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class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">埃德温·斯努尔</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。11种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%DA%A4%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ادڤينس سنور – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ادڤينس سنور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edv%C4%ABns_%C5%A0nore" title="Edvīns Šnore – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Edvīns Šnore" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edv%C4%ABns_%C5%A0nore" title="Edvīns Šnore – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Edvīns Šnore" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edv%C4%ABns_%C5%A0nore" title="Edvīns Šnore – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Edvīns Šnore" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%A4%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%BD_%D5%87%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A5" title="Էդվինս Շնորե – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էդվինս Շնորե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%89%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%8E%E3%82%A2" title="エドヴィンス・シュノア – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エドヴィンス・シュノア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edv%C4%ABns_%C5%A0nore" title="Edvīns Šnore – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Edvīns Šnore" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edv%C4%ABns_%C5%A0nore" title="Edvīns Šnore – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Edvīns Šnore" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edv%C4%ABns_%C5%A0nore" title="Edvīns Šnore – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Edvīns Šnore" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5,_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Шноре, Эдвинс – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шноре, Эдвинс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%A8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Едвінс Шноре – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Едвінс Шноре" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q973428#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94" lang="zh-Hans-CN" 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><span class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal">Dr.</span><br /><span class="fn">埃德温·斯努尔</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:12.Saeimas_deput%C4%81ts_Edv%C4%ABns_%C5%A0nore_(15983707225).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/12.Saeimas_deput%C4%81ts_Edv%C4%ABns_%C5%A0nore_%2815983707225%29.jpg/220px-12.Saeimas_deput%C4%81ts_Edv%C4%ABns_%C5%A0nore_%2815983707225%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/12.Saeimas_deput%C4%81ts_Edv%C4%ABns_%C5%A0nore_%2815983707225%29.jpg/330px-12.Saeimas_deput%C4%81ts_Edv%C4%ABns_%C5%A0nore_%2815983707225%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/12.Saeimas_deput%C4%81ts_Edv%C4%ABns_%C5%A0nore_%2815983707225%29.jpg/440px-12.Saeimas_deput%C4%81ts_Edv%C4%ABns_%C5%A0nore_%2815983707225%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3435" data-file-height="5152" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">出生</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1974-03-21</span>) </span>1974年3月21日<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow">（<span class="currentage"></span>50歲）</span><br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%B1%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="拉脱维亚苏维埃社会主义共和国">拉脱维亚苏维埃社会主义共和国</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B9%E7%88%BE%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82" title="紹爾克拉斯蒂">紹爾克拉斯蒂</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">国籍</th><td class="infobox-data category" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">教育程度</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">博士</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">母校</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%B1%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="拉脱维亚大学">拉脱维亚大学</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">职业</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="">導演, 作家, 編輯</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">知名于</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E7%9A%84%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B" title="苏维埃的故事">苏维埃的故事</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">政党</th><td class="infobox-data org" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F_(%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E)" title="民族聯盟 (拉脫維亞)">民族聯盟</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>埃德温·斯努尔</b>（拉脫維亞語：Edvīns Šnore，1974年3月21日<span class="useeditintro" title="Template:BLP editintro">—</span>）出生于<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B9%E7%88%BE%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82" title="紹爾克拉斯蒂">紹爾克拉斯蒂</a>，是<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脱维亚</a>知名<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1%E5%B0%8E%E6%BC%94" title="電影導演">电影导演</a>和政治家。他于2014年<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>至2018年擔任<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%B1%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="拉脱维亚议会">拉脱维亚議會</a>議員。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>斯努尔的家人来自<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E8%BF%AA%E5%8A%A0" title="库尔迪加">库尔迪加</a>。他在<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E5%8A%A0" title="里加">里加</a>就讀高中。在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7%E5%89%A7%E5%8F%98" title="东欧剧变">東歐劇變</a>期間，他同情<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉脱维亚人民阵线" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Popular Front of Latvia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E8%84%B1%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E9%98%B5%E7%BA%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉脱维亚人民阵线（页面不存在）">拉脱维亚人民阵线</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Front_of_Latvia" class="extiw" title="en:Popular Front of Latvia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Popular Front of Latvia</span></a></span>）</span></span>。後來他前往挪威学习<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="政治学">政治学</a> ，並在<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%B1%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="拉脱维亚大学">拉脱维亚大学</a>获得硕士学位。在2013年，他完成了有關<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E5%A4%A7%E9%A5%91%E8%8D%92" class="mw-redirect" title="烏克蘭大饑荒">烏克蘭大饑荒</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%BA%E6%96%87" title="论文">博士学位论文</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 斯努尔以其2008年的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E9%8C%84%E7%89%87" title="紀錄片">纪录片</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%83%E7%9A%84%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B" title="苏维埃的故事">《蘇維埃的故事》</a>而闻名。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>因这部紀錄片，他于2008年获得拉脱维亚<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="三星勳章" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Order of the Three Stars"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E5%8B%B3%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三星勳章（页面不存在）">三星勳章</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Three_Stars" class="extiw" title="en:Order of the Three Stars"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Order of the Three Stars</span></a></span>）</span></span>，并于2009年获得爱沙尼亚<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="泰拉·马里亚纳十字勋章" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E7%BA%B3%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%8B%8B%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泰拉·马里亚纳十字勋章（页面不存在）">泰拉·马里亚纳十字勋章</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Cross_of_Terra_Mariana" class="extiw" title="en:Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana</span></a></span>）</span></span>。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>2016年，斯努尔拍攝了另一部有關<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E9%81%8A%E6%93%8A%E6%88%B0" title="波羅的海三國遊擊戰">波羅的海三國遊擊戰</a>的纪录片，名为《未知战争：波罗的海的抵抗》（The Unknown War: Baltic Resistance）。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baltic-course.com/eng/analytics/?doc=98500">Mandates confirmed for 99 members of 12th Saeima in Latvia</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Baltic_Course&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Baltic Course（页面不存在）">The Baltic Course</a>. 4 November 2014 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055819/http://www.baltic-course.com/eng/analytics/?doc=98500">存档</a>于2016-03-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94&rft.atitle=Mandates+confirmed+for+99+members+of+12th+Saeima+in+Latvia&rft.date=2014-11-04&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltic-course.com%2Feng%2Fanalytics%2F%3Fdoc%3D98500&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bnn-news.com/political-parties-successfully-compose-13th-saeima-193479">Political parties successfully compose 13th Saeima</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltic_News_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baltic News Network（页面不存在）">Baltic News Network</a>. 6 November 2018 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190604063712/https://bnn-news.com/political-parties-successfully-compose-13th-saeima-193479">存档</a>于2019-06-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94&rft.atitle=Political+parties+successfully+compose+13th+Saeima&rft.date=2018-11-06&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbnn-news.com%2Fpolitical-parties-successfully-compose-13th-saeima-193479&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Šnore, Edvīns. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dspace.lu.lv/dspace/bitstream/handle/7/4851/34553-Edvins_Snore_2013.pdf">Ukrainas bada tēma Rietumu publiskajā telpā 20.gs. 30. gadu sākumā</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Latvia（页面不存在）">University of Latvia</a>. 2013 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2015]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416193138/https://dspace.lu.lv/dspace/bitstream/handle/7/4851/34553-Edvins_Snore_2013.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2019-04-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94&rft.aufirst=Edv%C4%ABns&rft.aulast=%C5%A0nore&rft.btitle=Ukrainas+bada+t%C4%93ma+Rietumu+publiskaj%C4%81+telp%C4%81+20.gs.+30.+gadu+s%C4%81kum%C4%81&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=University+of+Latvia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdspace.lu.lv%2Fdspace%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F7%2F4851%2F34553-Edvins_Snore_2013.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/europe/2008/05/22/telling-the-soviet-story">Telling the Soviet story</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" class="mw-redirect" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. 22 May 2008 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2011]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201128150416/https://www.economist.com/europe/2008/05/22/telling-the-soviet-story">存档</a>于2020-11-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94&rft.atitle=Telling+the+Soviet+story&rft.date=2008-05-22&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Feurope%2F2008%2F05%2F22%2Ftelling-the-soviet-story&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Genzlinger, Neil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/24/movies/24sovi.html">Atrocities Magnified</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a>. 23 October 2008 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2011]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112221144/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/24/movies/24sovi.html">存档</a>于2020-11-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94&rft.atitle=Atrocities+Magnified&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft.aulast=Genzlinger&rft.date=2008-10-23&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F10%2F24%2Fmovies%2F24sovi.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120229192004/http://www.president.ee/en/estonia/decorations/bearers.php?id=17630">Bearers of decorations</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_Republic_of_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President of the Republic of Estonia（页面不存在）">President of the Republic of Estonia</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-12-09</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.ee/en/estonia/decorations/bearers.php?id=17630">原始内容</a>存档于2012-02-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94&rft.btitle=Bearers+of+decorations&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=President+of+the+Republic+of+Estonia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.president.ee%2Fen%2Festonia%2Fdecorations%2Fbearers.php%3Fid%3D17630&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baltic-course.com/eng/Technology/?doc=120400">Snore produces new documentary about Baltic guerilla resistance against Soviet authorities</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Baltic_Course&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Baltic Course（页面不存在）">The Baltic Course</a>. 6 May 2016 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2017]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160507133342/http://www.baltic-course.com/eng/Technology/?doc=120400">存档</a>于2016-05-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94&rft.atitle=Snore+produces+new+documentary+about+Baltic+guerilla+resistance+against+Soviet+authorities&rft.date=2016-05-06&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltic-course.com%2Feng%2FTechnology%2F%3Fdoc%3D120400&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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