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<head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Polish official says NATO considering shooting down Russian missiles that approach its borders</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327131553/https://fonts.gstatic.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327131553/https://fonts.gstatic.com/" crossorigin> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327131553/https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:wght@400;500;600;700&display=swap"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327131553cs_/https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:wght@400;500;600;700&display=swap" media="print" onload="this.media='all'"> <style> @charset "UTF-8";@import 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</div> <figure class="c-feature-image-figure"> <div class="c-feature-image-wrap"> <picture> <source srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327131553im_/https://assets.kyivindependent.com/content/images/2024/03/GettyImages-1953490187.webp" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327131553im_/https://assets.kyivindependent.com/content/images/2024/03/GettyImages-1953490187.jpg" type="image/jpg"> <img alt="" class="c-feature-image lazyload" width="810" height="540" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327131553/https://assets.kyivindependent.com/content/images/2024/03/GettyImages-1953490187.jpg"> </picture> </div> <figcaption class="c-feature-image-caption">Polish Deputy Foreign Minister Andrzej Szejna, in Krakow, Poland, on Jan. 22, 2023. (Klaudia Radecka/NurPhoto via Getty Images)</figcaption> </figure> </div> <article class="c-post post tag-news-feed tag-poland tag-russia tag-ukraine tag-nato tag-missile-attack " data-id="660293690b392a43ee08c614" data-is-video-post="false" data-tags="news-feed, poland, russia, ukraine, nato, missile-attack"> <div class="speechkit-container"></div> <div class="speechkit-container-description">This audio is created with AI assistance</div> <div class="c-content "> <div class="supportUs-article__banner"> <p class="supportUs-article__text"> Support independent journalism in Ukraine. <span class="supportUs-article__text_highlight">Join us in this fight.</span> </p> <div class="supportUs-article__btns"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/membership/?utm_source=top-article-monthly&utm_medium=top-article&utm_campaign=top-article" class="supportUs-article__btn-member"> Become a member </a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/membership/?interval=onetime&utm_source=top-article-once&utm_medium=top-article&utm_campaign=top-article" class="supportUs-article__btn-once"> Support us just once </a> </div> </div> <p>NATO is reportedly considering the option of shooting down Russian missiles if they stray too close to its borders, Polish Deputy Foreign Minister Andrzej Szejna said to the Polish media outlet RMF24 on March 26. </p><p>Poland was forced to <a rel="dofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/poland-scrambles-fighter-jets-amid-drone-missile-attacks-on-ukraine/" rel="dofollow"><strong>scramble its fighter jets</strong></a> to protect its airspace during Russia's drone and missile attack against Ukraine on March 24, when a Russian cruise missile entered Poland's airspace for 39 seconds.</p><p>Russia's ambassador to Poland, Sergei Andreyev, was summoned by Poland's Foreign Ministry in response to the incident, but he <a rel="dofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/russian-ambassador-rejects-polands-summons-over-missile/">rejected the request</a>. </p><p> Szejna <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327131553/https://www.rmf24.pl/tylko-w-rmf24/rozmowa-o-7/news-szejna-ambasador-andriejew-wykazal-sie-dezercja-dyplomatyczn,nId,7411894#crp_state=1">said</a> that "(Russia)<em> </em>knew that if the missile moved further into Poland, it would be shot down. There would be a counterattack."</p><p>"Various concepts are being analyzed within NATO, including for such missiles to be shot down when they are very close to the NATO border," he added. </p><p>Such a proposal would have to be approved by the Ukrainian side, Szejna said. </p><p>Russian missiles have previously <a rel="dofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/polish-foreign-ministry-summons-russian-charge-daffaires-over-missile-incident/" rel="dofollow"><strong><strong><strong>entered</strong></strong></strong></a> Polish airspace during attacks on Ukraine. On Dec. 29, 2023, a missile entered Polish airspace, putting the country's defenses on high alert.</p><p>In another incident on Nov. 15, 2022, a missile flew onto Polish territory during a Russian mass strike, killing two civilians. Polish investigators later <a rel="dofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/media-polish-investigation-concludes-ukrainian-air-defense-missile-fell-on-polish-territory-last-year/" rel="dofollow"><strong><strong><strong><strong>concluded</strong></strong></strong></strong></a> that it was a stray Ukrainian anti-air projectile launched to intercept the Russian attack.</p><figure class="kg-card kg-bookmark-card"><a class="kg-bookmark-container" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/ukraine-war-latest-6/"><div class="kg-bookmark-content"><div class="kg-bookmark-title">Ukraine war latest: Russia hits Kyiv, Odesa with ballistic missiles, injuring civilians</div><div class="kg-bookmark-description">Key developments on March 25: * Russia launches another missile attack on Kyiv, at least 2 injured * Russian attack on Odesa injures 4 * Navy: Russian warship Ivan Khurs may have been damaged in Ukraine’s March 23 missile attack on Crimea * Russian governor claims fire at power plant in Rostov…</div><div class="kg-bookmark-metadata"><img class="kg-bookmark-icon" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327131553im_/https://assets.kyivindependent.com/content/images/size/w256h256/format/png/2023/03/K-new.svg" alt=""><span class="kg-bookmark-author">The Kyiv Independent</span><span class="kg-bookmark-publisher">The Kyiv Independent news desk</span></div></div><div class="kg-bookmark-thumbnail"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327131553im_/https://assets.kyivindependent.com/content/images/2024/03/IMG_5941-1.jpg" alt=""></div></a></figure> </div> <div id="reading-progress-end"></div> <div id="article-ads-slot"></div> <div class="c-post__author"> <span "c-post__author_title">Authors:</span> <a class="c-post__author_link" href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/author/nate/">Nate Ostiller</a><span class="c-post__author_divider">,</span> <a class="c-post__author_link" href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/author/kyivindependentnews/">The Kyiv Independent news desk</a> </div> <div id="article-banner" data-paid="" class="articleBannerJoinUsInThisFight"> <div class="articleBannerJoinUsInThisFight__content"> <div> <div class="articleBannerJoinUsInThisFight__title"> Support independent journalism in Ukraine. <span class="articleBannerJoinUsInThisFight__title_underlined">Join us in this fight.</span> </div> <div class="articleBannerJoinUsInThisFight__text"> Freedom can be costly. 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<a rel="dofollow" href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/uk-general-admits-that-military-couldnt-fight-russia-for-more-than-a-couple-of-months/" class="archiveCard__link"> UK general admits military 'couldn't fight Russia for more than a couple of months.' </a> </h3> <div class="archiveCard__description small">The striking admission was the latest warning from U.K. defense and military officials cautioning that the country is unprepared for armed conflict. </div> </div> <div class="c-teaser__underline"></div> </article> <article data-archive-id="2024-03-27T12:25:12.000+02:00" class="archiveCard "> <div class="c-teaser__meta"> <span class="c-teaser__date"> 12:25 PM </span> </div> <div class="c-teaser__content"> <h3 class="archiveCard__title small"> <a rel="dofollow" href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/russian-drones-artillery-missiles-pound-kharkiv-oblast-injuring-4/" class="archiveCard__link"> Russian drones, artillery, missiles pound Kharkiv Oblast, injuring 4. </a> </h3> <div class="archiveCard__description small">Russia hit Kharkiv Oblast with cruise missiles, kamikaze drones, artillery, and mortars over the last 24 hours, injuring four people, Kharkiv Oblast Governor Oleh Syniehubov said on March 27.</div> </div> <div class="c-teaser__underline"></div> </article> <div class="ukraine-daily-side-banner"> <div class="ukraine-daily-side-banner__content"> <div> <div class="ukraine-daily-side-banner__content_title">Ukraine <span>Daily</span></div> <div class="ukraine-daily-side-banner__content_subtitle">News from Ukraine in your inbox</div> <div class="ukraine-daily-side-banner__content_hashtag"><span>Ukraine</span> news</div> </div> <div> <div class="ukraine-daily-side-banner__form"> <input id="daily-newsletter-side-input" class="ukraine-daily-bottom-long-banner__form_input" placeholder="Enter your email" type="email"/> <button form="daily-form" id="daily-newsletter-side-submit-btn" class="ukraine-daily-side-banner__btn" type="submit"> Subscribe </button> </div> <span id="daily-newsletter-side-info" class="ukraine-daily-bottom-short-banner__info">Please, enter correct email address</span> </div> </div> </div> <article data-archive-id="2024-03-27T11:39:27.000+02:00" class="archiveCard "> <div class="c-teaser__meta"> <span class="c-teaser__date"> 11:39 AM </span> <div class="c-teaser__tag"> <a href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/tag/opinion/">Opinion</a> </div> </div> <div class="c-teaser__content"> <h3 class="archiveCard__title small"> <a rel="dofollow" href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/opinion-russias-policy-of-torture-on-show-in-moscow-terror-trial/" class="archiveCard__link"> Opinion: Russia's policy of torture on show in Moscow terror 'trial' </a> </h3> <div class="archiveCard__description small"></div> </div> <div class="c-teaser__underline"></div> </article> <article data-archive-id="2024-03-27T11:24:58.000+02:00" class="archiveCard "> <div class="c-teaser__meta"> <span class="c-teaser__date"> 11:24 AM </span> </div> <div class="c-teaser__content"> <h3 class="archiveCard__title small"> <a rel="dofollow" href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/russian-media-number-of-wounded-in-moscow-attack-rises-to-360/" class="archiveCard__link"> Russian media: Number of wounded in Moscow attack rises to 360. </a> </h3> <div class="archiveCard__description small">Russian authorities had previously estimated the number of wounded to be around 180.</div> </div> <div class="c-teaser__underline"></div> </article> <article data-archive-id="2024-03-27T10:56:37.000+02:00" class="archiveCard "> <div class="c-teaser__meta"> <span class="c-teaser__date"> 10:56 AM </span> </div> <div class="c-teaser__content"> <h3 class="archiveCard__title small"> <a rel="dofollow" href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/fearing-reprisals-turkmenistan-to-repatriate-students-in-russia-after-terror-attack/" class="archiveCard__link"> Fearing reprisals, Turkmenistan to repatriate students in Russia after terror attack. </a> </h3> <div class="archiveCard__description small">Authorities in Turkmenistan are working on repatriating Turkmen students studying in Russia, fearing retaliation over last week’s terrorist attack at Moscow’s Crocus City Hall, RFE/RL reported on March 26. </div> </div> <div class="c-teaser__underline"></div> </article> <article data-archive-id="2024-03-27T10:42:01.000+02:00" class="archiveCard "> <div class="c-teaser__meta"> <span class="c-teaser__date"> 10:42 AM </span> </div> <div class="c-teaser__content"> <h3 class="archiveCard__title small"> <a rel="dofollow" href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/moscow-attack-suspects-families-interrogated-by-russia-in-tajikistan-interviewed-by-media/" class="archiveCard__link"> Moscow attack suspects' families interrogated by Russia in Tajikistan, interviewed by media. </a> </h3> <div class="archiveCard__description small">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty's Tajik service also published an article on March 27 containing a series of interviews with the suspects' family members, many of whom said they found it hard to believe the men would have been motivated by extremist Islamic beliefs. </div> </div> <div class="c-teaser__underline"></div> </article> <article data-archive-id="2024-03-27T09:56:59.000+02:00" class="archiveCard "> <div class="c-teaser__meta"> <span class="c-teaser__date"> 9:56 AM </span> </div> <div class="c-teaser__content"> <h3 class="archiveCard__title small"> <a rel="dofollow" href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/general-staff-russia-has-lost-439-190-troops-in-ukraine-since-feb-24-2022/" class="archiveCard__link"> General Staff: Russia has lost 439,190 troops in Ukraine since Feb 24, 2022. </a> </h3> <div class="archiveCard__description small">This number includes 1,030 casualties Russian forces suffered just over the past day.</div> </div> <div class="c-teaser__underline"></div> </article> <article data-archive-id="2024-03-27T09:39:47.000+02:00" class="archiveCard "> <div class="c-teaser__meta"> <span class="c-teaser__date"> 9:39 AM </span> </div> <div class="c-teaser__content"> <h3 class="archiveCard__title small"> <a rel="dofollow" href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/reuters-russia-facing-delays-in-oil-payments-from-china-turkey-and-uae/" class="archiveCard__link"> Reuters: Russia facing delays in oil payments from China, Turkey and UAE. </a> </h3> <div class="archiveCard__description small">Banks in China, the UAE, and Turkey have boosted sanctions compliance leading to Russian oil firms facing months of delays in receiving payments, Reuters reported on March 27. In some cases, money transfers to Moscow have been rejected entirely, several sources familiar with the matter told the outlet.</div> </div> <div class="c-teaser__underline"></div> </article> <article data-archive-id="2024-03-27T09:17:18.000+02:00" class="archiveCard "> <div class="c-teaser__meta"> <span class="c-teaser__date"> 9:17 AM </span> </div> <div class="c-teaser__content"> <h3 class="archiveCard__title small"> <a rel="dofollow" href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/us-south-korea-launch-task-force-to-combat-illegal-shipment-of-oil-to-north-korea/" class="archiveCard__link"> US, South Korea launch task force to combat illegal shipment of oil to North Korea. </a> </h3> <div class="archiveCard__description small">The two countries also said they were increasingly concerned that Russia has been providing refined oil to North Korea. </div> </div> <div class="c-teaser__underline"></div> </article> <article data-archive-id="2024-03-27T04:39:28.000+02:00" class="archiveCard "> <div class="c-teaser__meta"> <span class="c-teaser__date"> 4:39 AM </span> </div> <div class="c-teaser__content"> <h3 class="archiveCard__title small"> <a rel="dofollow" href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/ministry-of-defense-creates-new-structural-unit-logistics-planning-department/" class="archiveCard__link"> Defense Ministry establishes department for logistics planning. </a> </h3> <div class="archiveCard__description small">Ukraine's Defense Ministry established a new structural unit, the Logistics Support Planning Department, in an effort to create long-term procurement plans for the military, the Defense Ministry announced on March 26. </div> </div> <div class="c-teaser__underline"></div> </article> <article data-archive-id="2024-03-27T03:29:24.000+02:00" class="archiveCard "> <div class="c-teaser__meta"> <span class="c-teaser__date"> 3:29 AM </span> </div> <div class="c-teaser__content"> <h3 class="archiveCard__title small"> <a rel="dofollow" href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/world-bank-approves-1-5-billion-development-policy-loan-for-ukraine/" class="archiveCard__link"> Ukraine to receive $1.5 billion development loan from World Bank. </a> </h3> <div class="archiveCard__description small">Ukraine will receive a $1.5 billion loan through the World Bank under its "Growth Foundations" Development Policy Loan (DPL) program, Ukraine's Finance Ministry announced on March 26.</div> </div> <div class="c-teaser__underline"></div> </article> <article data-archive-id="2024-03-27T01:21:12.000+02:00" class="archiveCard "> <div class="c-teaser__meta"> <span class="c-teaser__date"> 1:21 AM </span> </div> <div class="c-teaser__content"> <h3 class="archiveCard__title small"> <a rel="dofollow" href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/russia-attacks-10-communities-in-sumy-oblast/" class="archiveCard__link"> Russia attacks 10 communities in Sumy Oblast. </a> </h3> <div class="archiveCard__description small">Russian forces attacked border areas and settlements of Sumy Oblast on March 26, firing 36 times and causing at least 181 explosions, the Sumy Oblast Military Administration reported.</div> </div> <div class="c-teaser__underline"></div> </article> <article data-archive-id="2024-03-27T00:20:56.000+02:00" class="archiveCard "> <div class="c-teaser__meta"> <span class="c-teaser__date"> 12:20 AM </span> </div> <div class="c-teaser__content"> <h3 class="archiveCard__title small"> <a rel="dofollow" href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/thousands-of-hungarians-protest-against-orban-following-corruption-leak-scandal/" class="archiveCard__link"> Thousands of Hungarians protest against Orban following corruption leak scandal. </a> </h3> <div class="archiveCard__description small">Thousands of people gathered near the Hungarian parliament in Budapest on March 26, calling for the resignation of the chief prosecutor and Prime Minister Viktor Orban, Reuters reported.</div> </div> <div class="c-teaser__underline"></div> </article> <article data-archive-id="2024-03-27T00:04:29.000+02:00" class="archiveCard "> <div class="c-teaser__meta"> <span class="c-teaser__date"> 12:04 AM </span> <div class="c-teaser__tag"> <a href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/tag/war-update/">War update</a> </div> </div> <div class="c-teaser__content"> <h3 class="archiveCard__title small"> <a rel="dofollow" href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/ukraine-war-latest-march-26/" class="archiveCard__link"> Ukraine war latest: At least 32 Ukrainian POWs executed in Russian captivity during winter, UN says </a> </h3> <div class="archiveCard__description small"></div> </div> <div class="c-teaser__underline"></div> </article> <article data-archive-id="2024-03-26T23:58:26.000+02:00" class="archiveCard "> <div class="c-teaser__meta"> <span class="c-teaser__date"> 11:58 PM </span> </div> <div class="c-teaser__content"> <h3 class="archiveCard__title small"> <a rel="dofollow" href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/pentagon-says-us/" class="archiveCard__link"> US to defend NATO allies if attacked, Pentagon says after Russian missile enters Polish airspace. </a> </h3> <div class="archiveCard__description small">Pentagon spokesperson Sabrina Singh's comments came after Polish deputy Foreign Minister said that NATO was reportedly considering the option of shooting down Russian missiles if they stray too close to its borders. </div> </div> <div class="c-teaser__underline"></div> </article> <article data-archive-id="2024-03-26T23:49:59.000+02:00" class="archiveCard "> <div class="c-teaser__meta"> <span class="c-teaser__date"> 11:49 PM </span> </div> <div class="c-teaser__content"> <h3 class="archiveCard__title small"> <a rel="dofollow" href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/slovenia-joins-czech-ammunition-initiative-for-ukraine/" class="archiveCard__link"> Slovenia to join Czech ammunition initiative for Ukraine. </a> </h3> <div class="archiveCard__description small">Czech Foreign Minister Jan Lipavsky told journalists that Slovenia will join Czechia's initiative to supply artillery shells for Ukraine, Radio Prague International reported on March 26.</div> </div> <div class="c-teaser__underline"></div> </article> <article data-archive-id="2024-03-26T23:48:45.000+02:00" class="archiveCard "> <div class="c-teaser__meta"> <span class="c-teaser__date"> 11:48 PM </span> </div> <div class="c-teaser__content"> <h3 class="archiveCard__title small"> <a rel="dofollow" href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/ukraine-beats-iceland-qualifies-for-euro-2024/" class="archiveCard__link"> Ukraine beats Iceland, qualifies for Euro 2024. </a> </h3> <div class="archiveCard__description small">Ukraine's national football team has qualified for the 2024 UEFA European Football Championship after beating Iceland 2:1. It will be Ukraine's 4th straight European Championship, with the 2024 edition taking place in Germany in June and July.</div> </div> <div class="c-teaser__underline"></div> </article> <article data-archive-id="2024-03-26T23:20:34.000+02:00" class="archiveCard "> <div class="c-teaser__meta"> <span class="c-teaser__date"> 11:20 PM </span> </div> <div class="c-teaser__content"> <h3 class="archiveCard__title small"> <a rel="dofollow" href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/at-least-32-ukrainian-pows-executed-in-russian-captivity-during-winter-un-commission-says/" class="archiveCard__link"> UN: At least 32 Ukrainian POWs executed in Russian captivity during winter. </a> </h3> <div class="archiveCard__description small">At least 32 Ukrainian prisoners of war (POW), recently captured by Russia, have been executed between Dec. 1, 2023, and Feb. 29, a report by the Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) said on March 26. </div> </div> <div class="c-teaser__underline"></div> </article> <article data-archive-id="2024-03-26T23:13:39.000+02:00" class="archiveCard "> <div class="c-teaser__meta"> <span class="c-teaser__date"> 11:13 PM </span> </div> <div class="c-teaser__content"> <h3 class="archiveCard__title small"> <a rel="dofollow" href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/bloomberg-macron-seeking-to-convince-lula/" class="archiveCard__link"> Bloomberg: Macron seeking to convince Lula on Ukraine during Brazil trip. </a> </h3> <div class="archiveCard__description small">French President Emmanuel Macron is seeking to convince his Brazilian counterpart Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva Lula to support Ukraine during his trip to Brazil, Bloomberg reported on March 26.</div> </div> <div class="c-teaser__underline"></div> </article> <article data-archive-id="2024-03-26T22:59:52.000+02:00" class="archiveCard "> <div class="c-teaser__meta"> <span class="c-teaser__date"> 10:59 PM </span> </div> <div class="c-teaser__content"> <h3 class="archiveCard__title small"> <a rel="dofollow" href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/ukraine-state-owned-enterprises-weekly-issue-124/" class="archiveCard__link"> Ukraine state-owned enterprises weekly — Issue 124 </a> </h3> <div class="archiveCard__description small"></div> </div> <div class="c-teaser__underline"></div> </article> <article data-archive-id="2024-03-26T22:55:46.000+02:00" class="archiveCard "> <div class="c-teaser__meta"> <span class="c-teaser__date"> 10:55 PM </span> </div> <div class="c-teaser__content"> <h3 class="archiveCard__title small"> <a rel="dofollow" href="/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/french-minister-paris-to-soon-deliver-78-caesar-howitzers-increase-shell-supplies-to-ukraine/" class="archiveCard__link"> French minister: Paris to soon deliver 78 Caesar howitzers, increase shell supplies to Ukraine. </a> </h3> <div class="archiveCard__description small">France will soon be able to supply Ukraine with 78 Caesar howitzers and has boosted its production of artillery rounds to meet Kyiv's most urgent needs, the Associated Press (AP) reported on March 26, citing French Defense Minister Sebastien Lecornu.</div> </div> <div class="c-teaser__underline"></div> </article> </div> <button class="home__feed_collapseBtn" id="more-feed-news">MORE NEWS</button> <a class="home__feed_collapseBtn link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327131553/https://kyivindependent.com/news-archive" id="more-feed-news-link">MORE NEWS</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="editorsPicks__headWrap"> <h2 class="typography"> Editors' Picks <span class="typography__underline"/> </h2> </div> <div class="editorsPicks"> <article class="editorsPicks__card post tag-russian-elections tag-vladimir-putin tag-russia tag-occupied-territories tag-xi-jinping tag-eastern-europe tag-hash-editors-picks"> <a rel="dofollow" 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