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It began in 1834 as a <a href="/wiki/Theme_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme (music)">theme</a> and sixteen <a href="/wiki/Variation_(music)" title="Variation (music)">variations</a> on a theme by Baron von Fricken, plus a further variation on an entirely different theme by <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Marschner" title="Heinrich Marschner">Heinrich Marschner</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphonic_Studies&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first edition in 1837 carried an annotation that the tune was "the composition of an amateur": this referred to the origin of the theme, which had been sent to Schumann by Baron von Fricken, guardian of Ernestine von Fricken, the Estrella of his <i><a href="/wiki/Carnaval_(Schumann)" title="Carnaval (Schumann)">Carnaval</a></i> Op. 9. The baron, an amateur musician, had used the melody in a <i>Theme with Variations</i> for flute. Schumann had been engaged to Ernestine in 1834, only to break abruptly with her the year after. An autobiographical element is thus interwoven in the genesis of the <i>Études symphoniques</i> (as in that of many other works of Schumann's).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the sixteen variations Schumann composed on Fricken's theme, only eleven were published by him. (An early version, completed between 1834 and January 1835, contained twelve movements). The final, twelfth, published étude was a variation on the theme from the Romance <i>Du stolzes England freue dich</i> (Proud England, rejoice!), from <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Marschner" title="Heinrich Marschner">Heinrich Marschner</a>'s opera <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Templer_und_die_J%C3%BCdin" title="Der Templer und die Jüdin">Der Templer und die Jüdin</a></i>, which was based on Sir <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Ivanhoe" title="Ivanhoe">Ivanhoe</a></i> (as a tribute to Schumann's English friend, <a href="/wiki/William_Sterndale_Bennett" title="William Sterndale Bennett">William Sterndale Bennett</a>). The earlier Fricken theme occasionally appears briefly during this étude. The work was first published in 1837 as <i>XII Études Symphoniques</i>. Only nine of the twelve études were specifically designated as variations. The sequence was as follows: </p> <ul><li>Theme – <i>Andante</i> [C<sup>♯</sup> minor]</li> <li>Etude I (Variation 1) – <i>Un poco più vivo</i> [C<sup>♯</sup> minor]</li> <li>Etude II (Variation 2) – <i>Andante</i> [C<sup>♯</sup> minor]</li> <li>Etude III – <i>Vivace</i> [E Major]</li> <li>Etude IV (Variation 3) – <i>Allegro marcato</i> [C<sup>♯</sup> minor]</li> <li>Etude V (Variation 4) – <i>Scherzando</i> [C<sup>♯</sup> minor]</li> <li>Etude VI (Variation 5) – <i>Agitato</i> [C<sup>♯</sup> minor]</li> <li>Etude VII (Variation 6) – <i>Allegro molto</i> [E Major]</li> <li>Etude VIII (Variation 7) – <i>Sempre marcatissimo</i> [C<sup>♯</sup> minor]</li> <li>Etude IX – <i>Presto possibile</i> [C<sup>♯</sup> minor]</li> <li>Etude X (Variation 8) – <i>Allegro con energia</i> [C<sup>♯</sup> minor]</li> <li>Etude XI (Variation 9) – <i>Andante espressivo</i> [G<sup>♯</sup> minor]</li> <li>Etude XII (Finale) – <i>Allegro brillante</i> (based on Marschner's theme) [D<sup>♭</sup> Major]</li></ul> <p>Other titles had been considered in September 1834: <i>Variations pathétiques</i> and <i>Etuden im Orchestercharakter von Florestan und Eusebius</i>. In this latter case the <i>Études</i> would have been signed by two imaginary figures in whom Schumann personified two essential, opposite and complementary aspects of his own personality and his own poetic world. 'Florestan and Eusebius' then signed the <i><a href="/wiki/Davidsb%C3%BCndlert%C3%A4nze" title="Davidsbündlertänze">Davidsbündlertänze</a></i>, Op. 6; but only in the 1835 version of the <i>Études symphoniques</i> were the pieces divided so as to emphasize the alternation of more lyrical, melancholy and introvert pages (Eusebius) with those of a more excitable and dynamic nature (Florestan). In the 1837 version Florestan prevails. </p><p>Fifteen years later, in a second edition (Leipzig 1852), the 1837 title <i>Études symphoniques</i> became <i>Études en forme de variations</i>, two etudes (Nos. 3 and 9) that did not correspond to the new title (not being exactly variations) were eliminated, and some revisions were made in the piano writing. </p><p>The entire work was dedicated to Schumann's English friend, the pianist and composer <a href="/wiki/William_Sterndale_Bennett" title="William Sterndale Bennett">William Sterndale Bennett</a>. Bennett played the piece frequently in England to great acclaim, but Schumann thought it was unsuitable for public performance and advised his wife <a href="/wiki/Clara_Schumann" title="Clara Schumann">Clara</a> not to play it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Character">Character</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphonic_Studies&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Character"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leaving aside the allusions to Florestan and Eusebius, all of Schumann's proposed titles show some of the essential character of Op. 13's conception. This was of 'studies' in the sense that the term had assumed in <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Frédéric Chopin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tudes_(Chopin)#Études_Op._10" title="Études (Chopin)">Op. 10</a>, that is to say, concert pieces in which the investigation of possibilities of technique and timbre in writing for the piano is carried out; they are 'symphonic études' through the wealth and complexity of the colours evoked – the keyboard becomes an "orchestra" capable of blending, contrasting or superimposing different timbres. </p><p>If etudes Nos. 3 and 9 are excluded, where the connection with the theme is tenuous, the etudes are in variation form. It was not the first time that Schumann had tackled variation form.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But here the variation principle is used more as free transformation, no longer of an actual theme, but of a musical 'cell' or cells (as for example in the same composer's <i>Carnaval</i>). The <i>Études symphoniques</i> learn the lesson of <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Diabelli_Variations" title="Diabelli Variations">Diabelli Variations</a></i>: the theme that acts as a unifying element is amplified and transformed, and becomes the basis from which blossom inventions of divergent expressive character. The work also shows the influence of the <i><a href="/wiki/Goldberg_Variations" title="Goldberg Variations">Goldberg Variations</a></i>, most obviously in the use of a pseudo-<a href="/wiki/French_overture" title="French overture">French overture</a> variation, and in the use of various <a href="/wiki/Canon_(music)" title="Canon (music)">canonic</a> effects. </p><p>The highly virtuosic demands of the piano writing are frequently aimed not merely at effect but at clarification of the <a href="/wiki/Polyphony" title="Polyphony">polyphonic</a> complexity and at delving more deeply into keyboard experimentation. The Etudes are considered to be one of the most difficult works for piano by Schumann (together with his <i>Fantasy in C</i> and <i>Toccata</i>) and in Romantic literature as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_publication_history">Later publication history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphonic_Studies&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Later publication history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1861, five years after Schumann's death, his father-in-law <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wieck" title="Friedrich Wieck">Friedrich Wieck</a> published a third edition under the editorial pseudonym "DAS" (an <a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">acronym</a> for <i>Der alte Schulmeister</i>). This edition attempted to reconcile the differences between the earlier two, and bore both the previous titles <i>XII Études Symphoniques</i> and <i>Études en forme de variations</i>. </p><p>On republishing the set in 1890, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Johannes Brahms</a> restored the five variations that had been cut by Schumann. These are now often played, but in positions within the cycle that vary somewhat with each performance; there are now twelve variations and these five so-called "posthumous" variations which exist as a supplement. </p><p>The five posthumously published sections (all based on Fricken's theme) are: </p> <ul><li>Variation I – <i>Andante, Tempo del tema</i></li> <li>Variation II – <i>Meno mosso</i></li> <li>Variation III – <i>Allegro</i></li> <li>Variation IV – <i>Allegretto</i></li> <li>Variation V – <i>Moderato</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orchestrations">Orchestrations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphonic_Studies&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Orchestrations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two sections, including the <i>Allegro brillante</i>, were orchestrated by <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky</a>, and have been recorded.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphonic_Studies&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The link would have been obvious if the composer had retained the title of the 1835 version, <i>Fantaisies et Finale sur un theme de M. le Baron de Fricken</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Examples include the <i>Abegg Variations</i>, Op. 1 (though much less complex); some incomplete youthful pages (from which stand out the Variations on the Allegretto of <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._7_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 7 (Beethoven)">7th Symphony</a>, where the manner in which the variations are conceived is already completely alien to the virtuosically ornamented convention then prevalent); and the <i>Impromptus on a theme of Clara Wieck</i>, Op. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNauhaus1994" class="citation cs2">Nauhaus, Gerd (1994-12-31), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400863860.113">"Schumann's Symphonic Finales"</a>, <i>Schumann and His World</i>, Princeton University Press, pp. 113–128, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9781400863860.113">10.1515/9781400863860.113</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-6386-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-6386-0"><bdi>978-1-4008-6386-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-12</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Schumann+and+His+World&rft.atitle=Schumann%27s+Symphonic+Finales&rft.pages=113-128&rft.date=1994-12-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9781400863860.113&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-6386-0&rft.aulast=Nauhaus&rft.aufirst=Gerd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1515%2F9781400863860.113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASymphonic+Studies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.ca/dp/B000H4VZ4O">Amazon</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symphonic_Studies&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classyclassical.blogspot.com/2005/10/robert-schumanns-symphonic-etudes.html">Robert Schumann's Symphonic Etudes</a> Analysis and description of Robert Schumann's Symphonic Etudes</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080221092430/http://uk.geocities.com/robert_schumann_19980225/op13.html">Analysis of the Etudes</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived February 21, 2008)</li> <li><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Symphonic_Etudes,_Op.13_(Schumann,_Robert)" class="extiw" title="scores:Symphonic Etudes, Op.13 (Schumann, Robert)">Symphonic Etudes</a>: Scores at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7W1d1_Ak_Y"><span class="plainlinks">Schumann: Symphonic Studies, Op. 13</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> performed by Peter Bradley-Fulgoni</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Single-movement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding-left:0.35em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Variations_on_the_name_%22Abegg%22" title="Variations on the name "Abegg""><i>Variations on the name "Abegg"</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toccata_(Schumann)" title="Toccata (Schumann)"> <i>Toccata</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabeske_(Schumann)" title="Arabeske (Schumann)"><i>Arabeske</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blumenst%C3%BCck_(Schumann)" title="Blumenstück (Schumann)"><i>Blumenstück</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humoreske_(Schumann)" title="Humoreske (Schumann)"><i>Humoreske</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geistervariationen" title="Geistervariationen"><i>Geistervariationen</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Suites and<br />collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding-left:0.35em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papillons" title="Papillons"><i>Papillons</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davidsb%C3%BCndlert%C3%A4nze" title="Davidsbündlertänze"><i>Davidsbündlertänze</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnaval_(Schumann)" title="Carnaval (Schumann)"><i>Carnaval</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasiest%C3%BCcke,_Op._12" title="Fantasiestücke, Op. 12"><i>Fantasiestücke</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphonic_Studies_(Schumann)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symphonic Studies (Schumann)"><i>Symphonic Studies</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinderszenen" title="Kinderszenen"><i>Kinderszenen</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kreisleriana" title="Kreisleriana"><i>Kreisleriana</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novelletten_(Schumann)" title="Novelletten (Schumann)"><i>Novelletten</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nachtst%C3%BCcke" title="Nachtstücke"><i>Nachtstücke</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faschingsschwank_aus_Wien" title="Faschingsschwank aus Wien"><i>Faschingsschwank aus Wien</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album_for_the_Young" title="Album for the Young"><i>Album for the Young</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldszenen" title="Waldszenen"><i>Waldszenen</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunte_Bl%C3%A4tter" title="Bunte Blätter"><i>Bunte Blätter</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Fantasiest%C3%BCcke,_Op._111" title="Three Fantasiestücke, Op. 111"><i>Drei Fantasiestücke</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albumbl%C3%A4tter_(Schumann)" title="Albumblätter (Schumann)"><i>Albumblätter</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ges%C3%A4nge_der_Fr%C3%BChe" title="Gesänge der Frühe"><i>Gesänge der Frühe</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_solo_piano_compositions_by_Robert_Schumann" title="List of solo piano compositions by Robert Schumann">List of solo piano compositions by Robert Schumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Robert_Schumann" title="List of compositions by Robert Schumann">List of compositions by Robert Schumann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374316#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374316#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374316#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/174508163">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/300144660">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81055337">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13918930p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13918930p">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007581093305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058525236606706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Symphonic Etudes for Piano, op. 13 (first edition, 1837)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/work/5dfe1c03-1c37-4dec-b438-9328a0601d8a">MusicBrainz work</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Symphonic_Studies&oldid=1253208019">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Symphonic_Studies&oldid=1253208019</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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