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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Multi Language Virtual Machine</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Leonardo_da_Vinci_helicopter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Leonardo_da_Vinci_helicopter.jpg/220px-Leonardo_da_Vinci_helicopter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Leonardo_da_Vinci_helicopter.jpg/330px-Leonardo_da_Vinci_helicopter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Leonardo_da_Vinci_helicopter.jpg/440px-Leonardo_da_Vinci_helicopter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="548" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">Cross-platform</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Library_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Library (computer science)">Library</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GPL</a>+<a href="/wiki/GPL_linking_exception" title="GPL linking exception">linking exception</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openjdk.java.net/projects/mlvm/">openjdk<wbr />.java<wbr />.net<wbr />/projects<wbr />/mlvm<wbr />/</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Da Vinci Machine</b>, also called the <b>Multi Language Virtual Machine</b>, was a <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> project aiming to prototype the extension of the <a href="/wiki/Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machine">Java Virtual Machine</a> (JVM) to add support for <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language" title="Dynamic programming language">dynamic languages</a>. </p><p>It was already possible to run dynamic languages on top of the JVM, but the goal is to ease new dynamic language implementations and increase their performance. This project was the <a href="/wiki/Reference_implementation" title="Reference implementation">reference implementation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Java_Community_Process" title="Java Community Process">JSR</a> 292 (<i>Supporting Dynamically Typed Languages on the Java Platform</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-see_JSR_292_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see_JSR_292-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Da_Vinci_Machine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Java_virtual_machine_architecture.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Java_virtual_machine_architecture.svg/150px-Java_virtual_machine_architecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Java_virtual_machine_architecture.svg/225px-Java_virtual_machine_architecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Java_virtual_machine_architecture.svg/300px-Java_virtual_machine_architecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="921" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Prior to Java 7, the <a href="/wiki/Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machine">Java Virtual Machine</a> had no built-in support for <a href="/wiki/Type_system#Dynamic_typing" title="Type system">dynamically typed languages</a>: </p> <ul><li>The existing <a href="/wiki/Java_bytecode" title="Java bytecode">JVM instruction set</a> is <a href="/wiki/Type_system#Static_typing" title="Type system">statically typed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>JVM has limited support for <a href="/wiki/Hotswapping#Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotswapping">dynamically modifying</a> existing classes and methods. It currently works only in a <a href="/wiki/Java_Platform_Debugger_Architecture" title="Java Platform Debugger Architecture">debugging environment</a>.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Java_Community_Process" title="Java Community Process">JSR</a> 292 (<i>Supporting Dynamically Typed Languages on the Java Platform</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-see_JSR_292_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see_JSR_292-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> proposes to: </p> <ul><li>add a new <code>invokedynamic</code> instruction at the JVM level, to allow method invocation relying on dynamic <a href="/wiki/Type_system#Type_checking" title="Type system">type checking</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-edortpaper_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edortpaper-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>to be able to change classes and methods at runtime dynamically in a production environment.</li></ul> <p>Following the success of the <a href="/wiki/JRuby" title="JRuby">JRuby</a> <a href="/wiki/Java_Platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Java Platform">Java</a> implementation, the Da Vinci project was started at the end of January 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The capabilities experimented by Da Vinci were planned to be added to <a href="/wiki/Java_version_history#Java_SE_7" title="Java version history">Java 7</a>. It aims to prototype this JSR, but also other lower-priority extensions.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first working prototype, developed as a patch on <a href="/wiki/OpenJDK" title="OpenJDK">OpenJDK</a>, was announced and made available on end of August 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since then, the <a href="/wiki/JRuby" title="JRuby">JRuby</a> team has successfully wired dynamic invocation in their codebase. Dynamic invocation shipped with the 1.1.5 release, and will be disabled on <a href="/wiki/Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machine">JVMs</a> without <code>invokedynamic</code> capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since then, the project has been integrated in the <a href="/wiki/JDK_7" class="mw-redirect" title="JDK 7">JDK 7</a> codebase<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then integrated in the <a href="/wiki/Java_version_history#Java_SE_7_(July_28,_2011)" title="Java version history">Java 7 release</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Da_Vinci_Machine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dynamic invocation is built on the fact that, even if Java is a strongly <a href="/wiki/Static_typing#Static_typing" class="mw-redirect" title="Static typing">static</a> language at the language level, the type information is much less prevalent at the <a href="/wiki/Java_bytecode" title="Java bytecode">bytecode</a> level. </p><p>However, dynamic languages implementations need to be able to use <a href="/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation" title="Just-in-time compilation">just-in-time compilation</a> (rather than <a href="/wiki/Reflection_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reflection (computer science)">reflection</a>) to achieve good performance, and so to compile scripts to bytecode at runtime.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> To be allowed to be run by the <a href="/wiki/Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machine">Java Virtual Machine</a>, these bytecodes must be <a href="/wiki/Java_virtual_machine#Bytecode_verifier" title="Java virtual machine">verified</a> prior to the execution, and the verifier check that the types are static throughout the code. It leads to these implementations having to create many different bytecodes for the different contexts of a method call, each time the <a href="/wiki/Type_signature" title="Type signature">signature</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Parameter_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parameter (computer science)">arguments</a> change. </p><p>This not only uses a lot of memory, but also fills a memory area called <a href="/wiki/Java_virtual_machine#Heap" title="Java virtual machine">Metaspace</a> (Permanent Generation prior to Java 8), a part of the <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_memory_allocation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamic memory allocation">heap</a> used by the JVM to store information about <a href="/wiki/Class_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Class (computer science)">classes</a>. Memory used in this area is almost never <a href="/wiki/Garbage_collection_(computer_science)" title="Garbage collection (computer science)">garbage collected</a> because it stores immutable data in the context of Java programs; and because of that, dynamic languages implementations can only compile a small part of the scripts.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>JSR 292 proposes to: </p> <ul><li>provide a mechanism whereby an existing class can be loaded and modified, producing a new class with those modifications but sharing the rest of its structure and data, thus not filling the <a href="/wiki/Java_virtual_machine#Heap" title="Java virtual machine">Permanent Generation</a> space,</li> <li>provide the new <code>invokedynamic</code> bytecode which allows the JVM to optimize calls of this kind.<sup id="cite_ref-edortpaper_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edortpaper-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Da_Vinci_Machine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Da_Vinci_Machine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-see_JSR_292-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-see_JSR_292_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see_JSR_292_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=292">see JSR 292</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNutter2007" class="citation web cs1">Nutter, Charles (2007-01-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://headius.blogspot.com/2007/01/invokedynamic-actually-useful.html">"InvokeDynamic: Actually Useful?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=InvokeDynamic%3A+Actually+Useful%3F&rft.date=2007-01-03&rft.aulast=Nutter&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheadius.blogspot.com%2F2007%2F01%2Finvokedynamic-actually-useful.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADa+Vinci+Machine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-edortpaper-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-edortpaper_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-edortpaper_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEd_Ort2009" class="citation web cs1">Ed Ort (July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/DynTypeLang/index.html">"New JDK 7 Feature: Support for Dynamically Typed Languages in the Java Virtual Machine"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+JDK+7+Feature%3A+Support+for+Dynamically+Typed+Languages+in+the+Java+Virtual+Machine&rft.date=2009-07&rft.au=Ed+Ort&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjava.sun.com%2Fdeveloper%2FtechnicalArticles%2FDynTypeLang%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADa+Vinci+Machine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeff_Friesen2014" class="citation web cs1">Jeff Friesen (2014-12-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.javaworld.com/article/2860079/invokedynamic-101.html">"How To Invokedynamic"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Data_Group" title="International Data Group">JavaWorld</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+To+Invokedynamic&rft.pub=JavaWorld&rft.date=2014-12-16&rft.au=Jeff+Friesen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.javaworld.com%2Farticle%2F2860079%2Finvokedynamic-101.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADa+Vinci+Machine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRafael_Winterhalter2015" class="citation web cs1">Rafael Winterhalter (2015-03-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dzone.com/articles/dismantling-invokedynamic">"Dismantling invokedynamic"</a>. dzone.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dismantling+invokedynamic&rft.pub=dzone.com&rft.date=2015-03-02&rft.au=Rafael+Winterhalter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdzone.com%2Farticles%2Fdismantling-invokedynamic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADa+Vinci+Machine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrill2008" class="citation web cs1">Krill, Paul (2008-01-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090328123817/http://www.infoworld.com/article/08/01/31/davinci-machine_1.html">"Sun's Da Vinci Machine broadens JVM coverage"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoworld.com/article/08/01/31/davinci-machine_1.html">the original</a> on 2009-03-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sun%27s+Da+Vinci+Machine+broadens+JVM+coverage&rft.date=2008-01-31&rft.aulast=Krill&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoworld.com%2Farticle%2F08%2F01%2F31%2Fdavinci-machine_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADa+Vinci+Machine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openjdk.java.net/projects/mlvm/subprojects.html">"Sub-Projects and Investigations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>. 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sub-Projects+and+Investigations&rft.pub=Sun+Microsystems&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopenjdk.java.net%2Fprojects%2Fmlvm%2Fsubprojects.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADa+Vinci+Machine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose2008" class="citation web cs1">Rose, John (2008-08-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080903101211/http://blogs.sun.com/jrose/entry/international_invokedynamic_day">"Happy International Invokedynamic Day!"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.sun.com/jrose/entry/international_invokedynamic_day">the original</a> on 2008-09-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Happy+International+Invokedynamic+Day%21&rft.date=2008-08-26&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.sun.com%2Fjrose%2Fentry%2Finternational_invokedynamic_day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADa+Vinci+Machine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose2008" class="citation web cs1">Rose, John (2008-09-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mail.openjdk.java.net/pipermail/mlvm-dev/2008-September/000190.html">"Happy International Invokedynamic Day!"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Happy+International+Invokedynamic+Day%21&rft.date=2008-09-02&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmail.openjdk.java.net%2Fpipermail%2Fmlvm-dev%2F2008-September%2F000190.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADa+Vinci+Machine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLorimer2008" class="citation web cs1">Lorimer, R.J. (2008-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoq.com/news/2008/09/invokedynamic_day">"Dynamic Invocation Runs on OpenJDK"</a>. infoq.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dynamic+Invocation+Runs+on+OpenJDK&rft.pub=infoq.com&rft.date=2008-09-01&rft.aulast=Lorimer&rft.aufirst=R.J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoq.com%2Fnews%2F2008%2F09%2Finvokedynamic_day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADa+Vinci+Machine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNutter2008" class="citation web cs1">Nutter, Charles (2008-09-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.headius.com/2008/09/first-taste-of-invokedynamic.html">"A First Taste of InvokeDynamic"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-13</span></span>. <q><i>I managed to successfully wire InvokeDynamic directly into JRuby's dispatch process! Such excitement! The code is already in JRuby's trunk, and will ship with JRuby 1.1.5 (though it obviously will be disabled on JVMs without InvokeDynamic).</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+First+Taste+of+InvokeDynamic&rft.date=2008-09-11&rft.aulast=Nutter&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.headius.com%2F2008%2F09%2Ffirst-taste-of-invokedynamic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADa+Vinci+Machine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose2009" class="citation web cs1">Rose, John (2009-04-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mail.openjdk.java.net/pipermail/mlvm-dev/2009-April/000475.html">"progress: indy.patch -> JDK7"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-30</span></span>. <q><i>The majority of indy.patch has entered the JDK7 VM at my workgroup's integration repo, today at about 4:00AM PDT:</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=progress%3A+indy.patch+-%3E+JDK7&rft.date=2009-04-22&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmail.openjdk.java.net%2Fpipermail%2Fmlvm-dev%2F2009-April%2F000475.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADa+Vinci+Machine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNutter2008" class="citation web cs1">Nutter, Charles (2008-09-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.headius.com/2008/09/first-taste-of-invokedynamic.html">"A First Taste of InvokeDynamic"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-06</span></span>. <q><i>The dirty secret of several JVM implementations, Hotspot included, is that there's a separate heap (or a separate generation of the heap) used for special types of data like class definitions, class metadata, and sometimes bytecode or JITted native code. And it couldn't have a scarier name: The Permanent Generation. Except in rare cases, objects loaded into the PermGen are never garbage collected (because they're supposed to be permanent, get it?) and if not used very, very carefully, it will fill up(...)</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+First+Taste+of+InvokeDynamic&rft.date=2008-09-11&rft.aulast=Nutter&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.headius.com%2F2008%2F09%2Ffirst-taste-of-invokedynamic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADa+Vinci+Machine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Da_Vinci_Machine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openjdk.java.net/projects/mlvm/">Da Vinci Machine project page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openjdk.java.net/projects/mlvm/pdf/LangNet20080128.pdf">Sun presentation at Lang.NET Symposium</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110307133851/http://blogs.sun.com/jrose/">John Rose (project leader) blog</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/DynTypeLang/index.html">JSR 292 presentation paper</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.sun.com/jrose/resource/pres/201009-PPPJ.pdf">JSR 292 ACM 2010 presentation paper</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; 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