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class="vector-dropdown-label-text">보이기</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko" class=""><span>기부</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다" class=""><span>계정 만들기</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-역사" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#역사"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>역사</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-역사-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-어원" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#어원"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>어원</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-어원-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-개인" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#개인"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>개인</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-개인-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>개인 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-개인-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-개인주의와_사회" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#개인주의와_사회"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>개인주의와 사회</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-개인주의와_사회-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-개성화의_원칙" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#개성화의_원칙"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>개성화의 원칙</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-개성화의_원칙-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-방법론적_개인주의" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#방법론적_개인주의"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>방법론적 개인주의</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-방법론적_개인주의-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-정치적_개인주의" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#정치적_개인주의"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>정치적 개인주의</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-정치적_개인주의-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>정치적 개인주의 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-정치적_개인주의-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-자유주의" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#자유주의"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>자유주의</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-자유주의-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-아나키즘" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#아나키즘"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>아나키즘</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-아나키즘-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-개인주의적_아나키즘" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#개인주의적_아나키즘"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>개인주의적 아나키즘</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-개인주의적_아나키즘-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-철학적_개인주의" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#철학적_개인주의"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>철학적 개인주의</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-철학적_개인주의-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>철학적 개인주의 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-철학적_개인주의-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-윤리적_에고이즘" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#윤리적_에고이즘"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>윤리적 에고이즘</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-윤리적_에고이즘-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-에고이스트적_아나키즘" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#에고이스트적_아나키즘"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>에고이스트적 아나키즘</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-에고이스트적_아나키즘-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-실존주의" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#실존주의"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>실존주의</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-실존주의-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-자유사상" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#자유사상"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>자유사상</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-자유사상-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-인본주의" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#인본주의"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>인본주의</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-인본주의-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-쾌락주의" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#쾌락주의"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>쾌락주의</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-쾌락주의-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-자유분방주의(Libertinism)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#자유분방주의(Libertinism)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>자유분방주의(Libertinism)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-자유분방주의(Libertinism)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-객관주의" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#객관주의"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>객관주의</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-객관주의-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-철학적_아나키즘" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#철학적_아나키즘"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>철학적 아나키즘</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-철학적_아나키즘-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-주관주의" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#주관주의"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10</span> <span>주관주의</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-주관주의-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-유아론" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#유아론"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10.1</span> <span>유아론</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-유아론-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-경제적_개인주의" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#경제적_개인주의"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>경제적 개인주의</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-경제적_개인주의-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>경제적 개인주의 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-경제적_개인주의-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-자유주의_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#자유주의_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>자유주의</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-자유주의_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-개인주의적_아나키즘과_경제" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#개인주의적_아나키즘과_경제"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>개인주의적 아나키즘과 경제</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-개인주의적_아나키즘과_경제-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-상호주의" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#상호주의"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>상호주의</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-상호주의-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-자유지상주의적_사회주의" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#자유지상주의적_사회주의"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>자유지상주의적 사회주의</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-자유지상주의적_사회주의-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-좌파_자유지상주의" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#좌파_자유지상주의"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>좌파 자유지상주의</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-좌파_자유지상주의-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-우파_자유지상주의" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#우파_자유지상주의"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>우파 자유지상주의</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-우파_자유지상주의-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-한국에서의_개인주의" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#한국에서의_개인주의"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>한국에서의 개인주의</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-한국에서의_개인주의-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-참고_서적" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#참고_서적"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>참고 서적</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-참고_서적-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">개인주의</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 72개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">72개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="فردانية – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فردانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualismu" title="Individualismu – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Individualismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C9%99rdiyy%C9%99t%C3%A7ilik" title="Fərdiyyətçilik – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fərdiyyətçilik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Індывідуалізм – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Індывідуалізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Індывідуалізм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Індывідуалізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenapsi-napsian" title="Kenapsi-napsian – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kenapsi-napsian" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Индивидуализъм – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Индивидуализъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="ব্যক্তিস্বাতন্ত্র্যবাদ – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্যক্তিস্বাতন্ত্র্যবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualisme" title="Individualisme – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Individualisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B3%DB%8E%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تاکەکەسێتی – 소라니 쿠르드어" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تاکەکەسێتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="소라니 쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualismus" title="Individualismus – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Individualismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unigolyddiaeth" title="Unigolyddiaeth – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Unigolyddiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualisme" title="Individualisme – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Individualisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualismus" title="Individualismus – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Individualismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ατομοκρατία – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ατομοκρατία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Individualism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individuismo" title="Individuismo – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Individuismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualismo" title="Individualismo – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Individualismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Individualism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indibidualismo" title="Indibidualismo – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Indibidualismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="فردگرایی – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فردگرایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualismi" title="Individualismi – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Individualismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualisme" title="Individualisme – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Individualisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualismo" title="Individualismo – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Individualismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="אינדיבידואליזם – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אינדיבידואליזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="व्यक्तिवाद – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="व्यक्तिवाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualizam" title="Individualizam – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Individualizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualizmus" title="Individualizmus – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Individualizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Ինդիվիդուալիզմ – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ինդիվիդուալիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualisme" title="Individualisme – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Individualisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstaklingshyggja" title="Einstaklingshyggja – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Einstaklingshyggja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualismo" title="Individualismo – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Individualismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%8B%E4%BA%BA%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="個人主義 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="個人主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ინდივიდუალიზმი – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინდივიდუალიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Индивидуализм – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Индивидуализм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Индивидуализм – 키르기스어" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Индивидуализм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="키르기스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualismus" title="Individualismus – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Individualismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Individualism" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualizmas" title="Individualizmas – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Individualizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individu%C4%81lisms" title="Individuālisms – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Individuālisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiolonolonana" title="Fiolonolonana – 말라가시어" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiolonolonana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="말라가시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="व्‍यक्तिवाद – 마라티어" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्‍यक्तिवाद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="마라티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualisme" title="Individualisme – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Individualisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="व्यक्तिगत स्वतन्त्रता – 네팔어" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="व्यक्तिगत स्वतन्त्रता" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="네팔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualisme" title="Individualisme – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Individualisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualisme" title="Individualisme – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Individualisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indywidualizm" title="Indywidualizm – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Indywidualizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87" title="ځانگړواله – 파슈토어" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ځانگړواله" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="파슈토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualismo" title="Individualismo – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Individualismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Individualism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Индивидуализм – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Индивидуализм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualizam" title="Individualizam – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Individualizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Individualism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualizmus_(politika)" title="Individualizmus (politika) – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Individualizmus (politika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualizem" title="Individualizem – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Individualizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualizmi" title="Individualizmi – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Individualizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Индивидуализам – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Индивидуализам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Individualism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubinafsi" title="Ubinafsi – 스와힐리어" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ubinafsi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="스와힐리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தனிமனிதத்துவம் – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தனிமனிதத்துவம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%82" title="వ్యక్తివాదం – 텔루구어" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వ్యక్తివాదం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="텔루구어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ปัจเจกนิยม – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปัจเจกนิยม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiwidualizm" title="Indiwidualizm – 투르크멘어" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Indiwidualizm" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="투르크멘어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indibidwalismo" title="Indibidwalismo – 타갈로그어" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Indibidwalismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="타갈로그어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bireycilik" title="Bireycilik – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bireycilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Индивидуальлек – 타타르어" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Индивидуальлек" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="타타르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Індивідуалізм – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Індивідуалізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_c%C3%A1_nh%C3%A2n" title="Chủ nghĩa cá nhân – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa cá nhân" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="个人主义 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="个人主义" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="个人主义 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="个人主义" data-language-autonym="中文" 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0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:20.0em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size: 175%; font-weight: normal; background:#FFFF6C; color:#0080FF; padding-bottom:0.3em;"><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자유주의"><span style="color:#0080FF">자유주의</span></a></b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Yellow_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/100px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/150px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/200px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span><br /></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid #0080FF;background:#FFFF6C;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:left;color:#0080FF;">역사</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; text-align:left;"><div style="text-align:left;"> • <a href="/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EB%8D%9C%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C_%EB%8F%85%EB%A6%BD_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="네덜란드 독립 전쟁">네덜란드 독립 전쟁</a> <small>(1567년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%89%EA%B8%80%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C_%EB%82%B4%EC%A0%84" title="잉글랜드 내전">잉글랜드 내전</a> <small>(1642년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%ED%8C%94%EB%A0%8C_%EC%A1%B0%EC%95%BD" title="베스트팔렌 조약">베스트팔렌 조약</a> <small>(1648년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%85%EC%98%88_%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85" title="명예 혁명">명예 혁명</a> <small>(1688년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%97%85_%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85" title="산업 혁명">산업 혁명</a> <small>(18세기 중반)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EB%8F%85%EB%A6%BD_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="미국 독립 전쟁">미국 독립 전쟁</a> <small>(1775년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EB%8F%85%EB%A6%BD%EC%84%A0%EC%96%B8" title="미국 독립선언">미국 독립선언</a> <small>(1776년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%A6%AC_%EC%A1%B0%EC%95%BD_(1783%EB%85%84)" title="파리 조약 (1783년)">1783년 파리 조약</a> <small>(1783년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4_%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85" title="프랑스 혁명">프랑스 혁명</a> <small>(1789년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4_%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="프랑스 혁명 전쟁">프랑스 혁명 전쟁</a> <small>(1792년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%ED%85%8C%EB%A5%B4%EB%AF%B8%EB%8F%84%EB%A5%B4%EC%9D%98_%EB%B0%98%EB%8F%99" title="테르미도르의 반동">테르미도르의 반동</a> <small>(1794년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/7%EC%9B%94_%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85" title="7월 혁명">7월 혁명</a> <small>(1830년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/1848%EB%85%84_%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85" title="1848년 혁명">1848년 혁명</a> <small>(1848년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%ED%95%B4%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85" title="신해혁명">신해혁명</a> <small>(1911년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C1%EC%B0%A8_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%84" title="제1차 세계 대전">제1차 세계 대전</a> <small>(1914년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84_2%EC%9B%94_%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85" title="러시아 2월 혁명">러시아 2월 혁명</a> <small>(1917년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/14%EA%B0%9C%EC%A1%B0_%ED%8F%89%ED%99%94_%EC%9B%90%EC%B9%99" title="14개조 평화 원칙">14개조 평화 원칙</a> <small>(1918년 1월)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC_11%EC%9B%94_%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85" title="독일 11월 혁명">독일 11월 혁명</a> <small>(1918년 11월)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%EC%97%B0%EB%A7%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 연맹">국제 연맹 창설</a> <small>(1920년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8_%EB%82%B4%EC%A0%84" title="스페인 내전">스페인 내전</a> <small>(1936년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C2%EC%B0%A8_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%84" title="제2차 세계 대전">제2차 세계 대전</a> <small>(1939년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EB%83%89%EC%A0%84" title="냉전">냉전</a> <small>(1947년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/4.19_%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85" class="mw-redirect" title="4.19 혁명">4.19 혁명</a> <small>(1960년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%89%EA%B9%94_%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85" title="색깔 혁명">색깔 혁명</a> <small>(1974년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/5%C2%B718_%EA%B4%91%EC%A3%BC_%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%ED%99%94_%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99" title="5·18 광주 민주화 운동">5·18 광주 민주화 운동</a> <small>(1980년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%BC%ED%94%8C_%ED%8C%8C%EC%9B%8C_%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85" title="피플 파워 혁명">피플 파워 혁명</a> <small>(1986년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/1989%EB%85%84_%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85" title="1989년 혁명">동유럽 혁명</a> <small>(1989년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020%EB%85%84_%ED%99%8D%EC%BD%A9_%EC%8B%9C%EC%9C%84" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–2020년 홍콩 시위">2019–2020년 홍콩 시위</a> <small>(2019년)</small></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid #0080FF;background:#FFFF6C;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:left;color:#0080FF;">상징 및 표어</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertas" class="extiw" title="en:Libertas">리베르타스</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%88" title="마리안">마리안</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%A5%B3%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="zh:民主女神">민주여신상</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A4%91%EC%9D%84_%EC%9D%B4%EB%81%84%EB%8A%94_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AC%EC%8B%A0" title="민중을 이끄는 자유의 여신">민중을 이끄는 자유의 여신</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%95_%EC%95%9E%EC%9D%98_%ED%8F%89%EB%93%B1" title="법 앞의 평등">법 앞의 평등</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%88%98%EB%A6%AC" title="독수리">독수리</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%ED%8E%A0%ED%83%91" title="에펠탑">에펠탑</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EB%83%90_%EC%A3%BD%EC%9D%8C%EC%9D%B4%EB%83%90" title="자유냐 죽음이냐">자유냐 죽음이냐</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AC%EC%8B%A0%EC%83%81" title="자유의 여신상">자유의 여신상</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%9D%98_%EC%A2%85" title="자유의 종">자유의 종</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0,_%ED%8F%89%EB%93%B1,_%EC%9A%B0%EC%95%A0" title="자유, 평등, 우애">자유, 평등, 우애</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid #0080FF;background:#FFFF6C;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:left;color:#0080FF;">핵심 요소<sup>[전근대]</sup></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">개인주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%80%EC%9A%A9" title="관용">관용</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%98%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="법치주의">법치주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%83%81%EC%9D%98_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0" title="사상의 자유">사상의 자유</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EC%9C%A0%EA%B6%8C" title="소유권">사유 재산</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C_%EA%B3%84%EC%95%BD" title="사회 계약">사회 계약</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EC%86%8D%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="세속주의">세속주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%AF%BC_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0" title="시민 자유">시민 자유</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EC%9E%A5_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C" title="시장 경제">시장 경제</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%8B%AC%EC%9D%98_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0" title="양심의 자유">양심의 자유</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%95%B4%EC%9B%90%EC%B9%99" title="위해원칙">위해원칙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4%EC%97%84%EC%84%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="존엄성">인간의 존엄성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B6%8C" title="인권">인권</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EA%B6%8C" title="국민주권">인민 주권</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0_%EB%AC%B4%EC%97%AD" title="자유 무역">자유 무역</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EB%B0%A9%EC%9E%84%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자유방임주의">자유방임주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%9D%98%EC%A7%80" title="자유의지">자유의지</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%97%B0%EA%B6%8C" title="자연권">자연권</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98%EC%A0%81_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0" title="정치적 자유">정치적 자유</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90%EC%9D%98_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0" title="종교의 자유">종교의 자유</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%89%EB%93%B1%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="평등주의">평등주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%91%9C%ED%98%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0" title="표현의 자유">표현의 자유</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid #0080FF;background:#FFFF6C;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:left;color:#0080FF;">핵심 요소<sup>[근대 이후]</sup></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permissive_society" class="extiw" title="en:Permissive society">관대한 사회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B6%8C%EB%A0%A5_%EB%B6%84%EB%A6%BD" title="권력 분립">권력 분립</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC_%EA%B5%90%EC%9C%A1" title="민주 교육">민주 교육</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="민주자본주의">민주자본주의</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-aggression_principle" class="extiw" title="en:Non-aggression principle">비침해의 원칙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%ED%8F%89%EB%93%B1" title="성평등">성평등</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_liberty" class="extiw" title="en:Negative liberty">소극적 자유</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deliberation" class="extiw" title="en:Deliberation">숙의</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_engagement" class="extiw" title="en:Civic engagement">시민 참여</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EB%A6%B0_%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C" title="열린 사회">열린 사회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자유민주주의">자유민주주의</a></li> <li>자유적 중립성</li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_liberty" class="extiw" title="en:Positive liberty">적극적 자유</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedural_justice" class="extiw" title="en:Procedural justice">절차적 공정성</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid #0080FF;background:#FFFF6C;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:left;color:#0080FF;">관련 문헌</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; text-align:left;"><div style="text-align:left;"> • <a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A4_%ED%99%89%EC%8A%A4" title="토머스 홉스">홉스</a>, <i>《리바이어던》</i> <small>(1651년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EB%A1%9C%ED%81%AC" title="존 로크">로크</a>, <i>《통치론》</i> <small>(1689년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EB%A1%9C%ED%81%AC" title="존 로크">로크</a>, <i>《관용에 대한 편지》</i> <small>(1692년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EB%A1%9C%ED%81%AC" title="존 로크">로크</a>, <i>《교육에 관한 성찰》</i> <small>(1692년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EB%A1%9C%ED%81%AC" title="존 로크">로크</a>, <i>《인간 이해력에 관하여》</i> <small>(1706년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%ED%85%8C%EB%A5%B4" title="볼테르">볼테르</a>, <i>《철학서간》</i> <small>(1733년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%ED%85%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%A4%EC%99%B8" title="몽테스키외">몽테스키외</a>, <i>《법의 정신》</i> <small>(1748년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%ED%85%8C%EB%A5%B4" title="볼테르">볼테르</a>, <i>《미크로메가스》</i> <small>(1751년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A0%EB%8D%A4_%EC%8A%A4%EB%AF%B8%EC%8A%A4" title="애덤 스미스">스미스</a>, <i>《도덕 감정론》</i> <small>(1759년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%ED%85%8C%EB%A5%B4" title="볼테르">볼테르</a>, <i>《랭제뉘》</i> <small>(1760년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%ED%85%8C%EB%A5%B4" title="볼테르">볼테르</a>, <i>《철학 사전》</i> <small>(1764년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EB%A0%88%EB%AF%B8_%EB%B2%A4%EB%8B%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="제레미 벤담">벤담</a>, <i>《정치론》</i> <small>(1766년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%A7%88%EB%88%84%EC%97%98_%EC%B9%B8%ED%8A%B8" title="이마누엘 칸트">칸트</a>, <i>《세계시민적 견지에서 본 보편사의 이념》</i> <small>(1784년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EB%A0%88%EB%AF%B8_%EB%B2%A4%EB%8B%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="제레미 벤담">벤담</a>, <i>《도덕 및 입법의 원리 서설》</i> <small>(1789년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC_%EC%9A%B8%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%9E%98%ED%94%84%ED%8A%B8" title="메리 울스턴크래프트">울스턴크래프트</a>, <i>《인간 권리의 옹호》</i> <small>(1790년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%8C%ED%97%AC%EB%A6%84_%ED%8F%B0_%ED%9B%94%EB%B3%BC%ED%8A%B8" title="빌헬름 폰 훔볼트">훔볼트</a>, <i>《국가 활동의 한계 규정 시도를 위한 생각들》</i> <small>(1790년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC_%EC%9A%B8%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%9E%98%ED%94%84%ED%8A%B8" title="메리 울스턴크래프트">울스턴크래프트</a>, <i>《프랑스 혁명의 역사적 도덕적 관점》</i> <small>(1794년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%8C%ED%97%AC%EB%A6%84_%ED%8F%B0_%ED%9B%94%EB%B3%BC%ED%8A%B8" title="빌헬름 폰 훔볼트">훔볼트</a>, <i>《그리스 자유국가의 쇠퇴와 타락의 역사》</i> <small>(1808년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%8C%ED%97%AC%EB%A6%84_%ED%8F%B0_%ED%9B%94%EB%B3%BC%ED%8A%B8" title="빌헬름 폰 훔볼트">훔볼트</a>, <i>《독일의 미래 상태에 대해》</i> <small>(1813년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%8B%9C_%EB%93%9C_%ED%86%A0%ED%81%AC%EB%B9%8C" title="알렉시 드 토크빌">토크빌</a>, <i>《미국의 민주주의》</i> <small>(1840년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%9C%EC%96%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B0%80" title="존 스튜어트 밀">J. S. 밀</a>, <i>《정치경제학 원리》</i> <small>(1848년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%8B%9C_%EB%93%9C_%ED%86%A0%ED%81%AC%EB%B9%8C" title="알렉시 드 토크빌">토크빌</a>, <i>《앙시엥 레짐과 프랑스 혁명》</i> <small>(1859년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%9C%EC%96%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B0%80" title="존 스튜어트 밀">J. S. 밀</a>, <i>《자유론》</i> <small>(1859년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%9C%EC%96%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B0%80" title="존 스튜어트 밀">J. S. 밀</a>, <i>《공리주의》</i> <small>(1860년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%9C%EC%96%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B0%80" title="존 스튜어트 밀">J. S. 밀</a>, <i>《대의정부론》</i> <small>(1860년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EC%BF%A0%EC%9E%90%EC%99%80_%EC%9C%A0%ED%82%A4%EC%B9%98" title="후쿠자와 유키치">후쿠자와</a>, <i>《문명론의 개략》</i> <small>(1875년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%BC_%ED%8F%AC%ED%8D%BC" title="칼 포퍼">포퍼</a>, <i>《열린 사회와 그 적들》</i> <small>(1945년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%BC_%ED%8F%AC%ED%8D%BC" title="칼 포퍼">포퍼</a>, <i>《역사주의의 빈곤》</i> <small>(1957년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EB%A1%A4%EC%8A%A4" title="존 롤스">롤스</a>, <i>《정의론》</i> <small>(1971년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EB%85%B8%EC%A7%81" title="로버트 노직">노직</a>, <i>《무정부, 국가, 유토피아》</i> <small>(1974년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%9C%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4_%ED%9B%84%EC%BF%A0%EC%95%BC%EB%A7%88" title="프랜시스 후쿠야마">후쿠야마</a>, <i>《역사의 종언》</i> <small>(1992년)</small><br /> • <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EB%A1%A4%EC%8A%A4" title="존 롤스">롤스</a>, <i>《공정으로서 정의》</i> <small>(2001년)</small></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid #0080FF;background:#FFFF6C;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:left;color:#0080FF;">영향</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%90%EB%A6%AC%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" title="감리교회">감리교회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%84%EB%AA%BD%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="계몽주의">계몽주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%ED%97%98%EB%A1%A0" title="경험론">경험론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EB%A6%AC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="공리주의">공리주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%B4%EC%85%94%EB%84%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%A6%98" title="내셔널리즘">내셔널리즘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%9B%90%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="다원주의">다원주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="민주주의">민주주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%A0%95%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="수정자본주의">수정자본주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%BC%EA%B2%BD%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80" title="야경국가">야경국가</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B4%80%EB%85%90%EB%A1%A0" title="영국 관념론">영국 관념론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자본주의">자본주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B0%B8%EC%97%AC_%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="참여 민주주의">참여 민주주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BC%80%EC%9E%84%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%A7%80_%ED%94%8C%EB%9D%BC%ED%86%A4_%ED%95%99%ED%8C%8C" title="케임브리지 플라톤 학파">케임브리지 플라톤 학파</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BE%8C%EB%9D%BD%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="쾌락주의">쾌락주의</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid #0080FF;background:#FFFF6C;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:left;color:#0080FF;">관련 조직</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%89%EC%A7%84%EB%8B%B9" class="mw-disambig" title="급진당">급진당<sup>[목록]</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EB%8B%B9" class="mw-disambig" title="민주당">민주당<sup>[목록]</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EB%8B%B9" class="mw-disambig" title="자유당">자유당<sup>[목록]</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EB%8B%B9" class="mw-disambig" title="자유민주당">자유민주당<sup>[목록]</sup></a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Federation_of_Liberal_Youth" class="extiw" title="en:International Federation of Liberal Youth">국제자유청년연맹</a> <small>(<b>IFLRY</b>, 1947 - )</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%B8%ED%84%B0%EB%82%B4%EC%85%94%EB%84%90" title="자유주의 인터내셔널">자유주의 인터내셔널</a> <small>(<b>LI</b>, 1947 - )</small></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Liberal_Youth" class="extiw" title="en:European Liberal Youth">유럽 자유청년동맹</a> <small>(<b>LYMEC</b>, 1976 - )</small></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa_Liberal_Network" class="extiw" title="en:Africa Liberal Network">아프리카 자유망</a> <small>(<b>ALN</b>, 2003 - )</small></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Democratic_Party" class="extiw" title="en:European Democratic Party">유럽 민주당</a> <small>(<b>EDP</b>, 2004 - )</small></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe">유럽 자유민주동맹</a> <small>(<b>ALDE</b>, 2004 - )</small></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Liberal_Federation" class="extiw" title="en:Arab Liberal Federation">아랍 자유망</a> <small>(<b>ALF</b>, 2008 - )</small></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Libertarian_Parties" class="extiw" title="en:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties">국제자유주의정당연맹</a> <small>(<b>IALP</b>, 2015 - )</small></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid #0080FF;background:#FFFF6C;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:left;color:#0080FF;">분파</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%EC%A0%81_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="경제적 자유주의">경제적 자유주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="고자유주의">고자유주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%A0%81_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="고전적 자유주의">고전적 자유주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B9%EC%83%89%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="녹색자유주의">녹색자유주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EC%A0%81_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="문화적 자유주의">문화적 자유주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EB%AF%BC%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="국민자유주의">국민자유주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%88%98%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="보수자유주의">보수자유주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="사회자유주의">사회자유주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="신자유주의">신자유주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="자유민족주의">자유민족주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%8B%A0%ED%95%99" title="자유주의 신학">자유주의 신학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A7%80%EC%83%81%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자유지상주의">자유지상주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%88%EC%84%9C%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="질서자유주의">질서자유주의</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid #0080FF;background:#FFFF6C;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:left;color:#0080FF;">주요 운동가</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; text-align:left;"><div style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Mary_Wollstonecraft_by_John_Opie_(c._1797).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Mary_Wollstonecraft_by_John_Opie_%28c._1797%29.jpg/30px-Mary_Wollstonecraft_by_John_Opie_%28c._1797%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Mary_Wollstonecraft_by_John_Opie_%28c._1797%29.jpg/45px-Mary_Wollstonecraft_by_John_Opie_%28c._1797%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Mary_Wollstonecraft_by_John_Opie_%28c._1797%29.jpg/60px-Mary_Wollstonecraft_by_John_Opie_%28c._1797%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="1244" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC_%EC%9A%B8%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%9E%98%ED%94%84%ED%8A%B8" title="메리 울스턴크래프트">울스턴크래프트</a> <small>(1759년 ~ 1797년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Portrait_of_Raja_Ram_Mohun_Roy,_1833.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Portrait_of_Raja_Ram_Mohun_Roy%2C_1833.jpg/30px-Portrait_of_Raja_Ram_Mohun_Roy%2C_1833.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Portrait_of_Raja_Ram_Mohun_Roy%2C_1833.jpg/45px-Portrait_of_Raja_Ram_Mohun_Roy%2C_1833.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Portrait_of_Raja_Ram_Mohun_Roy%2C_1833.jpg/60px-Portrait_of_Raja_Ram_Mohun_Roy%2C_1833.jpg 2x" data-file-width="987" data-file-height="1201" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EB%9E%8C_%EB%AA%A8%ED%95%9C_%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%B4" title="람 모한 로이">R. M. 로이</a> <small>(1772년 ~ 1833년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Ramirez_nigromante.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Ramirez_nigromante.jpg/30px-Ramirez_nigromante.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Ramirez_nigromante.jpg/45px-Ramirez_nigromante.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Ramirez_nigromante.jpg/60px-Ramirez_nigromante.jpg 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="189" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EA%B7%B8%EB%82%98%EC%8B%9C%EC%98%A4_%EB%9D%BC%EB%AF%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4" title="이그나시오 라미레스">라미레스</a> <small>(1818년 ~ 1879년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Namik_kemal2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Namik_kemal2.jpg/30px-Namik_kemal2.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Namik_kemal2.jpg/45px-Namik_kemal2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Namik_kemal2.jpg/60px-Namik_kemal2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="529" data-file-height="650" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam%C4%B1k_Kemal" class="extiw" title="tr:Namık Kemal">케말</a> <small>(1840년 ~ 1888년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:GKGokhale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/GKGokhale.jpg/30px-GKGokhale.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/GKGokhale.jpg/45px-GKGokhale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/GKGokhale.jpg/60px-GKGokhale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="441" data-file-height="644" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale" class="extiw" title="en:Gopal Krishna Gokhale">고칼레</a> <small>(1866년 ~ 1915년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Chakravarthi_Rajagopalachari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Chakravarthi_Rajagopalachari.jpg/30px-Chakravarthi_Rajagopalachari.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Chakravarthi_Rajagopalachari.jpg/45px-Chakravarthi_Rajagopalachari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Chakravarthi_Rajagopalachari.jpg/60px-Chakravarthi_Rajagopalachari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="296" data-file-height="392" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" class="extiw" title="en:C. Rajagopalachari">라자고파라차리</a> <small>(1878년 ~ 1972년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Dosan_Ahn_Changho.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Dosan_Ahn_Changho.jpg/30px-Dosan_Ahn_Changho.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Dosan_Ahn_Changho.jpg/45px-Dosan_Ahn_Changho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Dosan_Ahn_Changho.jpg/60px-Dosan_Ahn_Changho.jpg 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="156" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%88%EC%B0%BD%ED%98%B8" title="안창호">안창호</a> <small>(1878년 ~ 1938년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:George_Soros_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/George_Soros_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2010.jpg/30px-George_Soros_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/George_Soros_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2010.jpg/45px-George_Soros_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/George_Soros_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2010.jpg/60px-George_Soros_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2104" data-file-height="2691" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80_%EC%86%8C%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4" title="조지 소로스">G. 소로스</a> <small>(1930년 ~ )</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Raif_Badawi_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Raif_Badawi_cropped.jpg/30px-Raif_Badawi_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Raif_Badawi_cropped.jpg/45px-Raif_Badawi_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Raif_Badawi_cropped.jpg/60px-Raif_Badawi_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1506" data-file-height="1614" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:رائف بدوي">바다위</a> <small>(1984년 ~ )</small></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid #0080FF;background:#FFFF6C;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:left;color:#0080FF;">주요 이론가</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; text-align:left;"><div style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Thomas_Hobbes_(portrait).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Thomas_Hobbes_%28portrait%29.jpg/30px-Thomas_Hobbes_%28portrait%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Thomas_Hobbes_%28portrait%29.jpg/45px-Thomas_Hobbes_%28portrait%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Thomas_Hobbes_%28portrait%29.jpg/60px-Thomas_Hobbes_%28portrait%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1109" data-file-height="1169" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A4_%ED%99%89%EC%8A%A4" title="토머스 홉스">홉스</a> <small>(1588년 ~ 1676년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:John_Locke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/John_Locke.jpg/30px-John_Locke.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/John_Locke.jpg/45px-John_Locke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/John_Locke.jpg/60px-John_Locke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="1020" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EB%A1%9C%ED%81%AC" title="존 로크">로크</a> <small>(1632년 ~ 1704년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Charles_Montesquieu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Charles_Montesquieu.jpg/30px-Charles_Montesquieu.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Charles_Montesquieu.jpg/45px-Charles_Montesquieu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Charles_Montesquieu.jpg/60px-Charles_Montesquieu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="909" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%ED%85%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%A4%EC%99%B8" title="몽테스키외">몽테스키외</a> <small>(1689년 ~ 1755년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Atelier_de_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re,_portrait_de_Voltaire,_d%C3%A9tail_(mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet)_-002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Atelier_de_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_portrait_de_Voltaire%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet%29_-002.jpg/30px-Atelier_de_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_portrait_de_Voltaire%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet%29_-002.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Atelier_de_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_portrait_de_Voltaire%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet%29_-002.jpg/45px-Atelier_de_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_portrait_de_Voltaire%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet%29_-002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Atelier_de_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_portrait_de_Voltaire%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet%29_-002.jpg/60px-Atelier_de_Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re%2C_portrait_de_Voltaire%2C_d%C3%A9tail_%28mus%C3%A9e_Carnavalet%29_-002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="5000" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%ED%85%8C%EB%A5%B4" title="볼테르">볼테르</a> <small>(1694년 ~ 1778년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Denis_Diderot_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Denis_Diderot_portrait.jpg/30px-Denis_Diderot_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Denis_Diderot_portrait.jpg/45px-Denis_Diderot_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Denis_Diderot_portrait.jpg/60px-Denis_Diderot_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="590" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EB%93%9C%EB%8B%88_%EB%94%94%EB%93%9C%EB%A1%9C" title="드니 디드로">디드로</a> <small>(1713년 ~ 1784년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:AdamSmith.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/AdamSmith.jpg/30px-AdamSmith.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/AdamSmith.jpg/45px-AdamSmith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/AdamSmith.jpg/60px-AdamSmith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1456" data-file-height="2173" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A0%EB%8D%A4_%EC%8A%A4%EB%AF%B8%EC%8A%A4" title="애덤 스미스">A. 스미스</a> <small>(1723년 ~ 1790년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790.jpg/30px-Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790.jpg/45px-Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790.jpg/60px-Immanuel_Kant_portrait_c1790.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1617" data-file-height="1802" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%A7%88%EB%88%84%EC%97%98_%EC%B9%B8%ED%8A%B8" title="이마누엘 칸트">칸트</a> <small>(1724년 ~ 1804년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Anders_Chydenius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Anders_Chydenius.jpg/30px-Anders_Chydenius.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Anders_Chydenius.jpg/45px-Anders_Chydenius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Anders_Chydenius.jpg/60px-Anders_Chydenius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="351" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%88%EB%8D%B0%EB%A5%B4%EC%8A%A4_%EC%89%AC%EB%8D%B0%EB%8B%88%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="안데르스 쉬데니우스">쉬데니우스</a> <small>(1729년 ~ 1808년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Thomas_Paine_rev1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Thomas_Paine_rev1.jpg/30px-Thomas_Paine_rev1.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Thomas_Paine_rev1.jpg/45px-Thomas_Paine_rev1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Thomas_Paine_rev1.jpg/60px-Thomas_Paine_rev1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2562" data-file-height="3451" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A4_%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8" title="토머스 페인">페인</a> <small>(1737년 ~ 1809년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Jeremy_Bentham_by_Henry_William_Pickersgill_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Jeremy_Bentham_by_Henry_William_Pickersgill_detail.jpg/30px-Jeremy_Bentham_by_Henry_William_Pickersgill_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Jeremy_Bentham_by_Henry_William_Pickersgill_detail.jpg/45px-Jeremy_Bentham_by_Henry_William_Pickersgill_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Jeremy_Bentham_by_Henry_William_Pickersgill_detail.jpg/60px-Jeremy_Bentham_by_Henry_William_Pickersgill_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="536" data-file-height="728" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EB%9F%AC%EB%AF%B8_%EB%B2%A4%EB%8B%B4" title="제러미 벤담">벤담</a> <small>(1748년 ~ 1832년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Thomas_Malthus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Thomas_Malthus.jpg/30px-Thomas_Malthus.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Thomas_Malthus.jpg/45px-Thomas_Malthus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Thomas_Malthus.jpg/60px-Thomas_Malthus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1641" data-file-height="2152" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A7%AC%EC%84%9C%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="토머스 맬서스">맬서스</a> <small>(1766년 ~ 1834년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Jean-baptiste_Say.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Jean-baptiste_Say.jpg/30px-Jean-baptiste_Say.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Jean-baptiste_Say.jpg/45px-Jean-baptiste_Say.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Jean-baptiste_Say.jpg/60px-Jean-baptiste_Say.jpg 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="247" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EB%B0%94%ED%8B%B0%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%84%B8" title="장바티스트 세">J. B. 세</a> <small>(1767년 ~ 1832년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:WilhelmvonHumboldt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/WilhelmvonHumboldt.jpg/30px-WilhelmvonHumboldt.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/WilhelmvonHumboldt.jpg/45px-WilhelmvonHumboldt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/WilhelmvonHumboldt.jpg/60px-WilhelmvonHumboldt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%8C%ED%97%AC%EB%A6%84_%ED%8F%B0_%ED%9B%94%EB%B3%BC%ED%8A%B8" title="빌헬름 폰 훔볼트">훔볼트</a> <small>(1767년 ~ 1835년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:David_ricardo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/David_ricardo.jpg/30px-David_ricardo.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/David_ricardo.jpg/45px-David_ricardo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/David_ricardo.jpg/60px-David_ricardo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="405" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%EB%93%9C_%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EB%8F%84" title="데이비드 리카도">리카도</a> <small>(1772년 ~ 1823년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:John_Austin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/John_Austin.jpg/30px-John_Austin.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/John_Austin.jpg/45px-John_Austin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/John_Austin.jpg/60px-John_Austin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="495" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B4" title="존 오스틴">오스틴</a> <small>(1790년 ~ 1859년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Alexis_de_tocqueville_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Alexis_de_tocqueville_cropped.jpg/30px-Alexis_de_tocqueville_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Alexis_de_tocqueville_cropped.jpg/45px-Alexis_de_tocqueville_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Alexis_de_tocqueville_cropped.jpg/60px-Alexis_de_tocqueville_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%8B%9C_%EB%93%9C_%ED%86%A0%ED%81%AC%EB%B9%8C" title="알렉시 드 토크빌">토크빌</a> <small>(1805년 ~ 1859년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:John_Stuart_Mill_by_London_Stereoscopic_Company,_c1870.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/John_Stuart_Mill_by_London_Stereoscopic_Company%2C_c1870.jpg/30px-John_Stuart_Mill_by_London_Stereoscopic_Company%2C_c1870.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/John_Stuart_Mill_by_London_Stereoscopic_Company%2C_c1870.jpg/45px-John_Stuart_Mill_by_London_Stereoscopic_Company%2C_c1870.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/John_Stuart_Mill_by_London_Stereoscopic_Company%2C_c1870.jpg/60px-John_Stuart_Mill_by_London_Stereoscopic_Company%2C_c1870.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1274" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%9C%EC%96%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B0%80" title="존 스튜어트 밀">J. S. 밀</a> <small>(1806년 ~ 1873년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Spencer1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Spencer1.jpg/30px-Spencer1.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Spencer1.jpg/45px-Spencer1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Spencer1.jpg/60px-Spencer1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="408" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%9C%EC%84%9C" title="허버트 스펜서">스펜서</a> <small>(1820년 ~ 1903년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Fukuzawa_Yukichi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Fukuzawa_Yukichi.jpg/30px-Fukuzawa_Yukichi.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Fukuzawa_Yukichi.jpg/45px-Fukuzawa_Yukichi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Fukuzawa_Yukichi.jpg/60px-Fukuzawa_Yukichi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1345" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EC%BF%A0%EC%9E%90%EC%99%80_%EC%9C%A0%ED%82%A4%EC%B9%98" title="후쿠자와 유키치">후쿠자와</a> <small>(1835년 ~ 1901년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Thomashillgreen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Thomashillgreen.jpg/30px-Thomashillgreen.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Thomashillgreen.jpg/45px-Thomashillgreen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Thomashillgreen.jpg/60px-Thomashillgreen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A4_%ED%9E%90_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%B0" title="토머스 힐 그린">그린</a> <small>(1836년 ~ 1882년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:John_Dewey_cph.3a51565.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/John_Dewey_cph.3a51565.jpg/30px-John_Dewey_cph.3a51565.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/John_Dewey_cph.3a51565.jpg/45px-John_Dewey_cph.3a51565.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/John_Dewey_cph.3a51565.jpg/60px-John_Dewey_cph.3a51565.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1081" data-file-height="1476" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EB%93%80%EC%9D%B4" title="존 듀이">듀이</a> <small>(1859년 ~ 1952년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Max_Weber_1894.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Max_Weber_1894.jpg/30px-Max_Weber_1894.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Max_Weber_1894.jpg/45px-Max_Weber_1894.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Max_Weber_1894.jpg/60px-Max_Weber_1894.jpg 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="542" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%89%EC%8A%A4_%EB%B2%A0%EB%B2%84" title="막스 베버">베버</a> <small>(1864년 ~ 1920년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Leonard_Trelawny_Hobhouse,_c1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Leonard_Trelawny_Hobhouse%2C_c1910.jpg/30px-Leonard_Trelawny_Hobhouse%2C_c1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Leonard_Trelawny_Hobhouse%2C_c1910.jpg/45px-Leonard_Trelawny_Hobhouse%2C_c1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Leonard_Trelawny_Hobhouse%2C_c1910.jpg/60px-Leonard_Trelawny_Hobhouse%2C_c1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="818" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EB%84%88%EB%93%9C_%ED%99%89%ED%95%98%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="레너드 홉하우스">홉하우스</a> <small>(1864년 ~ 1929년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Question_mark3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Question_mark3.svg/30px-Question_mark3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Question_mark3.svg/45px-Question_mark3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Question_mark3.svg/60px-Question_mark3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="348" data-file-height="348" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%8A%A4_%EC%BC%88%EC%A0%A0" title="한스 켈젠">켈젠</a> <small>(1881년 ~ 1973년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:John_Maynard_Keynes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/John_Maynard_Keynes.jpg/30px-John_Maynard_Keynes.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/John_Maynard_Keynes.jpg/45px-John_Maynard_Keynes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/John_Maynard_Keynes.jpg/60px-John_Maynard_Keynes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B4%EB%84%88%EB%93%9C_%EC%BC%80%EC%9D%B8%EC%8A%A4" title="존 메이너드 케인스">케인스</a> <small>(1883년 ~ 1946년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Hu_Shih_1960_color.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Hu_Shih_1960_color.jpg/30px-Hu_Shih_1960_color.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Hu_Shih_1960_color.jpg/45px-Hu_Shih_1960_color.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Hu_Shih_1960_color.jpg/60px-Hu_Shih_1960_color.jpg 2x" data-file-width="457" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EC%8A%A4" title="후스">후스</a> <small>(1891년 ~ 1962년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Friedrich_Hayek_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Friedrich_Hayek_portrait.jpg/30px-Friedrich_Hayek_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Friedrich_Hayek_portrait.jpg/45px-Friedrich_Hayek_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Friedrich_Hayek_portrait.jpg/60px-Friedrich_Hayek_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%ED%9E%88_%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%97%90%ED%81%AC" title="프리드리히 하이에크">하이에크</a> <small>(1899년 ~ 1992년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Karl_Popper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Karl_Popper.jpg/30px-Karl_Popper.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Karl_Popper.jpg/45px-Karl_Popper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Karl_Popper.jpg/60px-Karl_Popper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="769" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%BC_%ED%8F%AC%ED%8D%BC" title="칼 포퍼">포퍼</a> <small>(1902년 ~ 1994년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:IsaiahBerlin1983.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/IsaiahBerlin1983.jpg/30px-IsaiahBerlin1983.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/IsaiahBerlin1983.jpg/45px-IsaiahBerlin1983.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/IsaiahBerlin1983.jpg/60px-IsaiahBerlin1983.jpg 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="968" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%A0%9C%EC%9D%B4%EC%95%84_%EB%B2%8C%EB%A6%B0" title="아이제이아 벌린">벌린</a> <small>(1909년 ~ 1997년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:John_Rawls_(1971_photo_portrait).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/John_Rawls_%281971_photo_portrait%29.jpg/30px-John_Rawls_%281971_photo_portrait%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/John_Rawls_%281971_photo_portrait%29.jpg/45px-John_Rawls_%281971_photo_portrait%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/John_Rawls_%281971_photo_portrait%29.jpg/60px-John_Rawls_%281971_photo_portrait%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1092" data-file-height="1529" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EB%A1%A4%EC%8A%A4" title="존 롤스">롤스</a> <small>(1921년 ~ 2002년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Habermas10_(14298469242).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Habermas10_%2814298469242%29.jpg/30px-Habermas10_%2814298469242%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Habermas10_%2814298469242%29.jpg/45px-Habermas10_%2814298469242%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Habermas10_%2814298469242%29.jpg/60px-Habermas10_%2814298469242%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2352" data-file-height="3216" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EB%A5%B4%EA%B2%90_%ED%95%98%EB%B2%84%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%A4" title="위르겐 하버마스">하버마스</a> <small>(1929년 ~ )</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Amartya_Sen_20071128_cologne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Amartya_Sen_20071128_cologne.jpg/30px-Amartya_Sen_20071128_cologne.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Amartya_Sen_20071128_cologne.jpg/45px-Amartya_Sen_20071128_cologne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Amartya_Sen_20071128_cologne.jpg/60px-Amartya_Sen_20071128_cologne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="833" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%8B%B0%EC%95%84_%EC%84%BC" title="아마르티아 센">A. K. 센</a> <small>(1933년 ~ )</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Question_mark3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Question_mark3.svg/30px-Question_mark3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Question_mark3.svg/45px-Question_mark3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Question_mark3.svg/60px-Question_mark3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="348" data-file-height="348" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EB%85%B8%EC%A7%81" title="로버트 노직">노직</a> <small>(1938년 ~ 2002년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Francis_Fukuyama_2015_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Francis_Fukuyama_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/30px-Francis_Fukuyama_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Francis_Fukuyama_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/45px-Francis_Fukuyama_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Francis_Fukuyama_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Francis_Fukuyama_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="695" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%9C%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4_%ED%9B%84%EC%BF%A0%EC%95%BC%EB%A7%88" title="프랜시스 후쿠야마">후쿠야마</a> <small>(1952년 ~ )</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Paul_Krugman-press_conference_Dec_07th,_2008-8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Paul_Krugman-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-8.jpg/30px-Paul_Krugman-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-8.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Paul_Krugman-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-8.jpg/45px-Paul_Krugman-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Paul_Krugman-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-8.jpg/60px-Paul_Krugman-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3194" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%B4_%ED%81%AC%EB%A3%A8%EA%B7%B8%EB%A8%BC" title="폴 크루그먼">크루그먼</a> <small>(1953년 ~ )</small></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid #0080FF;background:#FFFF6C;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:left;color:#0080FF;">주요 정치인</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; text-align:left;"><div style="text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:BenFranklinDuplessis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/BenFranklinDuplessis.jpg/30px-BenFranklinDuplessis.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/BenFranklinDuplessis.jpg/45px-BenFranklinDuplessis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/BenFranklinDuplessis.jpg/60px-BenFranklinDuplessis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2403" data-file-height="2971" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%A4%EC%A0%80%EB%AF%BC_%ED%94%84%EB%9E%AD%ED%81%B4%EB%A6%B0" title="벤저민 프랭클린">프랭클린</a> <small>(1706년 ~ 1790년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:ProfAdamFerguson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/ProfAdamFerguson.jpg/30px-ProfAdamFerguson.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/ProfAdamFerguson.jpg/45px-ProfAdamFerguson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/ProfAdamFerguson.jpg/60px-ProfAdamFerguson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="646" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A0%EB%8D%A4_%ED%8D%BC%EA%B1%B0%EC%8A%A8" title="애덤 퍼거슨">퍼거슨</a> <small>(1723년 ~ 1816년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Thomas_Jefferson_by_Rembrandt_Peale,_1800.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Thomas_Jefferson_by_Rembrandt_Peale%2C_1800.jpg/30px-Thomas_Jefferson_by_Rembrandt_Peale%2C_1800.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Thomas_Jefferson_by_Rembrandt_Peale%2C_1800.jpg/45px-Thomas_Jefferson_by_Rembrandt_Peale%2C_1800.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Thomas_Jefferson_by_Rembrandt_Peale%2C_1800.jpg/60px-Thomas_Jefferson_by_Rembrandt_Peale%2C_1800.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2512" data-file-height="2996" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A4_%EC%A0%9C%ED%8D%BC%EC%8A%A8" title="토머스 제퍼슨">제퍼슨</a> <small>(1743년 ~ 1826년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Guizot3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Guizot3.jpg/30px-Guizot3.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Guizot3.jpg/45px-Guizot3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Guizot3.jpg/60px-Guizot3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="926" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%88%98%EC%95%84_%EA%B8%B0%EC%A1%B0" title="프랑수아 기조">기조</a> <small>(1787년 ~ 1874년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Giuseppe_Mazzini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Giuseppe_Mazzini.jpg/30px-Giuseppe_Mazzini.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Giuseppe_Mazzini.jpg/45px-Giuseppe_Mazzini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Giuseppe_Mazzini.jpg/60px-Giuseppe_Mazzini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%84%B8%ED%8E%98_%EB%A7%88%EC%B9%98%EB%8B%88" title="주세페 마치니">마치니</a> <small>(1805년 ~ 1872년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Abraham_Lincoln_O-77_matte_collodion_print.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Abraham_Lincoln_O-77_matte_collodion_print.jpg/30px-Abraham_Lincoln_O-77_matte_collodion_print.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Abraham_Lincoln_O-77_matte_collodion_print.jpg/45px-Abraham_Lincoln_O-77_matte_collodion_print.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Abraham_Lincoln_O-77_matte_collodion_print.jpg/60px-Abraham_Lincoln_O-77_matte_collodion_print.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="2835" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%8C%EB%9F%AC%ED%96%84_%EB%A7%81%EC%BB%A8" title="에이브러햄 링컨">링컨</a> <small>(1809년 ~ 1865년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:ITAGAKI_Taisuke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/ITAGAKI_Taisuke.jpg/30px-ITAGAKI_Taisuke.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/ITAGAKI_Taisuke.jpg/45px-ITAGAKI_Taisuke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/ITAGAKI_Taisuke.jpg/60px-ITAGAKI_Taisuke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1335" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%83%80%EA%B0%80%ED%82%A4_%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%EC%BC%80" title="이타가키 다이스케">이타가키</a> <small>(1837년 ~ 1919년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Thomas_Woodrow_Wilson,_Harris_%26_Ewing_bw_photo_portrait,_1919.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Thomas_Woodrow_Wilson%2C_Harris_%26_Ewing_bw_photo_portrait%2C_1919.jpg/30px-Thomas_Woodrow_Wilson%2C_Harris_%26_Ewing_bw_photo_portrait%2C_1919.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Thomas_Woodrow_Wilson%2C_Harris_%26_Ewing_bw_photo_portrait%2C_1919.jpg/45px-Thomas_Woodrow_Wilson%2C_Harris_%26_Ewing_bw_photo_portrait%2C_1919.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Thomas_Woodrow_Wilson%2C_Harris_%26_Ewing_bw_photo_portrait%2C_1919.jpg/60px-Thomas_Woodrow_Wilson%2C_Harris_%26_Ewing_bw_photo_portrait%2C_1919.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2484" data-file-height="3762" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%93%9C%EB%A1%9C_%EC%9C%8C%EC%8A%A8" title="우드로 윌슨">윌슨</a> <small>(1856년 ~ 1924년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:David_Lloyd_George.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/David_Lloyd_George.jpg/30px-David_Lloyd_George.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/David_Lloyd_George.jpg/45px-David_Lloyd_George.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/David_Lloyd_George.jpg/60px-David_Lloyd_George.jpg 2x" data-file-width="907" data-file-height="1182" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%EB%93%9C_%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C_%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80" title="데이비드 로이드 조지">D. L. 조지</a> <small>(1863년 ~ 1945년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:FDR_in_1933.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/FDR_in_1933.jpg/30px-FDR_in_1933.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/FDR_in_1933.jpg/45px-FDR_in_1933.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/FDR_in_1933.jpg/60px-FDR_in_1933.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2488" data-file-height="2928" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%AD%ED%81%B4%EB%A6%B0_D._%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4%EB%B2%A8%ED%8A%B8" title="프랭클린 D. 루스벨트">F. D. 루스벨트</a> <small>(1882년 ~ 1945년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Pridi_Banomyong_official.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Pridi_Banomyong_official.jpg/30px-Pridi_Banomyong_official.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Pridi_Banomyong_official.jpg/45px-Pridi_Banomyong_official.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Pridi_Banomyong_official.jpg/60px-Pridi_Banomyong_official.jpg 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="389" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%81%98%EB%A6%AC%EB%94%94_%ED%8C%8C%EB%86%88%EC%9A%A9" title="쁘리디 파놈용">파놈용</a> <small>(1900년 ~ 1983년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Alan_Paton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Alan_Paton.jpg/30px-Alan_Paton.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Alan_Paton.jpg/45px-Alan_Paton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Alan_Paton.jpg/60px-Alan_Paton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="640" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Paton" class="extiw" title="en:Alan Paton">페이턴</a> <small>(1903년 ~ 1988년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Portrait_of_Mehdi_Bazargan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Portrait_of_Mehdi_Bazargan.jpg/30px-Portrait_of_Mehdi_Bazargan.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Portrait_of_Mehdi_Bazargan.jpg/45px-Portrait_of_Mehdi_Bazargan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Portrait_of_Mehdi_Bazargan.jpg/60px-Portrait_of_Mehdi_Bazargan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="328" data-file-height="430" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%94%94_%EB%B0%94%EC%9E%90%EB%A5%B4%EA%B0%84" title="메디 바자르간">바자르간</a> <small>(1907년 ~ 1995년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Kim_Dae-jung_presidential_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Kim_Dae-jung_presidential_portrait.jpg/30px-Kim_Dae-jung_presidential_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Kim_Dae-jung_presidential_portrait.jpg/45px-Kim_Dae-jung_presidential_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Kim_Dae-jung_presidential_portrait.jpg/60px-Kim_Dae-jung_presidential_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EA%B9%80%EB%8C%80%EC%A4%91" title="김대중">김대중</a> <small>(1924년 ~ 2009년)</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg/30px-Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg/45px-Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg/60px-Corazon_Aquino_1986.jpg 2x" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="1192" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%9D%BC%EC%86%90_%EC%95%84%ED%82%A4%EB%85%B8" title="코라손 아키노">아키노</a> <small>(1933년 ~ )</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Remise_du_Prix_Sakharov_%C3%A0_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_Strasbourg_22_octobre_2013-18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Remise_du_Prix_Sakharov_%C3%A0_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_Strasbourg_22_octobre_2013-18.jpg/30px-Remise_du_Prix_Sakharov_%C3%A0_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_Strasbourg_22_octobre_2013-18.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Remise_du_Prix_Sakharov_%C3%A0_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_Strasbourg_22_octobre_2013-18.jpg/45px-Remise_du_Prix_Sakharov_%C3%A0_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_Strasbourg_22_octobre_2013-18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Remise_du_Prix_Sakharov_%C3%A0_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_Strasbourg_22_octobre_2013-18.jpg/60px-Remise_du_Prix_Sakharov_%C3%A0_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_Strasbourg_22_octobre_2013-18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2865" data-file-height="4297" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9B%85%EC%82%B0%EC%88%98%EC%B0%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="아웅산수찌">아웅산수찌</a> <small>(1943년 ~ )</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Bill_Clinton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bill_Clinton.jpg/30px-Bill_Clinton.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bill_Clinton.jpg/45px-Bill_Clinton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bill_Clinton.jpg/60px-Bill_Clinton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2299" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%8C_%ED%81%B4%EB%A6%B0%ED%84%B4" title="빌 클린턴">B. 클린턴</a> <small>(1946년 ~ )</small><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Yukio_Hatoyama_20070824.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yukio_Hatoyama_20070824.jpg/30px-Yukio_Hatoyama_20070824.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yukio_Hatoyama_20070824.jpg/45px-Yukio_Hatoyama_20070824.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yukio_Hatoyama_20070824.jpg/60px-Yukio_Hatoyama_20070824.jpg 2x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="410" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%ED%86%A0%EC%95%BC%EB%A7%88_%EC%9C%A0%ED%82%A4%EC%98%A4" title="하토야마 유키오">하토야마</a> <small>(1947년 ~ )</small></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311309">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="틀:자유주의"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="틀토론:자유주의"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="특수:문서편집/틀:자유주의"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311371"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:20.0em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size: 175%; font-weight: normal; background:#F9F9F9; color:black; padding-bottom:0.3em;"><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%ED%82%A4%EC%A6%98" title="아나키즘"><span style="color:black">아나키즘</span></a></b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Anarchy-symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anarchy-symbol.svg/100px-Anarchy-symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anarchy-symbol.svg/150px-Anarchy-symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Anarchy-symbol.svg/200px-Anarchy-symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a></span><br /></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid black;background:#F9F9F9;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:left;color:black;">역사</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebeli%C3%B3n_cantonal" class="extiw" title="es:Rebelión cantonal">스페인 분리주의 혁명(1873)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EC%9D%B4%EB%A7%88%EC%BC%93_%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4" title="헤이마켓 사건">미국 헤이마켓 사건(1886)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EA%B7%B9%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%B4%ED%9D%98" title="비극의 열흘">바르셀로나 비극의 열흘(1909)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%95%EC%8B%9C%EC%BD%94_%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85" title="멕시코 혁명">멕시코 혁명(1910)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C1%EC%B0%A8_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%84" title="제1차 세계 대전">제1차 세계 대전(1914~1918)</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patagonia_rebelde" class="extiw" title="es:Patagonia rebelde">아르헨티나 파타고니아 반란(1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%A0%EC%8B%9C%ED%83%80%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B0%98%EB%9E%80" title="크론시타트 반란">러시아 크론시타트 반란(1921)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8_%EC%A0%9C2%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="스페인 제2공화국">스페인 제2공화국(1931)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8_%EB%82%B4%EC%A0%84" title="스페인 내전">스페인 내전(1936)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C2%EC%B0%A8_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%84" title="제2차 세계 대전">제2차 세계 대전(1939~1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4_5%EC%9B%94_%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85" class="mw-redirect" title="프랑스 5월 혁명">프랑스 68혁명(1968)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88_%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%ED%9A%8C%EC%9D%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="로마 국제회의 (없는 문서)">로마 국제회의</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%ED%82%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%95%94%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%8C%EB%A5%B4%EB%8B%B4_%ED%9A%8C%EC%9D%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="국제 아나키스트 암스테르담 회의 (없는 문서)">국제 아나키스트 암스테르담 회의</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%96%89%EB%8D%95%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="행덕사건 (없는 문서)">행덕사건</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=16_%EC%9D%B8%EA%B6%8C_%EC%84%A0%EC%96%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="16 인권 선언 (없는 문서)">16 인권 선언</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%98%81%EC%97%AD%EB%B6%84%EC%9F%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="자유영역분쟁 (없는 문서)">자유영역분쟁</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%EB%A7%88%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%A4_%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="아마카스 사건 (없는 문서)">아마카스 사건</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B6%89%EC%9D%80_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%BC%EA%B0%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="붉은 역삼각 (없는 문서)">붉은 역삼각</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EB%B3%B4_%EC%A0%84%EC%84%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="프로보 전선 (없는 문서)">프로보 전선</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WTO%EC%8B%9C%EC%9C%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WTO시위 (없는 문서)">WTO시위</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8%EB%82%A8_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81_%EB%B0%98%EC%A0%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%9C%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="베트남 전쟁 반전시위 (없는 문서)">베트남 전쟁 반전시위</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid black;background:#F9F9F9;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:left;color:black;">관련 분파</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A0%81_%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%ED%82%A4%EC%A6%98" title="사회적 아나키즘">사회적 아나키즘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EA%B0%95%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="정강주의">정강주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EC%97%AD_%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%ED%82%A4%EC%A6%98" class="mw-redirect" title="반역 아나키즘">반역 아나키즘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%A0%81_%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%ED%82%A4%EC%A6%98" title="개인주의적 아나키즘">개인주의적 아나키즘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%91%EC%82%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%A0%81_%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%ED%82%A4%EC%A6%98" class="mw-redirect" title="집산주의적 아나키즘">집산주의적 아나키즘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_(%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0)" title="상호주의 (경제이론)">상호주의적 아나키즘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%98%EA%B2%BD%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%A0%81_%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%ED%82%A4%EC%A6%98" title="환경주의적 아나키즘">환경주의적 아나키즘</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%8B%A4%EC%A1%B4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%A0%81_%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%ED%82%A4%EC%A6%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="실존주의적 아나키즘 (없는 문서)">실존주의적 아나키즘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%EB%A5%B4%EC%BD%94%EC%97%AC%EC%84%B1%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="아나르코여성주의">여성주의적 아나키즘</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B4%88%EC%9B%94%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%A0%81_%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%ED%82%A4%EC%A6%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="초월주의적 아나키즘 (없는 문서)">초월주의적 아나키즘</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80_%EC%83%81%ED%83%9C" title="무정부 상태">무정부·무군대</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%88%EC%8B%9C%EC%A0%81_%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98" title="예시적 정치">예시적 정치</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%83%9D%EC%A0%81_%EC%A7%88%EC%84%9C" title="자생적 질서">자생적 질서</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89_%ED%88%AC%EC%9F%81" class="mw-redirect" title="계급 투쟁">계급 투쟁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%82%AC%EC%83%81" title="자유사상">자유사상</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%97%B0%EC%95%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="자유연애">자유연애</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EA%B0%80%EC%A7%80%EB%A1%A0" title="불가지론">불가지론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8B%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="이신론">이신론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EC%8B%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="반신론">반신론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9A%8C%EC%9D%98%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="회의주의">회의론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%AC%B4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="허무주의">니힐리즘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A4%EC%A1%B4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="실존주의">실존주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%AC%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="인문주의">인본주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%AF%BC_%EB%B6%88%EB%B3%B5%EC%A2%85" title="시민 불복종">시민 불복종</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%81%EC%A0%91%ED%96%89%EB%8F%99" title="직접행동">직접행동</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99%EC%A1%B0%ED%95%A9" title="노동조합">노동조합</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%98%91%EB%8F%99%EC%A1%B0%ED%95%A9" title="협동조합">협동조합</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%BE%83" title="스쾃">스쾃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%97%85" title="파업">파업</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EB%A7%A4%EB%8F%99%EB%A7%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="불매동맹">불매동맹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%AA%A8%EB%8D%94%EB%8B%88%EC%A6%98" title="포스트모더니즘">포스트모더니즘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%A6%98" title="다다이즘">다다이즘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%84%ED%8E%91%ED%81%AC" title="사이버펑크">사이버펑크</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P2P" title="P2P">P2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B5%ED%8B%B0%EB%B9%84%EC%A6%98" title="핵티비즘">핵티비즘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%97%B0%EB%B2%95" title="자연법">자연법</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A4%EC%A0%95%EB%B2%95" title="실정법">실정법</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EA%B1%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%A6%98" title="일리걸리즘">일리걸리즘</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">개인주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0%EC%86%8C%EC%9C%A0%EA%B6%8C" title="자기소유권">자기소유권</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid black;background:#F9F9F9;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:left;color:black;">관련 문헌</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85%EC%84%A0%EC%96%B8" title="조선혁명선언">조선혁명선언</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%ED%97%88%EB%AC%B4%EB%8B%B9%EC%84%A0%EC%96%B8" title="허무당선언">허무당선언</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%84%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4_%EB%8F%85%EB%A6%BD%EC%84%A0%EC%96%B8%EB%AC%B8" title="사이버스페이스 독립선언문">사이버스페이스 독립선언문</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A1%9C%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84_%EC%B0%AC%EA%B0%80" title="카탈로니아 찬가">카탈로니아 찬가</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98%EC%A0%81_%EC%A0%95%EC%9D%98%EC%99%80_%EA%B7%B8%EA%B2%83%EC%9D%B4_%EC%9D%BC%EB%B0%98_%EB%AF%B8%EB%8D%95%EA%B3%BC_%ED%96%89%EB%B3%B5%EC%97%90_%EB%AF%B8%EC%B9%98%EB%8A%94_%EC%98%81%ED%96%A5%EC%97%90_%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C_%EA%B3%A0%EC%B0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="정치적 정의와 그것이 일반 미덕과 행복에 미치는 영향에 관한 고찰 (없는 문서)">정치적 정의와 그것이 일반<br />미덕과 행복에 미치는 영향에<br />관한 고찰</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%AC%EC%82%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%80_%EB%AC%B4%EC%97%87%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="재산이란 무엇인가 (없는 문서)">재산이란 무엇인가</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%EC%A0%81_%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC_%EB%AA%A8%EC%88%9C%EC%9D%98_%EC%B2%B4%EA%B3%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="경제적 여러 모순의 체계 (없는 문서)">경제적 여러 모순의 체계</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99%EC%9E%90%EA%B3%84%EA%B8%89%EC%9D%98_%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98%EC%A0%81_%EB%8A%A5%EB%A0%A5%EC%97%90_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%B4%EC%84%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="노동자계급의 정치적 능력에 대해서 (없는 문서)">노동자계급의 정치적 능력에<br />대해서</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B7%BC%EB%8C%80%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99%EA%B3%BC_%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%ED%82%A4%EC%A6%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="근대과학과 아나키즘 (없는 문서)">근대과학과 아나키즘</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%99%80_%EB%AC%B4%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="국가와 무정부 (없는 문서)">국가와 무정부</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%8B%A0%EA%B3%BC_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="신과 국가 (없는 문서)">신과 국가</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EB%B6%80%EC%A1%B0%EB%A1%A0" title="상호부조론">상호부조론</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4_%EC%B1%85%EC%9D%84_%ED%9B%94%EC%B3%90%EB%9D%BC" title="이 책을 훔쳐라">이 책을 훔쳐라</a>》</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid black;background:#F9F9F9;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:left;color:black;">국제 조직</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99%EC%9E%90%ED%98%91%ED%9A%8C_(1864%EB%85%84)" title="국제노동자협회 (1864년)">제1인터네셔널</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%EC%97%AC%EB%8B%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 여단">국제 여단</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99%EC%9E%90%ED%98%91%ED%9A%8C_(1922%EB%85%84)" title="국제노동자협회 (1922년)">국제노동자협회 (1922년)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%EB%8B%B9" title="청년국제당">청년국제당</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EC%82%B0%EC%97%85%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99%EC%9E%90%EC%97%B0%EB%A7%B9" title="세계산업노동자연맹">세계산업노동자연맹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EA%B5%AD%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99%EC%97%B0%EB%A7%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="전국노동연맹">전국노동연맹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%ED%82%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B8%94%EB%9E%99_%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="아나키스트 블랙 크로스">아나키스트 블랙 크로스</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid black;background:#F9F9F9;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:left;color:black;">과거 국내 조직</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%98%EC%97%B4%EB%8B%A8" title="의열단">의열단</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%8F%99%EB%B0%A9%EB%AC%B4%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9E%90%EC%97%B0%EB%A7%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="동방무정부주의자연맹 (없는 문서)">동방무정부주의자연맹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%B2%9C%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%ED%9A%8C" title="이천자유회">이천자유회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EC%A0%84%EC%A7%80%EA%B3%B5%EC%9E%91%EB%8C%80" title="한국청년전지공작대">한국청년전지공작대</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99%EC%9E%90%EC%A1%B0%ED%95%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="조선자유노동자조합 (없는 문서)">조선자유노동자조합</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EC%9D%B8%EC%8B%A0%EC%A7%84%ED%9A%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="조선인신진회 (없는 문서)">조선인신진회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AC%B4%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9E%90%EC%97%B0%EB%A7%B9" title="조선무정부주의자연맹">조선무정부주의자연맹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9E%80%ED%86%A0%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EC%82%AC" title="조선에스페란토문화사">조선에스페란토문화사</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%8F%99%ED%9D%A5%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99%EB%8F%99%EB%A7%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="조선동흥노동동맹 (없는 문서)">조선동흥노동동맹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99%EB%8F%99%ED%9D%A5%ED%9A%8C" title="조선노동동흥회">조선노동동흥회</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%95%A8%ED%9D%A0%EC%A0%95%EC%A7%84%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%ED%9A%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="함흠정진청년회 (없는 문서)">함흠정진청년회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%A0%EA%B5%AC%EB%8F%85%EC%84%9C%ED%9A%8C" title="선구독서회">선구독서회</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%84%EC%9A%B0%EC%97%B0%EB%A7%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="진우연맹 (없는 문서)">진우연맹</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B3%B8%EB%8A%A5%EC%95%84%EC%97%B0%EB%A7%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="본능아연맹 (없는 문서)">본능아연맹</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9A%B0%EB%A6%AC%EA%B3%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="우리계 (없는 문서)">우리계</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EB%AC%BC%EB%8B%A8" title="다물단">다물단</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EB%A0%B9%EC%82%AC" title="불령사">불령사</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9D%91%EC%83%89%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9%ED%9A%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="흑색청년자유연합회 (없는 문서)">흑색청년자유연합회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EB%A1%9C%ED%9A%8C" title="흑로회">흑로회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%ED%99%94%ED%95%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84%EC%97%B0%EB%A7%B9" title="남화한인청년연맹">흑색공포단</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EC%A0%84%EC%82%AC_(%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%81)" title="흑전사 (조직)">흑전사</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EB%8F%84%ED%9A%8C" title="흑도회">흑도회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%B0%EB%A7%B9" title="흑기연맹">흑기연맹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EC%9A%B0%EC%97%B0%EB%A7%B9" title="흑우연맹">흑우연맹</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid black;background:#F9F9F9;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:left;color:black;">관련 인터넷 조직</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarkismo.net" title="Anarkismo.net">Anarkismo.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%94%ED%94%BC%EB%AF%B8%EC%A6%98_%EC%84%A0%EA%B5%90_%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" title="코피미즘 선교 교회">코피미즘 선교 교회</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%A0%81%EB%8B%B9_(%EC%8A%A4%EC%9B%A8%EB%8D%B4)" title="해적당 (스웨덴)">스웨덴 해적당</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC_%ED%95%B4%EC%A0%81%EB%8B%B9" title="독일 해적당">독일 해적당</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%A0%81%EB%8B%B9_%EC%9D%B8%ED%84%B0%EB%82%B4%EC%85%94%EB%84%90" class="mw-redirect" title="해적당 인터내셔널">해적당 인터네셔널</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%B4%EB%9F%AC%ED%8A%B8%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4" title="파이러트베이">파이러트베이</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EB%82%98%EB%8B%88%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A4_(%EA%B7%B8%EB%A3%B9)" title="어나니머스 (그룹)">어나니머스</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid black;background:#F9F9F9;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:left;color:black;">관련 목록</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%ED%82%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%93%A4%EC%9D%98_%EC%83%81%EC%A7%95" title="아나키스트들의 상징">아나키스트들의 상징</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_anarcho-punk_bands" class="extiw" title="en:List of anarcho-punk bands">아나코 펑크 밴드</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_anarchist_communities" class="extiw" title="en:List of anarchist communities">아나키스트 커뮤니티</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fictional_anarchists" class="extiw" title="en:List of fictional anarchists">아나키스트 소설</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Jewish_anarchists" class="extiw" title="en:List of Jewish anarchists">유대인 아나키스트</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Russian_anarchists" class="extiw" title="en:List of Russian anarchists">러시아 아나키스트</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_anarchist_musicians" class="extiw" title="en:List of anarchist musicians">아나키스트 음악가</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_anarchist_organizations" class="extiw" title="en:List of anarchist organizations">아나키스트 조직</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_anarchist_periodicals" class="extiw" title="en:List of anarchist periodicals">아나키스트 간행물</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_anarchist_poets" class="extiw" title="en:List of anarchist poets">아나키스트 시인</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_Anarchism" class="extiw" title="en:List of films dealing with Anarchism">아나키스트 영화</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid black;background:#F9F9F9;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:left;color:black;">관련 경제</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%97%85_%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85" title="산업 혁명">산업 혁명</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C_%EB%B6%88%EA%B7%A0%ED%98%95" class="mw-redirect" title="경제 불균형">경제 불균형</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%ED%85%94" class="mw-redirect" title="카르텔">카르텔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9D%EC%9C%A0" title="석유">석유</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99%EA%B0%80%EC%B9%98%EB%A1%A0" title="노동가치론">노동가치론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%B8%EB%A1%A0" title="자본론">자본론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21%EC%84%B8%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%B8" title="21세기 자본">21세기 자본</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EB%A1%A0" title="제국주의론">제국주의론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%B8%EC%B6%95%EC%A0%81%EB%A1%A0" title="자본축적론">자본축적론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%B8%EC%86%8C%EB%93%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="기본소득">기본소득</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%A0%EB%AC%BC%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="선물경제">선물경제</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%80%EB%B3%B8%EC%9C%84%EC%A0%9C" title="은본위제">은 본위제</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%88_%EB%B3%B8%EC%9C%84%EC%A0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="금 본위제">금 본위제</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%80%EC%9D%80_%EB%AA%A9%EC%9A%94%EC%9D%BC" title="검은 목요일">검은 목요일</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%A0%88%ED%84%B4%EC%9A%B0%EC%A6%88_%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%9C" title="브레턴우즈 체제">브레턴우즈 체제</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EB%AF%B8%EC%86%8C%EB%8B%88%EC%96%B8_%ED%98%91%EC%A0%95" title="스미소니언 협정">스미소니언 협정</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%82%B9%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B4_%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%9C" title="킹스턴 체제">킹스턴 체제</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%80%EB%8F%99_%ED%99%98%EC%9C%A8%EC%A0%9C" title="변동 환율제">변동 환율제</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="신자유주의">신자유주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%88%EA%B3%A4" title="빈곤">빈곤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99_%EB%B9%88%EA%B3%A4%EC%B8%B5" title="노동 빈곤층">노동 빈곤층</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EA%B8%B0%EC%A7%80_%EB%A1%A0" title="모기지 론">모기지</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008%EB%85%84_%EC%84%9C%EB%B8%8C%ED%94%84%EB%9D%BC%EC%9E%84_%EB%AA%A8%EA%B8%B0%EC%A7%80_%EC%82%AC%ED%83%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="2008년 서브프라임 모기지 사태">서브프라임 모기지 사태</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EB%B6%80%EC%B1%84%EC%9C%84%EA%B8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="유럽 국가부채위기">유럽 국가부채위기</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EC%9A%A9%ED%8C%8C%EC%82%B0%EC%8A%A4%EC%99%91" title="신용파산스왑">신용파산스왑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EC%9D%80%ED%96%89" title="중앙은행">중앙은행</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B8%EC%9B%90%ED%86%B5%ED%99%94" title="본원통화">본원통화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%B5%ED%99%94%EC%8A%B9%EC%88%98" title="통화승수">통화승수</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EB%B0%A9%EC%A4%80%EB%B9%84%EC%A0%9C%EB%8F%84" title="연방준비제도">연방준비제도</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B8%89%EC%A4%80%EB%B9%84%EC%A0%9C%EB%8F%84" title="지급준비제도">지급준비제도</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90" class="mw-redirect" title="전자화폐">전자화폐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%ED%8A%B8%EC%BD%94%EC%9D%B8" title="비트코인">비트코인</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid black;background:#F9F9F9;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:left;color:black;">관련 인물</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%EA%B3%A0%EB%93%9C%EC%9C%88" title="윌리엄 고드윈">고드윈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B4%EC%A1%B0%EC%A0%9C%ED%94%84_%ED%94%84%EB%A3%A8%EB%8F%99" title="피에르조제프 프루동">프루동</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%91%9C%ED%8A%B8%EB%A5%B4_%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%ED%8F%BF%ED%82%A8" title="표트르 크로폿킨">크로폿킨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%ED%95%98%EC%9D%BC_%EB%B0%94%EC%BF%A0%EB%8B%8C" title="미하일 바쿠닌">바쿠닌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%BD%94_%EB%A7%90%EB%9D%BC%ED%85%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80" title="에리코 말라테스타">말라테스타</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%80%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EB%B8%8C_%EC%BF%A0%EB%A5%B4%EB%B2%A0" title="귀스타브 쿠르베">쿠르베</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%98%EB%A7%88_%EA%B3%A8%EB%93%9C%EB%A7%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="옘마 골드만">골드만</a></li> <li><a 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촐고츠">촐고츠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A0%EB%B9%84_%ED%98%B8%ED%94%84%EB%A7%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="애비 호프만">호프만</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EB%A6%AC_%EB%A3%A8%EB%B9%88" title="제리 루빈">루빈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A8%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4_%EB%B6%81%EC%B9%9C" title="머레이 북친">북친</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4_%EC%9E%90%EC%BD%94%EB%B8%8C" title="마리우스 자코브">자코브</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%84%A4%EC%BD%94_%ED%9B%84%EB%AF%B8%EC%BD%94" title="가네코 후미코">후미코</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%ED%86%A0%EC%BF%A0_%EC%8A%88%EC%8A%A4%EC%9D%B4" title="고토쿠 슈스이">슈스이</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%EA%B8%B0_%EC%82%AC%EC%B9%B4%EC%97%90" title="오스기 사카에">사카에</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B9%80%EC%9B%90%EB%B4%89" title="김원봉">김원봉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EA%B8%B0%EB%9D%BD" title="하기락">하기락</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EC%A0%95%EA%B8%B0" title="백정기">백정기</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EC%B1%84%ED%98%B8" title="신채호">신채호</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%ED%9A%8C%EC%98%81" title="이회영">이회영</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EA%B7%9C%EC%B0%BD" class="mw-disambig" title="이규창">이규창</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%A6%BC_(1894%EB%85%84)" title="유림 (1894년)">유림</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%9E%90%EB%AA%85" title="유자명">유자명</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%ED%99%94%EC%95%94" title="정화암">정화암</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B9%80%EC%82%B0" title="김산">김산</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8D%ED%98%95%EC%9D%98" title="홍형의">홍형의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B9%80%EC%A2%85%EC%A7%84_(1901%EB%85%84)" title="김종진 (1901년)">김종진</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%8B%AC%EC%B0%BD" title="원심창">원심창</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%A9%B4%EC%A7%81" title="오면직">오면직</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%A9%EC%83%81%EA%B7%9C" title="황상규">황상규</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%95%EC%97%B4" title="박열">박열</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%9B%94%ED%99%98" title="나월환">나월환</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%95%BD%EA%B3%A8" title="조약골">조약골</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311309"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%ED%82%A4%EC%A6%98" title="틀:아나키즘"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%ED%82%A4%EC%A6%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="틀토론:아나키즘 (없는 문서)"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%ED%82%A4%EC%A6%98" title="특수:문서편집/틀:아나키즘"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Stirner02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Stirner02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="567" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption>에고이스트 철학자 막스 슈티르너는 원생존주의 철학자로 불리며 동시에 개인주의적 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%ED%82%A4%EC%A6%98" title="아나키즘">아나키즘</a>의 중심 이론가이다.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>개인주의</b>(個人主義, individualism)는 개인의 도덕적 가치를 중시하는 도덕적 입장, 이데올로기, 정치철학, 사회적 시각 등을 의미한다.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 개인주의자는 자신의 목표와 욕망을 행사하는 것을 촉진하며, 따라서 개인의 독립과 자립에<sup id="cite_ref-thefreedictionary.com_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thefreedictionary.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 가치를 두고 개인의 이익이 국가나 사회집단 보다 우선시 되어야 한다고 주장한다.<sup id="cite_ref-thefreedictionary.com_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thefreedictionary.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 그들은 사회나 정부의 기관같은 외부 요소들이 개인의 행동에 영향력을 행사하는 것에 반대한다.<sup id="cite_ref-thefreedictionary.com_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thefreedictionary.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 개인주의는 전체주의, 집단주의, 권위주의, 공동체주의, 국가주의, 세계주의 등에 배치되는 것으로 이해되기도 하나 사회,공동체와 조화된 개인주의도 성립가능하다.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hayek_1994_17,_37–48_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hayek_1994_17,_37–48-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>개인주의는 개인을 중요시하기 때문에 그 방점을 찍기 때문에<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 다음과 같은 주장과 함께 시작된다 “인간 개인은 해방을 위한 투쟁에서 가장 중요하다는 근본 전제를 가지고 있다".<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 고전적 자유주의, 실존주의 그리고 아나키즘은 인간 개인을 분석의 중심 단위로 삼는 운동의 예시다.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 따라서 개인주의는 “자유와 자기 실현에 대한 개인의 권리”와 연관된다.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="역사"><span id=".EC.97.AD.EC.82.AC"></span>역사</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 역사"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EB%A5%B4%EB%84%A4%EC%83%81%EC%8A%A4" title="르네상스">르네상스</a> 이후 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%EB%AA%85" title="문명">문명</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EC%A0%84" class="mw-disambig" title="발전">발전</a> 더불어 개인주의가 주요한 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%90%EB%A6%84" class="mw-disambig" title="흐름">흐름</a>이 되었다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90" title="종교">종교</a> 면에서는 중세적인 교회 중심적 체제에 반대하여 각 개인의 신앙의 내면화를 주장하고, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%ED%86%A8%EB%A6%AD" title="가톨릭">가톨릭</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%ED%8E%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="보편주의">보편주의</a>에 대항해 개인주의적인 반역을 꾀한 <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%ED%85%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84%ED%8B%B0%EC%A6%98" class="mw-redirect" title="프로테스탄티즘">프로테스탄티즘</a>으로서 나타났다.<sup id="cite_ref-doopedia_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doopedia-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 마르틴 루터는 칭의교리 곧 하느님이 인간의 믿음을 의롭게 여기신다는 칭의교리를 주장했는데, 그의 신학은 개인의 양심과 사상을 존중하는 인권사상으로 자랐다. 폭력에 반대하는 양심에 따라 전쟁을 거부하는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%8B%AC%EC%A0%81_%EB%B3%91%EC%97%AD_%EA%B1%B0%EB%B6%80" title="양심적 병역 거부">양심적 병역거부</a>를 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%B2%B4%EB%B3%B5%EB%AC%B4%EC%A0%9C" title="대체복무제">대체복무제</a>로써 존중하거나, 멕시코 전쟁에 반대하여 양심적 조세거부를 한 데이비드 소로우의 양심이 그것이다. 개인의 양심과 사상을 존중하는 개인주의의 등장으로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4%EC%97%84%EC%84%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="존엄성">인간의 존엄</a>과 의의가 명백하게 되었다. 그러나 개인과 사회의 상호관계를 어떻게 규정해야 하는가의 문제를 두고 제 학설이 분분하다. 다양한 개인적인 가치나 행동을 인정하는 것이 민주적이고 성숙한 사회를 담보한다는 주장과, 사회와 공동체의 이익에 배치될 수 있다는 주장이 혼재한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="어원"><span id=".EC.96.B4.EC.9B.90"></span>어원</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 어원"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>영어에서 “개인주의”라는 용어는 1830년대 사회주의자인 오언의 사상을 존중하는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%96%B8" class="mw-disambig" title="오언">오언주의자</a>들에 의해서 경멸적 용어로서 사용되기 시작했다. 다만 이것이 그들이 독립적으로 생각해 낸것인지 <a href="/wiki/%ED%81%B4%EB%A1%9C%EB%93%9C%EC%95%99%EB%A6%AC_%EB%93%9C_%EB%A3%A8%EB%B8%8C%EB%A3%A8%EC%95%84_%EB%93%9C_%EC%83%9D%EC%8B%9C%EB%AA%BD" title="클로드앙리 드 루브루아 드 생시몽">생시몽주의자들에게서</a> 영향을 받은 것인지는 불분명하다.<sup id="cite_ref-Claeys_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Claeys-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 좀더 긍정적인 의미에서의 사용은 제임스 엘리샤마 스미스(James Elishama Smith ) 저작에서 등장한다. 그는 초기 오언주의자였지만, 결국에는 소유의 집단적 개념을 거부했고 개인주의에서 “독창적인 특질”을 발전하게 하는 보편주의를 발견했다. 그는 개인주의 없이는 개인이 재산을 모음으로써 행복을 키울 수 없다고 주장했다.<sup id="cite_ref-Claeys_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Claeys-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%EB%A7%A5%EC%B9%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="윌리엄 맥칼 (없는 문서)">윌리엄 맥칼</a>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Maccall" class="extiw" title="en:William Maccall">William Maccall</a>)은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%8B%88%ED%85%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="유니테리언주의">유니테리언</a>주의자이자 스미스의 지인이었는데 1847년 그의 저작 "Elements of Individualism"에서 유사한 주장을 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-Swart_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swart-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="개인"><span id=".EA.B0.9C.EC.9D.B8"></span>개인</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 개인"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>개인은 사람이거나 집합체 안에서의 특정한 객체다. 15세기 이전, 그리고 오늘날의 통계와 형이상학 분야에서 개인은 “나누어질 수 없는 것”을 의미한다. 전형적으로 수치상 단일한 것을 말하지만, 때로는 사람을 의미한다. 17세기부터 개인은 개인주의에서처럼 분리됨을 의미하게 된다.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 개성은 다른 사람들과 분리되어 있고 자신의 필요, 목표 및 욕구를 소유하고 있는 사람 개개인의 상태 또는 질을 의미한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="개인주의와_사회"><span id=".EA.B0.9C.EC.9D.B8.EC.A3.BC.EC.9D.98.EC.99.80_.EC.82.AC.ED.9A.8C"></span>개인주의와 사회</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 개인주의와 사회"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>개인주의는 사회 구성원이 사회 구조의 이익을 추정하지 않고 개인적으로 자신의 이익이 무엇인지 배우고 발견하려고 시도한다고 주장한다. 개인주의자들은 특정한 하나의 철학에 따르지 않으며 다양한 요소를 혼합하고, 특정 측면에서 그/녀의 개인적인 관심사를 기반으로 하는 입장을 취한다. 사회적 단계에서 개인주의자는 개인적으로 구축한 정치, 도덕의 영역에 참여한다. 독립적인 사고와 의견은 개인주의자의 공통된 특징이다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EC%9E%90%ED%81%AC_%EB%A3%A8%EC%86%8C" title="장자크 루소">장 자크 루소</a>는 그의 사회계약 안에서의 일반 의지의 개념은 단지 개인 의지의 합이 아니라 개인의 이익을 증진시킨다고 주장했다. 사회와 집단은 그들이 행위에 있어서 타자 고려(집단지향)의 행위 보단 자기 고려(개인주의적)의 정도의 면에서 다를 수 있다. 루스 베니딕트는 이런 맥락에서 내적 참조 기준을 가진 죄책감 사회(중세 유럽)와 외적 참조 기준을 가진 수치 사회(일본)를 구분한다. 후자의 경우에 사람들이 행위가 “수용가능한지”의 여부의 반응을 동료들과 비교한다.(<a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%91%EB%8B%A8%EC%82%AC%EA%B3%A0" title="집단사고">집단사고</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="개성화의_원칙"><span id=".EA.B0.9C.EC.84.B1.ED.99.94.EC.9D.98_.EC.9B.90.EC.B9.99"></span>개성화의 원칙</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 개성화의 원칙"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>개성화 원칙 또는 principium individuationis는<sup id="cite_ref-Reese_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reese-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 어떤 것이 다른것들과 구별되는 방식을 설명한다.<sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 칼 융에게 있어서 개성화는 개인적, 집단적 무의식이 의식에 이르게 되어 온전한 성격과 동화되는 변형의 과정이다. 이것은 정신의 통합을 위해 필요한 완전히 자연스러운 과정이다.<sup id="cite_ref-jung1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jung1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 융은 개성화가 인간 개발의 핵심 과정이라고 간주했다.<sup id="cite_ref-Jung's_Individuation_process_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jung's_Individuation_process-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 질베르 시몽동은 L'individuation psychique et collective에서 개별 주체는 원인이 아닌 개성화의 효과로 간주된다는 개인과 집단적 개성화에 대란 이론을 개발했다. 그러므로 개별 원자는 개성화의 끝없는 존재론적 과정으로 대체된다. 개성화는 언제나 불완전한 과정이며 언제나 “전(前)개별”이며 잔재다. 이것은 미래의 개성화를 가능하게 하는 그 자체다.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 베르나르 스티글러는 질베르 시몽동의 작업을 니체와 프로이트의 비슷한 아이디어의 형태로 수정했다. “ 정신적 개인인 나는 집단적 개인인 우리와의 관계에서만 생각할 수 있다. 나는 집단적 전통의 채택으로 구성되며, 이를 상속받은 복수의 나는 서로의 존재를 인정한다.”<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="방법론적_개인주의"><span id=".EB.B0.A9.EB.B2.95.EB.A1.A0.EC.A0.81_.EA.B0.9C.EC.9D.B8.EC.A3.BC.EC.9D.98"></span>방법론적 개인주의</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 방법론적 개인주의"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>방법론적 개인주의란 현상은 오직 개별 행위자의 동기와 행동에서 그것이 어떻게 발생했는지 검토함으로써만 이해될 수 있다는 관점이다.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 경제학에서 사람들의 행위는 가격과 소득에 의해 제약을 받는 합리적인 선택의 관점으로 설명된다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="정치적_개인주의"><span id=".EC.A0.95.EC.B9.98.EC.A0.81_.EA.B0.9C.EC.9D.B8.EC.A3.BC.EC.9D.98"></span>정치적 개인주의</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 정치적 개인주의"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>개인주의자들은 사회기관(국가, 종교적 도덕성 등)의 강제력에 맞서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0%EC%86%8C%EC%9C%A0%EA%B6%8C" title="자기소유권">개인의 자율권</a>을 보호하는 것을 중시한다. L. 수잔 브라운( L. Susan Brown)은 다음과 같이 주장한다. “자유주의(Liberalism)와 아나키즘은 개인의 자유를 강조하는 정치 철학이지만, 매우 다른 방식으로 서로 구별된다. 아나키즘은 자유주의의 개인의 자유에 대한 급진적 헌신을 공유하지만 자유주의의 경쟁적 소유 관계는 거부한다.”<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%AF%BC_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A7%80%EC%83%81%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="시민 자유지상주의">시민 자유지상주의</a>는 시민의 자유를 강조하거나 모든 종류의 권위(국가, 기업, 동조압력에 의한 사회규범)에 맞서 개인의 자유와 권리를 옹호하는 정치 경향을 의미한다.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 시민 자유지상주의는 온전한 이데올로기라기 보단, 시민의 자유와 권리에 관한 의견의 집합이다. 이런 특징 때문에 시민 자유지상주의의 견해는 여러 정치철학과 호환되며 현대 정치의 좌우익에서 모두 나타날 수 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 엘렌 메이신스 우드(Ellen Meiksins Wood)는 다음과 같이 언급한다. “로크식 개인주의에 반대하는 개인주의의 교리가 있으며… 비로크적 개인주의는 사회주의를 포괄할 수 있을 것이다.”<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="자유주의"><span id=".EC.9E.90.EC.9C.A0.EC.A3.BC.EC.9D.98"></span>자유주의</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 자유주의"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>자유주의(Liberalism)는 개인의 자유에 대한 신조를 강조한다. 이런 믿음은 특히 계몽시대 이후 많은 서구 철학자들에 의해 중요한 가치로 인식 되었다. 이것은 서아시아와 중앙아시아의 이슬람 문화권이나 동아시아의 집단주의에 의해 자주 거부당한다.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이런 관념은 로마 황제 마르쿠스 아우렐리우스에 의해 찬미 되었다. “동등한 권리와 평등한 표현의 자유 그리고 통치 하의 모든 이들의 자유를 존중하는 이상적인 통치에 대한 아이디어”.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>여기서 말하는 자유주의란 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%ED%98%84%EB%8C%80_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="미국의 현대 자유주의">현대 미국의 자유주의</a>와 혼동되어서는 안되며<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 분명하게 고전적 자유주의로 인식 되어야한다. </p><p>자유주의는 계몽시대에 뿌리를 두고 있으며 왕권신수설, 세습 지위, 국교 등의 기존 통치 이론의 근본 가정들을 부정했다. 존 로크는 종종 고전적 자유주의 철학의 기초를 정립한 인물로 간주된다. 그는 다음과 같이 언급한다. “누구도 타인의 생명, 건강, 자유, 재산에 해를 입혀서는 안된다.”<sup id="cite_ref-locke_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-locke-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>17세기에 자유주의에 대한 아이디어는 네덜란드, 영국, 스위스, 독일 등지의 유럽 국가들의 통치체제에 영향력을 주기 시작했지만, 군주제와 종교의 권위를 중시하는 이들에 의해 강하게 반대 받았다. 18세기 아메리카에서 군주제와 상속 귀족제의 영향력이 없는 최초의 근대 자유주의 국가가 설립되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 미국 독립 선언문에는 다음과 같은 문장(로크에 영향을 받은듯 한)이 등장한다.”모든 사람은 평등하다. 그들은 창조주로부터 양도할 수 없는 권리를 부여 받았다. 이것엔 생명, 자유 행복의 추구가 포함된다. 이 권리를 보장하기 위해 사람들 사이에 정부가 설립되고, 피치자(被治者)의 동의로부터 정당한 권한을 이끌어낸다.”<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>자유주의는 여러 형태로 나타난다. 존 그레이 (John N. Gray)에 따르면 자유주의의 본질은 좋은 삶을 구성하는 다양한 생각과 믿음에 대한 관용이다.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="아나키즘"><span id=".EC.95.84.EB.82.98.ED.82.A4.EC.A6.98"></span>아나키즘</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=9" title="부분 편집: 아나키즘"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>아나키즘은 국가는 해롭고 바람직하지 않으며 불필요하다는 신조아래<sup id="cite_ref-definition_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-definition-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-slevin_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slevin-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 국가의 해체를 주장하는 정치 철학이다.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="반국가주의">반국가주의</a>가 중심적인 사안이지만<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이것은 권위와 인간 관계에서의 계층적 조직 역시 반대한다.<sup id="cite_ref-iaf-ifa.org_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaf-ifa.org-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ward_1966_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ward_1966-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brown_2002_106_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_2002_106-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>영향력있는 이탈리아의 아나키스트인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%BD%94_%EB%A7%90%EB%9D%BC%ED%85%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80" title="에리코 말라테스타">에리코 말라테스타</a>는 다음과 같이 언급한 적이 있다. “모든 아나키스트들은 그들이 어떤 경향에 속해있든지 간에 일종의 개인주의자들이다. 그러나 그 반대의 경우는 결코 사실일 수 없다. 그러므로 개인주의자들은 두개의 개별적 범주로 구별된다. 하나는 그 자신과 타인을 포함한 모든 이들이 완전히 인간 자신의 개성을 개발할 권리가 있다고 주장하는 이들이다. 또 다른 부류는 자신의 개성만을 생각하며 타인의 개성을 희생시키길 주저하지 않는 이들이다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%B0%A8%EB%A5%B4" title="차르">차르</a>는 후자의 개인주의자의 유형에 속하지만, 우린 전자에 속한다."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="개인주의적_아나키즘"><span id=".EA.B0.9C.EC.9D.B8.EC.A3.BC.EC.9D.98.EC.A0.81_.EC.95.84.EB.82.98.ED.82.A4.EC.A6.98"></span>개인주의적 아나키즘</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=10" title="부분 편집: 개인주의적 아나키즘"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>개인주의적 아나키즘은 아나키스트 운동에서 집단, 사회, 전통 그리고 이데올로기 체계와 같은 외부적 결정에 맞서 개인과 그의 의지를 강조하는 여러 아나키즘의 경향을 의미한다.<sup id="cite_ref-ryner_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryner-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tucker_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tucker-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 개인주의적 아나키즘은 단일한 철학이 아니며 때로는 충돌하기도 하는 개인주의 철학의 집합이다. </p><p>1793년 종종 최초의 아나키스트라 언급되는 윌리엄 고드윈은<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 그의 저서 “정치적 정의”에서 아나키즘의 최초의 표현이라고 간주되는 주장을 했다.<sup id="cite_ref-godwinsep_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-godwinsep-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 고드윈은 철학적 아나키스트로서 합리주의와 공리주의의 관점에서 혁명을 배격하고 최소 국가를 “필요 악”으로 언급했으며 지식의 확산에 의해 점진적으로 무력해질 것이라고 주장했다.<sup id="cite_ref-godwinsep_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-godwinsep-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>가장 영향력있는 개인주의적 아나키즘의 유형은 “에고이즘”<sup id="cite_ref-Goodway,_David_2006,_p._99_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goodway,_David_2006,_p._99-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 혹은 에고이스트적 아나키즘이라고 불리는데 초기 개인주의적 아나키즘의 가장 잘 알려진 주창자인 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%89%EC%8A%A4_%EC%8A%88%ED%8B%B0%EB%A5%B4%EB%84%88" title="막스 슈티르너">막스 슈티르너</a>에 의해 제시 되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-SEP-Stirner_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEP-Stirner-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 슈티르너의 저작 유일자와 그 소유(1844)는 이 철학의 기초를 제시했다.<sup id="cite_ref-SEP-Stirner_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEP-Stirner-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 슈티르너에 따르면 개인의 권리에 대한 유일한 제약은 신, 국가, 또는 도덕과 관계 없이 자신이 욕망하는 것을 취하고자 하는 힘의 크기다.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Encyclopedia_Americana_p._176_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Encyclopedia_Americana_p._176-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Miller,_David_1987._p._11_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller,_David_1987._p._11-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 슈티르너에게 권리의 개념은 인간의 마음속을 돌아다니는 유령(Spook)에 불과하며, 사회란 존재하지 않고 “개인이 현실”이라고 주장했다.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 슈티르너는 자기주장과 에고이스트 연합이라는 것을 옹호했다. 이는 슈티르너가 국가를 대신할 조직으로서 제안한 것이며, 구성원들의 지지에 의해 지속적으로 갱신되는 비체계적 협회로 간주된다.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 에고이스트 아나키스트들은 에고이즘이 개개인 간의 진정하고 자발적인 결합을 유발할 것이라고 주장한다.<sup id="cite_ref-carlson_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carlson-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 슈티르너의 철학은 19세기 후반 독일의 아나키스트이자 LGBT 활동가인 존 헨리 맥케이에 의해 재발굴 되어서 아나키스트들 사이에 대대적으로 보급되었다. </p><p>조시아 워렌(Josiah Warren)은 미국 최초의 아나키스트로 간주되며<sup id="cite_ref-Slate_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slate-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1833년 아나키스트 간행물인 The Peaceful Revolutionist를 발행했었다.<sup id="cite_ref-bailie20_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bailie20-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 미국의 아나키스트 역사가 유니스 메넷 슈스터( Eunice Minette Schuster)는 다음과 같이 언급한다. “프루동주의적 아나키즘이 적어도 1848년의 미국에서 나타났다는 것은 분명하다… 그리고 이것은 조시아 워렌과 스티븐 펄 앤드류스(Stephen Pearl Andrews)의 개인주의적 아나키즘에 대한 친화력을 인식하지 않았다… 윌리엄 B. 그린(William B. Greene)은 프루동의 상호주의를 그것의 가장 순수하고 체계적인 형태로서 제시했다".<sup id="cite_ref-againstallauthority.org_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-againstallauthority.org-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%ED%97%A8%EB%A6%AC_%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%EB%93%9C_%EC%86%8C%EB%A1%9C" title="헨리 데이비드 소로">헨리 데이비드 소로</a>는 영향력있는 초기 미국의 개인주의적 아나키스트다.<sup id="cite_ref-thoreau_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thoreau-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 그의 저작 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%94%EB%93%A0" title="월든">월든</a>에서 자연환경에서의 단순한 생활의 성찰에 대한 언급을 했으며, 그의 에세이 시민 불복종에서는 부당한 국가에 대한 개인적 저항에 대한 주장을 했다. 벤자민 터커는 이후 슈티르너의 에고이즘을 워렌과 프루동의 경제관과 혼합해서 그의 간행물 Liberty에서 제시했다. </p><p>이런 초기 개인주의적 아나키즘들은 여러 나라에서 작지만 다양한 보헤미안 예술가와 지식인들을 매혹시켰다.<sup id="cite_ref-bohemian_individualism_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bohemian_individualism-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%97%B0%EC%95%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="자유연애">자유연애</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EC%9E%84" title="피임">가족</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%99%ED%83%9C" title="낙태">계획에 대한 옹호</a><sup id="cite_ref-freelove_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freelove-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 개인주적 환경주의자와 누드주의자들<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-acracia.org_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acracia.org-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aujourdhui_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aujourdhui-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%82%AC%EC%83%81" title="자유사상">자유사상</a>가와 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EA%B5%90%EA%B6%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="반교권주의">반교권</a> 운동가들<sup id="cite_ref-mises.org_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mises.org-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 그리고 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EA%B1%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%A6%98" title="일리걸리즘">일리걸리즘</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%9D%98_%EC%88%98%EB%B3%B5" title="개인의 수복">개인의 수복</a>이라는 활동에 종사한 청년 아나키스트 무법자들과<sup id="cite_ref-The_Illegalists_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Illegalists-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Parry,_Richard_1987._p._15_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parry,_Richard_1987._p._15-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 같은 많은 움직임이 있었다. 이런 운동과 관련된 작가와 활동가들에는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B4_%EC%99%80%EC%9D%BC%EB%93%9C" title="오스카 와일드">오스카 와일드</a>, 에밀 아망드(Emile Armand), 한 라이너(Han Ryner), 앙리 지즐리(Henri Zisly), <a href="/wiki/%EB%A0%8C%EC%A1%B0_%EB%85%B8%EB%B0%94%ED%86%A0%EB%A0%88" title="렌조 노바토레">렌조 노바토레</a>, 미구엘 기메네즈 이구아라다(Miguel Gimenez Igualada), 아돌프 브랜드(Adolf Brand) 그리고 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A0%88%ED%94%84_%EC%B2%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%8B%88" title="레프 체르니">레프 체르니</a> 같은 이들이 있었다. 오스카 와일드는 그의 “사회주의 아래서 인간의 영혼”이라는 에세이에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A7%80%EC%83%81%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%A0%81_%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자유지상주의적 사회주의">자유지상주의적 사회주의</a>를 개인주의를 보장하는 방법으로서 옹호했다. “사유재산을 폐지함으로써 우린 진정하고 아름다우며 건강한 개인주의를 향유하게 될것이다. 누구도 상징적인 것들을 축적하기 위해 인생을 허비하지 않게 될것이다.”<sup id="cite_ref-flag.blackened.net_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flag.blackened.net-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 아나키스트 역사가 조지 우드콕(George Woodcock)은 다음과 같이 주장했다. “와일드의 사회주의 아래서 인간의 영혼은 예술가에게 가장 우호적인 사회를 찾고자 하는 목적을 추구하고 있다… 와일드에게 있어서 예술은 다른 모든 목적에 앞서는 것이며 그안에 계몽과 재생을 포함하는 최종적 목적이다… 와일드는 아나키스트를 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%AF%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="유미주의">유미주의자</a>로서 표현했다."<sup id="cite_ref-Anarchism_1962._p._447_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anarchism_1962._p._447-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="철학적_개인주의"><span id=".EC.B2.A0.ED.95.99.EC.A0.81_.EA.B0.9C.EC.9D.B8.EC.A3.BC.EC.9D.98"></span>철학적 개인주의</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=11" title="부분 편집: 철학적 개인주의"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="윤리적_에고이즘"><span id=".EC.9C.A4.EB.A6.AC.EC.A0.81_.EC.97.90.EA.B3.A0.EC.9D.B4.EC.A6.98"></span>윤리적 에고이즘</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=12" title="부분 편집: 윤리적 에고이즘"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>윤리적 에고이즘은<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 도덕적 행위자가 자신의 이익에 봉사하는 행동을 해야 한다는 규범 윤리다. 이것은 사람이 자신의 이익에 부합하는 행동만을 한다고 주장하는 심리적 에고이즘과는 구별된다. 윤리적 에고이즘은 또한 자신의 이익에 따라 행동하는 것이 합리적이다고 주장하는 합리적 에고이즘과도 다르다. 그러나 그런 교리들은 종종 윤리적 에고이즘과 혼합되기도 한다. </p><p>윤리적 에고이즘은 도덕적 행위자가 타자에게 도움과 봉사를 제공해야 한다고 주장하는 윤리적 이타주의와는 대조된다. 에고이즘과 이타주의는 모두 공리주의와 대조를 이루는데, 공리주의는 그자신(주체)을 타자보다 우선해서(에고이즘이 그러하듯)는 안된다고 주장하며, 타자를 돕는 것이 그 자신의 이익(그의 욕망과 안녕)과 동등하지 않는 이상 자신을 희생(이타주의가 그러하듯)하지 않아야 한다고 주장하기 때문이다. 에고이즘, 공리주의, 이타주의는 모두 결과주의이지만 차이점에 존재 하는데, 에고이즘과 이타주의는 행위자에 중심을 둔 결과주의인 반면, 공리주의에선 행위 중립적인 존재라고 부르며 주체에게 특별성을 부여하지 않기 때문이다. </p><p>윤리적 에고이즘이 그런걸 의미하지는 않지만, 이것은 도덕적 행위자가 도덕적 숙고를 진행함에 있어서 타자의 이익이나 안녕에 해를 끼칠 수도 있다. 즉 행위자의 이익에 부합하는 것이 부수적으로 타인에게 해롭거나, 이익을 줄 수도 있으며 중립적을 영향을 끼칠 수도 있다. 개인주의는 행위자가 선택한 것이 그의 이익을 만족시키는 한, 타인의 이익과 안녕이 경시되거나 그렇지 않을 수도 있는 행위를 허용할 수 있게 한다. 윤리적 에고이즘은 자신의 이익을 추구함에 있어서 언제나 그가 하고 싶은 일을 해야만 한다는 것을 의미하지 않는다. 즉 장기적으로 봤을 때 단기적인 욕구의 충족은 자신에게 해를 끼칠 수도 있기 때문이다. 순간적인 즐거움은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%9A%B0%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%B4%EB%AA%A8%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84" title="에우다이모니아">에우다이모니아</a>를 뒤로 밀려나게 한다. 제임스 레이첼스(James Rachels)가 말하길 “윤리적 에고이즘은 이기심을 지지하지만, 어리석음을 지지하는 것은 아니다.”<sup id="cite_ref-Rachels_2008,_p._534_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rachels_2008,_p._534-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>윤리적 에고이즘은 종종 자유지상주의와 개인주의적 아나키즘을 지지하는 철학적 기반이 되기도 한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="에고이스트적_아나키즘"><span id=".EC.97.90.EA.B3.A0.EC.9D.B4.EC.8A.A4.ED.8A.B8.EC.A0.81_.EC.95.84.EB.82.98.ED.82.A4.EC.A6.98"></span>에고이스트적 아나키즘</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=13" title="부분 편집: 에고이스트적 아나키즘"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>에고이스트적 아나키즘은 19세기 <a href="/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EA%B2%94%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="헤겔주의">헤겔주의</a> 철학자이자 가장 잘알려진 초기 개인주의적 아나키즘의 주창자인 막스 슈티르너의 철학에서 파생된 아나키스트 사상중의 하나다.<sup id="cite_ref-SEP-Stirner_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEP-Stirner-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 슈티르너에 따르면 개인의 권리에 대한 유일한 제약은 신, 국가, 또는 도덕과 관계 없이 자신이 욕망하는 것을 취하고자 하는 힘의 크기다.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Encyclopedia_Americana_p._176_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Encyclopedia_Americana_p._176-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Miller,_David_1987._p._11_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller,_David_1987._p._11-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 슈티르너는 자기주장과 에고이스트 연합이라는 것을 옹호했다. 이는 슈티르너가 국가를 대신할 조직으로서 제안한 것이며, 구성원들의 지지에 의해 지속적으로 갱신되는 비체계적 협회로 간주된다.<sup id="cite_ref-nonserviam_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nonserviam-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-karl_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-karl-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 에고이스트 아나키스트들은 에고이즘이 개개인 간의 진정하고 자발적인 결합을 유발할 것이라고 주장한다.<sup id="cite_ref-carlson_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carlson-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 슈티르너의 철학은 19세기 후반 독일의 아나키스트이자 LGBT 활동가인 존 헨리 맥케이에 의해 재발굴 되어서 아나키스트들 사이에 대대적으로 보급되었다. 존 베벌리 로빈슨(John Beverley Robinson)은 “에고이즘”이라는 에세이에서 다음과 같이 주장했다. “슈티르너와 니체에 의해 제시되고 입센과 쇼를 비롯한 여러 이들에 의해 설명된 현대 에고이즘은 그 이상의 것이다. 이것은 개인을 개인으로서 깨닫는 것이다. 그들이 격정하는 한, 그들은 유일한 개인이다."<sup id="cite_ref-robinson_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robinson-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 니체와 슈티르너는 프랑스의 문학계 아나키스트들에 의해 자주 비교 되었으며 니체에 대한 아나키스트적 해석은 미국에서도 상당한 영향력이 있었다.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_ae_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_ae-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 에고이즘에 집착하는 아나키스트들로는 벤자민 터커, 에밀 아망드, 존 베벌리 로빈슨, 아돌프 브랜드, 스티븐 T. 바잉턴(Steven T. Byington), <a href="/wiki/%EB%A0%8C%EC%A1%B0_%EB%85%B8%EB%B0%94%ED%86%A0%EB%A0%88" title="렌조 노바토레">렌조 노바토레</a>, 제임스 L. 워커(James L. Walker), 엔리코 아리고니( Enrico Arrigoni), 비오필로 판클라스타(Biofilo Panclasta), 준 츠지(Jun Tsuji), 장 르네 솔리에르(Jean-René Saulière) 같은 이들이 있었고, 현대인들로는 하킴 베이( Hakim Bey), <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%A5_%EB%B8%94%EB%9E%99" title="밥 블랙">밥 블랙</a>, 울피 랜드스트라이커(Wolfi Landstreicher) 같은 이들이 있다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="실존주의"><span id=".EC.8B.A4.EC.A1.B4.EC.A3.BC.EC.9D.98"></span><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A4%EC%A1%B4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="실존주의">실존주의</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=14" title="부분 편집: 실존주의"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>실존주의는 그 교리에 여러 차이가 있을 수 있지만<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 일반적으로 개인의 존재 조건과 감정, 행동, 책임 그리고 사고에 집중하는 철학들을 일컫는 말이다.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 19세기 초반 철학자 <a href="/wiki/%EC%87%A0%EB%A0%8C_%ED%82%A4%EB%A5%B4%EC%BC%80%EA%B3%A0%EB%A5%B4" title="쇠렌 키르케고르">쇠렌 키르케고르</a>는 훗날 실존주의의 아버지로 간주되는데<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 그는 개인은 절망, 불안, 부조리, 소외 그리고 지루함에 이루기까지 많은 실존의 장애물과 불화에도 불구하고, 자신의 삶에 의미를 부여하고 그 삶을 열정적이고 진실되게 살아갈 책임이 있다고 주장했다.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>이후 나타난 실존주의 철학들은 개인에 중심을 두지만 그것들은 다양한 각도에서 차이가 존재한다. 이런 차이에는 성취있는 삶을 구성하는 것은 무엇인가, 무엇이 극복되어야할 장애물인가, 어떤 내외부적 요인이 관련되어 있는가, 신은 존재하는(유신론적 실존주의)가<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 그렇지 않는가(무신론적 실존주의)<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 등이 있다. 많은 실존주의 철학자들은 전통적 체계적 혹은 학계의 철학이 스타일과 내용 모두에 있어서 추상적이고 실제 인간의 경험과는 거리가 먼 것으로 간주했다.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 실존주의는 2차대전 이후 인간 개성과 자유의 중요성을 재확인하는 방법으로 유행하게 된다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="자유사상"><span id=".EC.9E.90.EC.9C.A0.EC.82.AC.EC.83.81"></span><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%82%AC%EC%83%81" title="자유사상">자유사상</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=15" title="부분 편집: 자유사상"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>자유사상이란 사람이 지식과 이성에서 비롯되지 않은 그저 진리로서 여겨지는 관념을 받아들여서는 안된다는 입장이다. 그러므로 자유사상가들은 논리적 오류, 권위에 의한 지식의 제한, <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%95%EC%A6%9D%ED%8E%B8%ED%96%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="확증편향">확증편향</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EC%A7%80%ED%8E%B8%ED%96%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="인지편향">인지편향</a>, 사회적 통념, <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%A4%91%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94" title="대중문화">대중문화</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%B8%EA%B2%AC" title="편견">편견</a>, 종파주의, 전통과 도시전설을 비롯된 모든 도그마에서 거리를 두고 사실과 과학적 연구, 논리적 원칙을 기반으로 한 의견을 세우고자 노력한다. 종교에 대하여, 자유사상가들은 초자연적 현상의 존재를 과학적으로 입증할 증거가 불충분하다고 주장한다.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="인본주의"><span id=".EC.9D.B8.EB.B3.B8.EC.A3.BC.EC.9D.98"></span><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%B3%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="인본주의">인본주의</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=16" title="부분 편집: 인본주의"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>인본주의는 인간의 존엄성, 관심사, 역량, 이성을 중시하는 다양한 윤리적 입장을 의미한다. 이 용어에는 많은 의미가 있지만, 초자연적인 것과 대조되거나 권위에 호소하는 것 등에 집중할 때, 많은 의미가 파생된다.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 19세기부터 인본주의는 18세기 계몽주의 철학의 유산을 물려받아 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EA%B5%90%EA%B6%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="반교권주의">반교권 운동</a>과 연관되어왔다. 21세기엔 인본주의는 재생산의 권리, 성평등, 사회 정의 그리고 정교 분리와 같은 인권 문제를 강하게 지지하는 경향을 가지고 있다. 이 용어는 조직화된 비신학전 신앙(종교적 인본주의), 세속적 인본주의 그리고 인본주의적인 삶을 가리키기도 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="쾌락주의"><span id=".EC.BE.8C.EB.9D.BD.EC.A3.BC.EC.9D.98"></span><a href="/wiki/%EC%BE%8C%EB%9D%BD%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="쾌락주의">쾌락주의</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=17" title="부분 편집: 쾌락주의"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>쾌락주의는 기쁨만이 본질적으로 선한 것이며 고통만이 본질적으로 나쁜 것이라고 주장하는 가치에 대한 메타 윤리 이론이다.<sup id="cite_ref-stanford_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stanford-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 쾌락주의적 사상의 기본적인 아이디어는 기쁨만(모든 본질적으로 바람직한 감정에 대한 포괄적인 용어)이 그자체로 혹은 본질적으로 선이라는 것이다. 이것은 특정 행위가 그것이 만들어 내는 고통보다 더 많은 기쁨을 만들 경우에 도덕적 가치를 둔다는 것을 암시한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="자유분방주의(Libertinism)"><span id=".EC.9E.90.EC.9C.A0.EB.B6.84.EB.B0.A9.EC.A3.BC.EC.9D.98.28Libertinism.29"></span>자유분방주의(Libertinism)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=18" title="부분 편집: 자유분방주의(Libertinism)"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>탕아(libertine)는 사회에서 수용되는 도덕과 거대 사회가 찬미하는 행동 형태와 같은 대부분의 도덕적 제약을 무시하거나 떨쳐내 버리는 사람을 의미한다.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 탕아는 감각을 통해 경험한 물질적 쾌략을 중시한다. 철학으로서 자유분방주의(Libertinism)는 특히 프랑스와 영국에서 17세기, 18세기 19세기에 새로운 지지자들을 얻었다. 이 중 주목할만한 사람들로는 존 윌모트(John Wilmot), <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4_%EB%93%9C_%EC%82%AC%EB%93%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="마르키 드 사드">마르키 드 사드</a> 같은 이들이 있다. 바로크 시대 프랑스엔 libertinage érudit라고 알려진 자유사상가들의 서클이 있었는데 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%98_%EB%85%B8%EB%8D%B0" title="가브리엘 노데">가브리엘 노데</a>, 엘리 디오다티(Élie Diodati), 프랑수아 드 라 모트 르 바이에르(François de La Mothe Le Vayer) 같은 이들이 관련되어 있었다.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 비평가 비비안 데 솔라 핀토(Vivian de Sola Pinto)는 윌 모트의 자유분방주의를 <a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A4_%ED%99%89%EC%8A%A4" title="토머스 홉스">홉스주의</a>의 유물론과 연관시켰다.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="객관주의"><span id=".EA.B0.9D.EA.B4.80.EC.A3.BC.EC.9D.98"></span><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%9D%EA%B4%80%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="객관주의">객관주의</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=19" title="부분 편집: 객관주의"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>객관주의는 철학자이자 소설가인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B8_%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C" title="아인 랜드">아인 랜드</a>에 의해 탄생한 철학 체계로, 현실은 의식에서 독립적으로 존재한다고 주장한다. 인간은 귀납적이고 연역적인 논리 개념 형성 과정을 통해 합리적인 지식을 얻으며, 사람 자신의 삶의 도덕적 목적이란 자신의 행복이나 합리적 이기심을 추구하는 것이다. 랜드는 이런 도덕 관념에 부합하는 유일한 사회 제도는 개인의 권리에 대한 완전한 존중이며, 이것은 순수한 자유방임 자본주의에 의해 구체화 된다고 여겼다. 여기서 인간 삶에서의 예술의 역할은 현실을 선택적 재현하여 인간의 넓은 형이상학적 관념을 그가 이해할 수 있고 감정적으로 반응할 수 있는 물리적 형태의 예술작품으로 변형시키는 것이다. 객관주의는 인간을 그 자신의 영웅으로서 찬미한다. “그의 삶의 도덕적 목적으로서의 자신의 행복이며, 그의 고귀한 활동으로서의 생산적인 성취자 그리고 그의 유일하게 절대적인 이유.”<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="철학적_아나키즘"><span id=".EC.B2.A0.ED.95.99.EC.A0.81_.EC.95.84.EB.82.98.ED.82.A4.EC.A6.98"></span>철학적 아나키즘</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=20" title="부분 편집: 철학적 아나키즘"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>철학적 아나키즘은 아나키스트 사상중에서<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 다른이들과 마찬가지로 국가는 도덕적 정당성이 없다고 주장하지만, 혁명적 아나키스트들과 같이 폭력적 혁명을 통한 국가의 제거를 추구하지 않으며, 대신 그것을 제거하기 위한 평화적인 진화를 옹호한다.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="주관주의"><span id=".EC.A3.BC.EA.B4.80.EC.A3.BC.EC.9D.98"></span>주관주의</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=21" title="부분 편집: 주관주의"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>주관주의는 주관적인 경험에 대한 우선권을 모든 척도와 법칙의 근본으로서 삼는 철학적 신조다. 유아론과 같은 극단적인 형태의 경우, 모든 물체의 본질과 존재가 어떤 사람의 주관적인 인식에 달려있다고 주장한다. 예를 들어서, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%ED%8A%B8%EA%B2%90%EC%8A%88%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="비트겐슈타인">비트겐슈타인</a>은 논리철학논고에서 다음과 같이 언급한 적이 있다. “주관은 세계에 속하지 않으며, 세계의 한계다”(proposition5.632). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="유아론"><span id=".EC.9C.A0.EC.95.84.EB.A1.A0"></span><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%95%84%EB%A1%A0" title="유아론">유아론</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=22" title="부분 편집: 유아론"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>유아론(Solipsism)은 오직 그 자신의 정신만이 존재한다고 주장하는 철학적 관념이다. 이 용어는 라틴어 solus(혼자)와 ipse(자신)에서 비롯되었다. 인식론적 입장에서의 유아론은 자기 정신 밖의 어떤 지식도 확실하지 않다고 주장한다. 외부 세계와 타자의 정신을 알 수 없으며, 정신 밖에 있는 것으로서 존재하지 않을 지도 모른다. 형이상학적 의미에서 유아론은 더욱 나아가서 세상과 다른 정신은 존재하지 않는다고 주장한다. 이런 이유로 이것은 그 자체의 가정에 의해 같은 방식으로 반박할 수 없고 비판할 수 없는 유일한 인식론적 입장이다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="경제적_개인주의"><span id=".EA.B2.BD.EC.A0.9C.EC.A0.81_.EA.B0.9C.EC.9D.B8.EC.A3.BC.EC.9D.98"></span>경제적 개인주의</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=23" title="부분 편집: 경제적 개인주의"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>경제적 개인주의는 관련된 개인이 경제적 의사결정을 할 때 외부의 강제력에서 벗어난 자율성이 있어야 한다고 주장하는 신조다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="자유주의_2"><span id=".EC.9E.90.EC.9C.A0.EC.A3.BC.EC.9D.98_2"></span>자유주의</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=24" title="부분 편집: 자유주의"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>고전적 자유주의는 19세기 영국, 서유럽, 미국 등지에서 개발된 정치 이론이다. 이것은 개인의 자유와 대중 정부에 대한 헌신에서 자유주의의 초기 형태를 따르지만, 자유 시장과 고전 경제학에 대한 헌신에서 자유주의의 초기 형태와 구별된다.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 주목할만한 19세기 고전적 자유주의자들로는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EB%B0%94%ED%8B%B0%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%84%B8" title="장바티스트 세">장바티스트 세</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A7%AC%EC%84%9C%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="토마스 맬서스">토마스 맬서스</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%EB%93%9C_%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%8F%84" class="mw-redirect" title="데이비드 리카르도">데이비드 리카르도</a> 같은 이들이 있다. 고전적 자유주의는 20세기에 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%ED%8A%B8%EB%B9%84%ED%9E%88_%ED%8F%B0_%EB%AF%B8%EC%A0%9C%EC%8A%A4" title="루트비히 폰 미제스">루트비히 폰 미제스</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%ED%9E%88_%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%97%90%ED%81%AC" title="프리드리히 하이에크">프리드리히 하이에크</a>에 의해 부활했으며, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%80%ED%84%B4_%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C%EB%A7%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="밀턴 프리드만">밀턴 프리드만</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EB%85%B8%EC%A7%81" title="로버트 노직">로버트 노직</a>, 로렌 로마스키(Loren Lomasky), 잔 나비슨(Jan Narveson)에 의해 더욱 개발되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 고전적 자유주의란 용어는 20세기 이전의 모든 자유주의들을 포괄하는 용어로 사용되기도 한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="개인주의적_아나키즘과_경제"><span id=".EA.B0.9C.EC.9D.B8.EC.A3.BC.EC.9D.98.EC.A0.81_.EC.95.84.EB.82.98.ED.82.A4.EC.A6.98.EA.B3.BC_.EA.B2.BD.EC.A0.9C"></span>개인주의적 아나키즘과 경제</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=25" title="부분 편집: 개인주의적 아나키즘과 경제"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>개인주의적 아나키즘의 경제관에는 상호주의(<a href="/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B4%EC%A1%B0%EC%A0%9C%ED%94%84_%ED%94%84%EB%A3%A8%EB%8F%99" title="피에르조제프 프루동">피에르조제프 프루동</a>, 에밀 아망드, 초기 벤자민 터커), 자연권 입장(초기 벤자민 터커, 라이샌더 스푸너, 조시아 워렌) 그리고 에고이스트로서 사유재산과 시장을 유령으로서 부정하는 입장(<a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%89%EC%8A%A4_%EC%8A%88%ED%8B%B0%EB%A5%B4%EB%84%88" title="막스 슈티르너">막스 슈티르너</a>, 존 헨리 맥케이, <a href="/wiki/%EB%A0%88%ED%94%84_%EC%B2%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%8B%88" title="레프 체르니">레프 체르니</a>, 후기 벤자민 터커, <a href="/wiki/%EB%A0%8C%EC%A1%B0_%EB%85%B8%EB%B0%94%ED%86%A0%EB%A0%88" title="렌조 노바토레">렌조 노바토레</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EA%B1%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%A6%98" title="일리걸리즘">일리걸리즘</a>)이 존재한다. 현대 개인주의적 아나키스트인 케빈 카슨(Kevin Carson)은 미국 개인주의적 아나키즘의 특징을 다음과 같이 묘사했다. “다른 사회주의 운동들과는 달리, 개인주의적 아나키스트들은 자유시장에서의 자연적인 임금은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99%EA%B0%80%EC%B9%98%EB%A1%A0" title="노동가치론">그 노동의 생산물</a>이라고 믿었다. 그리고 경제적 착취는 오직 자본주의자와 임대주들이 그들의 이익을 지키기 위해 국가의 권력을 이용할 때만이 나타나는 것 이라고 간주했다. 그러므로 개인주의적 아나키즘은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="국가주의">국가주의</a>를 강화시키는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="국가사회주의">주류 사회주의 운동</a>과 대기업의 횡포에 대한 단순한 변명만을 일삼는 고전적 자유주의 운동에 대한 대안이였다.”<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="상호주의"><span id=".EC.83.81.ED.98.B8.EC.A3.BC.EC.9D.98"></span><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_(%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0)" title="상호주의 (경제이론)">상호주의</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=26" title="부분 편집: 상호주의"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>상호주의(Mutualism)는 프루동의 저작에서 비롯된 아나키스트 사상 중의 하나이며, 각 개인이 개인적으로든 집단적으로든 생산수단을 소유한 사회를 옹호하며 노동가치론에 기반을 둔 자유시장을 주장한다.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이 계획의 필수 요소에는 생산 비용을 충당할 수 있는 최소 이자율로만 생산자에게 빌려주는 상호 신용 은행의 설립이 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 상호주의는 노동가치론에 기반하기에, 교환에 있어서 “생산하는데 있어서 정확히 비슷하고 동등한 유용성이 필요한” 물건이나 서비스를 제공 받아야 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 그것보다 적다면 그들은 이를 착취, 도둑질, 고리대금업으로 간주한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="자유지상주의적_사회주의"><span id=".EC.9E.90.EC.9C.A0.EC.A7.80.EC.83.81.EC.A3.BC.EC.9D.98.EC.A0.81_.EC.82.AC.ED.9A.8C.EC.A3.BC.EC.9D.98"></span><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A7%80%EC%83%81%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%A0%81_%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자유지상주의적 사회주의">자유지상주의적 사회주의</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=27" title="부분 편집: 자유지상주의적 사회주의"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>자유지상적 사회주의</b>(自由至上的社會主義, Libertarian socialism, 혹은 사회주의적 자유지상주의 또는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%8C%ED%8C%8C_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A7%80%EC%83%81%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="좌파 자유지상주의">좌파 자유지상주의</a>)란 국가에 의한 중앙 집권적 국가 소유화와 경제 통제 그리고 국가마저 거부하는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EA%B6%8C%EC%9C%84%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="반권위주의">반권위주의</a>적 정치철학적 그룹을 일컫는다. 이들은 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wage_slavery" class="extiw" title="en:Wage slavery">직장에서의 임금 노동 관계</a>를 비판한다. 이들은 대신 <a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99%EC%9E%90_%EC%9E%90%EC%A3%BC%EA%B2%BD%EC%98%81" class="mw-redirect" title="노동자 자주경영">직장의 노동자 자주 관리</a>와 정치 조직의 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decentralization" class="extiw" title="en:Decentralization">분권화</a>를 강조한다. 이들은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EC%82%B0%EC%88%98%EB%8B%A8" title="생산수단">생산수단</a>을 통제하는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B6%8C%EC%9C%84%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="권위주의">권위주의</a>적 기관과 대중을 종속시키는 소유 계급, 정치적, 경제적 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%98%EB%A6%AC%ED%8A%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="엘리트">엘리트</a>들의 제거를 통해 평등하고 정의로운 사회를 달성할 수 있다고 생각한다. 자유지상적 사회주의자들은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%81%EC%A0%91_%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="직접 민주주의">직접 민주주의</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EB%B0%A9%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="연방주의">연방주의</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80_%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9" title="국가 연합">연합</a> 등을 바탕으로 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decentralization" class="extiw" title="en:Decentralization">분권화</a>된 구조의 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/libertarian_municipalism" class="extiw" title="en:libertarian municipalism">자유지상적 자치주의</a>나 시민 어셈블리 <a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99_%EC%A1%B0%ED%95%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="노동 조합">노동 조합</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99%EC%9E%90_%ED%8F%89%EC%9D%98%ED%9A%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="노동자 평의회">노동자 평의회</a> 등을 옹호한다.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이 모든 것들은 인간의 삶에서 모든 불합리한 권위를 해체하는 것을 통하여<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iaf-ifa.org_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaf-ifa.org-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ward_1966_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ward_1966-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0" title="자유">자유</a><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 그리고 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9%EB%A1%A0" title="자유연합론">자발적 인간 관계등을</a><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 목표로한다. </p><p>과거와 오늘날의 자유지상적 사회주의의 운동들은 일반적으로 아나키즘을 포함(특히 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%EB%A5%B4%EC%BD%94%EA%B3%B5%EC%82%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="아나르코공산주의">아나코 코뮤니즘</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%ED%95%98%EC%9D%BC_%EB%B0%94%EC%BF%A0%EB%8B%8C" title="미하일 바쿠닌">아나코 콜렉티비즘</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%EB%A5%B4%EC%BD%94_%EC%83%9D%EB%94%94%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%A6%98" class="mw-redirect" title="아나르코 생디칼리즘">아나코 생디칼리즘</a><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 그리고 <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98_(%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0)" title="상호주의 (경제이론)">상호주의 아나키즘</a><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)하며, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자율주의">자율주의</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/communalism" class="extiw" title="en:communalism">코뮤널리즘</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participism" class="extiw" title="en:Participism">참여주의</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guild_socialism" class="extiw" title="en:Guild socialism">길드 사회주의</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 혁명적 생디칼리즘 그리고 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%89%EC%9D%98%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="평의회주의">의회 공산주의</a>나<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EB%A3%A9%EC%85%88%EB%B6%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="룩셈부르크주의">룩셈부르크주의</a> 같은<sup id="cite_ref-Graham-2005_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graham-2005-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%A0%81_%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%8A%A4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="자유주의적 마르크스주의">자유지상적 맑시즘</a> 등을 포함하며, 몇몇의 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%83%81%EC%A0%81_%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="공상적 사회주의">공상적 사회주의</a>와<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 개인주의적 아나키즘을 포괄한다.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="좌파_자유지상주의"><span id=".EC.A2.8C.ED.8C.8C_.EC.9E.90.EC.9C.A0.EC.A7.80.EC.83.81.EC.A3.BC.EC.9D.98"></span><a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%8C%ED%8C%8C_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A7%80%EC%83%81%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="좌파 자유지상주의">좌파 자유지상주의</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=28" title="부분 편집: 좌파 자유지상주의"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>좌파 자유지상주의는<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>주석 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 개인의 자유와 함께 사회적 평등을 강조한다. 좌파 자유지상주의자들은 우파 자유지상주의자들과 달리, 천연자원에 노동력을 합치는 것이 완전한 사유재산권을 형성하지는 못한다고 믿는다.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-narveson_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-narveson-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 그들은 천연자원이 평등주의적인 형태로 누구도 소유해선 안되거나 공유되어야 한다고 주장한다.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>사유재산권을 지지하는 좌파 자유지상주의자들은 지역 사회에 보상을 제공한다는 제약아래 그런 입장을 취한다.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclolib_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclolib-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>좌파 자유지상주의라는 용어는 다음과 같은 사상들을 지칭할 수 있다. </p> <ul><li>사회주의 운동에서의 다양한 반권위주의 좌익정치, 즉 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A7%80%EC%83%81%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%A0%81_%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자유지상주의적 사회주의">자유지상주의적 사회주의</a><sup id="cite_ref-bookchinreader_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bookchinreader-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>지공자유지상주의(Geolibertarianism) <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A7%80%EC%83%81%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자유지상주의">자유지상주의</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B3%B5%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="지공주의">지공주의</a>의 혼합<sup id="cite_ref-progress.org_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-progress.org-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>스타이너-발렌타인(Steiner–Vallentyne) 학파, 지지자들은 고전적 자유주의나 시장 자유의 전제로부터 평등주의적 결론을 이끌어낸다.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>좌익 시장 아나키즘(Left-wing market anarchism), 국가가 제공하는 특권에서 벗어난 반자본주의적인 해방된 시장(freed markets) 강조<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="우파_자유지상주의"><span id=".EC.9A.B0.ED.8C.8C_.EC.9E.90.EC.9C.A0.EC.A7.80.EC.83.81.EC.A3.BC.EC.9D.98"></span><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%ED%8C%8C_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A7%80%EC%83%81%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="우파 자유지상주의">우파 자유지상주의</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=29" title="부분 편집: 우파 자유지상주의"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>우파 자유지상주의라는 용어는 비집산주의적 자유지상주의(좌파 자유지상주의와 대조되는)를 의미하거나<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 주류 자유지상주의에 의해 “우익”이라고 꼬리표가 붙여지는 “자유지상주의적 보수주의” 같은 여러 자유지상주의 경향을 의미한다. </p><p>스탠포드 철학 백과사전은 이것을 “우파 자유지상주의’’라고 부르지만, 다음과 같이 명시한다. “<a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A7%80%EC%83%81%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자유지상주의">자유지상주의</a>는 자주 우익의 사상으로 간주된다. 하지만 이는 최소한 두가지 이유에서 오류이다. 첫번째로, 경제보다 사회 이슈에 있어서 자유지상주의는 좌익적 경향을 나타낸다. 이것은 합의를 일부 제한하는 법을 반대하며 성인들 간의 사적인 성관계(동성 섹스, 혼외 섹스, 특이한 섹스 등)와 약물 사용을 일부 제한하는 법을 반대하고, 개인에게 종교적 견해나 관행을 강제하는 법에 반대하며, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%95%EB%B3%91%EC%A0%9C" title="징병제">징병제</a>를 반대한다. 둘째로, 미국에서 잘 알려진 우파 자유지상주의 이외에 좌파 자유지상주의가 존재한다는 것이다. 이 둘 모두 자기소유를 지지하지만, 천연자원(토지, 공기, 물 등)이 어떻게 소유되는가에 대하여 다른 견해를 가진다.”<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="한국에서의_개인주의"><span id=".ED.95.9C.EA.B5.AD.EC.97.90.EC.84.9C.EC.9D.98_.EA.B0.9C.EC.9D.B8.EC.A3.BC.EC.9D.98"></span>한국에서의 개인주의</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=30" title="부분 편집: 한국에서의 개인주의"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD" title="한국">한국</a>에서는 개인주의나 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="이기주의">이기주의</a>에 대한 부정적인 인식이 강하다. 이는 20세기 초까지 존속했던 왕조 체제, <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="성리학">성리학</a>적 세계관, <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%95%EC%A0%95%ED%9D%AC" title="박정희">박정희</a>의 민족국가 지상주의적 사고방식 등의 영향이기도 하다. </p><p>한국학자 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%95%EB%85%B8%EC%9E%90" title="박노자">박노자</a>는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%95%EC%A0%95%ED%9D%AC" title="박정희">박정희</a>의 국가주의적 사고방식<sup id="cite_ref-hani_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hani-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 제국주의에 대한 패배의식, 개인주의에 대한 비틀린 인식 등 때문에 개인주의가 부정적인 것처럼 묘사되었다고 주장했다. 박노자의 주장은 다음과 같다.<sup id="cite_ref-hani_146-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hani-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>제국주의에 대한 패배의식은 더 큰 문제를 몰고 왔다. 초기 개화파들 가운데 일부는 인권과 자유와 평등 등을 근대화의 지표로 받아들였지만, 이들의 관심은 곧바로 국가와 국민 같은 ‘집단’으로 기울었다. 제국의 힘에 대항하려면 국가의 힘을 키우고 국민을 훈육하는 ‘부국강병’의 길밖에 없다는 생각이 ‘자연스럽게’ 따라왔던 것이다. 그리하여 국민의 썩은 정신을 뜯어고치지 않고는 독립도 자주도 없다는 이광수류의 민족개조론, 그러니까 끝내는 광적인 친일로 빠져들 지적 사생아가 태어났다. 국가와 민족을 들먹이며 근대화 기수로 나섰던 박정희의 국가주의적 사고방식이 여기에 닿아 있음은 물론이다.<sup id="cite_ref-hani_146-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hani-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>박노자는 또한 좌파든 우파든 개인주의를 비정상적인 것처럼 몰고 왔다고도 지적했다. 박노자는 "우파든 좌파든 영향력 있는 주요 논객들은 개인주의를 비사회적이거나 반사회적인 현상으로 보는 것이 훨씬 더 일반적인 분위기였다.<sup id="cite_ref-hani_146-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hani-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 가령, 초기 마르크스주의자였던 박영희는 좌익적 잡지였던 <개벽>의 1924년 7월호에 쓴 글에서 개인주의를 극단적 이기주의, 반사회적 자기중심주의와 동일시했다. 그에게 남편과 아이를 버리고 집을 나간 <인형의 집>의 노라는 ‘패륜’의 대명사일 뿐이었다<sup id="cite_ref-hani_146-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hani-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>"라고 말했다. 그리고 박노자는 한국 사회의 대표적인 개인주의자로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A4%EC%B9%98%ED%98%B8" title="윤치호">윤치호</a>를 지목했는데, "일상생활에서 개인주의를 존중했던 윤치호 같은 개화파 지식인들도 정치적 자유를 위한 싸움에는 무감각했고, 결국엔 매판 지식인으로 전락했다. 그 결과, 진정한 개인주의는 유행을 좇고 안일을 옹호하는 사이비 개인주의에 자리를 내주고 말았다<sup id="cite_ref-hani_146-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hani-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>"라고 말했다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=31" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EB%8F%99%EC%B2%B4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="공동체주의">공동체주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자유주의">자유주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%B2%B4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="전체주의">전체주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="국가주의">국가주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="사회주의">사회주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A7%80%EC%83%81%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자유지상주의">자유지상주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%ED%82%A4%EC%A6%98" title="아나키즘">아나키즘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%95%84%EC%A4%91%EC%8B%AC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자아중심주의">자아중심주의</a>(egocentrism)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%95%EB%85%B8%EC%9E%90" title="박노자">박노자</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A4%EC%B9%98%ED%98%B8" title="윤치호">윤치호</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EA%B4%91%EC%88%98" title="마광수">마광수</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%EC%A4%91%EA%B6%8C" title="진중권">진중권</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=32" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-134">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Related, arguably synonymous, terms include <i>libertarianism</i>, <i>left-wing libertarianism</i>, <i>egalitarian-libertarianism</i>, and <i>libertarian socialism</i>. <ul><li>Sundstrom, William A. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/submitted/sundstrom/Sundstrommanifesto.pdf">An Egalitarian-Libertarian Manifesto</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029212045/http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/submitted/sundstrom/Sundstrommanifesto.pdf">보관됨</a> 10월 29, 2013 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a>."</li> <li>Bookchin, Murray and Biehl, Janet (1997). <i>The Murray Bookchin Reader</i>. New York:Cassell. p. 170.</li> <li>Sullivan, Mark A. (July 2003). "Why the Georgist Movement Has Not Succeeded: A Personal Response to the Question Raised by Warren J. Samuels." <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Journal_of_Economics_and_Sociology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Journal of Economics and Sociology (없는 문서)">American Journal of Economics and Sociology</a></i>. 62:3. p. 612.</li></ul> </span></li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="참고_서적"><span id=".EC.B0.B8.EA.B3.A0_.EC.84.9C.EC.A0.81"></span>참고 서적</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&section=33" title="부분 편집: 참고 서적"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>박노자, 《나를 배반한 역사》 (인물과사상사, 2003)</li> <li>박찬욱, 《21세기 미국의 거버넌스》 (서울대학교출판부, 2004)</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r35556958"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-britannica.com-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_1-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_1-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/individualism">"Individualism" on Encyclopædia Britannica Online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellen_Meiksins_Wood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellen Meiksins Wood (없는 문서)">Ellen Meiksins Wood</a>. <i>Mind and Politics: An Approach to the Meaning of Liberal and Socialist Individualism</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_California_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of California Press (없는 문서)">University of California Press</a>. 1972. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r38117996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-520-02029-4" title="특수:책찾기/0-520-02029-4">0-520-02029-4</a>. p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thefreedictionary.com-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-thefreedictionary.com_3-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-thefreedictionary.com_3-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-thefreedictionary.com_3-2">다</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190517010759/http://www.thefreedictionary.com/individualism">“<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>individualism" on The Free Dictionary”</a>. 2019년 5월 17일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/individualism">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2018년 6월 7일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22individualism%22+on+The+Free+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreedictionary.com%2Findividualism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Biddle, Craig. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170612133511/https://www.theobjectivestandard.com/issues/2012-spring/individualism-collectivism/">“Individualism vs. Collectivism: Our Future, Our Choice”</a>. 《The Objective Standard》 <b>7</b> (1). 2017년 6월 12일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theobjectivestandard.com/issues/2012-spring/individualism-collectivism/">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2018년 6월 7일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Objective+Standard&rft.atitle=Individualism+vs.+Collectivism%3A+Our+Future%2C+Our+Choice&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Biddle&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theobjectivestandard.com%2Fissues%2F2012-spring%2Findividualism-collectivism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hayek_1994_17,_37–48-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hayek_1994_17,_37–48_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hayek, F.A. (1994). 《The Road to Serfdom》. United States of America: The University of Chicago Press. 17, 37–48쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-226-32061-8" title="특수:책찾기/0-226-32061-8"><bdi>0-226-32061-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Serfdom&rft.place=United+States+of+America&rft.pages=17%2C+37-48&rft.pub=The+University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-226-32061-8&rft.aulast=Hayek&rft.aufirst=F.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_6-2">다</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L._Susan_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L. Susan Brown (없는 문서)">L. Susan Brown</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Politics_of_Individualism:_Liberalism,_Liberal_Feminism,_and_Anarchism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Politics of Individualism: Liberalism, Liberal Feminism, and Anarchism (없는 문서)">The Politics of Individualism: Liberalism, Liberal Feminism, and Anarchism</a></i>. Black Rose Books Ltd. 1993</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellen_Meiksins_Wood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellen Meiksins Wood (없는 문서)">Ellen Meiksins Wood</a>. <i>Mind and Politics: An Approach to the Meaning of Liberal and Socialist Individualism</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_California_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of California Press (없는 문서)">University of California Press</a>. 1972. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-520-02029-4" title="특수:책찾기/0-520-02029-4">0-520-02029-4</a> pp. 6–7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-doopedia-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-doopedia_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doopedia.co.kr/doopedia/master/master.do?_method=view&MAS_IDX=101013000742065">개인주의</a> 두산백과</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Claeys-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Claeys_9-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Claeys_9-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_Claeys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregory Claeys (없는 문서)">Claeys, Gregory</a> (1986). “<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>Individualism," "Socialism," and "Social Science": Further Notes on a Process of Conceptual Formation, 1800–1850”. 《Journal of the History of Ideas》 (University of Pennsylvania Press) <b>47</b> (1): 81–93. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F2709596">10.2307/2709596</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2709596">2709596</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+History+of+Ideas&rft.atitle=%22Individualism%2C%22+%22Socialism%2C%22+and+%22Social+Science%22%3A+Further+Notes+on+a+Process+of+Conceptual+Formation%2C+1800%E2%80%931850&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=81-93&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2709596&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2709596&rft.au=Claeys%2C+Gregory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swart-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Swart_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Swart, Koenraad W. (1962). “<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>Individualism" in the Mid-Nineteenth Century (1826–1860)”. 《Journal of the History of Ideas》 (University of Pennsylvania Press) <b>23</b> (1): 77–90. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F2708058">10.2307/2708058</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2708058">2708058</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+History+of+Ideas&rft.atitle=%22Individualism%22+in+the+Mid-Nineteenth+Century+%281826%E2%80%931860%29&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=77-90&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2708058&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2708058&rft.au=Swart%2C+Koenraad+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Abbs 1986, cited in Klein 2005, pp. 26–27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Chrysanthemum and the Sword: Patterns of Japanese Culture." Rutland, VT and Tokyo, Japan: Charles E. Tuttle Co. 1954 orig. 1946.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reese-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Reese_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Reese, William L. (1980). 《Dictionary of Philosophy and Religion》 1판. Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey: Humanities Press. 251쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-391-00688-6" title="특수:책찾기/0-391-00688-6"><bdi>0-391-00688-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Philosophy+and+Religion&rft.place=Atlantic+Highlands%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=251&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Humanities+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-391-00688-6&rft.aulast=Reese&rft.aufirst=William+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cambridge-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Cambridge_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Audi, Robert, 편집. (1999). 《The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy》 2판. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 424쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-521-63136-X" title="특수:책찾기/0-521-63136-X"><bdi>0-521-63136-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Dictionary+of+Philosophy&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=424&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-521-63136-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jung1-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-jung1_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jung, C. G. (1962). Symbols of Transformation: An analysis of the prelude to a case of schizophrenia (Vol. 2, R. F. C. Hull, Trans.). New York: Harper & Brothers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jung's_Individuation_process-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Jung's_Individuation_process_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://soultherapynow.com/articles/individuation.html">Jung's Individuation process</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180223145618/http://soultherapynow.com/articles/individuation.html">Archived</a> 2018년 2월 23일 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a> Retrieved on 2009-2-20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilbert_Simondon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilbert Simondon (없는 문서)">Gilbert Simondon</a>. <i>L'individuation psychique et collective</i> (Paris, Aubier, 1989; reprinted in 2007 with a preface by Bernard Stiegler)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tate.org.uk/context-comment/video/bernard-stiegler-culture-and-technology">Bernard Stiegler: Culture and Technology</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151015235753/http://www.tate.org.uk/context-comment/video/bernard-stiegler-culture-and-technology">Archived</a> 2015년 10월 15일 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a>, tate.org.uk, 13 May 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Heath, Joseph (2015년 1월 1일). Zalta, Edward N., 편집. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2015/entries/methodological-individualism/">《The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy》</a>. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University – Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 경유.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.pub=Metaphysics+Research+Lab%2C+Stanford+University&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Farchives%2Fspr2015%2Fentries%2Fmethodological-individualism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/civil%20libertarian?r=14">“the definition of civil libertarian”</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=the+definition+of+civil+libertarian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2Fcivil%2520libertarian%3Fr%3D14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Compass, The Political. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politicalcompass.org/analysis2">“The Political Compass”</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Political+Compass&rft.aulast=Compass&rft.aufirst=The+Political&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpoliticalcompass.org%2Fanalysis2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellen_Meiksins_Wood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellen Meiksins Wood (없는 문서)">Ellen Meiksins Wood</a>. <i>Mind and Politics: An Approach to the Meaning of Liberal and Socialist Individualism</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_California_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of California Press (없는 문서)">University of California Press</a>. 1972. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-520-02029-4" title="특수:책찾기/0-520-02029-4">0-520-02029-4</a>. p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Ancient Chinese Super State of Primary Societies: Taoist Philosophy for the 21st Century, You-Sheng Li, June 2010, p. 300</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marcus Aurelius, <i>Meditations</i>, Oxford University Press, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-19-954059-4" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-19-954059-4">978-0-19-954059-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">John C. Goodman, <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141147/http://www.goodmaninstitute.org/how-we-think/classical-liberalism-vs-modern-liberalism-and-modern-conservatism/">“Classical Liberalism vs Modern Liberalism and Modern Conservatism”</a>. 2018년 6월 12일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goodmaninstitute.org/how-we-think/classical-liberalism-vs-modern-liberalism-and-modern-conservatism/">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2018년 6월 7일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Classical+Liberalism+vs+Modern+Liberalism+and+Modern+Conservatism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goodmaninstitute.org%2Fhow-we-think%2Fclassical-liberalism-vs-modern-liberalism-and-modern-conservatism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-locke-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-locke_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Locke, John (1690). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext05/trgov10h.htm">《Two Treatises of Government (10th edition)》</a>. <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2009년 1월 21일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Two+Treatises+of+Government+%2810th+edition%29&rft.pub=Project+Gutenberg&rft.date=1690&rft.aulast=Locke&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Fdirs%2Fetext05%2Ftrgov10h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul E. Sigmund, editor, <i>The Selected Political Writings of John Locke</i>, Norton, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-393-96451-5" title="특수:책찾기/0-393-96451-5">0-393-96451-5</a> p. iv "(Locke's thoughts) underlie many of the fundamental political ideas of American liberal constitutional democracy...", "At the time Locke wrote, his principles were accepted in theory by a few and in practice by none."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Jefferson, <i>Declaration of Independence</i>, July 4, 1776.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">John Gray, <i>Two Faces of Liberalism</i>, The New Press, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-1-56584-678-4" title="특수:책찾기/978-1-56584-678-4">978-1-56584-678-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-definition-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-definition_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite id="CITEREFMalatesta" class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Errico_Malatesta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Errico Malatesta (없는 문서)">Malatesta, Errico</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121107221404/http://marxists.org/archive/malatesta/1930s/xx/toanarchy.htm">“Towards Anarchism”</a>. 《MAN!》 (Los Angeles: International Group of San Francisco). <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8_%EC%BB%B4%ED%93%A8%ED%84%B0_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C%EA%B4%80_%EC%84%BC%ED%84%B0" title="온라인 컴퓨터 도서관 센터">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/3930443">3930443</a>. 2012년 11월 7일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/malatesta/1930s/xx/toanarchy.htm">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MAN%21&rft.atitle=Towards+Anarchism&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3930443&rft.aulast=Malatesta&rft.aufirst=Errico&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marxists.org%2Farchive%2Fmalatesta%2F1930s%2Fxx%2Ftoanarchy.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <cite id="CITEREFAgrell2007" class="citation journal">Agrell, Siri (2007년 5월 14일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070516094548/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20070514.wxlanarchist14/BNStory/lifeWork/home">“Working for The Man”</a>. 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Globe_and_Mail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Globe and Mail (없는 문서)">The Globe and Mail</a>》. 2007년 5월 16일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20070514.wxlanarchist14/BNStory/lifeWork/home/">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2008년 4월 14일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Working+for+The+Man&rft.date=2007-05-14&rft.aulast=Agrell&rft.aufirst=Siri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fservlet%2Fstory%2FRTGAM.20070514.wxlanarchist14%2FBNStory%2FlifeWork%2Fhome%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061214085638/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9117285">“Anarchism”</a>. 《Encyclopædia Britannica》. Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. 2006. 2006년 12월 14일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9117285">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2006년 8월 29일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Anarchism&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Farticle-9117285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <cite id="CITEREF2005" class="citation journal">“Anarchism”. 《The Shorter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (없는 문서)">Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a>》: 14. 2005. <q>Anarchism is the view that a society without the state, or government, is both possible and desirable.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Shorter+Routledge+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Anarchism&rft.pages=14&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> The following sources cite anarchism as a political philosophy: <cite class="citation book">Mclaughlin, Paul (2007). 《Anarchism and Authority》. Aldershot: Ashgate. 59쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-7546-6196-2" title="특수:책찾기/0-7546-6196-2"><bdi>0-7546-6196-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchism+and+Authority&rft.place=Aldershot&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=0-7546-6196-2&rft.aulast=Mclaughlin&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <cite class="citation book">Johnston, R. (2000). 《The Dictionary of Human Geography》. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers. 24쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-631-20561-6" title="특수:책찾기/0-631-20561-6"><bdi>0-631-20561-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dictionary+of+Human+Geography&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishers&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-631-20561-6&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-slevin-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-slevin_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Slevin, Carl. "Anarchism." <i>The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics</i>. Ed. Iain McLean and Alistair McMillan. Oxford University Press, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"ANARCHISM, a social philosophy that rejects authoritarian government and maintains that voluntary institutions are best suited to express man's natural social tendencies." George Woodcock. "Anarchism" at The Encyclopedia of Philosophy</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"In a society developed on these lines, the voluntary associations which already now begin to cover all the fields of human activity would take a still greater extension so as to substitute themselves for the state in all its functions." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Petr_Kropotkin___Anarchism__from_the_Encyclopaedia_Britannica.html">Peter Kropotkin. "Anarchism" from the Encyclopædia Britannica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120106164839/http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Petr_Kropotkin___Anarchism__from_the_Encyclopaedia_Britannica.html">Archived</a> 2012년 1월 6일 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Anarchism." The Shorter Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2005. p. 14 "Anarchism is the view that a society without the state, or government, is both possible and desirable."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sheehan, Sean. Anarchism, London: Reaktion Books Ltd., 2004. p. 85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Anarchists do reject the state, as we will see. But to claim that this central aspect of anarchism is definitive is to sell anarchism short."<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kkj5i3CeGbQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Anarchism and Authority: A Philosophical Introduction to Classical Anarchism</i> by Paul McLaughlin. AshGate. 2007. p. 28</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iaf-ifa.org-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-iaf-ifa.org_37-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-iaf-ifa.org_37-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">"The <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_of_Anarchist_Federations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International of Anarchist Federations (없는 문서)">IAF - IFA</a> fights for : the abolition of all forms of authority whether economical, political, social, religious, cultural or sexual."<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaf-ifa.org/principles/english.html">"Principles of The [[International of Anarchist Federations</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120105000000/http://www.iaf-ifa.org/principles/english.html">Archived</a> 2012년 1월 5일 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a>]"]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Authority is defined in terms of the right to exercise social control (as explored in the "sociology of power") and the correlative duty to obey (as explored in the "philosophy of practical reason"). Anarchism is distinguished, philosophically, by its scepticism towards such moral relations – by its questioning of the claims made for such normative power – and, practically, by its challenge to those "authoritative" powers which cannot justify their claims and which are therefore deemed illegitimate or without moral foundation."<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kkj5i3CeGbQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Anarchism and Authority: A Philosophical Introduction to Classical Anarchism</i> by Paul McLaughlin. AshGate. 2007. p. 1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_39-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Anarchism, then, really stands for the liberation of the human mind from the dominion of religion; the liberation of the human body from the dominion of property; liberation from the shackles and restraint of government. Anarchism stands for a social order based on the free grouping of individuals for the purpose of producing real social wealth; an order that will guarantee to every human being free access to the earth and full enjoyment of the necessities of life, according to individual desires, tastes, and inclinations." <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emma_Goldman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emma Goldman (없는 문서)">Emma Goldman</a>. "What it Really Stands for Anarchy" in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarchism_and_Other_Essays&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anarchism and Other Essays (없는 문서)">Anarchism and Other Essays</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Individualist anarchist Benjamin Tucker defined anarchism as opposition to authority as follows "They found that they must turn either to the right or to the left, – follow either the path of Authority or the path of Liberty. Marx went one way; Warren and Proudhon the other. Thus were born State Socialism and Anarchism ... Authority, takes many shapes, but, broadly speaking, her enemies divide themselves into three classes: first, those who abhor her both as a means and as an end of progress, opposing her openly, avowedly, sincerely, consistently, universally; second, those who profess to believe in her as a means of progress, but who accept her only so far as they think she will subserve their own selfish interests, denying her and her blessings to the rest of the world; third, those who distrust her as a means of progress, believing in her only as an end to be obtained by first trampling upon, violating, and outraging her. These three phases of opposition to Liberty are met in almost every sphere of thought and human activity. Good representatives of the first are seen in the Catholic Church and the Russian autocracy; of the second, in the Protestant Church and the Manchester school of politics and political economy; of the third, in the atheism of Gambetta and the socialism of Karl Marx." <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Tucker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin Tucker (없는 문서)">Benjamin Tucker</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Benjamin_Tucker__Individual_Liberty.html"><i>Individual Liberty.</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ward_1966-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ward_1966_41-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ward_1966_41-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ward, Colin (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100325081119/http://www.panarchy.org/ward/organization.1966.html">“Anarchism as a Theory of Organization”</a>. 2010년 3월 25일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panarchy.org/ward/organization.1966.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2010년 3월 1일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anarchism+as+a+Theory+of+Organization&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panarchy.org%2Fward%2Forganization.1966.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anarchist historian <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Woodcock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Woodcock (없는 문서)">George Woodcock</a> report of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bakunin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikhail Bakunin (없는 문서)">Mikhail Bakunin</a>'s anti-authoritarianism and shows opposition to both state and non-state forms of authority as follows: "All anarchists deny authority; many of them fight against it." (p. 9) ... Bakunin did not convert the League's central committee to his full program, but he did persuade them to accept a remarkably radical recommendation to the Berne Congress of September 1868, demanding economic equality and implicitly attacking authority in both Church and State."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown_2002_106-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Brown_2002_106_43-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brown, L. Susan (2002). 〈Anarchism as a Political Philosophy of Existential Individualism: Implications for Feminism〉. 《The Politics of Individualism: Liberalism, Liberal Feminism and Anarchism》. Black Rose Books Ltd. Publishing. 106쪽.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anarchism+as+a+Political+Philosophy+of+Existential+Individualism%3A+Implications+for+Feminism&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Individualism%3A+Liberalism%2C+Liberal+Feminism+and+Anarchism&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=Black+Rose+Books+Ltd.+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=L.+Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Various_Authors__Anarchy_and_Organization__The_Debate_at_the_1907_International_Anarchist_Congress.html#toc2">“Anarchy and Organization: The Debate at the 1907 International Anarchist Congress - The Anarchist Library”</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anarchy+and+Organization%3A+The+Debate+at+the+1907+International+Anarchist+Congress+-+The+Anarchist+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theanarchistlibrary.org%2FHTML%2FVarious_Authors__Anarchy_and_Organization__The_Debate_at_the_1907_International_Anarchist_Congress.html%23toc2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ryner-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ryner_45-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"What do I mean by individualism? I mean by individualism the moral doctrine which, relying on no dogma, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loss_of_tradition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loss of tradition (없는 문서)">no tradition</a>, no external determination, appeals only to the individual conscience."<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/ryner/1905/mini-manual.htm"><i>Mini-Manual of Individualism</i> by Han Ryner</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tucker-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-tucker_46-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"I do not admit anything except the existence of the individual, as a condition of his sovereignty. To say that the sovereignty of the individual is conditioned by Liberty is simply another way of saying that it is conditioned by itself." "Anarchism and the State" in <i>Individual Liberty</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Everhart, Robert B. The Public School Monopoly: A Critical Analysis of Education and the State in American Society. Pacific Institute for Public Policy Research, 1982. p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-godwinsep-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-godwinsep_48-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-godwinsep_48-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Philip, Mark (2006년 5월 20일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/godwin/">〈William Godwin〉</a>. Zalta, Edward N.; Nodelman, Uri. 《<a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%A0%ED%8D%BC%EB%93%9C_%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99_%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84" title="스탠퍼드 철학 백과사전">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a>》 (영어).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=William+Godwin&rft.btitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.date=2006-05-20&rft.aulast=Philip&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fgodwin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Adams, Ian. Political Ideology Today. Manchester University Press, 2001. p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Godwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Godwin (없는 문서)">Godwin, William</a> (1796) [1793]. 《Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and its Influence on Modern Morals and Manners》. G.G. and J. Robinson. <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8_%EC%BB%B4%ED%93%A8%ED%84%B0_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C%EA%B4%80_%EC%84%BC%ED%84%B0" title="온라인 컴퓨터 도서관 센터">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/2340417">2340417</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enquiry+Concerning+Political+Justice+and+its+Influence+on+Modern+Morals+and+Manners&rft.pub=G.G.+and+J.+Robinson&rft.date=1796&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2340417&rft.aulast=Godwin&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goodway,_David_2006,_p._99-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Goodway,_David_2006,_p._99_51-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Goodway, David. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarchist_Seeds_Beneath_the_Snow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anarchist Seeds Beneath the Snow (없는 문서)">Anarchist Seeds Beneath the Snow</a>. Liverpool University Press, 2006, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SEP-Stirner-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SEP-Stirner_52-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SEP-Stirner_52-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SEP-Stirner_52-2">다</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Leopold, David (2006년 8월 4일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/max-stirner/">〈Max Stirner〉</a>. Zalta, Edward N.; Nodelman, Uri. 《<a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%A0%ED%8D%BC%EB%93%9C_%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99_%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84" title="스탠퍼드 철학 백과사전">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a>》 (영어).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Max+Stirner&rft.btitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.date=2006-08-04&rft.aulast=Leopold&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fmax-stirner%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Encyclopedia_Americana_p._176-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-The_Encyclopedia_Americana_p._176_53-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-The_Encyclopedia_Americana_p._176_53-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">The Encyclopedia Americana: A Library of Universal Knowledge. Encyclopedia Corporation. p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller,_David_1987._p._11-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Miller,_David_1987._p._11_54-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Miller,_David_1987._p._11_54-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Miller, David. "Anarchism." 1987. <i>The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Political Thought</i>. Blackwell Publishing. p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"What my might reaches is my property; and let me claim as property everything I feel myself strong enough to attain, and let me extend my actual property as fas as <i>I</i> entitle, that is, empower myself to take..." In Ossar, Michael. 1980. <i>Anarchism in the Dramas of Ernst Toller</i>. SUNY Press. p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nyberg, Svein Olav. "The union of egoists" (PDF). Non Serviam. Oslo, Norway: Svein Olav Nyberg. 1: 13–14. OCLC 47758413. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2012. Retrieved 1 September 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas, Paul (1985). Karl Marx and the Anarchists. London: Routledge/Kegan Paul. p. 142. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0710206852" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7102-0685-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-carlson-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-carlson_58-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-carlson_58-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Carlson, Andrew (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081210202509/http://tmh.floonet.net/articles/carlson.html">〈Philosophical Egoism: German Antecedents〉</a>. 《Anarchism in Germany》. Metuchen: Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-8108-0484-0" title="특수:책찾기/0-8108-0484-0"><bdi>0-8108-0484-0</bdi></a>. 2008년 12월 10일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tmh.floonet.net/articles/carlson.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2008년 12월 4일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Philosophical+Egoism%3A+German+Antecedents&rft.btitle=Anarchism+in+Germany&rft.place=Metuchen&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-8108-0484-0&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftmh.floonet.net%2Farticles%2Fcarlson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Slate-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Slate_59-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Palmer, Brian (2010-12-29) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/id/2279457/">What do anarchists want from us?</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Slate.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Slate.com">Slate.com</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bailie20-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bailie20_60-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">William Bailie, <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120204155505/http://libertarian-labyrinth.org/warren/1stAmAnarch.pdf">“Archived copy”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 2012년 2월 4일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libertarian-labyrinth.org/warren/1stAmAnarch.pdf">원본 문서</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2013년 6월 17일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibertarian-labyrinth.org%2Fwarren%2F1stAmAnarch.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <i>Josiah Warren: The First American Anarchist — A Sociological Study</i>, Boston: Small, Maynard & Co., 1906, p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-againstallauthority.org-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-againstallauthority.org_61-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.againstallauthority.org/NativeAmericanAnarchism.html"><i>Native American Anarchism: A Study of Left-Wing American Individualism</i> by Eunice Minette Schuster</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160214000000/http://www.againstallauthority.org/NativeAmericanAnarchism.html">보관됨</a> 2월 14, 2016 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thoreau-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-thoreau_62-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Paralelamente, al otro lado del atlántico, en el diferente contexto de una nación a medio hacer, los Estados Unidos, otros filósofos elaboraron un pensamiento individualista similar, aunque con sus propias especificidades. Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862), uno de los escritores próximos al movimiento de la filosofía trascendentalista, es uno de los más conocidos. Su obra más representativa es Walden, aparecida en 1854, aunque redactada entre 1845 y 1847, cuando Thoreau decide instalarse en el aislamiento de una cabaña en el bosque, y vivir en íntimo contacto con la naturaleza, en una vida de soledad y sobriedad. De esta experiencia, su filosofía trata de transmitirnos la idea que resulta necesario un retorno respetuoso a la naturaleza, y que la felicidad es sobre todo fruto de la riqueza interior y de la armonía de los individuos con el entorno natural. Muchos han visto en Thoreau a uno de los precursores del ecologismo y del anarquismo primitivista representado en la actualidad por Jonh Zerzan. Para George Woodcock, esta actitud puede estar también motivada por una cierta idea de resistencia al progreso y de rechazo al materialismo creciente que caracteriza la sociedad norteamericana de mediados de siglo XIX."<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acracia.org/1-23a58lainsumision.pdf">"Voluntary non-submission. Spanish individualist anarchism during dictatorship and the second republic (1923–1938)"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723130358/http://www.acracia.org/1-23a58lainsumision.pdf">보관됨</a> 7월 23, 2011 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bohemian_individualism-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bohemian_individualism_63-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libcom.org/library/socanlifean2">“2. Individualist Anarchism and Reaction”</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2.+Individualist+Anarchism+and+Reaction&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibcom.org%2Flibrary%2Fsocanlifean2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-freelove-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-freelove_64-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614215038/http://www.ncc-1776.org/tle1996/le961210.html">“The Free Love Movement and Radical Individualism, By Wendy McElroy”</a>. 2011년 6월 14일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncc-1776.org/tle1996/le961210.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2018년 6월 7일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Free+Love+Movement+and+Radical+Individualism%2C+By+Wendy+McElroy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncc-1776.org%2Ftle1996%2Fle961210.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acracia.org/1-23a58lainsumision.pdf">"La insumisión voluntaria: El anarquismo individualista español durante la Dictadura y la Segunda República (1923–1938)" by Xavier Díez</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723130358/http://www.acracia.org/1-23a58lainsumision.pdf">보관됨</a> 7월 23, 2011 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Los anarco-individualistas, G.I.A...Una escisión de la FAI producida en el IX Congreso (Carrara, 1965) se pr odujo cuando un sector de anarquistas de tendencia humanista rechazan la interpretación que ellos juzgan disciplinaria del <i>pacto asociativo" clásico, y crean los GIA (Gruppi di Iniziativa Anarchica) . Esta pequeña federación de grupos, hoy nutrida sobre todo de veteranos anarco-individualistas de orientación pacifista, naturista, etcétera defiende la autonomía personal y rechaza a rajatabla toda forma de intervención en los procesos del sistema, como sería por ejemplo el sindicalismo. Su portavoz es L'Internazionale con sede en Ancona. La escisión de los GIA prefiguraba, en sentido contrario, el gran debate que pronto había de comenzar en el seno del movimiento"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eljorobado.enlucha.info/bicicleta/bicicleta/ciclo/01/17.htm">"El movimiento libertario en Italia" by </a></i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eljorobado.enlucha.info/bicicleta/bicicleta/ciclo/01/17.htm">Bicicleta. REVISTA DE COMUNICACIONES LIBERTARIAS<i> Year 1 No. Noviembre, 1 1977</i></a><i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012054206/http://eljorobado.enlucha.info/bicicleta/bicicleta/ciclo/01/17.htm">보관됨</a> 10월 12, 2013 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-acracia.org-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-acracia.org_67-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Proliferarán así diversos grupos que practicarán el excursionismo, el naturismo, el nudismo, la emancipación sexual o el esperantismo, alrededor de asociaciones informales vinculadas de una manera o de otra al anarquismo. Precisamente las limitaciones a las asociaciones obreras impuestas desde la legislación especial de la Dictadura potenciarán indirectamente esta especie de asociacionismo informal en que confluirá el movimiento anarquista con esta heterogeneidad de prácticas y tendencias. Uno de los grupos más destacados, que será el impulsor de la revista individualista Ética será el Ateneo Naturista Ecléctico, con sede en Barcelona, con sus diferentes secciones la más destacada de las cuales será el grupo excursionista Sol y Vida."<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acracia.org/1-23a58lainsumision.pdf">"La insumisión voluntaria: El anarquismo individualista español durante la Dictadura y la Segunda República (1923–1938)" by Xavier Díez</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723130358/http://www.acracia.org/1-23a58lainsumision.pdf">보관됨</a> 7월 23, 2011 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aujourdhui-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-aujourdhui_68-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Les anarchistes individualistes du début du siècle l'avaient bien compris, et intégraient le naturisme dans leurs préoccupations. Il est vraiment dommage que ce discours se soit peu à peu effacé, d'antan plus que nous assistons, en ce moment, à un retour en force du puritanisme (conservateur par essence)."<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ytak.club.fr/natytak.html">"Anarchisme et naturisme, aujourd'hui." by Cathy Ytak</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090225212442/http://ytak.club.fr/natytak.html">보관됨</a> 2월 25, 2009 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mises.org-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-mises.org_69-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">anne (2014년 7월 30일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/journals/jls/5_3/5_3_4.pdf">“Culture of Individualist Anarchism in Late 19th Century America”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Culture+of+Individualist+Anarchism+in+Late+19th+Century+America&rft.date=2014-07-30&rft.au=anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Fjournals%2Fjls%2F5_3%2F5_3_4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Illegalists-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Illegalists_70-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://recollectionbooks.com/siml/library/illegalistsDougImrie.htm">The "Illegalists"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150908072801/http://recollectionbooks.com/siml/library/illegalistsDougImrie.htm">보관됨</a> 9월 8, 2015 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a>, by Doug Imrie (published by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarchy:_A_Journal_of_Desire_Armed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anarchy: A Journal of Desire Armed (없는 문서)">Anarchy: A Journal of Desire Armed</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Parry,_Richard_1987._p._15-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Parry,_Richard_1987._p._15_71-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Parry, Richard. The Bonnot Gang. Rebel Press, 1987. p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-flag.blackened.net-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-flag.blackened.net_72-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130914032335/http://flag.blackened.net/revolt/hist_texts/wilde_soul.html">“Oscar Wilde essay The soul of man under Socialism”</a>. 2013년 9월 14일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://flag.blackened.net/revolt/hist_texts/wilde_soul.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oscar+Wilde+essay+The+soul+of+man+under+Socialism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fflag.blackened.net%2Frevolt%2Fhist_texts%2Fwilde_soul.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anarchism_1962._p._447-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Anarchism_1962._p._447_73-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Woodcock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Woodcock (없는 문서)">George Woodcock</a>. <i>Anarchism: A History of Libertarian Ideas and Movements.</i> 1962. (p. 447)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanders, Steven M. Is egoism morally defensible? Philosophia. Springer Netherlands. Volume 18, Numbers 2–3 / July 1988</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rachels_2008,_p._534-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rachels_2008,_p._534_75-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rachels 2008, p. 534.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nonserviam-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nonserviam_76-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNyberg" class="citation journal">Nyberg, Svein Olav. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101207042220/http://i-studies.com/journal/n/pdf/nsi-17.pdf">“The union of egoists”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 《Non Serviam》 (Oslo, Norway: Svein Olav Nyberg) <b>1</b>: 13–14. <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8_%EC%BB%B4%ED%93%A8%ED%84%B0_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C%EA%B4%80_%EC%84%BC%ED%84%B0" title="온라인 컴퓨터 도서관 센터">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/47758413">47758413</a>. 7 December 2012에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://i-studies.com/journal/n/pdf/nsi-17.pdf#page=13">원본 문서</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2012에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Non+Serviam&rft.atitle=The+union+of+egoists&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=13-14&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F47758413&rft.aulast=Nyberg&rft.aufirst=Svein+Olav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fi-studies.com%2Fjournal%2Fn%2Fpdf%2Fnsi-17.pdf%23page%3D13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-karl-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-karl_77-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Thomas, Paul (1985). 《Karl Marx and the Anarchists》. London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" class="mw-redirect" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kegan_Paul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kegan Paul (없는 문서)">Kegan Paul</a>. 142쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-7102-0685-2" title="특수:책찾기/0-7102-0685-2"><bdi>0-7102-0685-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Karl+Marx+and+the+Anarchists&rft.place=London&rft.pages=142&rft.pub=Routledge%2FKegan+Paul&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-7102-0685-2&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-robinson-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-robinson_78-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/John_Beverley_Robinson__Egoism.html">“Egoism - The Anarchist Library”</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Egoism+-+The+Anarchist+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheanarchistlibrary.org%2FHTML%2FJohn_Beverley_Robinson__Egoism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref_ae-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ref_ae_79-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">O. Ewald, "German Philosophy in 1907", in The Philosophical Review, Vol. 17, No. 4, Jul., 1908, pp. 400–26; T. A. Riley, "Anti-Statism in German Literature, as Exemplified by the Work of John Henry Mackay", in PMLA, Vol. 62, No. 3, Sep. 1947, pp. 828–43; C. E. Forth, "Nietzsche, Decadence, and Regeneration in France, 1891–95", in Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 54, No. 1, Jan., 1993, pp. 97–117; see also Robert C. Holub's <i>Nietzsche: Socialist, Anarchist, Feminist</i>, an essay available online at the University of California, Berkeley website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Macquarrie, John. <i>Existentialism</i>, New York (1972), pp. 18–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Oxford Companion to Philosophy</i>, ed. Ted Honderich, New York (1995), p. 259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Macquarrie. <i>Existentialism</i>, pp. 14–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cooper, D. E. <i>Existentialism: A Reconstruction</i> (Basil Blackwell, 1999, p. 8)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marino, Gordon. <i>Basic Writings of Existentialism</i> (Modern Library, 2004, pp. ix, 3).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kierkegaard/">http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kierkegaard/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Watts, Michael. <i>Kierkegaard</i> (Oneworld, 2003, pp. 4–6).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lowrie, Walter. <i>Kierkegaard's attack upon "Christendom"</i> (Princeton, 1968, pp. 37–40)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Corrigan, John. <i>The Oxford handbook of religion and emotion</i> (Oxford, 2008, pp. 387–88)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Livingston, James et al. <i>Modern Christian Thought: The Twentieth Century</i> (Fortress Press, 2006, Chapter 5: Christian Existentialism).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-90">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin, Clancy. <i>Religious Existentialism</i> in Companion to Phenomenology and Existentialism (Blackwell, 2006, pp. 188–205)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-91">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert C. Solomon, <i>Existentialism</i> (McGraw-Hill, 1974, pp. 1–2)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">D.E. Cooper <i>Existentialism: A Reconstruction</i> (Basil Blackwell, 1999, p. 8).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-93">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ernst Breisach, <i>Introduction to Modern Existentialism</i>, New York (1962), p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-94">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Walter Kaufmann, <i>Existentialism: From Dostoevesky to Sartre</i>, New York (1956), p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-95">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hastings, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZAwwaxdKMNAC">Encyclopedia of Religion</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-96">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">《Compact Oxford English Dictionary》. Oxford University Press. 2007. <q>humanism <i>n.</i> 1 a rationalistic system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. 2 a Renaissance cultural movement that turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Compact+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> Typically, abridgments of this definition omit all senses except #1, such as in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=38402&dict=CALD">Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031230202029/http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=38402&dict=CALD">Archived</a> 2003년 12월 30일 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/humanism">Collins Essential English Dictionary</a>, and <cite class="citation book">《Webster's Concise Dictionary》. New York: RHR Press. 2001. 177쪽.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Webster%27s+Concise+Dictionary&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=177&rft.pub=RHR+Press&rft.date=2001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-97">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070118050402/http://humaniststudies.org/humphil.html">“Definitions of humanism (subsection)”</a>. Institute for Humanist Studies. 2007년 1월 18일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humaniststudies.org/humphil.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. <span class="nowrap">16 Jan</span> 2007에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definitions+of+humanism+%28subsection%29&rft.pub=Institute+for+Humanist+Studies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhumaniststudies.org%2Fhumphil.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-98">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Edwords, Fred (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100130233229/http://www.americanhumanist.org/who_we_are/about_humanism/What_is_Humanism">“What Is Humanism?”</a>. American Humanist Association. 30 January 2010에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanhumanist.org/who_we_are/about_humanism/What_is_Humanism">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2009에 확인함</span>. <q>Secular and Religious Humanists both share the same worldview and the same basic principles... From the standpoint of philosophy alone, there is no difference between the two. It is only in the definition of religion and in the practice of the philosophy that Religious and Secular Humanists effectively disagree.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Is+Humanism%3F&rft.pub=American+Humanist+Association&rft.date=1989&rft.au=Edwords%2C+Fred&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanhumanist.org%2Fwho_we_are%2Fabout_humanism%2FWhat_is_Humanism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stanford-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-stanford_99-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Moore, Andrew (2013년 1월 1일). Zalta, Edward N., 편집. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2013/entries/hedonism/">《The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy》</a>. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University – Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 경유.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.pub=Metaphysics+Research+Lab%2C+Stanford+University&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Farchives%2Fwin2013%2Fentries%2Fhedonism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-100">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/libertine">“libertine”</a> – The Free Dictionary 경유.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=libertine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreedictionary.com%2Flibertine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-101">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=libertine">“WordNet Search - 3.1”</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WordNet+Search+-+3.1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwordnetweb.princeton.edu%2Fperl%2Fwebwn%3Fs%3Dlibertine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-102">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">René Pintard (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IeL29wMqdbgC&pg=PA11">《Le Libertinage érudit dans la première moitié du XVIIe siècle》</a>. Slatkine. 11쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-2-05-101818-0" title="특수:책찾기/978-2-05-101818-0"><bdi>978-2-05-101818-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 2012년 7월 24일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Libertinage+%C3%A9rudit+dans+la+premi%C3%A8re+moiti%C3%A9+du+XVIIe+si%C3%A8cle&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Slatkine&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-2-05-101818-0&rft.au=Ren%C3%A9+Pintard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIeL29wMqdbgC%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-103">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Amesbury, Richard (2016년 1월 1일). Zalta, Edward N., 편집. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2016/entries/fideism/">《The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy》</a>. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University – Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 경유.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.pub=Metaphysics+Research+Lab%2C+Stanford+University&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.aulast=Amesbury&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Farchives%2Fwin2016%2Fentries%2Ffideism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_104-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/02/20/specials/greene-monkey.html">A Martyr to Sin</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-105">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"About the Author" in <a href="#CITEREFRand1992">Rand 1992</a>, 1170–71쪽<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFRand1992 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-106">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wayne Gabardi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1957102">review</a> of <i>Anarchism</i> by David Miller, published in <i>American Political Science Review</i> Vol. 80, No. 1. (Mar., 1986), pp. 300—02.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-107">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">According to scholar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allan_Antliff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allan Antliff (없는 문서)">Allan Antliff</a>, Benjamin Tucker coined the term "philosophical anarchism," to distinguish peaceful evolutionary anarchism from revolutionary variants. <i>Antliff, Allan. 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dQTk-N4JWbYC&dq=">Anarchist Modernism: Art, Politics, and the First American Avant-Garde</a>. University of Chicago Press. p. 4</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-108">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Hudelson, Richard (1999년 1월 1일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books?id=sq-1z8VMhDEC&lpg=PP1&dq=Modern%20Political%20Philosophy&pg=PA37#v=onepage&q=&f=false">“Modern Political Philosophy”</a>. M.E. Sharpe – Google Books 경유.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Modern+Political+Philosophy&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.aulast=Hudelson&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dsq-1z8VMhDEC%26lpg%3DPP1%26dq%3DModern%2520Political%2520Philosophy%26pg%3DPA37%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-109">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Conway_(academic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Conway (academic) (없는 문서)">David Conway</a>. <i>Classical Liberalism: The Unvanquished Ideal.</i> Palgrave Macmillan. 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-312-21932-1" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-312-21932-1">978-0-312-21932-1</a> p. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-110">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kevin Carson. <i>Organization Theory: A Libertarian Perspective</i>. BOOKSURGE. 2008. p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-111">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mutualist.org/">Mutualist.org Introduction</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-112">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Miller, David. 1987. "Mutualism." The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Political Thought. Blackwell Publishing. p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-113">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tandy, Francis D., 1896, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voluntary_Socialism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voluntary Socialism (없는 문서)">Voluntary Socialism</a></i>, chapter 6, paragraph 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-114">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"...preferring a system of popular self governance via networks of decentralized, local, voluntary, participatory, cooperative associations-sometimes as a complement to and check on state power..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-115">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Rocker, Rudolf (2004). 《Anarcho-Syndicalism: Theory and Practice》. <a href="/w/index.php?title=AK_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AK Press (없는 문서)">AK Press</a>. 65쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-1-902593-92-0" title="특수:책찾기/978-1-902593-92-0"><bdi>978-1-902593-92-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarcho-Syndicalism%3A+Theory+and+Practice&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-902593-92-0&rft.aulast=Rocker&rft.aufirst=Rudolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-116">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chomsky.info/1986____/">“The Soviet Union Versus Socialism”</a>. 《chomsky.info》<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2015년 11월 22일에 확인함</span>. <q>Libertarian socialism, furthermore, does not limit its aims to democratic control by producers over production, but seeks to abolish all forms of domination and hierarchy in every aspect of social and personal life, an unending struggle, since progress in achieving a more just society will lead to new insight and understanding of forms of oppression that may be concealed in traditional practice and consciousness.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chomsky.info&rft.atitle=The+Soviet+Union+Versus+Socialism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchomsky.info%2F1986____%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-117">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Authority is defined in terms of the right to exercise social control (as explored in the "sociology of power") and the correlative duty to obey (as explred in the "philosophy of practical reason"). Anarchism is distinguished, philosophically, by its scepticism towards such moral relations – by its questioning of the claims made for such normative power – and, practically, by its challenge to those "authoritative" powers which cannot justify their claims and which are therefore deemed illegitimate or without moral foundation."<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kkj5i3CeGbQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Anarchism and Authority: A Philosophical Introduction to Classical Anarchism</i> by Paul McLaughlin. AshGate. 2007. p. 1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-118">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Anarchism, then, really stands for the liberation of the human mind from the dominion of religion; the liberation of the human body from the dominion of property; liberation from the shackles and restraint of government. Anarchism stands for a social order based on the free grouping of individuals for the purpose of producing real social wealth; an order that will guarantee to every human being free access to the earth and full enjoyment of the necessities of life, according to individual desires, tastes, and inclinations." <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emma_Goldman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emma Goldman (없는 문서)">Emma Goldman</a>. "What it Really Stands for Anarchy" in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarchism_and_Other_Essays&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anarchism and Other Essays (없는 문서)">Anarchism and Other Essays</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-119">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Individualist anarchist Benjamin Tucker defined anarchism as opposition to authority as follows "They found that they must turn either to the right or to the left, — follow either the path of Authority or the path of Liberty. Marx went one way; Warren and Proudhon the other. Thus were born State Socialism and Anarchism...Authority, takes many shapes, but, broadly speaking, her enemies divide themselves into three classes: first, those who abhor her both as a means and as an end of progress, opposing her openly, avowedly, sincerely, consistently, universally; second, those who profess to believe in her as a means of progress, but who accept her only so far as they think she will subserve their own selfish interests, denying her and her blessings to the rest of the world; third, those who distrust her as a means of progress, believing in her only as an end to be obtained by first trampling upon, violating, and outraging her. These three phases of opposition to Liberty are met in almost every sphere of thought and human activity. Good representatives of the first are seen in the Catholic Church and the Russian autocracy; of the second, in the Protestant Church and the Manchester school of politics and political economy; of the third, in the atheism of Gambetta and the socialism of Karl Marx." <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Tucker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin Tucker (없는 문서)">Benjamin Tucker</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Benjamin_Tucker__Individual_Liberty.html"><i>Individual Liberty.</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-120">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anarchist historian <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Woodcock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Woodcock (없는 문서)">George Woodcock</a> report of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Bakunin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikhail Bakunin (없는 문서)">Mikhail Bakunin</a>'s anti-authoritarianism and shows opposition to both state and non-state forms of authority as follows: "All anarchists deny authority; many of them fight against it." (p. 9)...Bakunin did not convert the League's central committee to his full program, but he did persuade them to accept a remarkably radical recommendation to the Berne Congress of September 1868, demanding economic equality and implicitly attacking authority in both Church and State."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-121">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brown, L. Susan (2002). 〈Anarchism as a Political Philosophy of Existential Individualism: Implications for Feminism〉. 《The Politics of Individualism: Liberalism, Liberal Feminism and Anarchism》. Black Rose Books Ltd. Publishing. 106쪽.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anarchism+as+a+Political+Philosophy+of+Existential+Individualism%3A+Implications+for+Feminism&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Individualism%3A+Liberalism%2C+Liberal+Feminism+and+Anarchism&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=Black+Rose+Books+Ltd.+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=L.+Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-122">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"LibSoc share with LibCap an aversion to any interference to freedom of thought, expression or choicce of lifestyle." <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roderick_T._Long&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roderick T. Long (없는 문서)">Roderick T. Long</a>. "Toward a libertarian theory of class." <i>Social Philosophy and Policy</i>. Volume 15. Issue 02. Summer 1998. pp 305</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-123">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"What is implied by the term 'libertarian socialism'?: The idea that socialism is first and foremost about freedom and therefore about overcoming the domination, repression, and alienation that block the free flow of human creativity, thought, and action...An approach to socialism that incorporates cultural revolution, women's and children's liberation, and the critique and transformation of daily life, as well as the more traditional concerns of socialist politics. A politics that is completely revolutionary because it seeks to transform all of reality. We do not think that capturing the economy and the state lead automatically to the transformation of the rest of social being, nor do we equate liberation with changing our life-styles and our heads. Capitalism is a total system that invades all areas of life: socialism must be the overcoming of capitalist reality in its entirety, or it is nothing." "What is Libertarian Socialism?" by Ulli Diemer. Volume 2, Number 1 (Summer 1997 issue) of <i>The Red Menace</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-124">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sims, Franwa (2006). 《The Anacostia Diaries As It Is》. Lulu Press. 160쪽.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anacostia+Diaries+As+It+Is&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=Lulu+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Sims&rft.aufirst=Franwa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-125">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090609075437/http://www.mutualist.org/id32.html">“A Mutualist FAQ: A.4. Are Mutualists Socialists?”</a>. 2009년 6월 9일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mutualist.org/id32.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2010년 4월 29일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Mutualist+FAQ%3A+A.4.+Are+Mutualists+Socialists%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mutualist.org%2Fid32.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-126">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"It is by meeting such a twofold requirement that the libertarian socialism of G.D.H. Cole could be said to offer timely and sustainable avenues for the institutionalization of the liberal value of autonomy..." Charles Masquelier. <i>Critical theory and libertarian socialism: Realizing the political potential of critical social theory.</i> Bloombury. New York-London. 2014. pg. 190</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-127">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Councilism and anarchism loosely merged into ‘libertarian socialism’, offering a non-dogmatic path by which both council communism and anarchism could be updated for the changed conditions of the time, and for the new forms of proletarian resistance to these new conditions." Toby Boraman. "Carnival and Class: Anarchism and Councilism in Australasia during the 1970s" in Alex Prichard, Ruth Kinna, Saku Pinta and Dave Berry (eds). Libertarian Socialism: Politics in Black and Red. Palgrave Macmillan, December 2012. pg. 268.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Graham-2005-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Graham-2005_128-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Murray Bookchin, <i>Ghost of Anarcho-Syndicalism</i>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Graham_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Graham (historian) (없는 문서)">Robert Graham</a>, <i>The General Idea of Proudhon's Revolution</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-129">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kent Bromley, in his preface to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Kropotkin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Kropotkin (없는 문서)">Peter Kropotkin</a>'s book <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Conquest_of_Bread&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Conquest of Bread (없는 문서)">The Conquest of Bread</a></i>, considered early French utopian socialist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Fourier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Fourier (없는 문서)">Charles Fourier</a> to be the founder of the libertarian branch of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialism (없는 문서)">socialist</a> thought, as opposed to the authoritarian socialist ideas of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois-No%C3%ABl_Babeuf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François-Noël Babeuf (없는 문서)">Babeuf</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Buonarroti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe Buonarroti (없는 문서)">Buonarroti</a>." <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Kropotkin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Kropotkin (없는 문서)">Kropotkin, Peter</a>. <i>The Conquest of Bread</i>, preface by Kent Bromley, New York and London, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1906.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-130">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Tucker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin Tucker (없는 문서)">(Benjamin) Tucker</a> referred to himself many times as a socialist and considered his philosophy to be "Anarchistic socialism." <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_Anarchist_FAQ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="An Anarchist FAQ (없는 문서)">An Anarchist FAQ</a></i> by Various Authors</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-131">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">French individualist anarchist <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Armand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Émile Armand (없는 문서)">Émile Armand</a> shows clearly opposition to capitalism and centralized economies when he said that the individualist anarchist "inwardly he remains refractory – fatally refractory – morally, intellectually, economically (The capitalist economy and the directed economy, the speculators and the fabricators of single are equally repugnant to him.)"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaz.org/~dan/individualist-anarchist/library/emile-armand/life-activity.html">"Anarchist Individualism as a Life and Activity" by Emile Armand</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-132">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anarchist Peter Sabatini reports that In the United States "of early to mid-19th century, there appeared an array of communal and "utopian" counterculture groups (including the so-called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_love&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free love (없는 문서)">free love</a> movement). <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Godwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Godwin (없는 문서)">William Godwin</a>'s anarchism exerted an ideological influence on some of this, but more so the socialism of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Owen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Owen (없는 문서)">Robert Owen</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Fourier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Fourier (없는 문서)">Charles Fourier</a>. After success of his British venture, Owen himself established a cooperative community within the United States at <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Harmony,_Indiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Harmony, Indiana (없는 문서)">New Harmony, Indiana</a> during 1825. One member of this commune was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josiah_Warren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josiah Warren (없는 문서)">Josiah Warren</a> (1798–1874), considered to be the first <a href="/w/index.php?title=Individualist_anarchist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Individualist anarchist (없는 문서)">individualist anarchist</a>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Peter_Sabatini__Libertarianism__Bogus_Anarchy.html">Peter Sabatini. "Libertarianism: Bogus Anarchy"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-133">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"It introduces an eye-opening approach to radical social thought, rooted equally in libertarian socialism and market anarchism." Chartier, Gary; Johnson, Charles W. (2011). <i>Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty</i>. Brooklyn, NY:Minor Compositions/Autonomedia. Pg. Back cover</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-135">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Carlson (2012). p. 1007. "[Left-libertarians] disagree with right-libertarians with respect to property rights, arguing instead that individuals have no inherent right to natural resources. Namely, these resources must be treated as collective property that is made available on an egalitarian basis."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-narveson-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-narveson_136-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Narveson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Narveson (없는 문서)">Narveson, Jan</a>; Trenchard, David (2008). 〈Left Libertarianism〉. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hamowy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronald Hamowy (없는 문서)">Hamowy, Ronald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC">《The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism》</a>. 《The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism》. Thousand Oaks, CA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=SAGE_Publications&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SAGE Publications (없는 문서)">SAGE</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cato_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cato Institute (없는 문서)">Cato Institute</a>. 288–289쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4135%2F9781412965811.n174">10.4135/9781412965811.n174</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-1-4129-6580-4" title="특수:책찾기/978-1-4129-6580-4"><bdi>978-1-4129-6580-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EC%9D%98%ED%9A%8C%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C%EA%B4%80_%EC%A0%9C%EC%96%B4_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" title="미국 의회도서관 제어 번호">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//lccn.loc.gov/2008009151">2008009151</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8_%EC%BB%B4%ED%93%A8%ED%84%B0_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C%EA%B4%80_%EC%84%BC%ED%84%B0" title="온라인 컴퓨터 도서관 센터">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/750831024">750831024</a>. <q>[Left libertarians] regard each of us as full self-owners. Left libertarians embrace the view that all natural resources, land, oil, gold, trees, and so on should be held collectively. To the extent that individuals make use of these commonly owned goods, they must do so only with the permission of society, a permission granted only under the provision that a certain payment for their use be made to society at large.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Libertarianism&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Libertarianism&rft.place=Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA&rft.pages=288-289&rft.pub=SAGE%3B+Cato+Institute&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F750831024&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2008009151&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4135%2F9781412965811.n174&rft.isbn=978-1-4129-6580-4&rft.aulast=Narveson&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.au=Trenchard%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyxNgXs3TkJYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-137">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Vallentyne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Vallentyne (없는 문서)">Vallentyne, Peter</a> (20 July 2010). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/libertarianism/">Libertarianism</a>". In <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (없는 문서)">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%A0%ED%8D%BC%EB%93%9C_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="스탠퍼드 대학교">스탠퍼드 대학교</a>. Retrieved 26 December 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encyclolib-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-encyclolib_138-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Narveson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Narveson (없는 문서)">Narveson, Jan</a>; Trenchard, David (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC">〈Left libertarianism〉</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Hamowy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronald Hamowy (없는 문서)">Hamowy, Ronald</a>. 《The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism》. Thousand Oaks, CA: <a href="/w/index.php?title=SAGE_Publications&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SAGE Publications (없는 문서)">SAGE</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cato_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cato Institute (없는 문서)">Cato Institute</a>. 288–89쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4135%2F9781412965811.n174">10.4135/9781412965811.n174</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-1-4129-6580-4" title="특수:책찾기/978-1-4129-6580-4"><bdi>978-1-4129-6580-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EC%9D%98%ED%9A%8C%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C%EA%B4%80_%EC%A0%9C%EC%96%B4_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" title="미국 의회도서관 제어 번호">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//lccn.loc.gov/2008009151">2008009151</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8_%EC%BB%B4%ED%93%A8%ED%84%B0_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C%EA%B4%80_%EC%84%BC%ED%84%B0" title="온라인 컴퓨터 도서관 센터">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/750831024">750831024</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Left+libertarianism&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Libertarianism&rft.place=Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA&rft.pages=288-89&rft.pub=SAGE%3B+Cato+Institute&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F750831024&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2008009151&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4135%2F9781412965811.n174&rft.isbn=978-1-4129-6580-4&rft.aulast=Narveson&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.au=Trenchard%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyxNgXs3TkJYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bookchinreader-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bookchinreader_139-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bookchin, Murray and Biehl, Janet (1997). <i>The Murray Bookchin Reader</i>. Cassell: p. 170. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/0-304-33873-7" title="특수:책찾기/0-304-33873-7">0-304-33873-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-progress.org-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-progress.org_140-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121104040047/http://www.progress.org/archive/fold251.htm">“Foldvary, Fred E. Geoism and Libertarianism. The Progress Report”</a>. Progress.org. 2012년 11월 4일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.progress.org/archive/fold251.htm">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2013년 3월 26일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foldvary%2C+Fred+E.+Geoism+and+Libertarianism.+The+Progress+Report&rft.pub=Progress.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.progress.org%2Farchive%2Ffold251.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-141">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Karen DeCoster, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/decoster/henry-george-tariff.html">Henry George and the Tariff Question</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=LewRockwell.com&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LewRockwell.com (없는 문서)">LewRockwell.com</a>, April 19, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-142">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Will Kymlicka (2005). 〈libertarianism, left-〉. Ted Honderich. 《The Oxford Companion to Philosophy》. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=libertarianism%2C+left-&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Philosophy&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Will+Kymlicka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-143">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chartier, Gary. Johnson, Charles W. (2011). <i>Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty</i>. Minor Compositions. pp. 1–11. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38117996"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-1570272424" title="특수:책찾기/978-1570272424">978-1570272424</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-144">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Serena Olsaretti, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NZmGrPKu8BMC">Liberty, Desert and the Market: A Philosophical Study</a>, Cambridge University Press, 2004, 14, 88, 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-145">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (없는 문서)">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a> entry on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/libertarianism">Libertarianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%A0%ED%8D%BC%EB%93%9C_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="스탠퍼드 대학교">스탠퍼드 대학교</a>, July 24, 2006 version.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hani-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-hani_146-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-hani_146-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-hani_146-2">다</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-hani_146-3">라</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-hani_146-4">마</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-hani_146-5">바</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">고명섭, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hani.co.kr/section-009100003/2003/04/p009100003200304251751475.html"><나를 배반한 역사>박노자</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36482206">.mw-parser-output .fix{background-color:#fff9f9;color:DarkSlateGray;border:1px solid #ffdcdc}</style><sup class="정리_필요 noprint">[<a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EA%B9%A8%EC%A7%84_%EB%A7%81%ED%81%AC" title="위키백과:깨진 링크">깨진 링크</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.hani.co.kr/section-009100003/2003/04/p009100003200304251751475.html">과거 내용 찾기</a>)]</sup>, 한겨례</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36429174">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="사회자유주의">사회자유주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="신자유주의">신자유주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A7%80%EC%83%81%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자유지상주의">자유지상주의</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">정치</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EC%A0%81_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="문화적 자유주의">문화적 자유주의</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#정치적_개인주의">정치적 개인주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EB%AF%BC%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="국민자유주의">국민자유주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="사회자유주의">사회자유주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%88%98%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="보수자유주의">보수자유주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A7%80%EC%83%81%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자유지상주의">자유지상주의</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자본주의">자본주의</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EB%B0%A9%EC%9E%84%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자유방임주의">자유방임주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%A0%95%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="수정자본주의">수정자본주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="국가자본주의">국가자본주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EB%8F%85%EC%A0%90%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="국가독점자본주의">국가독점자본주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="초자본주의">초자본주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%EC%BD%94%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="아나코자본주의">아나코자본주의</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%98%EA%B2%BD%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="환경주의">환경주의</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="생태주의">생태주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B9%EC%83%89_%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98" class="mw-redirect" title="녹색 정치">녹색 정치</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B9%EC%83%89%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="녹색자유주의">녹색자유주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B9%EC%83%89%EB%B3%B4%EC%88%98%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="녹색보수주의">녹색보수주의</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%ED%98%81%EC%A0%81_%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="개혁적 사회주의">개혁주의</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자유사회주의">자유사회주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%A0%95%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%A0%81_%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%8A%A4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="수정주의적 마르크스주의">수정주의적 마르크스주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%A5%B4%EB%94%95_%EB%AA%A8%EB%8D%B8" title="노르딕 모델">사회민주주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C3%EC%9D%98_%EA%B8%B8" title="제3의 길">제3의 길</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="사회주의">사회주의</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%83%81%EC%A0%81_%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="공상적 사회주의">공상적 사회주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90_%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="종교 사회주의">종교 사회주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="사회민주주의">사회민주주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="민주사회주의">민주사회주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%82%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="공산주의">공산주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A0%81_%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%ED%82%A4%EC%A6%98" title="사회적 아나키즘">사회적 아나키즘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%94%94%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%B4" title="생디칼리슴">생디칼리슴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99%EC%9E%90_%EC%9E%90%EC%A3%BC%EA%B2%BD%EC%98%81" class="mw-redirect" title="노동자 자주경영">자주 관리 사회주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%9E%8D_%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="아랍 사회주의">아랍 사회주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EC%9E%A5%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="시장사회주의">시장사회주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="국가사회주의">국가사회주의</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%82%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="공산주의">공산주의</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%8A%A4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="마르크스주의">마르크스주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EB%8B%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="레닌주의">레닌주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%8A%A4-%EB%A0%88%EB%8B%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="마르크스-레닌주의">마르크스-레닌주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%8A%A4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="신마르크스주의">신마르크스주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C%EC%B8%A0%ED%82%A4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="트로츠키주의">트로츠키주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="스탈린주의">스탈린주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%98%A4%EC%A9%8C%EB%91%A5_%EC%82%AC%EC%83%81" title="마오쩌둥 사상">마오쩌둥주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%B2%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%83%81" title="주체사상">주체사상</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%98%B8%EC%B9%98%EB%AF%BC%EC%82%AC%EC%83%81" class="mw-redirect" title="호치민사상">호치민사상</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B6%8C%EC%9C%84%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="권위주의">권위주의</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9E%AC_%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98" class="mw-redirect" title="독재 정치">독재 정치</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%A0%9C_%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98" title="전제 정치">전제 정치</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%88%EB%8C%80%EC%99%95%EC%A0%95" class="mw-redirect" title="절대왕정">절대왕정</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%B2%B4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="전체주의">전체주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%B0%EA%B5%AD%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="군국주의">군국주의</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%B2%B4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="전체주의">전체주의</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%B9%98%EC%A6%98" title="나치즘">나치즘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%8B%9C%EC%A6%98" title="파시즘">파시즘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%87%BC%EC%99%80_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="쇼와 국가주의">쇼와 국가주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="스탈린주의">스탈린주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%98%A4%EC%A9%8C%EB%91%A5%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="마오쩌둥주의">마오쩌둥주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%B2%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%83%81" title="주체사상">주체사상</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="민주주의">민주주의</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%81%EC%A0%91_%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A0%9C" title="직접 민주제">직접 민주제</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%84%EC%A0%91_%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A0%9C" title="간접 민주제">간접 민주제</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자유민주주의">자유민주주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90_%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="기독교 민주주의">기독교 민주주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="사회민주주의">사회민주주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="인민민주주의">인민민주주의</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%91%EB%8B%A8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="집단주의">집단주의</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="국가주의">국가주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%97%AD%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="지역주의">지역주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%B4%EC%85%94%EB%84%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%A6%98" title="내셔널리즘">내셔널리즘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="민족주의">민족주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EB%8F%99%EC%B2%B4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="공동체주의">공동체주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%98%91%EB%8F%99%EC%A1%B0%ED%95%A9%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="협동조합주의">협동조합주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%91%EC%82%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="집산주의">집산주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%B5%ED%95%A9%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="통합주의">통합주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="이슬람주의">이슬람주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%8C_%EC%9B%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="이슬람 원리주의">이슬람 원리주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90_%EA%B7%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="기독교 근본주의">기독교 근본주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="반이슬람주의">반이슬람주의</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9E%8C%EB%91%90_%EA%B5%AD%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="힌두 국민주의 (없는 문서)">힌두 국민주의</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%B4%EC%85%94%EB%84%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%A6%98" title="내셔널리즘">내셔널리즘</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="민족주의">민족주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A0%EA%B5%AD%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="애국주의">애국주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%88%98%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="국수주의">국수주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%87%BC%EB%B9%84%EB%8B%88%EC%A6%98" title="쇼비니즘">쇼비니즘</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98%EC%84%B1%ED%96%A5" title="정치성향">정치 스펙트럼</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>라이트</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B9%EC%9A%B0" title="극우">극우</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%ED%8C%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="우파">우파</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EB%B3%B4%EC%88%98%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="사회보수주의">사회보수주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자본주의">자본주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%88%98%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="보수주의">권위주의 우파</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자유주의">자유주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%ED%97%98%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="경험주의">경험주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%98%84%EC%8B%A4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="현실주의">현실주의</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">개인주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EB%8F%99%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="반동주의">반동주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="고전주의">고전주의</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%90%EC%A7%84%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="점진주의 (없는 문서)">점진주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A7%80%EC%83%81%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자유지상주의">자유주의 우파</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">모더레이트</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%8F%84%EC%9A%B0%ED%8C%8C" title="중도우파">중도우파</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%8F%84%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="중도주의">중도</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EB%8F%84%EC%A2%8C%ED%8C%8C" title="중도좌파">중도좌파</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>레프트</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B9%EC%A2%8C" title="극좌">극좌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%8C%ED%8C%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="좌파">좌파</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EA%B0%9C%EB%9F%89%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="사회개량주의">사회개량주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%82%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="공산주의">공산주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%82%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="공산주의">권위주의 좌파</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%89%EB%93%B1%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="평등주의">평등주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%A9%EB%A6%AC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="합리주의">합리주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%83%81%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="이상주의">이상주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%91%EB%8B%A8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="집단주의">집단주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%EB%B3%B4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="진보주의">진보주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%AD%EB%A7%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="낭만주의">낭만주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%89%EC%A7%84%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="급진주의">급진주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="사회자유주의">자유주의 좌파</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98_%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%9C" title="정치 체제">통치 체제</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">지배자</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%A0%9C" title="군주제">군주제</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%80%EC%A1%B1%EC%A0%9C" title="귀족제">귀족제</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EA%B6%8C_%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98" title="신권 정치">신권 정치</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="공화주의">공화주의</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">권력자</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%BC%EB%91%90%EC%A0%9C" title="과두제">과두제</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8A%A5%EB%A0%A5%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="능력주의">능력주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EB%91%90%EC%A0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="다두제">다두제</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">국가 상태</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EC%9D%BC_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80" title="단일 국가">단일 국가</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EB%B0%A9%EC%A0%9C" title="연방제">연방제</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80_%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9" title="국가 연합">국가 연합</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="국제주의">국제주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="초국가주의">초국가주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="세계주의">세계주의</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">그 외</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%84%EB%AA%BD%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="계몽주의">계몽주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%98%BC%ED%95%A9_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C" title="혼합 경제">혼합 경제</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%98%84%EC%8B%A4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="현실주의">현실주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%98%EB%A6%AC%ED%8A%B8%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="엘리트이론">엘리트이론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%93%B0%EB%A6%AC%EC%A6%98" title="포퓰리즘">포퓰리즘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%90%EC%A1%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="교조주의">교조주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="원리주의">원리주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%AF%B8%EB%8B%88%EC%A6%98" class="mw-redirect" title="페미니즘">페미니즘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%9B%90%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="다원주의">다원주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B1%85%EC%9E%84" title="책임">책임</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%ED%82%A4%EC%95%84%EB%B2%A8%EB%A6%AC%EC%A6%98" class="mw-redirect" title="마키아벨리즘">마키아벨리즘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%90%EB%B0%B1%EA%B0%80" title="제자백가">제자백가</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="제국주의">제국주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B4%89%EA%B1%B4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="봉건주의">봉건주의</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%8D%B0%EC%98%AC%EB%A1%9C%EA%B8%B0_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="이데올로기 목록">이데올로기 목록</a> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div><small><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Heckert_GNU_white.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/20px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/30px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/40px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="523" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Cc.logo.circle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/20px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/30px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cc.logo.circle.svg/40px-Cc.logo.circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> 이 문서에는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%8C" title="다음">다음커뮤니케이션</a>(현 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%B9%B4%EC%98%A4_(%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%85)" title="카카오 (기업)">카카오</a>)에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="위키백과:GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a> 또는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License" title="위키백과:Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License">CC-SA</a> 라이선스로 배포한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%8C_%EA%B8%80%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%8C_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EB%8C%80%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84" title="위키백과:다음 글로벌 세계대백과사전">글로벌 세계대백과사전</a>의 내용을 기초로 작성된 글이 포함되어 있습니다.</small></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36429174"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171995#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171995#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%A0%84%EA%B1%B0_%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C" title="위키백과:전거 통제">전거 통제</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171995#identifiers" title="위키데이터에서 편집하기"><img alt="위키데이터에서 편집하기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">국가</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Individualisme"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11948944q">프랑스</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Individualisme"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11948944q">BnF 데이터</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4131852-3">독일</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007548214905171">이스라엘</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Individualism"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85065686">미국</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00566909">일본</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="individualismus"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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