CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: fault kinematics</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: fault kinematics"> <meta name="keywords" content="fault kinematics"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="fault kinematics" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="fault kinematics"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 694</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: fault kinematics</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">514</span> Faults Diagnosis by Thresholding and Decision tree with Neuro-Fuzzy System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Kourd">Y. Kourd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Lefebvre"> D. Lefebvre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The monitoring of industrial processes is required to ensure operating conditions of industrial systems through automatic detection and isolation of faults. This paper proposes a method of fault diagnosis based on a neuro-fuzzy hybrid structure. This hybrid structure combines the selection of threshold and decision tree. The validation of this method is obtained with the DAMADICS benchmark. In the first phase of the method, a model will be constructed that represents the normal state of the system to fault detection. Signatures of the faults are obtained with residuals analysis and selection of appropriate thresholds. These signatures provide groups of non-separable faults. In the second phase, we build faulty models to see the flaws in the system that cannot be isolated in the first phase. In the latest phase we construct the tree that isolates these faults. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20tree" title="decision tree">decision tree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residuals%20analysis" title=" residuals analysis"> residuals analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANFIS" title=" ANFIS"> ANFIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20diagnosis" title=" fault diagnosis"> fault diagnosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26932/faults-diagnosis-by-thresholding-and-decision-tree-with-neuro-fuzzy-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26932.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">625</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">513</span> Simulation of Utility Accrual Scheduling and Recovery Algorithm in Multiprocessor Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Idawaty">A. Idawaty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Mohamed"> O. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Z.%20Zuriati"> A. Z. Zuriati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the development of an event based Discrete Event Simulation (DES) for a recovery algorithm known Backward Recovery Global Preemptive Utility Accrual Scheduling (BR_GPUAS). This algorithm implements the Backward Recovery (BR) mechanism as a fault recovery solution under the existing Time/Utility Function/ Utility Accrual (TUF/UA) scheduling domain for multiprocessor environment. The BR mechanism attempts to take the faulty tasks back to its initial safe state and then proceeds to re-execute the affected section of the faulty tasks to enable recovery. Considering that faults may occur in the components of any system; a fault tolerance system that can nullify the erroneous effect is necessary to be developed. Current TUF/UA scheduling algorithm uses the abortion recovery mechanism and it simply aborts the erroneous task as their fault recovery solution. None of the existing algorithm in TUF/UA scheduling domain in multiprocessor scheduling environment have considered the transient fault and implement the BR mechanism as a fault recovery mechanism to nullify the erroneous effect and solve the recovery problem in this domain. The developed BR_GPUAS simulator has derived the set of parameter, events and performance metrics according to a detailed analysis of the base model. Simulation results revealed that BR_GPUAS algorithm can saved almost 20-30% of the accumulated utilities making it reliable and efficient for the real-time application in the multiprocessor scheduling environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real-time%20system%20%28RTS%29" title="real-time system (RTS)">real-time system (RTS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20utility%20function%2F%20utility%20accrual%20%28TUF%2FUA%29%20scheduling" title=" time utility function/ utility accrual (TUF/UA) scheduling"> time utility function/ utility accrual (TUF/UA) scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backward%20recovery%20mechanism" title=" backward recovery mechanism"> backward recovery mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiprocessor" title=" multiprocessor"> multiprocessor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20event%20simulation%20%28DES%29" title=" discrete event simulation (DES)"> discrete event simulation (DES)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52774/simulation-of-utility-accrual-scheduling-and-recovery-algorithm-in-multiprocessor-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52774.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">512</span> Fault Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Control of Bilinear-Systems: Application to Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Systems in Multi-Zone Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderrhamane%20Jarou">Abderrhamane Jarou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dominique%20%20Sauter"> Dominique Sauter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christophe%20Aubrun"> Christophe Aubrun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the past decade, the growing demand for energy efficiency in buildings has attracted the attention of the control community. Failures in HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) systems in buildings can have a significant impact on the desired and expected energy performance of buildings and on the user's comfort as well. FTC is a recent technology area that studies the adaptation of control algorithms to faulty operating conditions of a system. The application of Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) in HVAC systems has gained attention in the last two decades. The objective is to maintain the variations in system performance due to faults within an acceptable range with respect to the desired nominal behavior. This paper considers the so-called active approach, which is based on fault and identification scheme combined with a control reconfiguration algorithm that consists in determining a new set of control parameters so that the reconfigured performance is "as close as possible, "in some sense, to the nominal performance. Thermal models of buildings and their HVAC systems are described by non-linear (usually bi-linear) equations. Most of the works carried out so far in FDI (fault diagnosis and isolation) or FTC consider a linearized model of the studied system. However, this model is only valid in a reduced range of variation. This study presents a new fault diagnosis (FD) algorithm based on a bilinear observer for the detection and accurate estimation of the magnitude of the HVAC system failure. The main contribution of the proposed FD algorithm is that instead of using specific linearized models, the algorithm inherits the structure of the actual bilinear model of the building thermal dynamics. As an immediate consequence, the algorithm is applicable to a wide range of unpredictable operating conditions, i.e., weather dynamics, outdoor air temperature, zone occupancy profile. A bilinear fault detection observer is proposed for a bilinear system with unknown inputs. The residual vector in the observer design is decoupled from the unknown inputs and, under certain conditions, is made sensitive to all faults. Sufficient conditions are given for the existence of the observer and results are given for the explicit computation of observer design matrices. Dedicated observer schemes (DOS) are considered for sensor FDI while unknown input bilinear observers are considered for actuator or system components FDI. The proposed strategy for FTC works as follows: At a first level, FDI algorithms are implemented, making it also possible to estimate the magnitude of the fault. Once the fault is detected, the fault estimation is then used to feed the second level and reconfigure the control low so that that expected performances are recovered. This paper is organized as follows. A general structure for fault-tolerant control of buildings is first presented and the building model under consideration is introduced. Then, the observer-based design for Fault Diagnosis of bilinear systems is studied. The FTC approach is developed in Section IV. Finally, a simulation example is given in Section V to illustrate the proposed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilinear%20systems" title="bilinear systems">bilinear systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20diagnosis" title=" fault diagnosis"> fault diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault-tolerant%20control" title=" fault-tolerant control"> fault-tolerant control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-zones%20building" title=" multi-zones building"> multi-zones building</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136860/fault-diagnosis-and-fault-tolerant-control-of-bilinear-systems-application-to-heating-ventilation-and-air-conditioning-systems-in-multi-zone-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136860.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">511</span> Use of Fault Tree Analysis for Technical Assessment of Waste-to-Energy Plants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying-Chu%20Chen">Ying-Chu Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Waste to energy (WTE) technology is becoming increasingly important throughout the world. There are 24 WTE plants in operation in Taiwan that might be ranked the top in density (number of MSW incinerators/area) in the world. Many problems exist in WTE plants, such as low-quality construction, leakage of pipelines, irregular feedings, and lack of maintenance. These problems should be identified and analyzed for effective implementation and efficient operation of WTE plants. This research applies a fault tree analysis (FTA) to identify failures and evaluate their effects on the operation of WTE plants from a technical point of view. Five subsystems of a WTE plant were defined, including loading system, incineration system, effluent disposal system, structural components, and control system. This research results proved that FTA is suitable for WTE evaluation and is an effective analysis tool for technical evaluation in the field of WTE technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delphi%20method" title="delphi method">delphi method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20tree%20approach" title=" fault tree approach"> fault tree approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipal%20solid%20waste" title=" municipal solid waste"> municipal solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20to%20energy" title=" waste to energy"> waste to energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WTE" title=" WTE"> WTE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30128/use-of-fault-tree-analysis-for-technical-assessment-of-waste-to-energy-plants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">567</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">510</span> Mobile Robot Manipulator Kinematics Motion Control Analysis with MATLAB/Simulink</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wayan%20Widhiada">Wayan Widhiada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cok%20Indra%20Partha"> Cok Indra Partha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gusti%20Ngurah%20Nitya%20Santhiarsa"> Gusti Ngurah Nitya Santhiarsa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to investigate the sophistication of the use of Proportional Integral and Derivative Control to control the kinematic motion of the mobile robot manipulator. Simulation and experimental methods will be used to investigate the sophistication of PID control to control the mobile robot arm in the collection and placement of several kinds of objects quickly, accurately and correctly. Mathematical modeling will be done by utilizing the integration of Solidworks and MATLAB / Simmechanics software. This method works by converting the physical model file into the xml file. This method is easy, fast and accurate done in modeling and design robotics. The automatic control design of this robot manipulator will be validated in simulations and experimental in control labs as evidence that the mobile robot manipulator gripper control design can achieve the best performance such as the error signal is lower than 5%, small overshoot and get steady signal response as quickly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20analysis" title="control analysis">control analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinematics%20motion" title=" kinematics motion"> kinematics motion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20robot%20manipulator" title=" mobile robot manipulator"> mobile robot manipulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80909/mobile-robot-manipulator-kinematics-motion-control-analysis-with-matlabsimulink" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80909.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">509</span> Role of Inherited Structures during Inversion Tectonics: An Example from Tunisia, North Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aymen%20Arfaoui">Aymen Arfaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkader%20Soumaya"> Abdelkader Soumaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Kadri"> Ali Kadri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddine%20Ben%20Ayed"> Noureddine Ben Ayed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Tunisian dorsal backland is located on the Eastern Atlas side of the Maghrebides (North Africa). The analysis of collected field data in the Rouas and Ruissate mountains area allowed us to develop new interpretations for its structural framework. Our kinematic analysis of fault-slip data reveals the presence of an extensional tectonic regime with NE-SW Shmin, characterizing the Mesozoic times. In addition, geophysical data shows that the synsedimentary normal faulting is accompanied by thickness variations of sedimentary sequences and Triassic salt movements. Then, after the Eurasia-Africa plate’s convergence during the Eocene, compressive tectonic deformations affected and reactivated the inherited NW-SE and N-S trending normal faults as dextral strike-slip and reverse faults, respectively. This tectonic inversion, with compression to the transpressional tectonic regime and NW-SE SHmax, continued during the successive shortening phases of the upper Miocene and Quaternary. The geometry of the Rouas and Ruissate belt is expressed as a fault propagation fold, affecting Jurassic and Cretaceous deposits. The Triassic evaporates constitute the decollement levels, facilitating the detachment and deformation of the sedimentary cover. The backland of this thrust belt is defined by NNE-SSW trending imbrication features that are controlled by a basement N-S fault. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisian%20dorsal%20backland" title="Tunisian dorsal backland">Tunisian dorsal backland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20slip%20data%3B%20synsedimentary%20faults" title=" fault slip data; synsedimentary faults"> fault slip data; synsedimentary faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tectonic%20inversion" title=" tectonic inversion"> tectonic inversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decollement%20level" title=" decollement level"> decollement level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20propagation%20fold" title=" fault propagation fold"> fault propagation fold</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132980/role-of-inherited-structures-during-inversion-tectonics-an-example-from-tunisia-north-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">508</span> Robust Diagnosis of an Electro-Mechanical Actuators, Bond Graph LFT Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Boulanoir">A. Boulanoir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Ould%20Bouamama"> B. Ould Bouamama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Debiane"> A. Debiane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Achour"> N. Achour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper deals with robust Fault Detection and isolation with respect to parameter uncertainties based on linear fractional transformation form (LFT) Bond graph. The innovative interest of the proposed methodology is the use only one representation for systematic generation of robust analytical redundancy relations and adaptive residual thresholds for sensibility analysis. Furthermore, the parameter uncertainties are introduced graphically in the bond graph model. The methodology applied to the nonlinear industrial Electro-Mechanical Actuators (EMA) used in avionic systems, has determined first the structural monitorability analysis (which component can be monitored) with given instrumentation architecture with any need of complex calculation and secondly robust fault indicators for online supervision. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20graph%20%28BG%29" title="bond graph (BG)">bond graph (BG)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electro%20mechanical%20actuators%20%28EMA%29" title=" electro mechanical actuators (EMA)"> electro mechanical actuators (EMA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20detection%20and%20isolation%20%28FDI%29" title=" fault detection and isolation (FDI)"> fault detection and isolation (FDI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20fractional%20transformation%20%28LFT%29" title=" linear fractional transformation (LFT)"> linear fractional transformation (LFT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechatronic%20systems" title=" mechatronic systems"> mechatronic systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameter%20uncertainties" title=" parameter uncertainties"> parameter uncertainties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=avionic%20system" title=" avionic system"> avionic system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29219/robust-diagnosis-of-an-electro-mechanical-actuators-bond-graph-lft-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29219.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">507</span> Improving Fault Tolerance and Load Balancing in Heterogeneous Grid Computing Using Fractal Transform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20M.%20Darwish">Saad M. Darwish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20A.%20El-Zoghabi"> Adel A. El-Zoghabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moustafa%20F.%20Ashry"> Moustafa F. Ashry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The popularity of the Internet and the availability of powerful computers and high-speed networks as low-cost commodity components are changing the way we use computers today. These technical opportunities have led to the possibility of using geographically distributed and multi-owner resources to solve large-scale problems in science, engineering, and commerce. Recent research on these topics has led to the emergence of a new paradigm known as Grid computing. To achieve the promising potentials of tremendous distributed resources, effective and efficient load balancing algorithms are fundamentally important. Unfortunately, load balancing algorithms in traditional parallel and distributed systems, which usually run on homogeneous and dedicated resources, cannot work well in the new circumstances. In this paper, the concept of a fast fractal transform in heterogeneous grid computing based on R-tree and the domain-range entropy is proposed to improve fault tolerance and load balancing algorithm by improve connectivity, communication delay, network bandwidth, resource availability, and resource unpredictability. A novel two-dimension figure of merit is suggested to describe the network effects on load balance and fault tolerance estimation. Fault tolerance is enhanced by adaptively decrease replication time and message cost while load balance is enhanced by adaptively decrease mean job response time. Experimental results show that the proposed method yields superior performance over other methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grid%20computing" title="Grid computing">Grid computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20balancing" title=" load balancing"> load balancing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20tolerance" title=" fault tolerance"> fault tolerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R-tree" title=" R-tree"> R-tree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20systems" title=" heterogeneous systems"> heterogeneous systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18473/improving-fault-tolerance-and-load-balancing-in-heterogeneous-grid-computing-using-fractal-transform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">506</span> Ground Grid Design at the Egyptian Side of the Proposed High Voltage Direct Current Link Tying Egypt and Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samar%20Akef">Samar Akef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahdab%20M.%20K.%20El-Morshedy"> Ahdab M. K. El-Morshedy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20M.%20Samy"> Mohamed M. Samy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20M.%20Emam"> Ahmed M. Emam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a safe and realistic design for the proposed high voltage direct current grounding grid for the converter station at Badr City in Egypt. The outcomes show that the estimated results for touch and step voltages are below the safe limits for humans in monopolar operation and fault conditions. The cross-section area of earthing conductor is computed using IEC TS 62344. The results show that touch voltage in monopolar and fault conditions are 46.6 V and 167.68 V, respectively. The optimum number of required earthing rods is obtained by an analytical method. The step voltages are 12.9 and 43 V in monopolar operation and fault conditions. In addition, this paper presents an experimental case study to verify the simulation work executed using CYMGrd software (finite element method based). The percentage error between the measured and simulated surface potential is below 15.9%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grounding" title="grounding">grounding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monopolar" title=" monopolar"> monopolar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20conditions" title=" fault conditions"> fault conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=step%20potential" title=" step potential"> step potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=touch%20potential" title=" touch potential"> touch potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CYMGrd" title=" CYMGrd"> CYMGrd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20case%20study" title=" experimental case study"> experimental case study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171058/ground-grid-design-at-the-egyptian-side-of-the-proposed-high-voltage-direct-current-link-tying-egypt-and-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">505</span> A Case Study on Performance of Isolated Bridges under Near-Fault Ground Motion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniele%20Losanno">Daniele Losanno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20A.%20Hadad"> H. A. Hadad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giorgio%20Serino"> Giorgio Serino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a numerical investigation on the seismic performance of a benchmark bridge with different optimal isolation systems under near fault ground motion. Usually, very large displacements make seismic isolation an unfeasible solution due to boundary conditions, especially in case of existing bridges or high risk seismic regions. Hence, near-fault ground motions are most likely to affect either structures with long natural period range like isolated structures or structures sensitive to velocity content such as viscously damped structures. The work is aimed at analyzing the seismic performance of a three-span continuous bridge designed with different isolation systems having different levels of damping. The case study was analyzed in different configurations including: (a) simply supported, (b) isolated with lead rubber bearings (LRBs), (c) isolated with rubber isolators and 10% classical damping (HDLRBs), and (d) isolated with rubber isolators and 70% supplemental damping ratio. Case (d) represents an alternative control strategy that combines the effect of seismic isolation with additional supplemental damping trying to take advantages from both solutions. The bridge is modeled in SAP2000 and solved by time history direct-integration analyses under a set of six recorded near-fault ground motions. In addition to this, a set of analysis under Italian code provided seismic action is also conducted, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the suggested optimal control strategies under far field seismic action. Results of the analysis demonstrated that an isolated bridge equipped with HDLRBs and a total equivalent damping ratio of 70% represents a very effective design solution for both mitigation of displacement demand at the isolation level and base shear reduction in the piers also in case of near fault ground motion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isolated%20bridges" title="isolated bridges">isolated bridges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near-fault%20motion" title=" near-fault motion"> near-fault motion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20response" title=" seismic response"> seismic response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supplemental%20damping" title=" supplemental damping"> supplemental damping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20design" title=" optimal design"> optimal design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60407/a-case-study-on-performance-of-isolated-bridges-under-near-fault-ground-motion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">504</span> Fault-Tolerant Predictive Control for Polytopic LPV Systems Subject to Sensor Faults</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofiane%20Bououden">Sofiane Bououden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilyes%20Boulkaibet"> Ilyes Boulkaibet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a robust fault-tolerant predictive control (FTPC) strategy is proposed for systems with linear parameter varying (LPV) models and input constraints subject to sensor faults. Generally, virtual observers are used for improving the observation precision and reduce the impacts of sensor faults and uncertainties in the system. However, this type of observer lacks certain system measurements which substantially reduce its accuracy. To deal with this issue, a real observer is then designed based on the virtual observer, and consequently a real observer-based robust predictive control is designed for polytopic LPV systems. Moreover, the proposed observer can entirely assure that all system states and sensor faults are estimated. As a result, and based on both observers, a robust fault-tolerant predictive control is then established via the Lyapunov method where sufficient conditions are proposed, for stability analysis and control purposes, in linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) form. Finally, simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20parameter%20varying%20systems" title="linear parameter varying systems">linear parameter varying systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault-tolerant%20predictive%20control" title=" fault-tolerant predictive control"> fault-tolerant predictive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=observer-based%20control" title=" observer-based control"> observer-based control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20faults" title=" sensor faults"> sensor faults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=input%20constraints" title=" input constraints"> input constraints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20matrix%20inequalities" title=" linear matrix inequalities"> linear matrix inequalities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139019/fault-tolerant-predictive-control-for-polytopic-lpv-systems-subject-to-sensor-faults" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139019.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">503</span> Reliability of 2D Motion Analysis System for Sagittal Plane Lower Limb Kinematics during Running</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Hamed%20Mousavi">Seyed Hamed Mousavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juha%20M.%20Hijmans"> Juha M. Hijmans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Rajabi"> Reza Rajabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ron%20Diercks"> Ron Diercks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johannes%20Zwerver"> Johannes Zwerver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henk%20van%20der%20Worp"> Henk van der Worp</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Running is one of the most popular sports activity among people. Improper sagittal plane ankle, knee and hip kinematics are considered to be associated with the increase of injury risk in runners. Motion assessing smart-phone applications are increasingly used to measure kinematics both in the field and laboratory setting, as they are cheaper, more portable, accessible, and easier to use relative to 3D motion analysis system. The aims of this study are 1) to compare the results of 3D gait analysis system and CE; 2) to evaluate the test-retest and intra-rater reliability of coach’s eye (CE) app for the sagittal plane hip, knee, and ankle angles in the touchdown and toe-off while running. Method: Twenty subjects participated in this study. Sixteen reflective markers and cluster markers were attached to the subject’s body. Subjects were asked to run at a self-selected speed on a treadmill. Twenty-five seconds of running were collected for analyzing kinematics of interest. To measure sagittal plane hip, knee and ankle joint angles at touchdown (TD) and toe off (TO), the mean of first ten acceptable consecutive strides was calculated for each angle. A smartphone (Samsung Note5, android) was placed on the right side of the subject so that whole body was simultaneously filmed with 3D gait system during running. All subjects repeated the task with the same running speed after a short interval of 5 minutes in between. The CE app, installed on the smartphone, was used to measure the sagittal plane hip, knee and ankle joint angles at touchdown and toe off the stance phase. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess test-retest and intra-rater reliability. To analyze the agreement between 3D and 2D outcomes, the Bland and Altman plot was used. The values of ICC were for Ankle at TD (TRR=0.8,IRR=0.94), ankle at TO (TRR=0.9,IRR=0.97), knee at TD (TRR=0.78,IRR=0.98), knee at TO (TRR=0.9,IRR=0.96), hip at TD (TRR=0.75,IRR=0.97), hip at TO (TRR=0.87,IRR=0.98). The Bland and Altman plots displaying a mean difference (MD) and ±2 standard deviation of MD (2SDMD) of 3D and 2D outcomes were for Ankle at TD (MD=3.71,+2SDMD=8.19, -2SDMD=-0.77), ankle at TO (MD=-1.27, +2SDMD=6.22, -2SDMD=-8.76), knee at TD (MD=1.48, +2SDMD=8.21, -2SDMD=-5.25), knee at TO (MD=-6.63, +2SDMD=3.94, -2SDMD=-17.19), hip at TD (MD=1.51, +2SDMD=9.05, -2SDMD=-6.03), hip at TO (MD=-0.18, +2SDMD=12.22, -2SDMD=-12.59). Discussion: The ability that the measurements are accurately reproduced is valuable in the performance and clinical assessment of outcomes of joint angles. The results of this study showed that the intra-rater and test-retest reliability of CE app for all kinematics measured are excellent (ICC ≥ 0.75). The Bland and Altman plots display that there are high differences of values for ankle at TD and knee at TO. Measuring ankle at TD by 2D gait analysis depends on the plane of movement. Since ankle at TD mostly occurs in the none-sagittal plane, the measurements can be different as foot progression angle at TD increases during running. The difference in values of the knee at TD can depend on how 3D and the rater detect the TO during the stance phase of running. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title="reliability">reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=running" title=" running"> running</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sagittal%20plane" title=" sagittal plane"> sagittal plane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two%20dimensional" title=" two dimensional"> two dimensional</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97575/reliability-of-2d-motion-analysis-system-for-sagittal-plane-lower-limb-kinematics-during-running" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97575.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">502</span> Fault Tree Analysis and Bayesian Network for Fire and Explosion of Crude Oil Tanks: Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Zerouali">B. Zerouali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kara"> M. Kara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Hamaidi"> B. Hamaidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Mahdjoub"> H. Mahdjoub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Rouabhia"> S. Rouabhia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a safety analysis for crude oil tanks to prevent undesirable events that may cause catastrophic accidents. The estimation of the probability of damage to industrial systems is carried out through a series of steps, and in accordance with a specific methodology. In this context, this work involves developing an assessment tool and risk analysis at the level of crude oil tanks system, based primarily on identification of various potential causes of crude oil tanks fire and explosion by the use of Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), then improved risk modelling by Bayesian Networks (BNs). Bayesian approach in the evaluation of failure and quantification of risks is a dynamic analysis approach. For this reason, have been selected as an analytical tool in this study. Research concludes that the Bayesian networks have a distinct and effective method in the safety analysis because of the flexibility of its structure; it is suitable for a wide variety of accident scenarios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bayesian%20networks" title="bayesian networks">bayesian networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crude%20oil%20tank" title=" crude oil tank"> crude oil tank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20tree" title=" fault tree"> fault tree</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title=" prediction"> prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety" title=" safety"> safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30636/fault-tree-analysis-and-bayesian-network-for-fire-and-explosion-of-crude-oil-tanks-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">660</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">501</span> Use of In-line Data Analytics and Empirical Model for Early Fault Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun-Woo%20Cho">Hyun-Woo Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Automatic process monitoring schemes are designed to give early warnings for unusual process events or abnormalities as soon as possible. For this end, various techniques have been developed and utilized in various industrial processes. It includes multivariate statistical methods, representation skills in reduced spaces, kernel-based nonlinear techniques, etc. This work presents a nonlinear empirical monitoring scheme for batch type production processes with incomplete process measurement data. While normal operation data are easy to get, unusual fault data occurs infrequently and thus are difficult to collect. In this work, noise filtering steps are added in order to enhance monitoring performance by eliminating irrelevant information of the data. The performance of the monitoring scheme was demonstrated using batch process data. The results showed that the monitoring performance was improved significantly in terms of detection success rate of process fault. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=batch%20process" title="batch process">batch process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring" title=" monitoring"> monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measurement" title=" measurement"> measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kernel%20method" title=" kernel method"> kernel method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64483/use-of-in-line-data-analytics-and-empirical-model-for-early-fault-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">500</span> Kinematics and Dynamics Analysis of Crank-Piston System of a High-Power, Nine-Cylinder Aircraft Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michal%20Bia%C5%82y">Michal Biały</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konrad%20Pietrykowski"> Konrad Pietrykowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafal%20Sochaczewski"> Rafal Sochaczewski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The kinematics and dynamics analysis of crank-piston system of aircraft engine. The object of the study was the high power aircraft engine ASz 62-IR. This engine is produced by a Polish company WSK "PZL-KALISZ" S.A.". All analyzes were performed numerically using CAD and CAE environment. Three-dimensional model of the crank-piston system was developed based on real engine located in the Laboratory of Centre of Innovation and Advanced Technologies of Lublin University of Technology. During the development of the model, the technique of reverse engineering - 3D scanning was used. ASz 62-IR engine is characterized by a radial type of crank-piston system. In this system the cylinders are arranged radially around the circle. This crank-piston system consists of a main connecting rod and eight additional connecting rods. In addition, three-dimensional model consists of a piston pins, pistons and piston rings. As a result of the specific engine design, characteristics of the piston individual movement are slightly different from each other. But the model assumes that they are the same during the analysis. Three-dimensional model of the engine was implemented into the MSC Adams software. The environment of MSC Adams allows for multibody simulation of the dynamic phenomena. This determines the state parameters of the moving elements, among which the load or force distribution on each kinematic node can be distinguished. Materials and characteristic materials parameters were adopted on the basis of commonly used materials for engine parts. The mass values of individual elements were adopted on the basis of real engine parts. The piston gas forces were replaced by calculation of pressure variations recorded during engine tests on the engine test bench. The research the changes of forces acting in the individual kinematic pairs of crank-piston system. The model allows to determine the load on the crankshaft main bearings. This gives the possibility for the main supports forces analysis The model allows for testing and simulation of kinematics and dynamics of a radial aircraft engine. This is the first stage of the work, which aims to numerical simulation of vibration of multi-cylinder aircraft engine. This work has been financed by the Polish National Centre for Research and Development, INNOLOT, under Grant Agreement No. INNOLOT/I/1/NCBR/2013. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aircraft%20engine" title="aircraft engine">aircraft engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CAD" title=" CAD"> CAD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CAE" title=" CAE"> CAE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamics" title=" dynamics"> dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinematics" title=" kinematics"> kinematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MSC%20Adams" title=" MSC Adams"> MSC Adams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49981/kinematics-and-dynamics-analysis-of-crank-piston-system-of-a-high-power-nine-cylinder-aircraft-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">499</span> Evaluating Probable Bending of Frames for Near-Field and Far-Field Records</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Saaly">Majid Saaly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahriar%20Tavousi%20Tafreshi"> Shahriar Tavousi Tafreshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Nazari%20Afshar"> Mehdi Nazari Afshar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most reinforced concrete structures are designed only under heavy loads have large transverse reinforcement spacing values, and therefore suffer severe failure after intense ground movements. The main goal of this paper is to compare the shear- and axial failure of concrete bending frames available in Tehran using incremental dynamic analysis under near- and far-field records. For this purpose, IDA analyses of 5, 10, and 15-story concrete structures were done under seven far-fault records and five near-faults records. The results show that in two-dimensional models of short-rise, mid-rise and high-rise reinforced concrete frames located on Type-3 soil, increasing the distance of the transverse reinforcement can increase the maximum inter-story drift ratio values up to 37%. According to the existing results on 5, 10, and 15-story reinforced concrete models located on Type-3 soil, records with characteristics such as fling-step and directivity create maximum drift values between floors more than far-fault earthquakes. The results indicated that in the case of seismic excitation modes under earthquake encompassing directivity or fling-step, the probability values of failure and failure possibility increasing rate values are much smaller than the corresponding values of far-fault earthquakes. However, in near-fault frame records, the probability of exceedance occurs at lower seismic intensities compared to far-fault records. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IDA" title="IDA">IDA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure%20curve" title=" failure curve"> failure curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directivity" title=" directivity"> directivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20floor%20drift" title=" maximum floor drift"> maximum floor drift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fling%20step" title=" fling step"> fling step</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluating%20probable%20bending%20of%20frames" title=" evaluating probable bending of frames"> evaluating probable bending of frames</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near-field%20and%20far-field%20earthquake%20records" title=" near-field and far-field earthquake records"> near-field and far-field earthquake records</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149698/evaluating-probable-bending-of-frames-for-near-field-and-far-field-records" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149698.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">498</span> Intelligent Fault Diagnosis for the Connection Elements of Modular Offshore Platforms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jixiang%20Lei">Jixiang Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Fuchs"> Alexander Fuchs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Franz%20Pernkopf"> Franz Pernkopf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katrin%20Ellermann"> Katrin Ellermann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Within the Space@Sea project, funded by the Horizon 2020 program, an island consisting of multiple platforms was designed. The platforms are connected by ropes and fenders. The connection is critical with respect to the safety of the whole system. Therefore, fault detection systems are investigated, which could detect early warning signs for a possible failure in the connection elements. Previously, a model-based method called Extended Kalman Filter was developed to detect the reduction of rope stiffness. This method detected several types of faults reliably, but some types of faults were much more difficult to detect. Furthermore, the model-based method is sensitive to environmental noise. When the wave height is low, a long time is needed to detect a fault and the accuracy is not always satisfactory. In this sense, it is necessary to develop a more accurate and robust technique that can detect all rope faults under a wide range of operational conditions. Inspired by this work on the Space at Sea design, we introduce a fault diagnosis method based on deep neural networks. Our method cannot only detect rope degradation by using the acceleration data from each platform but also estimate the contributions of the specific acceleration sensors using methods from explainable AI. In order to adapt to different operational conditions, the domain adaptation technique DANN is applied. The proposed model can accurately estimate rope degradation under a wide range of environmental conditions and help users understand the relationship between the output and the contributions of each acceleration sensor. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20diagnosis" title="fault diagnosis">fault diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domain%20adaptation" title=" domain adaptation"> domain adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explainable%20AI" title=" explainable AI"> explainable AI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144740/intelligent-fault-diagnosis-for-the-connection-elements-of-modular-offshore-platforms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144740.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">497</span> Utilizing Temporal and Frequency Features in Fault Detection of Electric Motor Bearings with Advanced Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Arabi">Mohammad Arabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of advanced technologies in the field of signal processing and vibration analysis has enabled more accurate analysis and fault detection in electrical systems. This research investigates the application of temporal and frequency features in detecting faults in electric motor bearings, aiming to enhance fault detection accuracy and prevent unexpected failures. The use of methods such as deep learning algorithms and neural networks in this process can yield better results. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the efficiency and accuracy of methods based on temporal and frequency features in identifying faults in electric motor bearings to prevent sudden breakdowns and operational issues. Additionally, the feasibility of using techniques such as machine learning and optimization algorithms to improve the fault detection process is also considered. This research employed an experimental method and random sampling. Vibration signals were collected from electric motors under normal and faulty conditions. After standardizing the data, temporal and frequency features were extracted. These features were then analyzed using statistical methods such as analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-tests, as well as machine learning algorithms like artificial neural networks and support vector machines (SVM). The results showed that using temporal and frequency features significantly improves the accuracy of fault detection in electric motor bearings. ANOVA indicated significant differences between normal and faulty signals. Additionally, t-tests confirmed statistically significant differences between the features extracted from normal and faulty signals. Machine learning algorithms such as neural networks and SVM also significantly increased detection accuracy, demonstrating high effectiveness in timely and accurate fault detection. This study demonstrates that using temporal and frequency features combined with machine learning algorithms can serve as an effective tool for detecting faults in electric motor bearings. This approach not only enhances fault detection accuracy but also simplifies and streamlines the detection process. However, challenges such as data standardization and the cost of implementing advanced monitoring systems must also be considered. Utilizing temporal and frequency features in fault detection of electric motor bearings, along with advanced machine learning methods, offers an effective solution for preventing failures and ensuring the operational health of electric motors. Given the promising results of this research, it is recommended that this technology be more widely adopted in industrial maintenance processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20motor" title="electric motor">electric motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20detection" title=" fault detection"> fault detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20features" title=" frequency features"> frequency features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20features" title=" temporal features"> temporal features</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186563/utilizing-temporal-and-frequency-features-in-fault-detection-of-electric-motor-bearings-with-advanced-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186563.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">47</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">496</span> Alternator Fault Detection Using Wigner-Ville Distribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amin%20Ranjbar">Amin Ranjbar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Arsalan%20Jalili%20Zolfaghari"> Amir Arsalan Jalili Zolfaghari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Abolfazl%20Suratgar"> Amir Abolfazl Suratgar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrdad%20Khajavi"> Mehrdad Khajavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes two stages of learning-based fault detection procedure in alternators. The procedure consists of three states of machine condition namely shortened brush, high impedance relay and maintaining a healthy condition in the alternator. The fault detection algorithm uses Wigner-Ville distribution as a feature extractor and also appropriate feature classifier. In this work, ANN (Artificial Neural Network) and also SVM (support vector machine) were compared to determine more suitable performance evaluated by the mean squared of errors criteria. Modules work together to detect possible faulty conditions of machines working. To test the method performance, a signal database is prepared by making different conditions on a laboratory setup. Therefore, it seems by implementing this method, satisfactory results are achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternator" title="alternator">alternator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title=" artificial neural network"> artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20vector%20machine" title=" support vector machine"> support vector machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-frequency%20analysis" title=" time-frequency analysis"> time-frequency analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wigner-Ville%20distribution" title=" Wigner-Ville distribution"> Wigner-Ville distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60556/alternator-fault-detection-using-wigner-ville-distribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">495</span> Process Data-Driven Representation of Abnormalities for Efficient Process Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun-Woo%20Cho">Hyun-Woo Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Unexpected operational events or abnormalities of industrial processes have a serious impact on the quality of final product of interest. In terms of statistical process control, fault detection and diagnosis of processes is one of the essential tasks needed to run the process safely. In this work, nonlinear representation of process measurement data is presented and evaluated using a simulation process. The effect of using different representation methods on the diagnosis performance is tested in terms of computational efficiency and data handling. The results have shown that the nonlinear representation technique produced more reliable diagnosis results and outperforms linear methods. The use of data filtering step improved computational speed and diagnosis performance for test data sets. The presented scheme is different from existing ones in that it attempts to extract the fault pattern in the reduced space, not in the original process variable space. Thus this scheme helps to reduce the sensitivity of empirical models to noise. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20diagnosis" title="fault diagnosis">fault diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20technique" title=" nonlinear technique"> nonlinear technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20data" title=" process data"> process data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduced%20spaces" title=" reduced spaces"> reduced spaces</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54674/process-data-driven-representation-of-abnormalities-for-efficient-process-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54674.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">494</span> Dynamic Fault Diagnosis for Semi-Batch Reactor Under Closed-Loop Control via Independent RBFNN</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkarim%20M.%20Ertiame">Abdelkarim M. Ertiame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20W.%20Yu"> D. W. Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20L.%20Yu"> D. L. Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20B.%20Gomm"> J. B. Gomm</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a new robust fault detection and isolation (FDI) scheme is developed to monitor a multivariable nonlinear chemical process called the Chylla-Haase polymerization reactor when it is under the cascade PI control. The scheme employs a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) in an independent mode to model the process dynamics and using the weighted sum-squared prediction error as the residual. The recursive orthogonal Least Squares algorithm (ROLS) is employed to train the model to overcome the training difficulty of the independent mode of the network. Then, another RBFNN is used as a fault classifier to isolate faults from different features involved in the residual vector. The several actuator and sensor faults are simulated in a nonlinear simulation of the reactor in Simulink. The scheme is used to detect and isolate the faults on-line. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the scheme even the process is subjected to disturbances and uncertainties including significant changes in the monomer feed rate, fouling factor, impurity factor, ambient temperature and measurement noise. The simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robust%20fault%20detection" title="Robust fault detection">Robust fault detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cascade%20control" title=" cascade control"> cascade control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=independent%20RBF%20model" title=" independent RBF model"> independent RBF model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RBF%20neural%20networks" title=" RBF neural networks"> RBF neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chylla-Haase%20reactor" title=" Chylla-Haase reactor"> Chylla-Haase reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FDI%20under%20closed-loop%20control" title=" FDI under closed-loop control"> FDI under closed-loop control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34308/dynamic-fault-diagnosis-for-semi-batch-reactor-under-closed-loop-control-via-independent-rbfnn" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34308.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">498</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">493</span> Ground Short Circuit Contributions of a MV Distribution Line Equipped with PWMSC</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Zellagui">Mohamed Zellagui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20Ahmed%20Hassan"> Heba Ahmed Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a new approach for the calculation of short-circuit parameters in the presence of Pulse Width Modulated based Series Compensator (PWMSC). PWMSC is a newly Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) device that can modulate the impedance of a transmission line through applying a variation to the duty cycle (D) of a train of pulses with fixed frequency. This results in an improvement of the system performance as it provides virtual compensation of distribution line impedance by injecting controllable apparent reactance in series with the distribution line. This controllable reactance can operate in both capacitive and inductive modes and this makes PWMSC highly effective in controlling the power flow and increasing system stability in the system. The purpose of this work is to study the impact of fault resistance (RF) which varies between 0 to 30 Ω on the fault current calculations in case of a ground fault and a fixed fault location. The case study is for a medium voltage (MV) Algerian distribution line which is compensated by PWMSC in the 30 kV Algerian distribution power network. The analysis is based on symmetrical components method which involves the calculations of symmetrical components of currents and voltages, without and with PWMSC in both cases of maximum and minimum duty cycle value for capacitive and inductive modes. The paper presents simulation results which are verified by the theoretical analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulse%20width%20modulated%20series%20compensator%20%28pwmsc%29" title="pulse width modulated series compensator (pwmsc)">pulse width modulated series compensator (pwmsc)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=duty%20cycle" title=" duty cycle"> duty cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20line" title=" distribution line"> distribution line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=short-circuit%20calculations" title=" short-circuit calculations"> short-circuit calculations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20fault" title=" ground fault"> ground fault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symmetrical%20components%20method" title=" symmetrical components method"> symmetrical components method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31336/ground-short-circuit-contributions-of-a-mv-distribution-line-equipped-with-pwmsc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">500</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">492</span> Strong Ground Motion Characteristics Revealed by Accelerograms in Ms8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Su">Jie Su</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenghua%20Zhou"> Zhenghua Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yushi%20Wang"> Yushi Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongyi%20Li"> Yongyi Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ground motion characteristics, which are given by the analysis of acceleration records, underlie the formulation and revision of the seismic design code of structural engineering. China Digital Strong Motion Network had recorded a lot of accelerograms of main shock from 478 permanent seismic stations, during the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008. These accelerograms provided a large number of essential data for the analysis of ground motion characteristics of the event. The spatial distribution characteristics, rupture directivity effect, hanging-wall and footwall effect had been studied based on these acceleration records. The results showed that the contours of horizontal peak ground acceleration and peak velocity were approximately parallel to the seismogenic fault which demonstrated that the distribution of the ground motion intensity was obviously controlled by the spatial extension direction of the seismogenic fault. Compared with the peak ground acceleration (PGA) recorded on the sites away from which the front of the fault rupture propagates, the PGA recorded on the sites toward which the front of the fault rupture propagates had larger amplitude and shorter duration, which indicated a significant rupture directivity effect. With the similar fault distance, the PGA of the hanging-wall is apparently greater than that of the foot-wall, while the peak velocity fails to observe this rule. Taking account of the seismic intensity distribution of Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake, the shape of strong ground motion contours was significantly affected by the directional effect in the regions with Chinese seismic intensity level VI ~ VIII. However, in the regions whose Chinese seismic intensity level are equal or greater than VIII, the mutual positional relationship between the strong ground motion contours and the surface outcrop trace of the fault was evidently influenced by the hanging-wall and foot-wall effect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hanging-wall%20and%20foot-wall%20effect" title="hanging-wall and foot-wall effect">hanging-wall and foot-wall effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20ground%20acceleration" title=" peak ground acceleration"> peak ground acceleration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rupture%20directivity%20effect" title=" rupture directivity effect"> rupture directivity effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strong%20ground%20motion" title=" strong ground motion"> strong ground motion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66315/strong-ground-motion-characteristics-revealed-by-accelerograms-in-ms80-wenchuan-earthquake" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">491</span> Hydrodynamic Analysis of Fish Fin Kinematics of Oreochromis Niloticus Using Machine Learning and Image Processing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paramvir%20Singh">Paramvir Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The locomotion of aquatic organisms has long fascinated biologists and engineers alike, with fish fins serving as a prime example of nature's remarkable adaptations for efficient underwater propulsion. This paper presents a comprehensive study focused on the hydrodynamic analysis of fish fin kinematics, employing an innovative approach that combines machine learning and image processing techniques. Through high-speed videography and advanced computational tools, we gain insights into the complex and dynamic motion of the fins of a Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) fish. This study was initially done by experimentally capturing videos of the various motions of a Tilapia in a custom-made setup. Using deep learning and image processing on the videos, the motion of the Caudal and Pectoral fin was extracted. This motion included the fin configuration (i.e., the angle of deviation from the mean position) with respect to time. Numerical investigations for the flapping fins are then performed using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver. 3D models of the fins were created, mimicking the real-life geometry of the fins. Thrust Characteristics of separate fins (i.e., Caudal and Pectoral separately) and when the fins are together were studied. The relationship and the phase between caudal and pectoral fin motion were also discussed. The key objectives include mathematical modeling of the motion of a flapping fin at different naturally occurring frequencies and amplitudes. The interactions between both fins (caudal and pectoral) were also an area of keen interest. This work aims to improve on research that has been done in the past on similar topics. Also, these results can help in the better and more efficient design of the propulsion systems for biomimetic underwater vehicles that are used to study aquatic ecosystems, explore uncharted or challenging underwater regions, do ocean bed modeling, etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomimetics" title="biomimetics">biomimetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20fin%20kinematics" title=" fish fin kinematics"> fish fin kinematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20tracking" title=" fish tracking"> fish tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underwater%20vehicles" title=" underwater vehicles"> underwater vehicles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175621/hydrodynamic-analysis-of-fish-fin-kinematics-of-oreochromis-niloticus-using-machine-learning-and-image-processing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">490</span> Transient Voltage Distribution on the Single Phase Transmission Line under Short Circuit Fault Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kojah">A. Kojah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Nacaro%C4%9Flu"> A. Nacaroğlu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Single phase transmission lines are used to transfer data or energy between two users. Transient conditions such as switching operations and short circuit faults cause the generation of the fluctuation on the waveform to be transmitted. Spatial voltage distribution on the single phase transmission line may change owing to the position and duration of the short circuit fault in the system. In this paper, the state space representation of the single phase transmission line for short circuit fault and for various types of terminations is given. Since the transmission line is modeled in time domain using distributed parametric elements, the mathematical representation of the event is given in state space (time domain) differential equation form. It also makes easy to solve the problem because of the time and space dependent characteristics of the voltage variations on the distributed parametrically modeled transmission line. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20transmission" title="energy transmission">energy transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20effects" title=" transient effects"> transient effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20line" title=" transmission line"> transmission line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20voltage" title=" transient voltage"> transient voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RLC%20short%20circuit" title=" RLC short circuit"> RLC short circuit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20phase" title=" single phase"> single phase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86007/transient-voltage-distribution-on-the-single-phase-transmission-line-under-short-circuit-fault-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86007.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">489</span> The Simultaneous Effect of Horizontal and Vertical Earthquake Components on the Seismic Response of Buckling-Restrained Braced Frame</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Shokrollahi">Mahdi Shokrollahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the past years, much research has been conducted on the vulnerability of structures to earthquakes, which only horizontal components of the earthquake were considered in their seismic analysis and vertical earthquake acceleration especially in near-fault area was less considered. The investigation of the mappings shows that vertical earthquake acceleration can be significantly closer to the maximum horizontal earthquake acceleration, and even exceeds it in some cases. This study has compared the behavior of different members of three steel moment frame with a buckling-restrained brace (BRB), one time only by considering the horizontal component and again by considering simultaneously the horizontal and vertical components under the three mappings of the near-fault area and the effect of vertical acceleration on structural responses is investigated. Finally, according to the results, the vertical component of the earthquake has a greater effect on the axial force of the columns and the vertical displacement of the middle of the beams of the different classes and less on the lateral displacement of the classes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20earthquake%20acceleration" title="vertical earthquake acceleration">vertical earthquake acceleration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near-fault%20area" title=" near-fault area"> near-fault area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20frame" title=" steel frame"> steel frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20and%20vertical%20component%20of%20earthquake" title=" horizontal and vertical component of earthquake"> horizontal and vertical component of earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buckling-restrained%20brace" title=" buckling-restrained brace"> buckling-restrained brace</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91326/the-simultaneous-effect-of-horizontal-and-vertical-earthquake-components-on-the-seismic-response-of-buckling-restrained-braced-frame" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91326.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">488</span> Round Addition DFA on Lightweight Block Ciphers with On-The-Fly Key Schedule</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hideki%20Yoshikawa">Hideki Yoshikawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masahiro%20Kaminaga"> Masahiro Kaminaga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arimitsu%20Shikoda"> Arimitsu Shikoda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshinori%20Suzuki"> Toshinori Suzuki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Round addition differential fault analysis (DFA) using operation bypassing for lightweight block ciphers with on-the-fly key schedule is presented. For 64-bit KLEIN and 64-bit LED, it is shown that only a pair of correct ciphertext and faulty ciphertext can derive the secret master key. For PRESENT, one correct ciphertext and two faulty ciphertexts are required to reconstruct the secret key. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20fault%20analysis%20%28DFA%29" title="differential fault analysis (DFA)">differential fault analysis (DFA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=round%20addition" title=" round addition"> round addition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=block%20cipher" title=" block cipher"> block cipher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=on-the-fly%20key%20schedule" title=" on-the-fly key schedule"> on-the-fly key schedule</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35859/round-addition-dfa-on-lightweight-block-ciphers-with-on-the-fly-key-schedule" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35859.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">703</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">487</span> Realistic Testing Procedure of Power Swing Blocking Function in Distance Relay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzad%20Razavi">Farzad Razavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behrooz%20Taheri"> Behrooz Taheri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Parpaei"> Mohammad Parpaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Mohammadi%20Ghalesefidi"> Mehdi Mohammadi Ghalesefidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siamak%20Zarei"> Siamak Zarei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As one of the major problems in protecting large-dimension power systems, power swing and its effect on distance have caused a lot of damages to energy transfer systems in many parts of the world. Therefore, power swing has gained attentions of many researchers, which has led to invention of different methods for power swing detection. Power swing detection algorithm is highly important in distance relay, but protection relays should have general requirements such as correct fault detection, response rate, and minimization of disturbances in a power system. To ensure meeting the requirements, protection relays need different tests during development, setup, maintenance, configuration, and troubleshooting steps. This paper covers power swing scheme of the modern numerical relay protection, 7sa522 to address the effect of the different fault types on the function of the power swing blocking. In this study, it was shown that the different fault types during power swing cause different time for unblocking distance relay. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20swing" title="power swing">power swing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distance%20relay" title=" distance relay"> distance relay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20system%20protection" title=" power system protection"> power system protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20test" title=" relay test"> relay test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20in%20power%20system" title=" transient in power system"> transient in power system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82234/realistic-testing-procedure-of-power-swing-blocking-function-in-distance-relay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82234.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">486</span> Geothermal Prospect Prediction at Mt. Ciremai Using Fault and Fracture Density Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rifqi%20Alfadhillah%20Sentosa">Rifqi Alfadhillah Sentosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasbi%20Fikru%20Syabi"> Hasbi Fikru Syabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen"> Stephen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> West Java is a province in Indonesia which has a number of volcanoes. One of those volcanoes is Mt. Ciremai, located administratively at Kuningan and Majalengka District, and is known for its significant geothermal potential in Java Island. This research aims to assume geothermal prospects at Mt. Ciremai using Fault and Fracture Density (FFD) Method, which is correlated to the geochemistry of geothermal manifestations around the mountain. This FFD method is using SRTM data to draw lineaments, which are assumed associated with fractures and faults in the research area. These faults and fractures were assumed as the paths for reservoir fluids to reached surface as geothermal manifestations. The goal of this method is to analyze the density of those lineaments found in the research area. Based on this FFD Method, it is known that area with high density of lineaments located on Mt. Kromong at the northern side of Mt. Ciremai. This prospect area is proven by its higher geothermometer values compared to geothermometer values calculated at the south area of Mt. Ciremai. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geothermal%20prospect" title="geothermal prospect">geothermal prospect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20and%20fracture%20density" title=" fault and fracture density"> fault and fracture density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mt.%20Ciremai" title=" Mt. Ciremai"> Mt. Ciremai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20manifestation" title=" surface manifestation"> surface manifestation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64285/geothermal-prospect-prediction-at-mt-ciremai-using-fault-and-fracture-density-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">485</span> The Analysis of Loss-of-Excitation Algorithm for Synchronous Generators</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavle%20Daki%C4%87">Pavle Dakić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitrije%20Kotur"> Dimitrije Kotur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zoran%20Stojanovi%C4%87"> Zoran Stojanović</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the results of the study in which the excitation system fault of synchronous generator is simulated. In a case of excitation system fault (loss of field), distance relay is used to prevent further damage. Loss-of-field relay calculates complex impedance using measured voltage and current at the generator terminals. In order to obtain phasors from sampled measured values, discrete Fourier transform is used. All simulations are conducted using Matlab and Simulink software package. The analysis is conducted on the two machine system which supplies equivalent load. While simulating loss of excitation on one generator in different conditions (at idle operation, weakly loaded, and fully loaded), diagrams of active power, reactive power, and measured impedance are analyzed and monitored. Moreover, in the simulations, the effect of generator load on relay tripping time is investigated. In conclusion, the performed tests confirm that the fault in the excitation system can be detected by measuring the impedance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loss-of-excitation" title="loss-of-excitation">loss-of-excitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synchronous%20generator" title=" synchronous generator"> synchronous generator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distance%20protection" title=" distance protection"> distance protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fourier%20transformation" title=" Fourier transformation"> Fourier transformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64811/the-analysis-of-loss-of-excitation-algorithm-for-synchronous-generators" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64811.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20kinematics&page=6" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20kinematics&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20kinematics&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20kinematics&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20kinematics&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20kinematics&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20kinematics&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">7</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20kinematics&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20kinematics&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20kinematics&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20kinematics&page=23">23</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20kinematics&page=24">24</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20kinematics&page=8" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>