>. Kulturgeschichte der antiken Welt, Bd. 64 (in German). Mainz: Philip von Zabern. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8053-1771-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8053-1771-9"><bdi>978-3-8053-1771-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grosses+Handw%C3%B6rterbuch+%C3%84gyptisch-Deutsch+%282800%E2%80%93950+v.+Chr.%29%3A+die+Sprache+der+Pharaonen&rft.place=Mainz&rft.series=Kulturgeschichte+der+antiken+Welt%2C+Bd.+64&rft.pub=Philip+von+Zabern&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-3-8053-1771-9&rft.aulast=Hannig&rft.aufirst=Rainer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHornung2012" class="citation book cs1">Hornung, Erik; Krauss, Rolf; Warburton, David, eds. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/AncientEgyptianChronology"><i>Ancient Egyptian Chronology</i></a>. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Leiden, Boston: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11385-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11385-5"><bdi>978-90-04-11385-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0169-9423">0169-9423</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Egyptian+Chronology&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Boston&rft.series=Handbook+of+Oriental+Studies&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2012&rft.issn=0169-9423&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11385-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FAncientEgyptianChronology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKempinski1983" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kempinski, Aharon (1983). <i>Syrien und Palästina (Kanaan) in der letzten Phase der Mittelbronze IIB – Zeit (1650–1570 v. Chr.)</i>. Ägypten und Altes Testament, Bd. 4 (in German). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-447-02295-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-447-02295-8"><bdi>978-3-447-02295-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syrien+und+Pal%C3%A4stina+%28Kanaan%29+in+der+letzten+Phase+der+Mittelbronze+IIB+%E2%80%93+Zeit+%281650%E2%80%931570+v.+Chr.%29&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.series=%C3%84gypten+und+Altes+Testament%2C+Bd.+4&rft.pub=Harrassowitz&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-3-447-02295-8&rft.aulast=Kempinski&rft.aufirst=Aharon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrauss1998" class="citation news cs1">Krauss, Rolf (1998). "An Examination of Khyan's Place in W. 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Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58983-736-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58983-736-2"><bdi>978-1-58983-736-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Name%3A+Ancient+Egyptian+Royal+Titulary&rft.place=Atlanta&rft.series=Writings+from+the+ancient+world%2C+no.+33&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-58983-736-2&rft.aulast=Leprohon&rft.aufirst=Ronald+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1H3JAgAAQBAJ%26q%3DSheshi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDigital_Egypt_for_Universities2015" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt//chronology/2interkings/sheshi.html">"Maaibre Sheshi"</a>. <i>Digital Egypt for Universities</i>. University College London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital+Egypt+for+Universities&rft.atitle=Maaibre+Sheshi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucl.ac.uk%2Fmuseums-static%2Fdigitalegypt%2F%2Fchronology%2F2interkings%2Fsheshi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuirke2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Quirke" title="Stephen Quirke">Quirke, Stephen</a> (2001). "Second Intermediate Period". In <a href="/wiki/Donald_B._Redford" title="Donald B. Redford">Redford, Donald B.</a> (ed.). <i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 3</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. 260–265. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510234-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510234-5"><bdi>978-0-19-510234-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Second+Intermediate+Period&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+Ancient+Egypt%2C+Volume+3&rft.pages=260-265&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-510234-5&rft.aulast=Quirke&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedford1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_B._Redford" title="Donald B. Redford">Redford, Donald</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/egyptcanaanisrae00redf"><i>Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times</i></a>. Princeton: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-03606-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-03606-9"><bdi>978-0-691-03606-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egypt%2C+Canaan%2C+and+Israel+in+Ancient+Times&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-691-03606-9&rft.aulast=Redford&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fegyptcanaanisrae00redf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedford1997" class="citation book cs1">Redford, Donald B. (1997). "Textual Sources for the Hyksos Period". In Oren, Eliezer D. (ed.). <i>The Hyksos: New Historical and Archaeological Perspectives</i>. University Museum monograph 96, University Museum symposium series vol. 8. Philadelphia: University Museum, University of Pennsylvania. pp. 1–44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-924171-46-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-924171-46-8"><bdi>978-0-924171-46-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Textual+Sources+for+the+Hyksos+Period&rft.btitle=The+Hyksos%3A+New+Historical+and+Archaeological+Perspectives&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.series=University+Museum+monograph+96%2C+University+Museum+symposium+series+vol.+8&rft.pages=1-44&rft.pub=University+Museum%2C+University+of+Pennsylvania&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-924171-46-8&rft.aulast=Redford&rft.aufirst=Donald+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedissi1999" class="citation book cs1">Redissi, Taoufik (1999). "Étude des empreintes de sceaux de Carthage". In Rakob, Friedrich (ed.). <i>Karthago, III. Die deutschen Ausgrabungen in Karthago</i>. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern. pp. 4–92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8053-1679-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8053-1679-8"><bdi>978-3-8053-1679-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%C3%89tude+des+empreintes+de+sceaux+de+Carthage&rft.btitle=Karthago%2C+III.+Die+deutschen+Ausgrabungen+in+Karthago&rft.place=Mainz&rft.pages=4-92&rft.pub=Philipp+von+Zabern&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-3-8053-1679-8&rft.aulast=Redissi&rft.aufirst=Taoufik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRice1999" class="citation book cs1">Rice, Michael (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whoswhoinancient0000rice"><i>Who's Who in Ancient Egypt</i></a></span>. Routledge London & New York. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-44328-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-44328-6"><bdi>978-0-203-44328-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who+in+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pub=Routledge+London+%26+New+York&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-203-44328-6&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhoswhoinancient0000rice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRohl2007" class="citation book cs1">Rohl, David (2007). <i>The Lords of Avaris: Uncovering the Legendary Origins of Western Civilization</i>. London: Century. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-7762-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-7762-2"><bdi>978-0-7126-7762-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lords+of+Avaris%3A+Uncovering+the+Legendary+Origins+of+Western+Civilization&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Century&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7126-7762-2&rft.aulast=Rohl&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyholt1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Ryholt" title="Kim Ryholt">Ryholt, Kim</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ANRi7cM5ZwsC&q=Sheshi"><i>The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800–1550 B.C</i></a>. CNI publications, 20. Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Near Eastern Studies, University of Copenhagen : Museum Tusculanum Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-421-8"><bdi>978-87-7289-421-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Situation+in+Egypt+during+the+Second+Intermediate+Period%2C+c.+1800%E2%80%931550+B.C&rft.series=CNI+publications%2C+20&rft.pub=Carsten+Niebuhr+Institute+of+Near+Eastern+Studies%2C+University+of+Copenhagen+%3A+Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-87-7289-421-8&rft.aulast=Ryholt&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DANRi7cM5ZwsC%26q%3DSheshi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyholt2010" class="citation book cs1">Ryholt, Kim (2010). 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Leuven; Walpole, MA: Peeters. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-429-2228-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-429-2228-0"><bdi>978-90-429-2228-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+date+of+kings+Sheshi+and+Yaqubhar+and+the+rise+of+the+fourteenth+dynasty&rft.btitle=The+Second+Intermediate+Period+%28Thirteenth-Seventeenth+Dynasties%29.+Current+Research%2C+Future+Prospects&rft.series=Orientalia+Lovaniensia+Analecta+192&rft.pub=Leuven%3B+Walpole%2C+MA%3A+Peeters&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-90-429-2228-0&rft.aulast=Ryholt&rft.aufirst=Kim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2015" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/biography/Salitis">"Salitis"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i>. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft.atitle=Salitis&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FSalitis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsrael_Museum2015" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151118144945/http://www.imj.org.il/imagine/collections/item.asp?itemNum=228004">"Scarab of Sheshi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Israel_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="The Israel Museum">The Israel Museum</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imj.org.il/imagine/collections/item.asp?itemNum=228004">the original</a> on 2015-11-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Israel+Museum&rft.atitle=Scarab+of+Sheshi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imj.org.il%2Fimagine%2Fcollections%2Fitem.asp%3FitemNum%3D228004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMet._Museum_of_Art2015" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/search-results?ft=Sheshi&x=0&y=0">"Sheshi, MMA online catalog"</a>. <i>Metropolitan Museum of Art</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.atitle=Sheshi%2C+MMA+online+catalog&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Fsearch-results%3Fft%3DSheshi%26x%3D0%26y%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrie_Museum2015" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://petriecat.museums.ucl.ac.uk/dispatcher.aspx?action=historySearch&database=ChoiceUCLPC&search=(st%20=%20%27Sheshi*%27%20OR%20sf%20=%20%27Sheshi*%27)&limit=10&SRT0=&TYP0=&SEQ0=&position=1">"Sheshi, Petrie Museum online catalog"</a>. <i>Petrie Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Petrie+Museum&rft.atitle=Sheshi%2C+Petrie+Museum+online+catalog&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpetriecat.museums.ucl.ac.uk%2Fdispatcher.aspx%3Faction%3DhistorySearch%26database%3DChoiceUCLPC%26search%3D%28st%2520%3D%2520%2527Sheshi%2A%2527%2520OR%2520sf%2520%3D%2520%2527Sheshi%2A%2527%29%26limit%3D10%26SRT0%3D%26TYP0%3D%26SEQ0%3D%26position%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Beckerath1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_von_Beckerath" title="Jürgen von Beckerath">von Beckerath, Jürgen</a> (1999). <i>Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen</i> (in German). Münchner ägyptologische Studien, Heft 49, Mainz : Philip von Zabern. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8053-2591-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8053-2591-2"><bdi>978-3-8053-2591-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbuch+der+%C3%A4gyptischen+K%C3%B6nigsnamen&rft.pub=M%C3%BCnchner+%C3%A4gyptologische+Studien%2C+Heft+49%2C+Mainz+%3A+Philip+von+Zabern&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-3-8053-2591-2&rft.aulast=von+Beckerath&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaddell1971" class="citation book cs1">Waddell, William Gillan (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/manethowithengli00maneuoft#page/n125/mode/2up"><i>Manetho</i></a>. Loeb classical library, 350. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; W. Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6246102">6246102</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manetho&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts%3B+London&rft.series=Loeb+classical+library%2C+350&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press%3B+W.+Heinemann&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F6246102&rft.aulast=Waddell&rft.aufirst=William+Gillan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmanethowithengli00maneuoft%23page%2Fn125%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalters_Art_Museum2015" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://art.thewalters.org/">"Walters Art Museum, Online Collection"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Walters_Art_Museum" title="Walters Art Museum">Walters Art Museum</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Walters+Art+Museum&rft.atitle=Walters+Art+Museum%2C+Online+Collection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fart.thewalters.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard1984" class="citation book cs1">Ward, William A. (1984). "Royal-Name Scarabs". In <a href="/wiki/Olga_Tufnell" title="Olga Tufnell">Tufnell, Olga</a> (ed.). <i>Scarab Seals and their Contribution to History in the Early Second Millennium B.C</i>. Studies on Scarab Seals 2. Warminster: Aris & Phillips. pp. 151–192.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Royal-Name+Scarabs&rft.btitle=Scarab+Seals+and+their+Contribution+to+History+in+the+Early+Second+Millennium+B.C.&rft.place=Warminster&rft.series=Studies+on+Scarab+Seals+2&rft.pages=151-192&rft.pub=Aris+%26+Phillips&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=William+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilloughby_Fraser1900" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Willoughby_Fraser" title="George Willoughby Fraser">Willoughby Fraser, George</a> (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/acataloguescara01frasgoog"><i>A Catalogue of the Scarabs belonging to George Fraser</i></a>. London: B. Quaritch. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1119018">1119018</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Catalogue+of+the+Scarabs+belonging+to+George+Fraser&rft.place=London&rft.pub=B.+Quaritch&rft.date=1900&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1119018&rft.aulast=Willoughby+Fraser&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Facataloguescara01frasgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASheshi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheshi&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Protodynastic_to_First_Intermediate_Period_(" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Protodynastic</a> to <a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">First Intermediate Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<3150–2040 BC)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharaohs <ul><li>male</li> <li>female<sup>♀</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Protodynastic</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(pre-3150 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hedju_Hor" title="Hedju Hor">Hedju Hor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ny-Hor" title="Ny-Hor">Ny-Hor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ni-Neith" title="Ni-Neith">Ni-Neith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hat-Hor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hat-Hor">Hat-Hor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pu_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pu (pharaoh)">Pu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hsekiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hsekiu">Hsekiu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khayu" class="mw-redirect" title="Khayu">Khayu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiu_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiu (pharaoh)">Tiu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Thesh">Thesh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neheb" class="mw-redirect" title="Neheb">Neheb</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wazner" class="mw-redirect" title="Wazner">Wazner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mekh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekh">Mekh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Falcon" title="Double Falcon">Double Falcon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wash_(pharaoh)" title="Wash (pharaoh)">Wash</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_(pharaoh)" title="A (pharaoh)">A</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Finger_Snail" title="Finger Snail">Finger Snail</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fish_(pharaoh)" title="Fish (pharaoh)">Fish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elephant_(pharaoh)" title="Elephant (pharaoh)">Elephant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stork_(pharaoh)" title="Stork (pharaoh)">Stork</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bull_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bull (pharaoh)">Bull</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scorpion_I" title="Scorpion I">Scorpion I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_(pharaoh)" title="Crocodile (pharaoh)">Crocodile</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iry-Hor" title="Iry-Hor">Iry-Hor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka_(pharaoh)" title="Ka (pharaoh)">Ka</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scorpion_II" title="Scorpion II">Scorpion II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)">Early Dynastic</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(3150–2686 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hor-Aha" title="Hor-Aha">Hor-Aha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djer" title="Djer">Djer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djet" title="Djet">Djet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_(pharaoh)" title="Den (pharaoh)">Den</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anedjib" title="Anedjib">Anedjib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semerkhet" title="Semerkhet">Semerkhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qa%27a" title="Qa'a">Qa'a</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sneferka" title="Sneferka">Sneferka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horus_Bird_(Pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Horus Bird (Pharaoh)">Horus Bird</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Second Dynasty of Egypt">II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hotepsekhemwy" title="Hotepsekhemwy">Hotepsekhemwy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebra_(Pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebra (Pharaoh)">Nebra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nynetjer" title="Nynetjer">Nynetjer</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ba_(pharaoh)" title="Ba (pharaoh)">Ba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nubnefer" title="Nubnefer">Nubnefer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horus_Sa" title="Horus Sa">Horus Sa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weneg_(pharaoh)" title="Weneg (pharaoh)">Weneg-Nebty</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wadjenes" title="Wadjenes">Wadjenes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Senedj" title="Senedj">Senedj</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth-Peribsen" title="Seth-Peribsen">Seth-Peribsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemib-Perenmaat" title="Sekhemib-Perenmaat">Sekhemib-Perenmaat</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferkara_I" title="Neferkara I">Neferkara I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferkasokar" title="Neferkasokar">Neferkasokar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hudjefa_I" title="Hudjefa I">Hudjefa I</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasekhemwy" title="Khasekhemwy">Khasekhemwy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2686–2181 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Third Dynasty of Egypt">III</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser">Djoser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemkhet" title="Sekhemkhet">Sekhemkhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanakht" title="Sanakht">Sanakht</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nebka" title="Nebka">Nebka</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaba" title="Khaba">Khaba</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sedjes" title="Sedjes">Sedjes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qahedjet" title="Qahedjet">Qahedjet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huni" title="Huni">Huni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt">IV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sneferu" title="Sneferu">Snefru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khufu" title="Khufu">Khufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedefre" title="Djedefre">Djedefre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khafre" title="Khafre">Khafre</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bikheris" title="Bikheris">Bikheris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menkaure" title="Menkaure">Menkaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepseskaf" title="Shepseskaf">Shepseskaf</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thamphthis" title="Thamphthis">Thamphthis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifth Dynasty of Egypt">V</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Userkaf" title="Userkaf">Userkaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahure" title="Sahure">Sahure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai">Neferirkare Kakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepseskare" title="Shepseskare">Shepseskare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyuserre_Ini" title="Nyuserre Ini">Nyuserre Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menkauhor_Kaiu" title="Menkauhor Kaiu">Menkauhor Kaiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Isesi" title="Djedkare Isesi">Djedkare Isesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unas" title="Unas">Unas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixth Dynasty of Egypt">VI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teti" title="Teti">Teti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Userkare" title="Userkare">Userkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepi_I_Meryre" title="Pepi I Meryre">Pepi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_I" title="Merenre Nemtyemsaf I">Merenre Nemtyemsaf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepi_II_Neferkare" title="Pepi II Neferkare">Pepi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_II" title="Merenre Nemtyemsaf II">Merenre Nemtyemsaf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netjerkare_Siptah" title="Netjerkare Siptah">Netjerkare Siptah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferka" title="Neferka">Neferka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nefer#Pharaoh" title="Nefer">Nefer</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">1<sup>st</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2181–2040 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventh Dynasty of Egypt">VII</a>/<a href="/wiki/Eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighth Dynasty of Egypt">VIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menkare" title="Menkare">Menkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_II" title="Neferkare II">Neferkare II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Neby" title="Neferkare Neby">Neferkare III Neby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Shemai" title="Djedkare Shemai">Djedkare Shemai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Khendu" title="Neferkare Khendu">Neferkare IV Khendu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenhor" title="Merenhor">Merenhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkamin" title="Neferkamin">Neferkamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikare" title="Nikare">Nikare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Tereru" title="Neferkare Tereru">Neferkare V Tereru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkahor" title="Neferkahor">Neferkahor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Pepiseneb" title="Neferkare Pepiseneb">Neferkare VI Pepiseneb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkamin_Anu" title="Neferkamin Anu">Neferkamin Anu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qakare_Ibi" title="Qakare Ibi">Qakare Iby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkaure" title="Neferkaure">Neferkaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkauhor" title="Neferkauhor">Neferkauhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferirkare" title="Neferirkare">Neferirkare</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wadjkare" title="Wadjkare">Wadjkare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khuiqer" title="Khuiqer">Khuiqer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khui" title="Khui">Khui</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iytjenu" title="Iytjenu">Iytjenu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Ninth Dynasty of Egypt">IX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meryibre_Khety" title="Meryibre Khety">Meryibre Khety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare,_ninth_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Neferkare, ninth dynasty">Neferkare VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebkaure_Khety" title="Nebkaure Khety">Nebkaure Khety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setut" title="Setut">Setut</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imhotep_(pharaoh)" title="Imhotep (pharaoh)">Imhotep</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Tenth Dynasty of Egypt">X</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meryhathor" title="Meryhathor">Meryhathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_VIII" title="Neferkare VIII">Neferkare VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahkare_Khety" title="Wahkare Khety">Wahkare Khety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merikare" title="Merikare">Merykare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Middle_Kingdom_and_Second_Intermediate_Period_(2040–1550_BC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">Second Intermediate Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (2040–1550 BC)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharaohs <ul><li>male</li> <li>female<sup>♀</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2040–1802 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">XI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_I" title="Mentuhotep I">Mentuhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intef_I" title="Intef I">Intef I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intef_II" title="Intef II">Intef II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intef_III" title="Intef III">Intef III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_II" title="Mentuhotep II">Mentuhotep II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_III" title="Mentuhotep III">Mentuhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_IV" title="Mentuhotep IV">Mentuhotep IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em">Nubia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Segerseni" title="Segerseni">Segerseni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qakare_Ini" title="Qakare Ini">Qakare Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyibkhentre" title="Iyibkhentre">Iyibkhentre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt">XII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_I" title="Amenemhat I">Amenemhat I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusret_I" title="Senusret I">Senusret I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_II" title="Amenemhat II">Amenemhat II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusret_II" title="Senusret II">Senusret II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusret_III" title="Senusret III">Senusret III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_III" title="Amenemhat III">Amenemhat III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_IV" title="Amenemhat IV">Amenemhat IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekneferu" title="Sobekneferu">Sobekneferu</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seankhibtawy_Seankhibra" title="Seankhibtawy Seankhibra">Seankhibtawy Seankhibra</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">2<sup>nd</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1802–1550 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Khutawy_Sobekhotep" title="Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep">Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonbef" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonbef">Sonbef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerikare" title="Nerikare">Nerikare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemkare" title="Sekhemkare">Sekhemkare Amenemhat V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameny_Qemau" title="Ameny Qemau">Ameny Qemau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotepibre" title="Hotepibre">Hotepibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iufni" title="Iufni">Iufni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhet_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Amenemhet VI">Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semenkare_Nebnuni" title="Semenkare Nebnuni">Semenkare Nebnuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehetepibre" title="Sehetepibre">Sehetepibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare" title="Sewadjkare">Sewadjkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedjemibre" title="Nedjemibre">Nedjemibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaankhre_Sobekhotep" title="Khaankhre Sobekhotep">Khaankhre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renseneb" title="Renseneb">Renseneb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hor" title="Hor">Hor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemrekhutawy_Khabaw" title="Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw">Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkheperew" title="Djedkheperew">Djedkheperew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebkay" title="Sebkay">Sebkay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedjefakare" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedjefakare">Sedjefakare</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wegaf" title="Wegaf">Wegaf</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khendjer" title="Khendjer">Khendjer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imyremeshaw" title="Imyremeshaw">Imyremeshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehetepkare_Intef" title="Sehetepkare Intef">Sehetepkare Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Meribre" title="Seth Meribre">Seth Meribre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_III" title="Sobekhotep III">Sobekhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferhotep_I" title="Neferhotep I">Neferhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihathor" title="Sihathor">Sihathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_IV" title="Sobekhotep IV">Sobekhotep IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merhotepre_Sobekhotep" title="Merhotepre Sobekhotep">Merhotepre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobekhotep VI">Khahotepre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahibre_Ibiau" title="Wahibre Ibiau">Wahibre Ibiau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merneferre_Ay" title="Merneferre Ay">Merneferre Ay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merhotepre_Ini" title="Merhotepre Ini">Merhotepre Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankhenre_Sewadjtu" title="Sankhenre Sewadjtu">Sankhenre Sewadjtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersekhemre_Ined" title="Mersekhemre Ined">Mersekhemre Ined</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare_Hori" title="Sewadjkare Hori">Sewadjkare Hori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkawre_Sobekhotep" title="Merkawre Sobekhotep">Merkawre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mershepsesre_Ini_II" title="Mershepsesre Ini II">Mershepsesre Ini II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewahenre_Senebmiu" title="Sewahenre Senebmiu">Sewahenre Senebmiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkheperre" title="Merkheperre">Merkheperre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkare" title="Merkare">Merkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjare_Mentuhotep" title="Sewadjare Mentuhotep">Sewadjare Mentuhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seheqenre_Sankhptahi" title="Seheqenre Sankhptahi">Seheqenre Sankhptahi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yakbim_Sekhaenre" title="Yakbim Sekhaenre">Yakbim Sekhaenre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ya%27ammu_Nubwoserre" title="Ya'ammu Nubwoserre">Ya'ammu Nubwoserre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qareh" class="mw-redirect" title="Qareh">Qareh Khawoserre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aahotepre" class="mw-redirect" title="Aahotepre">'Ammu Ahotepre</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maaibre Sheshi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehesy" title="Nehesy">Nehesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakherewre" class="mw-redirect" title="Khakherewre">Khakherewre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebefawre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebefawre">Nebefawre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehebre" title="Sehebre">Sehebre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merdjefare" title="Merdjefare">Merdjefare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare_III" title="Sewadjkare III">Sewadjkare III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebdjefare" title="Nebdjefare">Nebdjefare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebsenre" title="Nebsenre">Nebsenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekheperenre" title="Sekheperenre">Sekheperenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebnum" title="Bebnum">Bebnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Apepi" title="'Apepi">'Apepi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nuya" title="Nuya">Nuya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wazad" title="Wazad">Wazad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sheneh_(pharaoh)" title="Sheneh (pharaoh)">Sheneh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shenshek" title="Shenshek">Shenshek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khamure" title="Khamure">Khamure</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yakareb" title="Yakareb">Yakareb</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yaqub-Har" title="Yaqub-Har">Yaqub-Har</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sharek" title="Sharek">Sharek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Semqen" title="Semqen">Semqen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aperanat" title="Aperanat">'Aper-'Anati</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salitis" title="Salitis">Salitis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakir-Har" title="Sakir-Har">Sakir-Har</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khyan" title="Khyan">Khyan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yanassi" title="Yanassi">Yanassi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apepi" title="Apepi">Apepi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamudi" title="Khamudi">Khamudi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djehuti" class="mw-redirect" title="Djehuti">Djehuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_VIII" title="Sobekhotep VIII">Sobekhotep VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferhotep_III" title="Neferhotep III">Neferhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seankhenre_Mentuhotepi" title="Seankhenre Mentuhotepi">Mentuhotepi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebiryraw_I" title="Nebiryraw I">Nebiryraw I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebiriau_II" title="Nebiriau II">Nebiriau II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semenre" title="Semenre">Semenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebiankh" title="Bebiankh">Bebiankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Shedwast" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekhemre Shedwast">Sekhemre Shedwast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedumose_I" title="Dedumose I">Dedumose I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedumose_II" title="Dedumose II">Dedumose II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedankhre_Montemsaf" title="Djedankhre Montemsaf">Montuemsaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merankhre_Mentuhotep" title="Merankhre Mentuhotep">Merankhre Mentuhotep</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Senusret_IV" title="Senusret IV">Senusret IV</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pepi_III" title="Pepi III">Pepi III</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Abydos_Dynasty" title="Abydos Dynasty">Abydos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Senebkay" title="Senebkay">Senebkay</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wepwawetemsaf" title="Wepwawetemsaf">Wepwawetemsaf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pantjeny" title="Pantjeny">Pantjeny</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Snaaib" title="Snaaib">Snaaib</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rahotep" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahotep">Rahotep</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nebmaatre" title="Nebmaatre">Nebmaatre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekemsaf_I" title="Sobekemsaf I">Sobekemsaf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekemsaf_II" title="Sobekemsaf II">Sobekemsaf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre-Wepmaat_Intef" title="Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef">Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubkheperre_Intef" title="Nubkheperre Intef">Nubkheperre Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat_Intef" title="Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef">Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senakhtenre_Ahmose" title="Senakhtenre Ahmose">Senakhtenre Ahmose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seqenenre_Tao" title="Seqenenre Tao">Seqenenre Tao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamose" title="Kamose">Kamose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="New_Kingdom_and_Third_Intermediate_Period_(1550–664_BC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">Third Intermediate Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (1550–664 BC)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Pharaohs  <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(male</span></li><li><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">female<sup>♀</sup>)</span></li><li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1550–1070 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose_I" title="Ahmose I">Ahmose I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_I" title="Amenhotep I">Amenhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_I" title="Thutmose I">Thutmose I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_II" title="Thutmose II">Thutmose II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_III" title="Thutmose III">Thutmose III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_II" title="Amenhotep II">Amenhotep II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_IV" title="Thutmose IV">Thutmose IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III">Amenhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smenkhkare" title="Smenkhkare">Smenkhkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten" title="Neferneferuaten">Neferneferuaten</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ay_(pharaoh)" title="Ay (pharaoh)">Ay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horemheb" title="Horemheb">Horemheb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_I" title="Ramesses I">Ramesses I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merneptah" title="Merneptah">Merneptah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenmesse" title="Amenmesse">Amenmesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seti_II" title="Seti II">Seti II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siptah" title="Siptah">Siptah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twosret" class="mw-redirect" title="Twosret">Twosret</a><sup>♀</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt">XX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Setnakhte" title="Setnakhte">Setnakhte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_III" title="Ramesses III">Ramesses III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_IV" title="Ramesses IV">Ramesses IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_V" title="Ramesses V">Ramesses V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VI" title="Ramesses VI">Ramesses VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VII" title="Ramesses VII">Ramesses VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VIII" title="Ramesses VIII">Ramesses VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_IX" title="Ramesses IX">Ramesses IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_X" title="Ramesses X">Ramesses X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_XI" title="Ramesses XI">Ramesses XI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">3<sup>rd</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1069–664 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt">XXI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smendes" title="Smendes">Smendes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemnisu" title="Amenemnisu">Amenemnisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_I" title="Psusennes I">Psusennes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemope_(pharaoh)" title="Amenemope (pharaoh)">Amenemope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_the_Elder" title="Osorkon the Elder">Osorkon the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamun" title="Siamun">Siamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_II" title="Psusennes II">Psusennes II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Amun" title="High Priest of Amun">High Priests of Amun</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herihor" title="Herihor">Herihor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piankh" title="Piankh">Piankh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinedjem_I" title="Pinedjem I">Pinedjem I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masaharta" title="Masaharta">Masaharta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkhonsuefankh" title="Djedkhonsuefankh">Djedkhonsuefankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menkheperre" title="Menkheperre">Menkheperre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smendes_II" title="Smendes II">Smendes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinedjem_II" title="Pinedjem II">Pinedjem II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_III" title="Psusennes III">Psusennes III</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt">XXII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_I" title="Shoshenq I">Shoshenq I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_I" title="Osorkon I">Osorkon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_II" title="Shoshenq II">Shoshenq II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tutkheperre_Shoshenq" title="Tutkheperre Shoshenq">Tutkheperre Shoshenq</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takelot_I" title="Takelot I">Takelot I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_II" title="Osorkon II">Osorkon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_III" title="Shoshenq III">Shoshenq III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_IV" title="Shoshenq IV">Shoshenq IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pami" title="Pami">Pami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_V" title="Shoshenq V">Shoshenq V</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pedubast_II" title="Pedubast II">Pedubast II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_IV" title="Osorkon IV">Osorkon IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt">XXIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harsiese_A" title="Harsiese A">Harsiese A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takelot_II" title="Takelot II">Takelot II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedubast_I" title="Pedubast I">Pedubast I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iuput_I" title="Iuput I">Iuput I</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_VI" title="Shoshenq VI">Shoshenq VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_III" title="Osorkon III">Osorkon III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takelot_III" title="Takelot III">Takelot III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudamun" title="Rudamun">Rudamun</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_VII" title="Shoshenq VII">Shoshenq VII</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ini_(pharaoh)" title="Ini (pharaoh)">Menkheperre Ini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">XXIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tefnakht" title="Tefnakht">Tefnakht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakenranef" title="Bakenranef">Bakenranef</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt">XXV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piye" title="Piye">Piye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shebitku" title="Shebitku">Shebitku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabaka" title="Shabaka">Shabaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taharqa" title="Taharqa">Taharqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantamani" title="Tantamani">Tanutamun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Late_to_Roman_Period_(664_BC–313_AD)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late</a> to <a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(664 BC–313 AD)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharaohs <ul><li>male</li> <li>female<sup>♀</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(664–332 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt">XXVI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ammeris" title="Ammeris">Ammeris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefnakht_II" title="Tefnakht II">Tefnakht II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nekauba" title="Nekauba">Nekauba</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necho_I" title="Necho I">Necho I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_I" title="Psamtik I">Psamtik I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necho_II" title="Necho II">Necho II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_II" title="Psamtik II">Psamtik II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apries" title="Apries">Wahibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasis_II" title="Amasis II">Ahmose II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_III" title="Psamtik III">Psamtik III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt">XXVII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petubastis_III" title="Petubastis III">Petubastis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_the_Great" title="Darius the Great">Darius I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psammetichus_IV" title="Psammetichus IV">Psammetichus IV</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_I" title="Artaxerxes I">Artaxerxes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_II" title="Darius II">Darius II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt">XXVIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amyrtaeus" title="Amyrtaeus">Amyrtaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt">XXIX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepherites_I" title="Nepherites I">Nepherites I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakor" title="Hakor">Hakor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psammuthes" title="Psammuthes">Psammuthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepherites_II" title="Nepherites II">Nepherites II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muthis" title="Muthis">Muthis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">XXX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_I" title="Nectanebo I">Nectanebo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teos_of_Egypt" title="Teos of Egypt">Teos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II">Nectanebo II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thirty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt">XXXI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III">Artaxerxes III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabash" title="Khabash">Khabash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arses_of_Persia" title="Arses of Persia">Arses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_III" title="Darius III">Darius III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(332–30 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Argead</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Macedon" title="Philip III of Macedon">Philip III Arrhidaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy I Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy II Philadelphus">Ptolemy II Philadelphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_II" title="Arsinoe II">Arsinoe II</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes" title="Ptolemy III Euergetes">Ptolemy III Euergetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice II">Berenice II Euergetes</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy IV Philopator">Ptolemy IV Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_III_Philopator" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsinoe III Philopator">Arsinoe III Philopator</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_V_Epiphanes" title="Ptolemy V Epiphanes">Ptolemy V Epiphanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_I_Syra" title="Cleopatra I Syra">Cleopatra I Syra</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VI_Philometor" title="Ptolemy VI Philometor">Ptolemy VI Philometor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_II" title="Cleopatra II">Cleopatra II</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator">Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon" title="Ptolemy VIII Physcon">Ptolemy VIII Euergetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_III" title="Cleopatra III">Cleopatra III</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IX_Lathyros" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy IX Lathyros">Ptolemy IX Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_IV" title="Cleopatra IV">Cleopatra IV</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I" title="Ptolemy X Alexander I">Ptolemy X Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_III" title="Berenice III">Berenice III</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XI_Alexander_II" title="Ptolemy XI Alexander II">Ptolemy XI Alexander II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XII_Auletes" title="Ptolemy XII Auletes">Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_V" title="Cleopatra V">Cleopatra V</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_IV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice IV of Egypt">Berenice IV Epiphaneia</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VI_Tryphaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VI Tryphaena">Cleopatra VI Tryphaena</a></i><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII Philopator</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator">Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_IV" title="Arsinoe IV">Arsinoe IV</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIV Philopator">Ptolemy XIV Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion">Ptolemy XV Caesarion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(30 BC–313 AD)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="XXXIV" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_pharaoh" title="Roman pharaoh">XXXIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galba" title="Galba">Galba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otho" title="Otho">Otho</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vitellius" title="Vitellius">Vitellius</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus" title="Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerva" title="Nerva">Nerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Verus" title="Lucius Verus">Lucius Verus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodus" title="Commodus">Commodus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pertinax" title="Pertinax">Pertinax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pescennius_Niger" title="Pescennius Niger">Pescennius Niger</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geta_(emperor)" title="Geta (emperor)">Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrinus" title="Macrinus">Macrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadumenian" title="Diadumenian">Diadumenian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elagabalus" title="Elagabalus">Elagabalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Severus_Alexander" title="Severus Alexander">Severus Alexander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Thrax" title="Maximinus Thrax">Maximinus Thrax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordian_I" title="Gordian I">Gordian I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordian_II" title="Gordian II">Gordian II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pupienus" title="Pupienus">Pupienus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balbinus" title="Balbinus">Balbinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordian_III" title="Gordian III">Gordian III</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Arab" title="Philip the Arab">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decius" title="Decius">Decius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trebonianus_Gallus" title="Trebonianus Gallus">Trebonianus Gallus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aemilianus" title="Aemilianus">Aemilianus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_(emperor)" title="Valerian (emperor)">Valerian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macrianus_Minor" title="Macrianus Minor">Macrianus Minor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quietus" title="Quietus">Quietus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Mussius_Aemilianus" title="Lucius Mussius Aemilianus">Lucius Mussius Aemilianus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gallienus" title="Gallienus">Gallienus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Gothicus" title="Claudius Gothicus">Claudius Gothicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quintillus" title="Quintillus">Quintillus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aurelian" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_(emperor)" title="Tacitus (emperor)">Tacitus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probus_(emperor)" title="Probus (emperor)">Probus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carus" title="Carus">Carus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carinus" title="Carinus">Carinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Numerian" title="Numerian">Numerian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximian" title="Maximian">Maximian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galerius" title="Galerius">Galerius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Daza" title="Maximinus Daza">Maximinus Daza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Dynastic_genealogies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Dynastic genealogies</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="First Dynasty of Egypt family tree">1<sup>st</sup></a></li> <li>2<sup>nd</sup></li> <li>3<sup>rd</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">4<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt family tree">11<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">12<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">18<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">19<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">20<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st,_22nd_%26_23rd_dynasties_of_Egypt_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="21st, 22nd & 23rd dynasties of Egypt family tree">21<sup>st</sup> to 23<sup>rd</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt#Family_tree" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">24<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">25<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">26<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">27<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt#Family_tree" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">30<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">31<sup>st</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty#Family_tree" title="Argead dynasty">Argead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic family tree">Ptolemaic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs" title="List of pharaohs">List of pharaohs</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheshi&oldid=1251986781">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sheshi&oldid=1251986781</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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