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role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The topic of this article <strong>may not meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">general notability guideline</a></strong>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable secondary sources</a> that are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources">independent</a> of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">merged</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redirect" title="Wikipedia:Redirect">redirected</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy" title="Wikipedia:Deletion policy">deleted</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22VALCRI%22">"VALCRI"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22VALCRI%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22VALCRI%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22VALCRI%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22VALCRI%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22VALCRI%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Commission.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/European_Commission.jpg/220px-European_Commission.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/European_Commission.jpg/330px-European_Commission.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/European_Commission.jpg/440px-European_Commission.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1279" /></a><figcaption>The project is funded by the European Commission</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Visual Analytics for Sense-making in Criminal Intelligence Analysis (VALCRI)</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> tool that helps investigators to find related or relevant information in several criminal <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">databases</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The software uses <a href="/wiki/Big_data" title="Big data">big data</a> processes to aggregate information from a wide array of different sources and formats and compiles it into visual and readable arrangements for users.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is used by various law enforcement agencies and aims to allow officials to utilize statistical information in their operations and strategy.<b><sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b><sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project is funded by the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> and is led by <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">Professor</a> William Wong at <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_University" title="Middlesex University">Middlesex University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VALCRI&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Automatic_search">Automatic search</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VALCRI&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Automatic search"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>VALCRI can automatically search numerous databases using dedicated <a href="/wiki/Search_engine" title="Search engine">search engines</a>. Previously, investigators would need to employ an average of 73 <a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a> queries and wait up to three days to find the right cases.<b><sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> The tool utilizes <a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a> mechanisms to screen through masses of <a href="/wiki/Unstructured_data" title="Unstructured data">unstructured data</a> to identify similarities between cases, and performs associative searching to comes up with reports based on the search criteria of users.<sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_visualization">Data visualization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VALCRI&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Data visualization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>VALCRI can present data and information in visual formats such as maps, <a href="/wiki/Timeline" title="Timeline">timelines</a>, dispersion diagrams, and process charts.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This creates an analyst <a href="/wiki/Dashboard_(business)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dashboard (business)">dashboard</a> that is designed to be integrated within the workforce and allow for investigative reasoning based on database information.<sup id="cite_ref-:52_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Visualization_(graphics)" title="Visualization (graphics)">visualizations</a> are interactive and encourage cooperative input from human analysis. </p><p>VALCRI also employs <a href="/wiki/Algorithm" title="Algorithm">algorithms</a> such as PCA, MDS, and <a href="/wiki/T-distributed_stochastic_neighbor_embedding" title="T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding">t-SNE</a> to embed data points into graphical representations.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This feature allows for the statistical and mathematical calculation of similarity and correlation levels between different crime data sets through different algorithmic models which each have their own strengths and weaknesses.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concerns">Concerns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VALCRI&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_and_ethical_challenges">Legal and ethical challenges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VALCRI&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legal and ethical challenges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the development of VALCRI, an Independent Ethics Board (IEB) and Security, Privacy, and Legal Group (SEPL) was created to monitor potential ethical challenges and roadblocks that the project would introduce.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the specialists in these boards, there were numerous concerns that were identified in respect to potential ethics and legality issues.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One issue that was identified by these boards was potential complications with human <a href="/wiki/Privacy" title="Privacy">privacy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the advent of a comprehensive database system that would be able to share billions of different data points for law enforcement, VALCRI faces potential roadblocks in navigating through different regional policies and laws regarding data privacy and security.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This potential issue has been addressed in VALCRI by creating a dedicated group supervising <a href="/wiki/Data_management" title="Data management">data management</a> policy in the software.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cognitive_and_sense-making_bias">Cognitive and sense-making bias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VALCRI&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cognitive and sense-making bias"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>VALCRI's data analysis capabilities offer criminal analysts a wider set of data points to base their conclusions on. <a href="/wiki/Vienna_University_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Vienna University of Technology">Vienna University of Technology</a>'s research based on 120 case studies introduces the risk of cognitive and sense-making <a href="/wiki/Bias" title="Bias">bias</a> playing a significant role in influencing the conclusions that law enforcement agents draw, based on the visualizations provided by VALCRI.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These risks can be mitigated in VALCRI by redesigning machine learning models and implementing de-biasing mechanisms such as Klein's data frame model so that it becomes easier to identify <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_bias" title="Cognitive bias">cognitive bias</a> and adjust analysis objectives based on the findings.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VALCRI&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palantir_Technologies" title="Palantir Technologies">Palantir Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAS_(software)" title="SAS (software)">SAS (software)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearview_AI" title="Clearview AI">Clearview AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_vision" title="Computer vision">Computer vision</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VALCRI&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg23431254-000-ai-detective-analyses-police-data-to-learn-how-to-crack-cases/">AI detective analyses police data to learn how to crack cases</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (September 2018)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/188614_en.html">Visual Analytics for Sense-making in CRiminal Intelligence analysis</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (September 2018)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchlehahn2017" class="citation web cs1">Schlehahn, Eva (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://valcri.org/our-content/uploads/2017/02/VALCRI-WP-2017-005-Transparency.pdf">"The Operationalisation of Transparency in VALCRI"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Operationalisation+of+Transparency+in+VALCRI&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Schlehahn&rft.aufirst=Eva&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvalcri.org%2Four-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F02%2FVALCRI-WP-2017-005-Transparency.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVALCRI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cordis.europa.eu/news/rcn/128452_en.html">Improvements to machine-intelligence will improve accuracy and speed up police investigations</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnslowRooneyKodagodaWong2015" class="citation book cs1">Anslow, Craig; Rooney, Chris; Kodagoda, Neesha; Wong, William (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2817721.2823498">"Police Analyst Workstation"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Interactive Tabletops & Surfaces - ITS '15</i>. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">307–</span>311. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F2817721.2823498">10.1145/2817721.2823498</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4503-3899-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4503-3899-8"><bdi>978-1-4503-3899-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2002596">2002596</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Police+Analyst+Workstation&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+2015+International+Conference+on+Interactive+Tabletops+%26+Surfaces+-+ITS+%2715&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York%2C+USA&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E307-%3C%2Fspan%3E311&rft.pub=ACM+Press&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2002596%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F2817721.2823498&rft.isbn=978-1-4503-3899-8&rft.aulast=Anslow&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft.au=Rooney%2C+Chris&rft.au=Kodagoda%2C+Neesha&rft.au=Wong%2C+William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1145%2F2817721.2823498&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVALCRI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cordis.europa.eu/result/rcn/218541_en.html">Visual analytics for brighter criminal intelligence</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (September 2018)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:52-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:52_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/608142/reporting">"Final Report Summary - VALCRI (Visual Analytics for Sense-making in CRiminal Intelligence analysis)"</a>. 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Final+Report+Summary+-+VALCRI+%28Visual+Analytics+for+Sense-making+in+CRiminal+Intelligence+analysis%29&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcordis.europa.eu%2Fproject%2Fid%2F608142%2Freporting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVALCRI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWolfgang2018" class="citation journal cs1">Wolfgang, Jentner (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/23484/1/main.pdf">"Making machine intelligence less scary for criminal analysts: reflections on designing a visual comparative case analysis tool"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Visual Computer</i>. <b>34</b> (9): <span class="nowrap">1225–</span>1241. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00371-018-1483-0">10.1007/s00371-018-1483-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3342538">3342538</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Visual+Computer&rft.atitle=Making+machine+intelligence+less+scary+for+criminal+analysts%3A+reflections+on+designing+a+visual+comparative+case+analysis+tool&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1225-%3C%2Fspan%3E1241&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00371-018-1483-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A3342538%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Wolfgang&rft.aufirst=Jentner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.mdx.ac.uk%2F23484%2F1%2Fmain.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVALCRI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSacha2017" class="citation web cs1">Sacha, Dominik (February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bib.dbvis.de/uploadedFiles/VALCRIWP2017011InteractiveVisualDimensionReduction.pdf">"Applying Visual Interactive Dimensionality Reduction to Criminal Intelligence Analysis"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Applying+Visual+Interactive+Dimensionality+Reduction+to+Criminal+Intelligence+Analysis&rft.date=2017-02&rft.aulast=Sacha&rft.aufirst=Dominik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbib.dbvis.de%2FuploadedFiles%2FVALCRIWP2017011InteractiveVisualDimensionReduction.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVALCRI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDuquenoy2018" class="citation book cs1">Duquenoy, P. 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(identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:213698899">213698899</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-03</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Security+and+Law&rft.atitle=Operationalization+of+Information+Security+through+Compliance+with+Directive+2016%2F680+in+Law+Enforcement+Technology+and+Practice&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E97-%3C%2Fspan%3E128&rft.date=2019-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A213698899%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781780688909.005&rft.isbn=978-1-78068-890-9&rft.aulast=Marquenie&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Quezada%2C+Katherine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1017%2F9781780688909.005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVALCRI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarquenie2017" class="citation web cs1">Marquenie, Thomas (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lirias.kuleuven.be/1711892?limo=0">"Data analytics in a police context–addressing legal issues in VALCRI"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Data+analytics+in+a+police+context%E2%80%93addressing+legal+issues+in+VALCRI&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Marquenie&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flirias.kuleuven.be%2F1711892%3Flimo%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVALCRI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPohl2014" class="citation book cs1">Pohl, Margit (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6975606">"Sensemaking and Cognitive Bias Mitigation in Visual Analytics"</a>. <i>2014 IEEE Joint Intelligence and Security Informatics Conference</i>. p. 323. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FJISIC.2014.68">10.1109/JISIC.2014.68</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4799-6364-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4799-6364-5"><bdi>978-1-4799-6364-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1758913">1758913</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sensemaking+and+Cognitive+Bias+Mitigation+in+Visual+Analytics&rft.btitle=2014+IEEE+Joint+Intelligence+and+Security+Informatics+Conference&rft.pages=323&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1758913%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FJISIC.2014.68&rft.isbn=978-1-4799-6364-5&rft.aulast=Pohl&rft.aufirst=Margit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fdocument%2F6975606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVALCRI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=VALCRI&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 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