What is Prop Drilling and How to Avoid it?

<!DOCTYPE html>    <html lang="en-US" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#" >  <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=0.5, maximum-scale=3.0"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/cdn-uploads/gfg_favicon.png" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin> <meta name="theme-color" content="#308D46" /> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1' /> <meta name="image" property="og:image" content="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/cdn-uploads/gfg_200x200-min.png"> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="200"> <meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="xo7t4ve2wn3ywfkjdvwbrk01pvdond" /> <meta property="og:title" content="What is Prop Drilling and How to Avoid it? - GeeksforGeeks" /> <meta name="description" content="Prop drilling in React complicates code maintainability and scalability by requiring data to be passed through multiple intermediate components that do not use it, which can be avoided using the Context API or custom hooks." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-prop-drilling-and-how-to-avoid-it/" /> <meta name="keywords" content="Prop Drilling, React Components, Code Maintainability, Component Coupling, Scalability Issues, Increased Boilerplate, Context API, UserContext, Custom Hooks, useContext, Data Sharing, State Management, Reusable Functions, Component Hierarchy" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="GeeksforGeeks" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/cdn-uploads/gfg_200x200-min.png" /> <meta property="article:section" content="Web Technologies" /> <meta property="article:tag" content="Picked" /> <meta property="article:tag" content="React-Questions" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2021-06-23 00:30:04+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2025-02-07 15:47:00+00:00" /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2025-02-07 15:47:00+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/cdn-uploads/gfg_200x200-min.png" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Prop drilling in React complicates code maintainability and scalability by requiring data to be passed through multiple intermediate components that do not use it, which can be avoided using the Context API or custom hooks." /> <script src="https://cdnads.geeksforgeeks.org/synchronously_gfg_ads.min.js"></script> <script defer src="https://apis.google.com/js/platform.js"></script>        <script> var IHPWT={}; //Initialize Namespace var pbjs = pbjs || {}; pbjs.que = pbjs.que || []; var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; var gptRan = false; </script> <script defer src="https://ads.pubmatic.com/AdServer/js/pwt/162080/12331/pwt.js"></script> <script defer src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script defer src="https://cdnads.geeksforgeeks.org/prebid.js?ver=0.1"></script> <script defer src="https://cdnads.geeksforgeeks.org/gfg_ads.min.js?ver=0.1"></script> <script> var video_api_response = JSON.parse("{\"id\":10679,\"title\":\"What is Prop Drilling & How to Avoid it?\",\"slug\":\"what-is-prop-drilling-how-to-avoid-it\",\"description\":\"<h2>What is Prop Drilling and How to Avoid It | Comprehensive Guide<\/h2><p><strong>Prop drilling<\/strong> is a common issue in React where data needs to be passed down through multiple layers of components to reach a deeply nested component. It occurs when props are passed from a parent component to a child component, and then further down the component tree to other nested components, even if some of those intermediary components do not need the props. This can lead to more complex and harder-to-maintain code.<\/p><h3>What is Prop Drilling?<\/h3><p><strong>Prop drilling<\/strong> happens when you pass data from a parent component to a deeply nested child component through a chain of intermediary components that don't actually need the data themselves. This occurs because React\u2019s data flow is unidirectional, meaning that data is passed down from parent to child. When components are deeply nested, the process of passing props down through multiple layers can become cumbersome and lead to issues such as:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Increased complexity<\/strong>: Components that don't need the data are forced to receive and pass it down.<\/li><li><strong>Difficulty in maintenance<\/strong>: Changing the structure of the component hierarchy may require updating the props in several places.<\/li><li><strong>Unnecessary re-renders<\/strong>: Intermediate components can re-render even if they do not use the props directly.<\/li><\/ul><h3>Example of Prop Drilling<\/h3><p>Imagine you have a UserProfile component that needs to display the user's name, but the data is initially fetched in a top-level App component. To pass the user's name down to UserProfile, you might have to pass the data through several components:<\/p><p>rust<\/p><p>Copy code<\/p><p>App -> Header -> UserMenu -> UserProfile\\n<\/p><p>In this scenario, both Header and UserMenu would have to receive the user name as a prop and then pass it down to their children, even though these components do not actually use the user name.<\/p><h3>How to Avoid Prop Drilling<\/h3><p>Several techniques can help reduce or avoid prop drilling, making the code cleaner and more manageable.<\/p><p><strong>React Context API<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>The <strong>Context API<\/strong> provides a way to pass data through the component tree without having to manually pass props down at every level. With Context, you create a Provider component that supplies data, and any component in the tree can consume that data without prop drilling.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>State Management Libraries (Redux, MobX, etc.)<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>Redux<\/strong> or other state management libraries allow you to store the state in a central location. Components can then access the state directly from the store, reducing the need for prop drilling.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Component Composition<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Use <strong>component composition<\/strong> to pass only the necessary props to components that need them. This involves structuring your components in a way that avoids passing props through layers unnecessarily.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Custom Hooks<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>You can create <strong>custom Hooks<\/strong> to manage state and share functionality across multiple components without having to pass props. This can help encapsulate logic and avoid prop drilling.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Render Props<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>Render props<\/strong> is a pattern where a component uses a function as a prop to render some content. This pattern can be used to pass data and behavior down the component tree without resorting to prop drilling.<\/li><\/ul><h3>Avoiding Prop Drilling with React Context<\/h3><p>The <strong>React Context API<\/strong> is one of the most popular ways to avoid prop drilling. It allows you to create a context with a Provider component that supplies data to its children and a Consumer component or the useContext Hook to consume the data. With Context, you can avoid passing props through components that don\u2019t need them.<\/p><h3>Why Learn About Prop Drilling?<\/h3><p>Understanding <strong>prop drilling<\/strong> and how to avoid it is crucial for writing maintainable and scalable React applications. It allows developers to manage data flow more efficiently, reduce component complexity, and optimize performance. By using techniques like the Context API, state management libraries, and component composition, developers can build more modular and maintainable React applications.<\/p><p><strong>Topics Covered<\/strong>:<\/p><p><strong>What is Prop Drilling?<\/strong>: Understanding the concept and why it can be problematic in React applications.<\/p><p><strong>Techniques to Avoid Prop Drilling<\/strong>: Including the Context API, Redux, component composition, custom Hooks, and render props.<\/p><p><strong>Using Context to Avoid Prop Drilling<\/strong>: How the React Context API helps simplify data flow.<\/p><p>For more details and further examples, check out the full article on GeeksforGeeks: <a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/what-is-prop-drilling-and-how-to-avoid-it\/\\\">https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/what-is-prop-drilling-and-how-to-avoid-it\/<\/a>.<\/p>\",\"source\":\"https:\/\/videos.geeksforgeeks.org\/c8f98213607ad9904aa4023737c5d737gfg-propdrilling20241009180349\/video.m3u8\",\"category\":[{\"term_id__id\":91,\"term_id__term_name\":\"Web Development\",\"term_id__term_type\":1,\"term_id__slug\":\"web-development\"},{\"term_id__id\":150,\"term_id__term_name\":\"React\",\"term_id__term_type\":1,\"term_id__slug\":\"react\"},{\"term_id__id\":357,\"term_id__term_name\":\"React JS\",\"term_id__term_type\":1,\"term_id__slug\":\"react-js-w4t4xp\"},{\"term_id__id\":449,\"term_id__term_name\":\"web-technology\",\"term_id__term_type\":2,\"term_id__slug\":\"web-technology\"}],\"video_type\":\"geeksforgeeks\",\"meta\":{\"thumbnail\":\"https:\/\/media.geeksforgeeks.org\/geeksforgeeks\/WhatisPropDrillingHowtoAvoidit\/WhatisPropDrillingandHowtoAvoidit20241009180227-small.png\",\"largeThumbnail\":\"https:\/\/media.geeksforgeeks.org\/geeksforgeeks\/WhatisPropDrillingHowtoAvoidit\/WhatisPropDrillingandHowtoAvoidit20241009180227.jpg\",\"likes\":0,\"views\":1670,\"isFeatured\":0,\"isPremium\":0,\"isPublic\":0,\"format\":\"video\/mp4\",\"revision\":{}},\"time\":\"09\/10\/2024\",\"seo\":{\"description\":\"<h2>What is Prop Drilling and How to Avoid It | Comprehensive Guide<\/h2><p>\",\"thumbnail\":\"https:\/\/media.geeksforgeeks.org\/geeksforgeeks\/WhatisPropDrillingHowtoAvoidit\/WhatisPropDrillingandHowtoAvoidit20241009180227-seo.png\"},\"subtitle\":\"https:\/\/videos.geeksforgeeks.org\/c8f98213607ad9904aa4023737c5d737gfg-propdrilling20241009180349\/subtitle.vtt\",\"duration\":912,\"post_list\":[{\"post_id\":621663,\"post_title\":\"What is Prop Drilling and How to Avoid it ?\"}],\"course_link\":\"https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/courses\/react-js-beginner-to-advance\",\"views\":\"1670\",\"video_schema\":{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"VideoObject\",\"name\":\"What is Prop Drilling How to Avoid it?\",\"description\":\"What is Prop Drilling and How to Avoid It Comprehensive GuideProp drilling is a common issue in React where data needs to be passed down through multiple layers of components to reach a deeply nested component. It occurs when props are passed from a parent component to a child component, and then further down the component tree to other nested components, even if some of those intermediary components do not need the props. This can lead to more complex and harder-to-maintain code.What is Prop Drilling?Prop drilling happens when you pass data from a parent component to a deeply nested child component through a chain of intermediary components that dont actually need the data themselves. This occurs because Reacts data flow is unidirectional, meaning that data is passed down from parent to child. When components are deeply nested, the process of passing props down through multiple layers can become cumbersome and lead to issues such asIncreased complexity Components that dont need the data are forced to receive and pass it down.Difficulty in maintenance Changing the structure of the component hierarchy may require updating the props in several places.Unnecessary re-renders Intermediate components can re-render even if they do not use the props directly.Example of Prop DrillingImagine you have a UserProfile component that needs to display the users name, but the data is initially fetched in a top-level App component. To pass the users name down to UserProfile, you might have to pass the data through several componentsrustCopy codeApp - gt Header - gt UserMenu - gt UserProfile\\nIn this scenario, both Header and UserMenu would have to receive the user name as a prop and then pass it down to their children, even though these components do not actually use the user name.How to Avoid Prop DrillingSeveral techniques can help reduce or avoid prop drilling, making the code cleaner and more manageable.React Context APIThe Context API provides a way to pass data through the component tree without having to manually pass props down at every level. With Context, you create a Provider component that supplies data, and any component in the tree can consume that data without prop drilling.State Management Libraries (Redux, MobX, etc.)Redux or other state management libraries allow you to store the state in a central location. Components can then access the state directly from the store, reducing the need for prop drilling.Component CompositionUse component composition to pass only the necessary props to components that need them. This involves structuring your components in a way that avoids passing props through layers unnecessarily.Custom HooksYou can create custom Hooks to manage state and share functionality across multiple components without having to pass props. This can help encapsulate logic and avoid prop drilling.Render PropsRender props is a pattern where a component uses a function as a prop to render some content. This pattern can be used to pass data and behavior down the component tree without resorting to prop drilling.Avoiding Prop Drilling with React ContextThe React Context API is one of the most popular ways to avoid prop drilling. It allows you to create a context with a Provider component that supplies data to its children and a Consumer component or the useContext Hook to consume the data. With Context, you can avoid passing props through components that dont need them.Why Learn About Prop Drilling?Understanding prop drilling and how to avoid it is crucial for writing maintainable and scalable React applications. It allows developers to manage data flow more efficiently, reduce component complexity, and optimize performance. By using techniques like the Context API, state management libraries, and component composition, developers can build more modular and maintainable React applications.Topics CoveredWhat is Prop Drilling? Understanding the concept and why it can be problematic in React applications.Techniques to Avoid Prop Drilling Including the Context API, Redux, component composition, custom Hooks, and render props.Using Context to Avoid Prop Drilling How the React Context API helps simplify data flow.For more details and further examples, check out the full article on GeeksforGeeks httpswww.geeksforgeeks.orgwhat-is-prop-drilling-and-how-to-avoid-it.\",\"thumbnailUrl\":[\"https:\/\/media.geeksforgeeks.org\/geeksforgeeks\/WhatisPropDrillingHowtoAvoidit\/WhatisPropDrillingandHowtoAvoidit20241009180227.jpg\",\"https:\/\/media.geeksforgeeks.org\/geeksforgeeks\/WhatisPropDrillingHowtoAvoidit\/WhatisPropDrillingandHowtoAvoidit20241009180227-small.png\",\"https:\/\/media.geeksforgeeks.org\/geeksforgeeks\/WhatisPropDrillingHowtoAvoidit\/WhatisPropDrillingandHowtoAvoidit20241009180227-seo.png\"],\"uploadDate\":\"2024-10-09T18:05:45Z\",\"duration\":\"PT0H15M12S\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.geeksforgeeks.org\/videos\/what-is-prop-drilling-how-to-avoid-it\/\"}}"); </script>  <script defer src="https://assets.geeksforgeeks.org/codetabs/v3/codetabs.js" environment="production" domain="gfg" no-scroll></script> <title>What is Prop Drilling and How to Avoid it? - GeeksforGeeks</title> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <link rel="pingback" href="" />   <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"VideoObject","name":"What is Prop Drilling How to Avoid it?","description":"What is Prop Drilling and How to Avoid It Comprehensive GuideProp drilling is a common issue in React where data needs to be passed down through multiple layers of components to reach a deeply nested component. It occurs when props are passed from a parent component to a child component, and then further down the component tree to other nested components, even if some of those intermediary components do not need the props. This can lead to more complex and harder-to-maintain code.What is Prop Drilling?Prop drilling happens when you pass data from a parent component to a deeply nested child component through a chain of intermediary components that dont actually need the data themselves. This occurs because Reacts data flow is unidirectional, meaning that data is passed down from parent to child. When components are deeply nested, the process of passing props down through multiple layers can become cumbersome and lead to issues such asIncreased complexity Components that dont need the data are forced to receive and pass it down.Difficulty in maintenance Changing the structure of the component hierarchy may require updating the props in several places.Unnecessary re-renders Intermediate components can re-render even if they do not use the props directly.Example of Prop DrillingImagine you have a UserProfile component that needs to display the users name, but the data is initially fetched in a top-level App component. To pass the users name down to UserProfile, you might have to pass the data through several componentsrustCopy codeApp - gt Header - gt UserMenu - gt UserProfile\nIn this scenario, both Header and UserMenu would have to receive the user name as a prop and then pass it down to their children, even though these components do not actually use the user name.How to Avoid Prop DrillingSeveral techniques can help reduce or avoid prop drilling, making the code cleaner and more manageable.React Context APIThe Context API provides a way to pass data through the component tree without having to manually pass props down at every level. With Context, you create a Provider component that supplies data, and any component in the tree can consume that data without prop drilling.State Management Libraries (Redux, MobX, etc.)Redux or other state management libraries allow you to store the state in a central location. Components can then access the state directly from the store, reducing the need for prop drilling.Component CompositionUse component composition to pass only the necessary props to components that need them. This involves structuring your components in a way that avoids passing props through layers unnecessarily.Custom HooksYou can create custom Hooks to manage state and share functionality across multiple components without having to pass props. This can help encapsulate logic and avoid prop drilling.Render PropsRender props is a pattern where a component uses a function as a prop to render some content. This pattern can be used to pass data and behavior down the component tree without resorting to prop drilling.Avoiding Prop Drilling with React ContextThe React Context API is one of the most popular ways to avoid prop drilling. It allows you to create a context with a Provider component that supplies data to its children and a Consumer component or the useContext Hook to consume the data. With Context, you can avoid passing props through components that dont need them.Why Learn About Prop Drilling?Understanding prop drilling and how to avoid it is crucial for writing maintainable and scalable React applications. It allows developers to manage data flow more efficiently, reduce component complexity, and optimize performance. By using techniques like the Context API, state management libraries, and component composition, developers can build more modular and maintainable React applications.Topics CoveredWhat is Prop Drilling? Understanding the concept and why it can be problematic in React applications.Techniques to Avoid Prop Drilling Including the Context API, Redux, component composition, custom Hooks, and render props.Using Context to Avoid Prop Drilling How the React Context API helps simplify data flow.For more details and further examples, check out the full article on GeeksforGeeks httpswww.geeksforgeeks.orgwhat-is-prop-drilling-and-how-to-avoid-it.","thumbnailUrl":["https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/geeksforgeeks/WhatisPropDrillingHowtoAvoidit/WhatisPropDrillingandHowtoAvoidit20241009180227.jpg","https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/geeksforgeeks/WhatisPropDrillingHowtoAvoidit/WhatisPropDrillingandHowtoAvoidit20241009180227-small.png","https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/geeksforgeeks/WhatisPropDrillingHowtoAvoidit/WhatisPropDrillingandHowtoAvoidit20241009180227-seo.png"],"uploadDate":"2024-10-09T18:05:45Z","duration":"PT0H15M12S","contentUrl":"https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/videos/what-is-prop-drilling-how-to-avoid-it/"}</script>   <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "id": "https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-prop-drilling-and-how-to-avoid-it/" }, "headline": "What is Prop Drilling and How to Avoid it?", "datePublished": "2021-06-23 12:30:04", "dateModified": "2025-02-07 03:47:00", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20210618101141/Untitled.png", "width": "999", "height": "645" }, "author": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "GeeksforGeeks", "url": "https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/cdn-uploads/logo-new-2.svg", "width": "301", "height": "40" } }, "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "GeeksforGeeks", "url": "https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/cdn-uploads/logo-new-2.svg", "width": "301", "height": "40" } }, "description": "Prop drilling in React refers to the process of passing data (props) from a parent component down to deeply nested child components through multiple intermediate components, even if those intermediate components do not directly use the data. 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down to deeply nested child components through multiple intermediate components, even if those intermediate components do not directly use the data. This can lead to unnecessary complexity and reduced maintainability.</span></p> <gfg-tabs data-run-ide="false" data-mode="light"> <gfg-tab slot="tab">JavaScript</gfg-tab> <gfg-panel slot="panel" data-code-lang="javascript" data-main-code-start="None" data-main-code-end="None"> <code class="language-javascript"><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><span class=k>import</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>React</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kr>from</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"react"</span><span class=p>;</span> <span class=c1>// Parent component that holds the message and passes it down</span> <span class=kd>function</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>Parent</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=kd>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>message</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"Hello from Parent"</span><span class=p>;</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=nx>div</span><span class=o>></span> <span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=nx>Child</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>message</span><span class=o>=</span><span class=p>{</span><span class=nx>message</span><span class=p>}</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>/></span> <span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=err>/div></span> <span class=w> </span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=p>}</span> <span class=kd>function</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>Child</span><span class=p>({</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>message</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>})</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=nx>div</span><span class=o>></span> <span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=nx>Grandchild</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>message</span><span class=o>=</span><span class=p>{</span><span class=nx>message</span><span class=p>}</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>/></span> <span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=err>/div></span> <span class=w> </span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=p>}</span> <span class=kd>function</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>Grandchild</span><span class=p>({</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>message</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>})</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=nx>div</span><span class=o>></span> <span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=nx>p</span><span class=o>></span><span class=nx>Message</span><span class=o>:</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=nx>message</span><span class=p>}</span><span class=o><</span><span class=err>/p></span> <span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=err>/div></span> <span class=w> </span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=p>}</span> <span class=k>export</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>default</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kd>function</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>App</span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=nx>div</span><span class=o>></span> <span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=nx>Parent</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>/></span> <span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=err>/div></span> <span class=w> </span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=p>}</span> </pre></div></code> </gfg-panel></gfg-tabs><p dir="ltr"><b><strong>Output</strong></b></p> <pre><span>Message: Hello from Parent</span></pre><p dir="ltr"><span>In this example, the message is passed from Parent to Grandchild through the Child, even though the Child does not use it. This can become unmanageable as the app scales.</span></p> <h2 style="text-align:left"><span>Why We Shouldn’t Use Prop Drilling?</span></h2><ul><li value="1"><b><strong>Code Maintainability:</strong></b><span> Passing props through multiple components makes the code harder to read and update.</span></li><li value="2"><b><strong>Component Coupling: </strong></b><span>Components become tightly coupled to their parent components, making them less reusable.</span></li><li value="3"><b><strong>Scalability Issues: </strong></b><span>As the app grows, prop drilling can lead to a cluttered component hierarchy.</span></li><li value="4"><b><strong>Increased Boilerplate: </strong></b><span>Developers must manually pass props at each level, leading to unnecessary duplication of code.</span></li></ul><h2 style="text-align:left"><span>How to Avoid Prop Drilling?</span></h2><h3 style="text-align:left"><span>1. </span><b><strong>Using Context API</strong></b></h3><p dir="ltr"><span>The React </span><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/explain-new-context-api-in-react/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><b><strong>Context API</strong></b></a><span> provides a way to share values (like state, functions, or constants) between components without explicitly passing props.</span></p> <gfg-tabs data-run-ide="false" data-mode="light"> <gfg-tab slot="tab">JavaScript</gfg-tab> <gfg-panel slot="panel" data-code-lang="javascript" data-main-code-start="None" data-main-code-end="None"> <code class="language-javascript"><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><span class=k>import</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>React</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>createContext</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>useContext</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kr>from</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>'react'</span><span class=p>;</span> <span class=kd>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>UserContext</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>createContext</span><span class=p>();</span> <span class=kd>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>App</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>=></span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=kd>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>userName</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s1>'geeksforgeeks'</span><span class=p>;</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=nx>UserContext</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=nx>Provider</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>value</span><span class=o>=</span><span class=p>{</span><span class=nx>userName</span><span class=p>}</span><span class=o>></span> <span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=nx>Parent</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>/></span> <span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=err>/UserContext.Provider></span> <span class=w> </span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=p>};</span> <span class=kd>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>Parent</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>=></span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=nx>Child</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>/></span><span class=p>;</span> <span class=p>};</span> <span class=kd>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>Child</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>=></span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=nx>GrandChild</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>/></span><span class=p>;</span> <span class=p>};</span> <span class=kd>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>GrandChild</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>=></span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=kd>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>userName</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>useContext</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=nx>UserContext</span><span class=p>);</span><span class=w> </span><span class=c1>// Access context value</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=nx>p</span><span class=o>></span><span class=nx>Hello</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=nx>userName</span><span class=p>}</span><span class=o>!<</span><span class=err>/p>;</span> <span class=p>};</span> <span class=k>export</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>default</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>App</span><span class=p>;</span> </pre></div></code> </gfg-panel></gfg-tabs><p dir="ltr"><span>Output</span></p> <pre><span>Hello geeksforgeeks!</span></pre><p dir="ltr"><b><strong>In this example</strong></b></p> <ul><li value="1"><span>createContext() creates a context (UserContext) to share data across components.</span></li><li value="2"><span>The App component uses UserContext.Provider to pass userName (‘geeksforgeeks’) as the context value.</span></li><li value="3"><span>ParentComponent and its children (ChildComponent, GrandChildComponent) are wrapped by the provider.</span></li><li value="4"><span>GrandChildComponent accesses the context value using useContext(UserContext).</span></li><li value="5"><span>The value (‘geeksforgeeks’) is displayed in a <p> tag as “Hello, geeksforgeeks!”.</span></li></ul><h3 style="text-align:left"><span>2. Using Custom Hooks</span></h3><p dir="ltr"><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/reactjs-custom-hooks/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Custom hooks </span></a><span>are reusable functions in React that encapsulate stateful logic, starting with </span><code><span>use</span></code><span> (e.g., </span><code><span>useFetch</span></code><span>). They improve code reusability, keep components clean, and allow sharing logic across components.</span></p> <gfg-tabs data-run-ide="false" data-mode="light"> <gfg-tab slot="tab">JavaScript</gfg-tab> <gfg-panel slot="panel" data-code-lang="javascript" data-main-code-start="None" data-main-code-end="None"> <code class="language-javascript"><div class=highlight><pre><span></span><span class=k>import</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>React</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>createContext</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>useContext</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>}</span><span class=w> </span><span class=kr>from</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"react"</span><span class=p>;</span> <span class=kd>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>UserContext</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>createContext</span><span class=p>();</span> <span class=kd>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>useUser</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>=></span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>useContext</span><span class=p>(</span><span class=nx>UserContext</span><span class=p>);</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>};</span> <span class=kd>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>App</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>=></span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=kd>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>userName</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=s2>"GeeksforGeeks"</span><span class=p>;</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>(</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=nx>UserContext</span><span class=p>.</span><span class=nx>Provider</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>value</span><span class=o>=</span><span class=p>{</span><span class=nx>userName</span><span class=p>}</span><span class=o>></span> <span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=nx>Component</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>/></span> <span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=err>/UserContext.Provider></span> <span class=w> </span><span class=p>);</span> <span class=p>};</span> <span class=kd>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>Component</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>=></span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=nx>Child</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>/></span><span class=p>;</span> <span class=p>};</span> <span class=kd>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>Child</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>=></span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=nx>Grand</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>/></span><span class=p>;</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>};</span> <span class=kd>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>Grand</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>()</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>=></span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=kd>const</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>userName</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o>=</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>useUser</span><span class=p>();</span> <span class=w> </span><span class=k>return</span><span class=w> </span><span class=o><</span><span class=nx>p</span><span class=o>></span><span class=nx>Hello</span><span class=p>,</span><span class=w> </span><span class=p>{</span><span class=nx>userName</span><span class=p>}</span><span class=o>!<</span><span class=err>/p>;</span> <span class=p>};</span> <span class=k>export</span><span class=w> </span><span class=k>default</span><span class=w> </span><span class=nx>App</span><span class=p>;</span> </pre></div></code> </gfg-panel></gfg-tabs><p dir="ltr"><span>Output</span></p> <pre><span>Hello, GeeksforGeeks!</span></pre><p dir="ltr"><b><strong>In this example</strong></b></p> <ul><li value="1"><span>createContext() creates UserContext to share data across components.</span></li><li value="2"><span>useUser() is a custom hook wrapping useContext(UserContext) for simplicity.</span></li><li value="3"><span>App provides the context value (“GeeksforGeeks”) using UserContext.Provider.</span></li><li value="4"><span>Nested components (Component, Child, Grand) inherit the context value.</span></li><li value="5"><span>Grand accesses the value via useUser() and displays “Hello, GeeksforGeeks!</span></li></ul><div hideAd="MID"></div><br/><div id="AP_G4GR_6"></div>  <div class='article_bottom_text'></div><br> <div id="video-tab-content" class="video-tab-content"> <div style="text-align: center; margin: 20px 0px;" id="GFG_AD_InContent_Desktop_728x280"></div> </div> <div class="d-row content-bw article-pgnavi v-divider-gfg"style="margin-top: 20px;"> <div class="article-pgnavi_prev"><div class="comment_div" data-title="Comments"><button class="author_footer_btn" data-gfg-action="loadComments"> <div class='discussion_panel'> <i class='discussion_button'> </i> Comment </div></button></div><div class="trigger-div"><button 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