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He was a prominent member of Parliament and, in his youth, an <link type="article" id="276182">Olympic</link> runner.</div> </div> <div class="bk-read-more grid-md-50 grid-xs-100"> <a href="/scholars/article/56030">Read More</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <form action="/scholars/search/articles"> <div class=" bk-search-component bk-scholars"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2"> <div class="input-group input-group-lg"> <input id="bk-scholars-search" class="bk-search-component-input form-control" name="query" type="search" placeholder="Search Scholars for articles, images, videos, primary sources..." data-xs-placeholder="Search Scholars" required/> <span class="bk-search-component-submit input-group-btn"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default"> <i class="fontello-icon-search"></i> </button> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </form> <div class="gutter-top"> <div class="row"> <div class="bk-article-browse-tile col-md-2 col-sm-4 col-xs-6 gutter-bottom"> <a href="/scholars/browse/subjects" class="bk-explore-tile bk-mask" data-action="Article Browse" data-label="/scholars"> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(/resources/img/shared/explore-tiles/Articles.jpg);"></div> <div class="bk-mask-content bk-rollover text-center"> <i class="bk-icon fontello-icon-doc-text"></i> <div class="bk-label">Articles</div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="bk-media-browse-tile col-md-2 col-sm-4 col-xs-6 gutter-bottom"> <a href="/scholars/browse/media" class="bk-explore-tile bk-mask" data-action="Media Browse" data-label="/scholars"> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(/resources/img/shared/explore-tiles/Images-and-Videos.jpg);"></div> <div class="bk-mask-content bk-rollover text-center"> <i class="bk-icon fontello-icon-picture"></i> <div class="bk-label">Images &amp; 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According to Plutarch, the capture was a minor inconvenience for Caesar but very bad luck for the pirates. After a ransom was delivered, Caesar went free. Later, he had the pirates killed.</div> </div> <div class="bk-read-more"> See also: <a href="/scholars/article/108314">Julius Caesar</a>, <a href="/scholars/article/60153">piracy</a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="bk-scholars-explore-item row no-gutter"> <div class=""> <div class="bk-label text-center BEHIND_THE_NEWS">Spotlight</div> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/52/195952-131-7F5C414F.jpg);"></div> </div> <div class="bk-content-container"> <div class="bk-title">How Service Animals Help Humans Live Fuller Lives</div> <div class="bk-content">Dogs, cats, horses, and even monkeys provide dedicated assistance to people with disabilities.</div> </div> <div class="bk-read-more"> See also: <a href="/scholars/article/38399">guide dog</a>, <a href="/scholars/article/125488">Dorothy Leib Harrison Wood Eustis</a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="bk-scholars-explore-item row no-gutter"> <div class=""> <div class="bk-label text-center BEHIND_THE_NEWS">Spotlight</div> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/95/195995-131-7BD26B09.jpg);"></div> </div> <div class="bk-content-container"> <div class="bk-title">That’s a Wrap: Methods of Mummification</div> <div class="bk-content">Mummification is more than just wrapping up bodies. It involves advanced scientific understanding of human biology and often indicates complex beliefs surrounding the afterlife. The most recognizable method of mummification comes from ancient Egypt.</div> </div> <div class="bk-read-more"> See also: <a href="/scholars/article/54257">mummy</a>, <a href="/scholars/article/471885">bog body</a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="bk-scholars-explore-item row no-gutter"> <div class=""> <div class="bk-label text-center BEHIND_THE_NEWS">Spotlight</div> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/18/196818-131-84946E03.jpg);"></div> </div> <div class="bk-content-container"> <div class="bk-title">Why Do Leaves Change Color?</div> <div class="bk-content">Green leaves appear green because of the presence of chlorophyll, which is key to photosynthesis. Leaf dropping occurs with the degradation of chlorophyll. As the green fades, yellow and orange pigments known as carotenoids are revealed in the leaves of many species. </div> </div> <div class="bk-read-more"> See also: <a href="/scholars/article/82254">chlorophyll</a>, <a href="/scholars/article/20446">carotenoid</a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="bk-scholars-explore-item row no-gutter"> <div class=""> <div class="bk-label text-center BEHIND_THE_NEWS">Spotlight</div> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/14/187114-131-78AAD0B4.jpg);"></div> </div> <div class="bk-content-container"> <div class="bk-title">Why Do Leaves Fall in Autumn?</div> <div class="bk-content">Autumnal leaf drop is a form of self-protection. Deciduous trees, such as oaks and maples, have thin leaves that are susceptible to cold temperatures. Without dropping their leaves, such trees would be stuck without a way to make food.</div> </div> <div class="bk-read-more"> See also: <a href="/scholars/article/47499">leaf</a>, <a href="/scholars/article/108553">photosynthesis</a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="bk-scholars-explore-item row no-gutter"> <div class=""> <div class="bk-label text-center BEHIND_THE_NEWS">Spotlight</div> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/98/84698-131-43583C7C.jpg);"></div> </div> <div class="bk-content-container"> <div class="bk-title">Tulip Mania</div> <div class="bk-content">“Tulip Mania" was a speculative frenzy in 17th-century Holland over the sale of tulip bulbs. It reached its peak between 1633 and 1637, when soaring prices for unusual bulbs induced many people to speculate in the tulip market.</div> </div> <div class="bk-read-more"> See also: <a href="/scholars/article/73725">Tulip Mania</a>, <a href="/scholars/article/73724">tulip</a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="bk-scholars-explore-item row no-gutter"> <div class=""> <div class="bk-label text-center BEHIND_THE_NEWS">Spotlight</div> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/98/197198-131-A8A96E49.jpg);"></div> </div> <div class="bk-content-container"> <div class="bk-title">How Long Is the Amazon River?</div> <div class="bk-content">The Amazon might be the world’s longest river. Most scientists believe it is at least 4,000 miles (6,400 km) long—still shorter than the Nile, which is about 4,132 miles (6,650 km). Others, however, have asserted that the Amazon is actually much longer. The Amazon’s start and end points have been difficult to determine.</div> </div> <div class="bk-read-more"> See also: <a href="/scholars/article/109565">Amazon River</a>, <a href="/scholars/article/108302">Nile River</a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="bk-scholars-explore-item row no-gutter"> <div class=""> <div class="bk-label text-center BEHIND_THE_NEWS">Spotlight</div> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/36/192936-131-302E3072.jpg);"></div> </div> <div class="bk-content-container"> <div class="bk-title">Scientists Discover Feathered Dinosaur Tail in Amber</div> <div class="bk-content">A sample of amber discovered in Myanmar contained a pristine section of a feathered tail traced to a juvenile dinosaur from the Cretaceous Period.</div> </div> <div class="bk-read-more"> See also: <a href="/scholars/article/6041">amber</a>, <a href="/scholars/article/117451">Cretaceous Period</a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="bk-scholars-explore-item row no-gutter"> <div class=""> <div class="bk-label text-center BEHIND_THE_NEWS">Spotlight</div> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/81/194481-131-E7AC0F3B.jpg);"></div> </div> <div class="bk-content-container"> <div class="bk-title">Sea Otters’ Tool Use May Date Back Thousands or Even Millions of Years</div> <div class="bk-content">Otters have been teaching each other the tricks of the trade for much longer than we thought.</div> </div> <div class="bk-read-more"> See also: <a href="/scholars/article/57672">otter</a>, <a href="/scholars/article/105972">mammal</a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="bk-scholars-explore-item row no-gutter"> <div class=""> <div class="bk-label text-center BEHIND_THE_NEWS">Spotlight</div> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/76/195276-131-7968FD89.jpg);"></div> </div> <div class="bk-content-container"> <div class="bk-title">Ocean Acidification: How Carbon Dioxide Is Hurting the Seas</div> <div class="bk-content">Ocean acidification, the increase in seawater’s acidity, is caused by the absorption of large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) by the oceans.</div> </div> <div class="bk-read-more"> See also: <a href="/scholars/article/66497">seawater</a>, <a href="/scholars/article/543583">Keeling Curve</a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="bk-scholars-explore-item row no-gutter"> <div class=""> <div class="bk-label text-center BEHIND_THE_NEWS">Spotlight</div> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/57/129357-131-519150E9.jpg);"></div> </div> <div class="bk-content-container"> <div class="bk-title">Scientists Identify Four Species of Giraffes</div> <div class="bk-content">A genetic study performed by Namibian and German researchers revealed that giraffes do not belong to one species; they can be separated into four.</div> </div> <div class="bk-read-more"> See also: <a href="/scholars/article/36897">giraffe</a>, <a href="/scholars/article/69027">species</a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="bk-scholars-explore-item row no-gutter"> <div class=""> <div class="bk-label text-center BEHIND_THE_NEWS">Spotlight</div> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/63/62463-131-85FAF72F.jpg);"></div> </div> <div class="bk-content-container"> <div class="bk-title">Where Is “Old Zealand”?</div> <div class="bk-content">Located just northwest of the Belgian city of Antwerp, Zeeland is more than 11,000 miles (17,700 km) from New Zealand. In December 1642 Dutch navigator Abel Janszoon Tasman was the first European to sight New Zealand’s South Island, and Dutch cartographers named the territory after the province of Zeeland. </div> </div> <div class="bk-read-more"> See also: <a href="/scholars/article/71354">Abel Tasman</a>, <a href="/scholars/article/78298">Zeeland</a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="bk-scholars-explore-item row no-gutter"> <div class=""> <div class="bk-label text-center BEHIND_THE_NEWS">Spotlight</div> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/47/190447-131-50CFFC4A.jpg);"></div> </div> <div class="bk-content-container"> <div class="bk-title">King Tut’s Out-of-This-World Dagger</div> <div class="bk-content">Researchers believe a dagger buried with King Tut was crafted from a meteorite.</div> </div> <div class="bk-read-more"> See also: <a href="/scholars/article/73904">Tutankhamun</a>, <a href="/scholars/article/42805">iron meteorite</a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="bk-scholars-explore-item row no-gutter"> <div class=""> <div class="bk-label text-center BEHIND_THE_NEWS">Spotlight</div> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/82/203482-131-039D9111.jpg);"></div> </div> <div class="bk-content-container"> <div class="bk-title">Fireworks on the Fourth of July</div> <div class="bk-content">Fireworks have been part and parcel of U.S. Independence Day, the anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence, since its first celebration in July 1777.</div> </div> <div class="bk-read-more"> See also: <a href="/scholars/article/42264">Independence Day</a>, <a href="/scholars/article/34345">firework</a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="bk-scholars-explore-item row no-gutter"> <div class=""> <div class="bk-label text-center BEHIND_THE_NEWS">Spotlight</div> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/90/192590-131-052B324E.jpg);"></div> </div> <div class="bk-content-container"> <div class="bk-title">Wireless Link Helps Paralyzed Monkeys Walk Again</div> <div class="bk-content">Scientists show that a wireless link between the brain and the spinal cord can help paralyzed monkeys regain the use of their legs. </div> </div> <div class="bk-read-more"> See also: <a href="/scholars/article/604988">spinal cord injury</a>, <a href="/scholars/article/442801">neuroplasticity</a> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="bk-scholars-explore-item row no-gutter"> <div class=""> <div class="bk-label text-center BEHIND_THE_NEWS">Spotlight</div> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/81/160281-131-9C25C93A.jpg);"></div> </div> <div class="bk-content-container"> <div class="bk-title">The Deep Sea Is a Pollution Sink</div> <div class="bk-content">Pollution occurs in the deepest of deep-sea trenches—where crustaceans were found to contain surprisingly high levels of toxic contamination. </div> </div> <div class="bk-read-more"> See also: <a href="/scholars/article/50896">Mariana Trench</a>, <a href="/scholars/article/477253">plastic pollution</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="text-hr">On This Day</h2> <div class="bk-otd-carousel bk-carousel bk-homepage-carousel sr-only"> <a href="/scholars/article/438346"> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/52/198852-131-7A28072E.jpg);"></div> <div class="text-center"> <div class="bk-date">November 28</div> <div class="bk-title">News with a Punch Line</div> </div> </a> <a href="/scholars/article/56008"> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/98/20998-004-5661D59B.jpg);"></div> <div class="text-center"> <div class="bk-date">November 27</div> <div class="bk-title">Nobel’s Gift</div> </div> </a> <a href="/scholars/article/570953"> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/85/77085-004-D89D562E.jpg);"></div> <div class="text-center"> <div class="bk-date">November 26</div> <div class="bk-title">Here’s Looking at You, Kid</div> </div> </a> <a href="/scholars/article/63801"> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/94/10694-004-316C657F.jpg);"></div> <div class="text-center"> <div class="bk-date">November 25</div> <div class="bk-title">Mural Master</div> </div> </a> <a href="/scholars/article/110551"> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/72/20272-004-13B7A7ED.jpg);"></div> <div class="text-center"> <div class="bk-date">November 24</div> <div class="bk-title">The Apple Isle</div> </div> </a> <a href="/scholars/article/57678"> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/25/132725-004-F594C597.jpg);"></div> <div class="text-center"> <div class="bk-date">November 23</div> <div class="bk-title">Otto der Grosse</div> </div> </a> <a href="/scholars/article/45085"> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/99/1899-004-5293D7E2.jpg);"></div> <div class="text-center"> <div class="bk-date">November 22</div> <div class="bk-title">End of Camelot</div> </div> </a> <a href="/scholars/article/106001"> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/18/198718-004-2C34493D.jpg);"></div> <div class="text-center"> <div class="bk-date">November 21</div> <div class="bk-title">Champion of the Natifs</div> </div> </a> <a href="/scholars/article/52382"> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/39/10139-004-7567D56E.jpg);"></div> <div class="text-center"> <div class="bk-date">November 20</div> <div class="bk-title">Apostle of Democracy</div> </div> </a> <a href="/scholars/article/36638"> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/34/78134-118-E73F4F30.jpg);"></div> <div class="text-center"> <div class="bk-date">November 19</div> <div class="bk-title">Four Score...</div> </div> </a> <a href="/scholars/article/28529"> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/30/79330-004-AF48DC63.jpg);"></div> <div class="text-center"> <div class="bk-date">November 18</div> <div class="bk-title">The Father of Photography Is Born</div> </div> </a> <a href="/scholars/article/64030"> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/92/3792-004-CC3B5D19.jpg);"></div> <div class="text-center"> <div class="bk-date">November 17</div> <div class="bk-title">The Sculptor</div> </div> </a> <a href="/scholars/article/79076"> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/44/195144-004-90610D76.jpg);"></div> <div class="text-center"> <div class="bk-date">November 16</div> <div class="bk-title"> <i>Daughter of the East</i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/scholars/article/56912"> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/49/189349-004-F231FDDA.jpg);"></div> <div class="text-center"> <div class="bk-date">November 15</div> <div class="bk-title">New Mexico’s Georgia</div> </div> </a> <a href="/scholars/article/51928"> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/06/66306-004-5527E472.jpg);"></div> <div class="text-center"> <div class="bk-date">November 14</div> <div class="bk-title">Call Me Ishmael</div> </div> </a> <a href="/scholars/article/109388"> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: url(https://cdn.britannica.com/47/121647-004-31877403.jpg);"></div> <div class="text-center"> <div class="bk-date">November 13</div> <div class="bk-title"><i>City of God</i></div> </div> </a> <a href="/scholars/article/24908"> <div class="bk-image-wrapper" style="background-image: 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href="/scholars/article/642253">Deaths in 2024</a> </div> <time>November 27</time> <div class="bk-nara-article"> <a href="/scholars/article/643989">Battle of Prague</a> <span class="bk-new">NEW</span> </div> <div class="bk-nara-article"> <a href="/scholars/article/608964">Lemon v. 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