CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135fa202baffd37',cH: 'hG.64Dgrw1LJ4ku2RgiA3uAEtZg3MJsBAnIGV45K5_A-1739797401-1.2.1.1-bpWxgbkm4aH1S5VypDbV7N7PzE3X9gsxd2Zs9HAHm26vdhUM6hEpcDo4xZRUa_BB',cUPMDTk: "\/9036\/apa?__cf_chl_tk=E0pjd_ed8v.2bZ1ZDc7ZCcbihO_R6xTKQy0QbddUM7c-1739797401-1.0.1.1-VSULKDqWJZ0KJ9V5krGiq0XBi6DX5s3lSMlBEyLxU9M",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739797401',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/9036\/apa?__cf_chl_f_tk=E0pjd_ed8v.2bZ1ZDc7ZCcbihO_R6xTKQy0QbddUM7c-1739797401-1.0.1.1-VSULKDqWJZ0KJ9V5krGiq0XBi6DX5s3lSMlBEyLxU9M",md: "ow5SDaryoDa39HUHy.BOHgxLTxiCoPKDTP3_zaFqf4A-1739797401-1.2.1.1-UpKA50qhw7WV226GDMW.stv5I_WU0gWKeAuC2y5yIDu8MefCUuANFHjeFKMOOXf7Ef5JDIG5mCdQI7KL604loVoZzjxUyUv7wjgXEynmCcTgiZpxIy5DpDRePcBPkdpS_UFcZjhOwFPWKp__ZEZIC6Ij89meUWW6gnjUgP2XTCSlMnrDuHktS0_vw9odqcbVDJGhpAtJUgSVqY0t7YHebgX1RTjdV2pslq4pxJZHxVWNxOnNEncsHxGK5kMnu.XDbtylGaJ9FQHVHHCjf3tEdj8A_5q9JBOWnKgxvZzTEeCJ1K9.sFBLaRVUk4xE0zrL7kZNMVjmBCSvAPsbhKvj6X5geLvZMEmS_IbNls6ewoMpGTxqxN.ST5OodktboYQIKIen.go4hhvjXwVRS3NoK3FbFFcyPbtvue7hXG0y9n2DJu8Z.5fD2w8oW.mkMLgXMdViXgGfwbenAj65O7oRYK9h8CDP7zofwYMXk6rrABjwIjwXSAqD0fmBmJQhBzFhZ_deJLnhv7LHUIaOJEBuyXFogla91bDmCjk8HirfOnXdc_cJkCqfipCSPihjspuPwfOdZsVKOBoZo66sMKIEuNacfEpWDxP49fetelL9c8rHr5oMsErngjXOLvVwzcwX7Li3pYWQVrKoKc6WvE1.YK6.qWXOC60F5ZL495L7RvFmgTNn_q9VlAbQQTbBFR4hCW1jeOdGyXZw4.FJWObqoPamzA33GiycNbIuze.HYZUW1LvMAmOXL4xQHzAKkBy46aldP1S4aRDzmbI4YnHfEF8KD0Xksme3LS9RvuSX3fVLzTO3ywBJX.Ta.c1MI6MuqY__SQNNppS2K7J8QEYWgUfLVrTtC4id_vEe3FOpD5LLplY3YDmgFnFRpPWqSN_YOHPxU2_tTKSvHYYOC4kB5RkIWhUxMhoVwTtVg.Y3JNjJDU4IZkuRwKYSQ.CjsOmMTN_IuMirM6mna5bgd4WcBGQKNU7yUUHVz1YYxxqqOqLsiNmhxZNZCbGj4MLGe74ElPHHJEaxMkerF5H.SJ.MACc4ve5HJCADOJUKhBnqAdY7ew4r1be_OjufzHoexRqYiAtbWE3qffz7b7U5DKOSkH5SNd1OGQ3M5d3cLco1Dc6KgQJoPLrVdf8H8qLdKtpF78oQy1.Poe1A1FTy4Tv2RIpP.dR_OqixmdkKrsQ7mgUx_EMxsNT3rUjq1gbEBwKCdfoJhaYPMcrG7r1uTmRYtHCpyvDwjpsDQpdVzn0bl2uaQR1_sQ_twTLga8qwlBFD0WMzgAtkjphOZJEGPtxi.nXii7CLWZbou.w0tqQ8A0KB2lblRCgCXg.EGDdW5aP7NUV5CToJNt6W8kRH.J.MKvrlgwoesrvwsNsVUjoOemU3rDoHJ9Hx4QCleVT7B3ujDtxRMb2ohC0ZJIuyCjkTGmIQ3y1UWs7GdirTGqZNt6no0u4ugwcXEwrK2u7BbaFK_K0ptkP4tWpFTElZiREbutbcrbjjvQsA20.Uixa6o91HJfCLr2nde0fLzLxgrfHx2LF9hNBfKRxrXQ_4DGsET.l1f4QHDFchQzYYIrxF9KMlJ0n._URsa.E428Nv_T7xaZKnb7iGyZqqh0MWa3a2TjtFyyNJuN.qeW9Y7C6AUS12eOwZhxKj9JikMTuCwJpcsxl2XOVvM07w1iQ6hGAgO_ai4g1XSJKCGnASFQjuvveOi2mBj0.1XmYOkjAyHhRoQGDDxuTyItgIvWMm1lMSfqNArnKeQcgq.xHhvnFWHOSqnf8Osd.Zo0LBsz8XGv934r9beOUM1rDKgUTYmTVBSbaPqBFTrlTPP6PnO_1i2WY8FLQl0Z504cfW07KZSzPsknAXuFtgYU2l2074SjKukw",mdrd: "Pb3furjtoNP.GO2l0Y_Gm72LaQQ8NlyktncGHtJnYfA-1739797401-1.2.1.1-1zq.GTKPlE_02NS0l.mxrW8RbCwLuUO.qTnVXiUG5n_KpA90YZ.5ExvhtNR2_nHBIljWaRt_BUF6JnUS4z1F.6i7XMV_3SljR2ubN65caSlr77HJpSOtAZn_iFaJRR.eeSXXQlWsqd9vceJiDoqcAazONf75lB6JXLFurfjh.I2GgGvurDsEE9InmqyCciOaA0ykPYQPDYvFqX7rAr.DVfus8xEqikggHI7k9Z9huO07QO4dOa3Tfq4RlxgyiggfPUa7bUU0dJ8NyCL4SRmDGnYiOpeD1kiFxJlqnQGvSIr26mqUFC0fm7Gt3jkYSuSFLmj.OzuH2Y73cWkjjyEeBWQ2EFu8mIGYWDe_itHYSz75eFGK3m_v69AxdA7LT.FWwG25FKdaMz_Qp.SZqfT6TIsSmG2kHscNnbD5YfwpNJUsXzUWTiuy6mAgNzvVDEKdPfKovhAXamx0GAWzY6IuL10UfGdW8qMcQZjoePtB11MCh9VkZQ5yx.7x.A_hiN6o5t2fk9nKX5PYclB0WEsQX.jbCtn_OHdrTVVkCgBzGIRZafGKmXZbSSv6_cGGwerKqH.h5lU1TaA6Go1cWocIDoCXE0PBreyEWJ.LgekeLBTaOUw2a0WeLCL78cgambRRjqScKVtYrfwROcaWeTSCbY3Icfrr0XmzNTspKeHoHXtpEXe2ye9hmTMA8SA1vvrQ0GbiB.nDu1I.xuN2vepC2K9zzPbhoUHqXQGafrymjG0Jvsp2XDIojpyMVzGg4qdVSE7asW2F2oLd4SLgt9.xFdyB4suZGMgZsEkTg7LhO4W_A85XU5zhzM61OE1shTgOJ0umSZQN7oMnONjmQTGy80s69GZRK0XHpFwF60tIkFWLoCsoFnWjkIGs0vYBfgtfdUMXEVg21GVicRgNDpbMmIejQ22fKRO3Ba7tgDd.NI8_EKSn2GTseJJNSMdQjmAVbciBKMX1Om5oDNuWNbV2RlkexTMtYTX24T7x.hy_1jzrj0S7mgIrTXSDIT5lhDh9s4O4mV592ky1HOxcL23cwip55TU4aXerfVRRt7NXe4tUO_BClSswyIecWifialJNTt70lD0yFtMKiOyOS73IwNpuORejHqJvv.RfluGxZZzN3TFEvGKyBlkZ6lcVyjUCIoqMg6fyKGZzrOoPGTNsneLVdLgY_Msdxk4CR5bnjTKB31fLk82zJTz6Qan9csI0EHfU9RySldpqH8BKEX.Kn4fL2ibxRRusknRgTzFZlX7hPvWzrp1vyP1BYOan7hFB_3LHhAmJ1VvA6Sg3OaxTZZn0xwGtxXspcx6dKwGRNEm56NgQfmhc._ffNqm7RmfCOKjuD1cdwCREUsSQ9vn2SExR4zMnEDV2gj44gsCOOsT7CMPhm4Uh275Y_ZBQ4bDKYsUWikhuxrAiWso98r6JO0XCrErBW55xl01yhJi3aZLHtjtzbT1bRRqBIwosf8Tv0VpJ3skOLxr_2M1YYJfEP6ukDVMCiJhcQvQ4EUX09FpRA4g6z6XlRokyiZ8HV9A67PYfec7._jAqG7XKXlxKcI3vLVUj.YqKcunlhCKtjwVYw8taSjsAVHlB_jT00D_Jv3fNZt7Salxt.HaoQn555IgGjT2Xe0gyC0VHG6.cjcVqawScm7lyJyMqmtBmpd5uoJiLk6rX8se.Nmg7FynsN3surLtrzwZGm5.7Z2a6E6w89Q0b3l.3sWRU5wDb68aihbYe.FP1NopggmzIAXpcZdLz20Qrhy3OkthicpmswKCNQC5_q_qfuj4_CNeMj4r8hQleEWjlj1DvS_ZkkrZy0GnjCizRl33pTGZk1kigyD6WwdXDNrp61gO6IKe9cKy11STYKGLi5i4DwPVM6E7PE7mT4b1IG.H3qno3rTnhZlaEH_.c3cKkRPAIq05kAVQ.OXpY3Mna07VNxvFWG7O_i49fTVjxOPrRCc6m7fgaaI21k8J.e3mqydrUSKsMpfGh"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135fa202baffd37';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/9036\/apa?__cf_chl_rt_tk=E0pjd_ed8v.2bZ1ZDc7ZCcbihO_R6xTKQy0QbddUM7c-1739797401-1.0.1.1-VSULKDqWJZ0KJ9V5krGiq0XBi6DX5s3lSMlBEyLxU9M" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>