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Astrokemija – Wikipedija

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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Povijest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povijest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Povijest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povijest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Astrokemija</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 48 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrochemie" title="Astrochemie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Astrochemie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كيمياء فلكية – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كيمياء فلكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrokimya" title="Astrokimya – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Astrokimya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%83%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="জ্যোতিঃরসায়ন – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জ্যোতিঃরসায়ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astroqu%C3%ADmica" title="Astroquímica – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Astroquímica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C4%95ng-%C3%B9ng_Hu%C3%A1-h%C5%8Fk" title="Tiĕng-ùng Huá-hŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tiĕng-ùng Huá-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrochemie" title="Astrochemie – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Astrochemie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αστροχημεία – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αστροχημεία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrochemistry" title="Astrochemistry – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Astrochemistry" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrokemio" title="Astrokemio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Astrokemio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astroqu%C3%ADmica" title="Astroquímica – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Astroquímica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrokeemia" title="Astrokeemia – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Astrokeemia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C" title="اخترشیمی – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اخترشیمی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrokemia" title="Astrokemia – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Astrokemia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrochimie" title="Astrochimie – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Astrochimie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="खगोलरसायन – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खगोलरसायन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Աստղաքիմիա – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աստղաքիմիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrokimia" title="Astrokimia – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Astrokimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrochimica" title="Astrochimica – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Astrochimica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="天体化学 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="天体化学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ასტროქიმია – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ასტროქიმია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрохимия – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Астрохимия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4%ED%99%94%ED%95%99" title="천체화학 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="천체화학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрохимия – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Астрохимия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astruchimica" title="Astruchimica – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Astruchimica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Астрохемија – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Астрохемија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrokimia" title="Astrokimia – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Astrokimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrochemie" title="Astrochemie – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Astrochemie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrokjemi" title="Astrokjemi – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Astrokjemi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrochemia" title="Astrochemia – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Astrochemia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A_%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%98%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%87_%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="د ستورو کیمیاوي پېژندنه یا ستورکیمیا – paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د ستورو کیمیاوي پېژندنه یا ستورکیمیا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astroqu%C3%ADmica" title="Astroquímica – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Astroquímica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrochimie" title="Astrochimie – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Astrochimie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрохимия – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Астрохимия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrohemija" title="Astrohemija – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Astrohemija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrochemistry" title="Astrochemistry – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Astrochemistry" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astroch%C3%A9mia" title="Astrochémia – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Astrochémia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrokemija" title="Astrokemija – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Astrokemija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Астрохемија – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Астрохемија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrokemi" title="Astrokemi – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Astrokemi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เคมีดาราศาสตร์ – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เคมีดาราศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrokimya" title="Astrokimya – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Astrokimya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Астрохімія – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Астрохімія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrokimyo" title="Astrokimyo – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Astrokimyo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc_thi%C3%AAn_th%E1%BB%83" title="Hóa học thiên thể – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hóa học thiên thể" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ასტროქიმია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ასტროქიმია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="天体化学 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="天体化学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="天體化學 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="天體化學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11680018" title="Poveznica na stavku na projektu Wikipodatci [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodatcima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><p><b>Astrokemija</b> je proučavanje obilja i reakcija <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekula</a> u <a href="/wiki/Svemir" title="Svemir">svemiru</a> i njihove interakcije sa <a href="/wiki/Zra%C4%8Denje" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Zračenje">zračenjem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Astrokemija je disciplina koja povezuje <a href="/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija">astronomiju</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kemija" title="Kemija">kemiju</a>. Izrat"astrokemija" može se primijeniti i na Sunčev sustav i na međuzvjezdani medij. Proučavanje obilja elemenata i omjera izotopa u objektima Sunčevog sustava, poput meteorita, naziva se i kozmokemijom, dok se proučavanje međuzvjezdanih atoma i molekula te njihova interakcija sa zračenjem ponekad naziva i molekularnom astrofizikom. Formiranje, atomski i kemijski sastav, evolucija i sudbina molekularnih plinskih oblaka posebno su zanimljivi, jer upravo iz tih oblaka nastaju solarni sustavi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povijest">Povijest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrokemija&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Povijest" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrokemija&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povijest"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Promatranja solarnih spektra kao što su izveli <a href="/wiki/Athanasius_Kircher" title="Athanasius Kircher">Athanasius Kircher</a> (1646.), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Marek_Marci&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Marek Marci (stranica ne postoji)">Jan Marek Marci</a> (1648.), <a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boyle</a> (1664.) i Francesco Maria Grimaldi (1665.), sve su prethodila <a href="/w/index.php?title=Issac_Newton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Issac Newton (stranica ne postoji)">Newtonovom</a> radu 1666. godine koji je utvrdio spektralnu prirodu svjetlosti i rezultirao prvim <a href="/wiki/Spektroskop" title="Spektroskop">spektroskop</a>. <a href="/wiki/Spektroskopija" title="Spektroskopija">Spektroskopija</a> je prvi put korištena kao astronomska tehnika 1802. Eksperimentima <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hyde_Wollaston&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Hyde Wollaston (stranica ne postoji)">Williama Hydea Wollastona</a>, koji je izgradio spektrometar za promatranje spektralnih linija prisutnih unutar Sunčevog zračenja. Te spektralne linije kasnije su kvantificirane kroz rad <a href="/wiki/Joseph_von_Fraunhofer" title="Joseph von Fraunhofer">Josepha von Fraunhofera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dok se radioastronomija razvijala 1930-ih, sve do 1937. godine nisu se pojavili nikakvi značajni dokazi za konačnu identifikaciju međuzvjezdane molekule.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> - sve do ove točke, jedine kemijske vrste za koje se znalo da postoje u međuzvjezdanom prostoru bile su atomske. Ti su nalazi potvrđeni 1940. godine,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> kada su McKellar i sur. identificirane i pripisane spektroskopske linije u tada neidentificiranom radio-promatranju molekulama CH i CN u međuzvjezdanom prostoru. U trideset godina nakon toga, u međuzvjezdanom prostoru otkriven je mali izbor drugih molekula: najvažniji je OH, otkriven 1963. godine<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> i značajan kao izvor međuzvjezdanog kisika, i H2CO (formalmaldehid), otkriven 1969. i značajan jer je prva promatrana organska, poliatomska molekula u međuzvjezdanom prostoru.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrokemija&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrokemija&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7012897">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161120211934/https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/research/amp-rg/astrochemistry">Astrochemistry</a>. <i>www.cfa.harvard.edu/</i>. 15. srpnja 2013. Inačica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/research/amp-rg/astrochemistry">izvorne stranice</a> arhivirana 20. studenoga 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 20. studenoga 2016.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=www.cfa.harvard.edu%2F&amp;rft.atitle=Astrochemistry&amp;rft.date=2013-07-15&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfa.harvard.edu%2Fresearch%2Famp-rg%2Fastrochemistry&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AAstrokemija" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFBurns1987" class="citation book cs1">Burns, Thorburn. 1987. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6Rg7AAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA1&amp;lpg=PA1&amp;dq=Marci">Aspects of the development of colorimetric analysis and quantitative molecular spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible region</a>. Burgess, C.; Mielenz, K. D. (ur.). <i>Advances in Standards and Methodology in Spectrophotometry</i>. Elsevier Science. Burlington. str.&#160;1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780444599056" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/9780444599056"><bdi>9780444599056</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Aspects+of+the+development+of+colorimetric+analysis+and+quantitative+molecular+spectroscopy+in+the+ultraviolet-visible+region&amp;rft.btitle=Advances+in+Standards+and+Methodology+in+Spectrophotometry&amp;rft.place=Burlington&amp;rft.pages=1&amp;rft.pub=Elsevier+Science&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.isbn=9780444599056&amp;rft.aulast=Burns&amp;rft.aufirst=Thorburn&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6Rg7AAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1%26lpg%3DPA1%26dq%3DMarci&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AAstrokemija" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFSwings,_P._&amp;_Rosenfeld,_L.1937" class="citation journal cs1">Swings, P. &amp; Rosenfeld, L. 1937. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1937ApJ....86..483S">Considerations Regarding Interstellar Molecules</a>. <i>Astrophysical Journal</i>. <b>86</b>: 483–486. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1937ApJ....86..483.">1937ApJ....86..483.</a>. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F143879">10.1086/143879</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Astrophysical+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=Considerations+Regarding+Interstellar+Molecules&amp;rft.volume=86&amp;rft.pages=483-486&amp;rft.date=1937&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F143879&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1937ApJ....86..483.&amp;rft.au=Swings%2C+P.+%26+Rosenfeld%2C+L.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Ffull%2F1937ApJ....86..483S&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AAstrokemija" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFMcKellar,_A.1940" class="citation journal cs1">McKellar, A. 1940. Evidence for the Molecular Origin of Some Hitherto Unidentified Interstellar Lines. <i>Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific</i>. <b>52</b> (307): 187. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1940PASP...52..187M">1940PASP...52..187M</a>. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F125159">10.1086/125159</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Publications+of+the+Astronomical+Society+of+the+Pacific&amp;rft.atitle=Evidence+for+the+Molecular+Origin+of+Some+Hitherto+Unidentified+Interstellar+Lines&amp;rft.volume=52&amp;rft.issue=307&amp;rft.pages=187&amp;rft.date=1940&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F125159&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1940PASP...52..187M&amp;rft.au=McKellar%2C+A.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AAstrokemija" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFS._Weinreb,_A._H._Barrett,_M._L._Meeks_&amp;_J._C._Henry1963" class="citation journal cs1">S. Weinreb, A. H. Barrett, M. L. Meeks &amp; J. C. Henry. 1963. Radio Observations of OH in the Interstellar Medium. <i>Nature</i>. <b>200</b> (4909): 829–831. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1963Natur.200..829W">1963Natur.200..829W</a>. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F200829a0">10.1038/200829a0</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature&amp;rft.atitle=Radio+Observations+of+OH+in+the+Interstellar+Medium&amp;rft.volume=200&amp;rft.issue=4909&amp;rft.pages=829-831&amp;rft.date=1963&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F200829a0&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1963Natur.200..829W&amp;rft.au=S.+Weinreb%2C+A.+H.+Barrett%2C+M.+L.+Meeks+%26+J.+C.+Henry&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AAstrokemija" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFLewis_E._Snyder,_David_Buhl,_B._Zuckerman,_and_Patrick_Palmer1969" class="citation journal cs1">Lewis E. Snyder, David Buhl, B. Zuckerman, and Patrick Palmer. 1969. Microwave Detection of Interstellar Formaldehyde. <i>Phys. Rev. Lett</i>. <b>22</b> (13): 679–681. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969PhRvL..22..679S">1969PhRvL..22..679S</a>. <a href="/wiki/DOI" class="mw-redirect" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.22.679">10.1103/PhysRevLett.22.679</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Phys.+Rev.+Lett.&amp;rft.atitle=Microwave+Detection+of+Interstellar+Formaldehyde&amp;rft.volume=22&amp;rft.issue=13&amp;rft.pages=679-681&amp;rft.date=1969&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.22.679&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1969PhRvL..22..679S&amp;rft.au=Lewis+E.+Snyder%2C+David+Buhl%2C+B.+Zuckerman%2C+and+Patrick+Palmer&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AAstrokemija" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐84d8f4b96‐s5sxn Cached time: 20241118043454 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.175 seconds Real time usage: 0.208 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 313/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 13107/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 5/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 21423/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.101/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3674444/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 183.828 1 Predložak:Izvori 100.00% 183.828 1 -total 65.89% 121.122 1 Predložak:Cite_news 13.30% 24.440 4 Predložak:Cite_journal 5.76% 10.596 1 Predložak:Cite_book --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key hrwiki:pcache:idhash:671087-0!canonical and timestamp 20241118043454 and revision id 6694316. 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