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<li id="toc-Origin_of_the_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_of_the_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origin of the name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_of_the_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_the_founding_to_The_Kingdom_of_Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_the_founding_to_The_Kingdom_of_Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>From the founding to The Kingdom of Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_the_founding_to_The_Kingdom_of_Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-July_2023_tornado" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_2023_tornado"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>July 2023 tornado</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_2023_tornado-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Main sights</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Main sights subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Open_space_and_parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Open_space_and_parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Open space and parks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Open_space_and_parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfonsine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="ألفونسيني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألفونسيني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="الفانسین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="الفانسین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Алфонсине – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алфонсине" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine_(munisipyo)" title="Alfonsine (munisipyo) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Alfonsine (munisipyo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B5" title="Αλφονσίνε – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλφονσίνε" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alinfuns%C3%A8n" title="Alinfunsèn – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Alinfunsèn" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="الفانسین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الفانسین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D6%86%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5" title="Ալֆոնսինե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալֆոնսինե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Альфонсине – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Альфонсине" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonsinae" title="Alphonsinae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alphonsinae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8D" title="アルフォンシーネ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルフォンシーネ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Альфонсине – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Альфонсине" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Альфонсине – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Альфонсине" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Алфонсине – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алфонсине" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine,_Ravenna" title="Alfonsine, Ravenna – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alfonsine, Ravenna" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Альфонсине – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Альфонсине" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Альфонсіне – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Альфонсіне" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonsine" title="Alfonsine – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Alfonsine" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%B9%E8%A5%BF%E5%86%85" title="阿方西内 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿方西内" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Alfonsine" title="Special:EditPage/Alfonsine">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Alfonsine" title="Talk:Alfonsine">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Alfonsine%22">"Alfonsine"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Alfonsine%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Alfonsine%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Alfonsine%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Alfonsine%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Alfonsine%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Comune in Emilia-Romagna, Italy</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Alfonsine</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></i></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Comune di Alfonsine</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_Comunale_-_25_aprile_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alfonsine"><img alt="Alfonsine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Palazzo_Comunale_-_25_aprile_2021.jpg/250px-Palazzo_Comunale_-_25_aprile_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Palazzo_Comunale_-_25_aprile_2021.jpg/375px-Palazzo_Comunale_-_25_aprile_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Palazzo_Comunale_-_25_aprile_2021.jpg/500px-Palazzo_Comunale_-_25_aprile_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Alfonsine</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alfonsine-Stemma.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Alfonsine"><img alt="Coat of arms of Alfonsine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Alfonsine-Stemma.svg/78px-Alfonsine-Stemma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="78" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Alfonsine-Stemma.svg/117px-Alfonsine-Stemma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Alfonsine-Stemma.svg/156px-Alfonsine-Stemma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Alfonsine</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_2d0b78fe464e463aac9bf003903d4a18f4888e2b"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Alfonsine&revid=1250364057&groups=_2d0b78fe464e463aac9bf003903d4a18f4888e2b" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Alfonsine&revid=1250364057&groups=_2d0b78fe464e463aac9bf003903d4a18f4888e2b 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alfonsine is located in Italy"><img alt="Alfonsine is located in Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/250px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/375px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/500px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.967%;left:45.703%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Alfonsine"><img alt="Alfonsine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Alfonsine</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Alfonsine in Italy</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Italy</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_Emilia-Romagna_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alfonsine is located in Emilia-Romagna"><img alt="Alfonsine is located in Emilia-Romagna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Italy_Emilia-Romagna_location_map.svg/250px-Italy_Emilia-Romagna_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Italy_Emilia-Romagna_location_map.svg/375px-Italy_Emilia-Romagna_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Italy_Emilia-Romagna_location_map.svg/500px-Italy_Emilia-Romagna_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="906" data-file-height="481" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.828%;left:79.73%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Alfonsine"><img alt="Alfonsine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Alfonsine</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Alfonsine (Emilia-Romagna)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Emilia-Romagna</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Alfonsine&params=44_30_N_12_3_E_type:city(11,739)_region:IT"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">12°3′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.500°N 12.050°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.500; 12.050</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ravenna" title="Province of Ravenna">Ravenna</a> (RA)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Frazione" title="Frazione">Frazioni</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b>Fiumazzo, Taglio Corelli, Villa Pianta, Filo, Longastrino, Borgo Gallina, Borgo Seganti</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Mauro Venturi</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">106.8 km<sup>2</sup> (41.2 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">6 m (20 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(30 April 2017)<sup id="cite_ref-istat_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-istat-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">11,994</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">110/km<sup>2</sup> (290/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Alfonsinesi</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">48011</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Italy" title="List of dialling codes in Italy">Dialing code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0544</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Patron saint</th><td class="infobox-data">Madonna delle Grazie</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Saint day</th><td class="infobox-data">8 September</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comune.alfonsine.ra.it">Official website</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Alfonsine</b> (<a href="/wiki/Romagnol_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Romagnol language">Romagnol</a>: <i lang="rgn">Agl'infulsẽ</i> or <i>Agl'infulsèn</i>) is a <i><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">comune</a></i> (municipality) in the province of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ravenna" title="Province of Ravenna">Ravenna</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a>. It is located 60 kilometres (37 mi) east of <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> and 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a>. </p><p>It is located between the <a href="/wiki/Senio" title="Senio">Senio River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a>. Its economy is based mostly on agriculture, especially wine and fruit production. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonsine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin_of_the_name">Origin of the name</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonsine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origin of the name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two main theories regarding the origin of the name <i>Alfonsine</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most widely accepted theory, based on documents dating back to the early 16th century, is that the town is named after Alfonso Calcagnini, credited with reclaiming land from the marshes on which the town was founded. The second hypothesis is attributed to Antonio Polloni, who in his 1966 book <i>Toponomastica Romagnola</i> ("The geographical structure of the region of Romagna"), postulates that the name derives from the <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> term "fossa" (man-made ditch, channel), and that only later, by coincidence, it was influenced by the name of Alfonso Calcagnini. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_the_founding_to_The_Kingdom_of_Italy">From the founding to The Kingdom of Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonsine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: From the founding to The Kingdom of Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alfonsine was founded in 1464 when some land north of the city of <a href="/wiki/Fusignano" title="Fusignano">Fusignano</a>, consisting primarily of wetlands, was donated by <a href="/wiki/Borso_d%27Este" title="Borso d'Este">Borso d'Este</a> to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teofilo_Calcagnini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teofilo Calcagnini (page does not exist)">Teofilo Calcagnini</a> who began an aggressive <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">reclamation</a> process. In 1468 Calcagnini expanded his territory through the acquisition of additional land north of Fusignano from a Venetian noble. The original town center was developed in part on land north of the Senio river and in part around the church of <a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Veneration of Mary in Roman Catholicism">Nostra Signora</a> (Our Lady), built in 1502 by Alfonso Calcagnini, Teofilo's son.<sup id="cite_ref-comune.alfonsine.ra.it_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comune.alfonsine.ra.it-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This area was disputed territory between the <a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a> and the land controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Este_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Este family">Este family</a>. A compromise was eventually signed in 1506, giving the land to Ravenna. In 1509, the territories under the domain of Ravenna came under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>. In 1519 <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Pope Leo X</a> transferred ownership of the region to Theophilus Calcagnini. To honor his benefactor Calcagnini called his land "Leonian territory". The Calcagnini family became feudal Lords on behalf of both the Church and the Este family. The family's position was confirmed by pope <a href="/wiki/Clement_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Clement VIII">Clement VIII</a> at the end of the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-comune.alfonsine.ra.it_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comune.alfonsine.ra.it-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 18th century the town's population and its economy grew. However, the living conditions of the commoners were harsh due to heavy taxation by the feudal class which left them impoverished. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonic period">Napoleonic period</a> saw the emancipation of Alfonsine, which in 1814 became a municipality.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, after the fall of Napoleon, the country returned to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>. In 1859, with the loss of papal power in Romagna, Alfonsine was annexed to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia" title="Kingdom of Sardinia">Kingdom of Sardinia</a>, which in 1861 became the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonsine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the beginning of the 20th century Alfonsine experienced social unrest. The harsh living conditions at the end of the previous century led to the formation of bands of outlaws, but also to the creation of political associations and charitable organizations which worked to improve the living conditions of the lower classes. </p><p>On the eve of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, from 7 to 13 June 1914, known in Italy as "Settimana Rossa" (<a href="/wiki/Red_Week_(Italy)" title="Red Week (Italy)">Red Week</a>), there was widespread unrest in Alfonsine, during which both the city hall and the church were set on fire.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, bloody clashes between the occupying <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> forces and <a href="/wiki/Italian_partisans" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian partisans">Italian partisans</a>, took place in Alfonsine, especially along the Senio river.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the area 70% of the houses were destroyed, while the historic center was completely destroyed by the Germans before their retreat northward, after having been heavily bombed by the Allies. The center of Alfonsine was later rebuilt between 1946 and 1956 by the architect <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Vaccaro" title="Giuseppe Vaccaro">Giuseppe Vaccaro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July_2023_tornado">July 2023 tornado</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonsine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: July 2023 tornado"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On July 22nd, 2023, a strong tornado would track through areas in and around Alfonsine producing <a href="/wiki/International_Fujita_scale" title="International Fujita scale">IF3</a> damage. The <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornado</a> injured 14 people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_sights">Main sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonsine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Main sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Churches">Churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonsine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> few historic buildings were left standing. Among them is the "Oratorio di S. Vincenzo Ferrari" (Oratory of San Vincenzo Ferrari) built in the mid-18th century, which houses a painting of the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a> attributed to the Longhi school. Also noteworthy is the reconstructed "Santuario della Madonna del Bosco" (Shrine of Our Lady of the Woods). Rebuilt on the ruins of its predecessor, it hosts a collection of 18th and 19th century <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> artifacts. In piazza Monti, where the original parish church was located, now stands the "Chiesa del Sacro Cuore" (Church of the Sacred Heart). The parish church was instead rebuilt at a new location and dedicated to Saint Mary.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Open_space_and_parks">Open space and parks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonsine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Open space and parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Special Natural Reserve of Alfosine is part of the Regional Park of the Po Delta. It consists of three areas that were once inhabited, and subsequently converted to parkland and returned to a natural state.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonsine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The City of Alfonsine received the Military Valor award for the <a href="/wiki/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Second Italian War of Independence">Italian war of Independence</a> as well as the silver medal for Military Valor for <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> for the sacrifices of its people as well as their participation to the <a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Partisan resistance</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonsine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Italy" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy">List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy</a></div> <p>Alfonsine is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nagyk%C3%A1ta" title="Nagykáta">Nagykáta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, since 1962<sup id="cite_ref-twinned_cities_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twinned_cities-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spello" title="Spello">Spello</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, since 1974<sup id="cite_ref-twinned_cities_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twinned_cities-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/San_Vito_di_Cadore" title="San Vito di Cadore">San Vito di Cadore</a>, Italy, since 1988<sup id="cite_ref-twinned_cities_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twinned_cities-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mayahi" title="Mayahi">Mayahi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>, since 1988<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Toritto" title="Toritto">Toritto</a>, Italy, since 2013<sup id="cite_ref-twinned_cities_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twinned_cities-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonsine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224">"Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011"</a>. Italian National Institute of Statistics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Superficie+di+Comuni+Province+e+Regioni+italiane+al+9+ottobre+2011&rft.pub=Italian+National+Institute+of+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.istat.it%2Fit%2Farchivio%2F156224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonsine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-istat-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-istat_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Statistics_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Statistics (Italy)">Istat</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alfonsinemonamour.racine.ra.it/alfonsine/Alfonsine/nome_alfonsine2.htm">"Alfonsine Alfonsine"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140402133809/http://alfonsinemonamour.racine.ra.it/alfonsine/Alfonsine/nome_alfonsine2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alfonsine+Alfonsine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falfonsinemonamour.racine.ra.it%2Falfonsine%2FAlfonsine%2Fnome_alfonsine2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonsine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-comune.alfonsine.ra.it-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-comune.alfonsine.ra.it_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-comune.alfonsine.ra.it_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comune.alfonsine.ra.it/Citta-e-territorio/Cenni-Storici/Le-origini">"Le origini – Cenni Storici – Città e territorio – Comune di Alfonsine"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140107210022/http://www.comune.alfonsine.ra.it/Citta-e-territorio/Cenni-Storici/Le-origini">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+origini+%E2%80%93+Cenni+Storici+%E2%80%93+Citt%C3%A0+e+territorio+%E2%80%93+Comune+di+Alfonsine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comune.alfonsine.ra.it%2FCitta-e-territorio%2FCenni-Storici%2FLe-origini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonsine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comune.alfonsine.ra.it/Citta-e-territorio/Cenni-Storici/Alfonsine-Comune">"Alfonsine Comune – Cenni Storici – Città e territorio – Comune di Alfonsine"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060350/http://www.comune.alfonsine.ra.it/Citta-e-territorio/Cenni-Storici/Alfonsine-Comune">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alfonsine+Comune+%E2%80%93+Cenni+Storici+%E2%80%93+Citt%C3%A0+e+territorio+%E2%80%93+Comune+di+Alfonsine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comune.alfonsine.ra.it%2FCitta-e-territorio%2FCenni-Storici%2FAlfonsine-Comune&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonsine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comune.alfonsine.ra.it/Citta-e-territorio/Cenni-Storici/La-Settimana-Rossa">"La "Settimana Rossa" – Cenni Storici – Città e territorio – Comune di Alfonsine"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319160032/https://www.comune.alfonsine.ra.it/Citta-e-territorio/Cenni-Storici/La-Settimana-Rossa">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+%22Settimana+Rossa%22+%E2%80%93+Cenni+Storici+%E2%80%93+Citt%C3%A0+e+territorio+%E2%80%93+Comune+di+Alfonsine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.comune.alfonsine.ra.it%2FCitta-e-territorio%2FCenni-Storici%2FLa-Settimana-Rossa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonsine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comune.alfonsine.ra.it/Citta-e-territorio/Cenni-Storici/L-antifascismo-e-la-II-Guerra-Mondiale">"L'Antifascismo e la II Guerra Mondiale – Cenni Storici – Città e territorio – Comune di Alfonsine"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319155215/https://www.comune.alfonsine.ra.it/Citta-e-territorio/Cenni-Storici/L-antifascismo-e-la-II-Guerra-Mondiale">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27Antifascismo+e+la+II+Guerra+Mondiale+%E2%80%93+Cenni+Storici+%E2%80%93+Citt%C3%A0+e+territorio+%E2%80%93+Comune+di+Alfonsine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.comune.alfonsine.ra.it%2FCitta-e-territorio%2FCenni-Storici%2FL-antifascismo-e-la-II-Guerra-Mondiale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonsine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comune.alfonsine.ra.it/Citta-e-territorio/Cenni-Storici/La-ricostruzione">"La ricostruzione – Cenni Storici – Città e territorio – Comune di Alfonsine"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319154844/https://www.comune.alfonsine.ra.it/Citta-e-territorio/Cenni-Storici/La-ricostruzione">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+ricostruzione+%E2%80%93+Cenni+Storici+%E2%80%93+Citt%C3%A0+e+territorio+%E2%80%93+Comune+di+Alfonsine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.comune.alfonsine.ra.it%2FCitta-e-territorio%2FCenni-Storici%2FLa-ricostruzione&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonsine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comune.alfonsine.ra.it/Citta-e-territorio/Cultura-e-Tempo-Libero/Chiese-ed-Edifici-Religiosi">"Chiese ed Edifici Religiosi – Cultura e Tempo Libero – Città e territorio – Comune di Alfonsine"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319154235/https://www.comune.alfonsine.ra.it/Citta-e-territorio/Cultura-e-Tempo-Libero/Chiese-ed-Edifici-Religiosi">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chiese+ed+Edifici+Religiosi+%E2%80%93+Cultura+e+Tempo+Libero+%E2%80%93+Citt%C3%A0+e+territorio+%E2%80%93+Comune+di+Alfonsine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.comune.alfonsine.ra.it%2FCitta-e-territorio%2FCultura-e-Tempo-Libero%2FChiese-ed-Edifici-Religiosi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonsine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comune.alfonsine.ra.it/Guida-ai-servizi/Ambiente-Animali-e-Verde/Riserva-Naturale-di-Alfonsine">"Riserva Naturale di Alfonsine"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140419013647/http://www.comune.alfonsine.ra.it/Citta-e-territorio/La-Riserva-Naturale-di-Alfonsine">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Riserva+Naturale+di+Alfonsine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.comune.alfonsine.ra.it%2FGuida-ai-servizi%2FAmbiente-Animali-e-Verde%2FRiserva-Naturale-di-Alfonsine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonsine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-twinned_cities-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-twinned_cities_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-twinned_cities_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-twinned_cities_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-twinned_cities_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comune.alfonsine.ra.it/Citta-e-territorio/Gemellaggi-e-rapporti-internazionali/Le-citta-gemellate">"Le città gemellate – Gemellaggi e rapporti internazionali – Città e territorio – Comune di Alfonsine"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319154733/https://www.comune.alfonsine.ra.it/Citta-e-territorio/Gemellaggi-e-rapporti-internazionali/Le-citta-gemellate">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+citt%C3%A0+gemellate+%E2%80%93+Gemellaggi+e+rapporti+internazionali+%E2%80%93+Citt%C3%A0+e+territorio+%E2%80%93+Comune+di+Alfonsine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.comune.alfonsine.ra.it%2FCitta-e-territorio%2FGemellaggi-e-rapporti-internazionali%2FLe-citta-gemellate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonsine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comune.alfonsine.ra.it/Citta-e-territorio/Gemellaggi-e-rapporti-internazionali/Cooperazione-Decentrata">"Cooperazione Decentrata – Gemellaggi e rapporti internazionali – Città e territorio – Comune di Alfonsine"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319154025/https://www.comune.alfonsine.ra.it/Citta-e-territorio/Gemellaggi-e-rapporti-internazionali/Cooperazione-Decentrata">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cooperazione+Decentrata+%E2%80%93+Gemellaggi+e+rapporti+internazionali+%E2%80%93+Citt%C3%A0+e+territorio+%E2%80%93+Comune+di+Alfonsine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.comune.alfonsine.ra.it%2FCitta-e-territorio%2FGemellaggi-e-rapporti-internazionali%2FCooperazione-Decentrata&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonsine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonsine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiagi1975" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Enzo_Biagi" title="Enzo Biagi">Biagi, Enzo</a> (1975). <i>Italia</i>. Milan: Rizzoli Editore. pp. 81–100.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Italia&rft.place=Milan&rft.pages=81-100&rft.pub=Rizzoli+Editore&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Biagi&rft.aufirst=Enzo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlfonsine" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonsine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comune.alfonsine.ra.it">Official website</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Province_of_Ravenna" title="Template:Province of Ravenna"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Province_of_Ravenna" title="Template talk:Province of Ravenna"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Province_of_Ravenna" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Province of Ravenna"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Emilia-Romagna_·_Comuni_of_the_Province_of_Ravenna" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comuni</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ravenna" title="Province of Ravenna">Province of Ravenna</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riolo_Terme" title="Riolo Terme">Riolo Terme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russi" title="Russi">Russi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Agata_sul_Santerno" title="Sant'Agata sul Santerno">Sant'Agata sul Santerno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solarolo" title="Solarolo">Solarolo</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Provincia_di_Ravenna-Stemma.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Province of Ravenna"><img alt="Province of Ravenna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Provincia_di_Ravenna-Stemma.svg/55px-Provincia_di_Ravenna-Stemma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Provincia_di_Ravenna-Stemma.svg/83px-Provincia_di_Ravenna-Stemma.svg.png 1.5x, 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52953#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52953#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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