CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="sco" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Ruthenium - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )scowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","Januar","Februar","Mairch","Apryle","Mey","Juin","Julie","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"4adc151a-10e8-4c52-85c8-84cde63d486f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Ruthenium","wgTitle":"Ruthenium","wgCurRevisionId":514548,"wgRevisionId":514548,"wgArticleId":63300,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages uisin infobox element wi unkent parameters","Chemical elements","Transeetion metals","Precious metals","Ruthenium","Noble metals"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"sco","wgPageContentLanguage":"sco","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Ruthenium","wgRelevantArticleId":63300,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"sco","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"sco"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":1000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1086","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sco&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=sco&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sco&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ruthenium_crystals.jpg/1200px-Ruthenium_crystals.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1044"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ruthenium_crystals.jpg/800px-Ruthenium_crystals.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="696"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ruthenium_crystals.jpg/640px-Ruthenium_crystals.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="557"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Ruthenium - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//sco.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Eedit" href="/w/index.php?title=Ruthenium&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (sco)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//sco.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sco"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom Feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Ruthenium rootpage-Ruthenium skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">Dern</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Gang til the Main Page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Commonty_Yett" title="Anent the project, whit ye can dae, whaur tae find things"><span>Commonty Yett</span></a></li><li id="n-discussions" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mercat_Cross"><span>Mercat Cross</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="Ae leet o recent chynges in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent chynges</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Laid ae random page [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Wale page allevolie</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="The place tae find oot"><span>Help</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-sco.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopaedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sco.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Rake this wiki [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Rake</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Sairch Wikipedia" aria-label="Sairch Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Rake this wiki [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Rake</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tuils"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sco.wikipedia.org&uselang=sco" class=""><span>Propines</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ruthenium" title="We encoorage ye tae creaute aen accoont n log in; houever, it's no strictllie nesisair" class=""><span>Mak accoont</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ruthenium" title="It's a guid idea tae log i, but ye dinna hae tae. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tuils" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tuils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sco.wikipedia.org&uselang=sco"><span>Propines</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Contribute</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ruthenium" title="We encoorage ye tae creaute aen accoont n log in; houever, it's no strictllie nesisair"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Mak accoont</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ruthenium" title="It's a guid idea tae log i, but ye dinna hae tae. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion anent edits fae this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Collogue for this IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Dern</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ruthenium</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 139 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-139" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">139 leids</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rutenium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%89%B4%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ሩቴኒየም – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሩቴኒየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Rutenio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="روثينيوم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روثينيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="روثينيوم – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="روثينيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="روثينيوم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روثينيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteniu" title="Ruteniu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ruteniu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutel" title="Rutel – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Rutel" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rutenium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth%C3%A9nium" title="Ruthénium – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Ruthénium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenyo" title="Rutenyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Rutenyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Рутэній – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рутэній" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Рутэн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рутэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – Bulgairien" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgairien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुथेनियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रुथेनियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="রুথিনিয়াম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রুথিনিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="རུ་ཐེ་ནིམ་། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རུ་ཐེ་ནིམ་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteniom" title="Ruteniom – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ruteniom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenij" title="Rutenij – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rutenij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteni" title="Ruteni – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ruteni" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenyo" title="Rutenyo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rutenyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="ڕوتینیۆم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕوتینیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteniu" title="Ruteniu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ruteniu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwtheniwm" title="Rwtheniwm – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rwtheniwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Dens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featurt airticles"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featurt airticles"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ρουθήνιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρουθήνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Inglis" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inglis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rutenio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio – Spainish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rutenio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spainish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteenium" title="Ruteenium – Eastlands" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ruteenium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Eastlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rutenio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="روتنیم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روتنیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rutenium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth%C3%A9nium" title="Ruthénium – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ruthénium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteenium" title="Ruteenium – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ruteenium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteni" title="Ruteni – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Ruteni" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruit%C3%A9iniam" title="Ruitéiniam – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ruitéiniam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Rutenium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rutenio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A5%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="રુથેનિયમ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રુથેનિયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutainium" title="Rutainium – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Rutainium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="רותניום – Ebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רותניום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुथेनियम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रुथेनियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenij" title="Rutenij – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rutenij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C3%A9nium" title="Ruténium – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ruténium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Ռութենիում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռութենիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rutenium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rutenio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAten" title="Rúten – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rúten" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rutenio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="ルテニウム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルテニウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/rukyjinme" title="rukyjinme – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="rukyjinme" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C3%A8niyum" title="Rutèniyum – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Rutèniyum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="რუთენიუმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუთენიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%CA%8At%C9%9Bn%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Rʊtɛnɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Rʊtɛnɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ರುಥೇನಿಯಮ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರುಥೇನಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%ED%85%8C%EB%8A%84" title="루테늄 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루테늄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBteny%C3%BBm" title="Rûtenyûm – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rûtenyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutheniom" title="Rutheniom – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Rutheniom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Laitin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Laitin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutennio" title="Rutennio – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Rutennio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Rutenio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenis" title="Rutenis – Lithuanie" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rutenis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanie" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C4%93nijs" title="Rutēnijs – Letts" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rutēnijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letts" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Рутени – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Рутени" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Рутениум – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рутениум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="റുഥീനിയം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റുഥീനിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Рутени – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Рутени" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯔꯨꯊꯦꯅꯤꯌꯝ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔꯨꯊꯦꯅꯤꯌꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुथेनियम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रुथेनियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rutenium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ရက်သီနီယမ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရက်သီနီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुथेनियम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रुथेनियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C3%A8ni" title="Rutèni – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rutèni" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenii" title="Rutenii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Rutenii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਰੂਥੇਨੀਅਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂਥੇਨੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुथेनियम – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="रुथेनियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruten" title="Ruten – Polls" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ruten" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polls" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteni" title="Ruteni – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ruteni" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="روتھینیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روتھینیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="روتېنيوم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روتېنيوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C3%AAnio" title="Rutênio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rutênio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthinyu" title="Ruthinyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ruthinyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteniu" title="Ruteniu – Roumains" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ruteniu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roumains" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteniu" title="Ruteniu – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Ruteniu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – Roushien" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Roushien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुथेनियम – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रुथेनियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C3%A8niu" title="Rutèniu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Rutèniu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteniu" title="Ruteniu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ruteniu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenijum" title="Rutenijum – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rutenijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C3%A9nium" title="Ruténium – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ruténium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenij" title="Rutenij – Slovein" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rutenij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovein" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutheniyaam" title="Rutheniyaam – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Rutheniyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutheniumi" title="Rutheniumi – Albainien" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rutheniumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Рутенијум – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рутенијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium – Swaidish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rutenium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swaidish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutheni" title="Rutheni – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Rutheni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="உருத்தேனியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருத்தேனியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="รูทีเนียม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รูทีเนียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutinyo" title="Rutinyo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rutinyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenyum" title="Rutenyum – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rutenyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A" title="رۇتېنىي – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="رۇتېنىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Рутеній – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рутеній" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="روتھینیئم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روتھینیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteniy" title="Ruteniy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ruteniy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenii" title="Rutenii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Rutenii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutheni" title="Rutheni – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rutheni" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenyo" title="Rutenyo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rutenyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="钌" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D2%AF%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D2%AF%D0%BC" title="Рүтениүм – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Рүтениүм" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="רוטעניום – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רוטעניום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌 – Cheenese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="钌" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cheenese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%95" title="釕 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="釕" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%95" title="釕 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="釕" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISalanqwali" title="ISalanqwali – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ISalanqwali" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1086#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Eedit interleid airtins" class="wbc-editpage">Eedit airtins</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Leuk at the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Airticle</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collogue:Ruthenium&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion anent the content page (page disna exeest) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Collogue</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Scots</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruthenium&veaction=edit" title="Chynge this page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Eedit</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruthenium&action=edit" title="Eedit the soorce code o this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Eedit soorce</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruthenium&action=history" title="Auld revisions o this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>See history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tuilkist" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tuilkist</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tuils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">Dern</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruthenium&veaction=edit" title="Chynge this page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Eedit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruthenium&action=edit" title="Eedit the soorce code o this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Eedit soorce</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruthenium&action=history"><span>See history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Ruthenium" title="Ae leet o aw wiki pages that airt here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Whit airts tae here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Ruthenium" rel="nofollow" title="Recynt chynges in pages linkt fae this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relatit chynges</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=sco" title="Uplaid files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Uplaid file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Ae leet o aw byordinar pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Byordinar pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruthenium&oldid=514548" title="Permanent link til this reveesion o the page"><span>Permanent airtin</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruthenium&action=info" title="Mair information anent this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Ruthenium&id=514548&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on hou tae cite this page"><span>Cite this airticle</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRuthenium"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRuthenium"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Prent/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Ruthenium"><span>Create a beuk</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ruthenium&action=show-download-screen"><span>Doonload as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruthenium&printable=yes" title="Prentable version o this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Prent version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In ither projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1086" title="Airt tae connected data reposeterie item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Dern</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Frae Wikipedia, the free beuk o knawledge</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sco" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><caption><span style="white-space:nowrap">Ruthenium, <sub><span style="font-size:smaller;">44</span></sub>Ru</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruthenium_crystals.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-top-image/alt"><img alt="Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-top-image/alt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ruthenium_crystals.jpg/220px-Ruthenium_crystals.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ruthenium_crystals.jpg/330px-Ruthenium_crystals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ruthenium_crystals.jpg/440px-Ruthenium_crystals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2404" data-file-height="2092" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0">Ruthenium</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Pronunciation</th><td><span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Inglis" title="Help:IPA for Inglis">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/uː/ long 'oo' in 'food'">uː</span><span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/θ/ 'th' in 'thigh'">θ</span><span title="/iː/ long 'e' in 'seed'">iː</span><span title="'n' in 'no'">n</span><span title="/i/ 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/ 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span> <wbr /><span class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respellin_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respellin key"><small title="Inglis pronunciation respellin"><i>roo-<b>THEE</b>-nee-əm</i></small></a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Appearance</th><td>sillery white metallic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_atomic_weight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard atomic weight (page disna exeest)">Standard atomic weight</a><span style="font-weight:normal;"> <i>A</i><sub>r, std</sub>(Ru)</span></th><td><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">7002101070000000000♠</span>101.07(2)</span><sup id="cite_ref-CIAAW2013_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAAW2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0">Ruthenium in the <a href="/wiki/Periodic_cairt" title="Periodic cairt">periodic cairt</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; border-width:1px; background:#f8f8f8;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:0 auto; background:transparent; border:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:5px"> <table class="nogrid" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color:transparent; text-align: center; empty-cells: show; border:none"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e7ff8f;">Hydrogen</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#c0ffff;">Helium</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff6666;">Lithium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffdead;">Beryllium</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#cccc99;">Boron</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#a1ffc3;">Carbon</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e7ff8f;">Nitrogen</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e7ff8f;">Oxygen</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e7ff8f;">Fluorine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#c0ffff;">Neon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff6666;">Sodium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffdead;">Magnesium</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#cccccc;">Aluminium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Silicon" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#cccc99;">Silicon</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#a1ffc3;">Phosphorus</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulfur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulfur (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#a1ffc3;">Sulfur</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e7ff8f;">Chlorine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#c0ffff;">Argon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff6666;">Potassium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffdead;">Calcium</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scandium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scandium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Scandium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Titanium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanadium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanadium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Vanadium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Chromium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Manganese</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Airn" title="Airn"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Airn</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobalt"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Cobalt</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nickel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nickel (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Nickel</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Capper" title="Capper"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Capper</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Zinc</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#cccccc;">Gallium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#cccc99;">Germanium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsenic"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#cccc99;">Arsenic</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selenium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selenium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#a1ffc3;">Selenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromine (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e7ff8f;">Bromine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krypton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krypton (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#c0ffff;">Krypton</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff6666;">Rubidium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strontium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strontium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffdead;">Strontium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none"> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yttrium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yttrium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Yttrium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zirconium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zirconium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Zirconium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Niobium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Molybdenum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Technetium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0; border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">Ruthenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhodium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Rhodium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Palladium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Siller_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siller (element)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Siller (element)</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Cadmium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#cccccc;">Indium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tin (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#cccccc;">Tin</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#cccc99;">Antimony</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#cccc99;">Tellurium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iodine (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e7ff8f;">Iodine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#c0ffff;">Xenon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr style="border:none"> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff6666;">Caesium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffdead;">Barium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffbfff;">Lanthanum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffbfff;">Cerium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodymium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praseodymium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffbfff;">Praseodymium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neodymium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neodymium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffbfff;">Neodymium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Promethium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Promethium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffbfff;">Promethium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffbfff;">Samarium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffbfff;">Europium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadolinium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffbfff;">Gadolinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terbium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terbium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffbfff;">Terbium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffbfff;">Dysprosium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holmium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holmium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffbfff;">Holmium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erbium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffbfff;">Erbium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thulium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffbfff;">Thulium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ytterbium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ytterbium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffbfff;">Ytterbium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutetium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutetium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffbfff;">Lutetium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Hafnium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantalum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tantalum (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Tantalum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Tungsten</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhenium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhenium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Rhenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Osmium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Iridium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Platinum</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Gowd" title="Gowd"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Gowd</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Mercur_(element)" title="Mercur (element)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Mercur (element)</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thallium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#cccccc;">Thallium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Leid_(element)" title="Leid (element)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#cccccc;">Leid (element)</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#cccccc;">Bismuth</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#cccccc;">Polonium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astatine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astatine (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#cccc99;">Astatine</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#c0ffff;">Radon</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff6666;">Francium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffdead;">Radium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Actinium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Actinium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff99cc;">Actinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thorium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff99cc;">Thorium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff99cc;">Protactinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff99cc;">Uranium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neptunium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neptunium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff99cc;">Neptunium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plutonium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plutonium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff99cc;">Plutonium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Americium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Americium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff99cc;">Americium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff99cc;">Curium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkelium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berkelium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff99cc;">Berkelium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Californium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff99cc;">Californium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Einsteinium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Einsteinium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff99cc;">Einsteinium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fermium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff99cc;">Fermium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mendelevium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mendelevium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff99cc;">Mendelevium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nobelium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nobelium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff99cc;">Nobelium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrencium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrencium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ff99cc;">Lawrencium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Rutherfordium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dubnium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dubnium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Dubnium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seaborgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seaborgium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Seaborgium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bohrium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bohrium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Bohrium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hassium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Hassium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meitnerium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meitnerium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Meitnerium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darmstadtium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darmstadtium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Darmstadtium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roentgenium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roentgenium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Roentgenium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copernicium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copernicium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#ffc0c0;">Copernicium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ununtrium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ununtrium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Ununtrium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flerovium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flerovium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#cccccc;">Flerovium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ununpentium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ununpentium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Ununpentium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Livermorium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Livermorium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Livermorium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ununseptium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ununseptium (page disna exeest)"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Ununseptium</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none"><a href="/wiki/Ununoctium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununoctium"><span style="display:block;width:6px;height:8px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent;background-color:#e8e8e8;">Ununoctium</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Iron" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron">Fe</a><br />↑<br /><strong>Ru</strong><br />↓<br /><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">technetium</a> ← <strong>ruthenium</strong> → <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhodium (page disna exeest)">rhodium</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_nummer" title="Atomic nummer">Atomic nummer</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<i>Z</i>)</span></span></th><td>44</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_(periodic_cairt)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group (periodic cairt) (page disna exeest)">Group</a></th><td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_8_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group 8 element (page disna exeest)">group 8</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Period_(periodic_cairt)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Period (periodic cairt) (page disna exeest)">Period</a></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Period_5_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Period 5 element (page disna exeest)">period 5</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Block_(periodic_cairt)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Block (periodic cairt) (page disna exeest)">Block</a></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=D-block&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D-block (page disna exeest)">d-block</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_for_sets_o_chemical_elements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Names for sets o chemical elements (page disna exeest)">Element category</a></th><td><span title="color legend: Transeetion metal" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; width:6px; height:8px; border:1px solid black; background:#ffc0c0"> </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transeetion_metal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transeetion metal (page disna exeest)">Transeetion metal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electron_confeeguration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electron confeeguration (page disna exeest)">Electron confeeguration</a></th><td>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Krypton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krypton (page disna exeest)">Kr</a>] 4d<sup>7</sup> 5s<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Electrons per shell</th><td>2, 8, 18, 15, 1</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0">Pheesical properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Phase_(maiter)" title="Phase (maiter)">Phase</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">at <span title="STP: standard temperature and pressure: 0 °C and 101.325 kPa"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staundart_condeetions_for_temperatur_an_pressur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Staundart condeetions for temperatur an pressur (page disna exeest)">STP</a></span></span></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solit (page disna exeest)">solit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meltin_pynt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meltin pynt (page disna exeest)">Meltin pynt</a></th><td>2607 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (2334 °C, 4233 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bylin_pynt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bylin pynt (page disna exeest)">Bylin pynt</a></th><td>4423 K (4150 °C, 7502 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(near <abbr title="room temperature">r.t.</abbr>)</span></th><td>12.45 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><span style="font-weight:normal;">when liquid (at <abbr title="meltin pynt">m.p.</abbr>)</span></th><td>10.65 g/cm<sup>3</sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enthalpy_o_fusion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enthalpy o fusion (page disna exeest)">Heat o fusion</a></th><td>38.59 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilojoule_per_mole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kilojoule per mole (page disna exeest)">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enthalpy_o_vapourisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enthalpy o vapourisation (page disna exeest)">Heat o vapourisation</a></th><td>591.6 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molar_heat_capacity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molar heat capacity (page disna exeest)">Molar heat capacity</a></th><td>24.06 J/(mol·K) </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vapor_pressure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vapor pressure (page disna exeest)"><b>Vapour pressur</b></a><div style="margin:0 auto;"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Pressur (in Pascal)"><i>P</i></abbr> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(Pa)</span> </th> <th>1 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>1 k </th> <th>10 k </th> <th>100 k </th></tr> <tr> <th>at <abbr title="Temperatur (in kelvins)"><i>T</i></abbr> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(K)</span> </th> <td>2588 </td> <td>2811 </td> <td>3087 </td> <td>3424 </td> <td>3845 </td> <td>4388 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0">Atomic properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxidation_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxidation state (page disna exeest)">Oxidation states</a></th><td>−4, −2, 0, +1,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> +2, <span style="font-size:112%;"><b>+3</b></span>, <span style="font-size:112%;"><b>+4</b></span>, +5, +6, +7, +8 (a mildly <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acidic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acidic (page disna exeest)">acidic</a> oxide)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronegativity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electronegativity (page disna exeest)">Electronegativity</a></th><td>Pauling scale: 2.2 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomic_radius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atomic radius (page disna exeest)">Atomic radius</a></th><td>empirical: 134 <a href="/wiki/Picometre" title="Picometre">pm</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Covalent_radius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Covalent radius (page disna exeest)">Covalent radius</a></th><td>146±7 pm </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruthenium_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Colour lines in a spectral range"><img alt="Colour lines in a spectral range" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Ruthenium_spectrum_visible.png/240px-Ruthenium_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Ruthenium_spectrum_visible.png/360px-Ruthenium_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Ruthenium_spectrum_visible.png/480px-Ruthenium_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Colour lines in a spectral range</figcaption></figure><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spectral_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spectral line (page disna exeest)">Spectral lines</a> o ruthenium</strong></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0">Ither properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Naitural occurrence</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primordial_nuclide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primordial nuclide (page disna exeest)">primordial</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Creestal_structur" title="Creestal structur">Creestal structur</a></th><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-packin_o_equal_spheres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Close-packin o equal spheres (page disna exeest)">hexagonal close-packed</a> (hcp)<div style="float:right;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hexagonal_close_packed.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hexagonal close packed creestal structur for ruthenium"><img alt="Hexagonal close packed creestal structur for ruthenium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/50px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/75px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hexagonal_close_packed.svg/100px-Hexagonal_close_packed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speed_o_soond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Speed o soond (page disna exeest)">Speed o soond</a>  <span style="font-weight:normal;">thin rod</span></th><td>5970 m/s (at 20 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coeffeecient_o_thermal_expansion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coeffeecient o thermal expansion (page disna exeest)">Thermal expansion</a></th><td>6.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Thermal_conductivity" title="Thermal conductivity">Thermal conductivity</a></th><td>117 W/(m·K) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Electrical_resistivity_an_conductivity" title="Electrical resistivity an conductivity">Electrical resistivity</a></th><td>71 n Ω·m (at 0 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetism (page disna exeest)">Magnetic orderin</a></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramagnetic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paramagnetic (page disna exeest)">paramagnetic</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Young%27s_modulus" title="Young's modulus">Young's modulus</a></th><td>447 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shear_modulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shear modulus (page disna exeest)">Shear modulus</a></th><td>173 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulk_modulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulk modulus (page disna exeest)">Bulk modulus</a></th><td>220 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poisson%27s_ratio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poisson's ratio (page disna exeest)">Poisson ratio</a></th><td>0.30 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Mohs_scale_o_meeneral_haurdness" title="Mohs scale o meeneral haurdness">Mohs haurdness</a></th><td>6.5 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brinell_haurdness_test&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brinell haurdness test (page disna exeest)">Brinell haurdness</a></th><td>2160 MPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CAS_Registry_Nummer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CAS Registry Nummer (page disna exeest)">CAS Nummer</a></th><td>7440-18-8 </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_o_chemical_element_diskiveries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline o chemical element diskiveries (page disna exeest)">Diskivery</a></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C4%99drzej_%C5%9Aniadecki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jędrzej Śniadecki (page disna exeest)">Jędrzej Śniadecki</a><span class="nowrap"> (1807)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">First isolation</th><td>Jędrzej Śniadecki<span class="nowrap"> (1807)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Recognised as a distinct <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">element</a> by</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Ernst_Claus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Ernst Claus (page disna exeest)">Karl Ernst Claus</a> (1844)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0">Main <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_o_ruthenium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isotopes o ruthenium (page disna exeest)">isotopes o ruthenium</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="1" style="text-align: center; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0; padding: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">Isotope</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naitural_abundance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naitural abundance (page disna exeest)">Abundance</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hauf-life&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hauf-life (page disna exeest)">Hauf-life</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>)</span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay" title="Radioactive decay">Decay mode</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Decay_product" title="Decay product">Product</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>96</sup>Ru </th> <td style="text-align:right;">5.52% </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1_E19_s_and_more&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1 E19 s and more (page disna exeest)">>6.7×10<sup>16</sup> y</a> </td> <td>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Double_beta_decay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Double beta decay (page disna exeest)">β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup></a>) </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molybdenum-96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molybdenum-96 (page disna exeest)"><sup>96</sup>Mo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>97</sup>Ru </th> <td rowspan="2" style="<strong class="><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synthetic_radioisotope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synthetic radioisotope (page disna exeest)">syn</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1_E5_s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1 E5 s (page disna exeest)">2.9 d</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electron_captur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electron captur (page disna exeest)">ε</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium-97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Technetium-97 (page disna exeest)"><sup>97</sup>Tc</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">γ</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><sup></sup>- </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>98</sup>Ru </th> <td style="text-align:right;">1.88% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">- </td> <td>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spontaneous_fission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spontaneous fission (page disna exeest)">SF</a>) </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><sup></sup>- </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>99</sup>Ru </th> <td style="text-align:right;">12.7% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">- </td> <td>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spontaneous_fission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spontaneous fission (page disna exeest)">SF</a>) </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><sup></sup>- </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>100</sup>Ru </th> <td style="text-align:right;">12.6% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">- </td> <td>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spontaneous_fission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spontaneous fission (page disna exeest)">SF</a>) </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><sup></sup>- </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>101</sup>Ru </th> <td style="text-align:right;">17.0% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">- </td> <td>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spontaneous_fission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spontaneous fission (page disna exeest)">SF</a>) </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><sup></sup>- </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>102</sup>Ru </th> <td style="text-align:right;">31.6% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">- </td> <td>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spontaneous_fission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spontaneous fission (page disna exeest)">SF</a>) </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><sup></sup>- </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>103</sup>Ru </th> <td rowspan="2" style="<strong class="><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synthetic_radioisotope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synthetic radioisotope (page disna exeest)">syn</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1_E6_s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1 E6 s (page disna exeest)">39.26 d</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beta_minus_decay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beta minus decay (page disna exeest)">β<sup>−</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium-103&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhodium-103 (page disna exeest)"><sup>103</sup>Rh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">γ</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><sup></sup>- </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>104</sup>Ru </th> <td style="text-align:right;">18.7% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">- </td> <td>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Double_beta_decay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Double beta decay (page disna exeest)">β<sup>−</sup>β<sup>−</sup></a>) </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palladium-104&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palladium-104 (page disna exeest)"><sup>104</sup>Pd</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><sup>106</sup>Ru </th> <td style="<strong class="><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synthetic_radioisotope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synthetic radioisotope (page disna exeest)">syn</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1_E7_s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1 E7 s (page disna exeest)">373.59 d</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beta_minus_decay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beta minus decay (page disna exeest)">β<sup>−</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium-106&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhodium-106 (page disna exeest)"><sup>106</sup>Rh</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Decay modes in parentheses is predict, but hisna yet been observed</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="noprint" style="text-align:center;background:#ffc0c0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r862114">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_ruthenium" title="Template:Infobox ruthenium"><span title="View this template">view</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_collogue:Infobox_ruthenium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template collogue:Infobox ruthenium (page disna exeest)"><span title="Discuss this template">talk</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_ruthenium&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template">edit</span></a></li></ul></div> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leet_o_data_references_for_chemical_elements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leet o data references for chemical elements (page disna exeest)">references</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ruthenium</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">chemical element</a> wi seembol <b>Ru</b> an <a href="/wiki/Atomic_nummer" title="Atomic nummer">atomic nummer</a> 44. It is a rare <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transeetion_metal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transeetion metal (page disna exeest)">transeetion metal</a> belangin the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Platinum_group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platinum group (page disna exeest)">platinum group</a> o the <a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodic table">periodic table</a>. Lik the ither metals o the platinum group, ruthenium is inert tae maist ither chemicals. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltic_govrenorates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baltic govrenorates (page disna exeest)">Baltic</a> German scientist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Ernst_Claus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Ernst Claus (page disna exeest)">Karl Ernst Claus</a> diskivered the element in 1844, an named it efter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruthenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruthenia (page disna exeest)">Ruthenia</a>, the Laitin wird for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etymology_o_Rus_an_derivatives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etymology o Rus an derivatives (page disna exeest)">Rus'</a>. Ruthenium uisually occurs as a minor component o <a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">platinum</a> ores; annual production is aboot 20 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tonne (page disna exeest)">tonne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JMM_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JMM-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maist ruthenium produced is uised for wear-resistant electrical contacts an the production o thick-film resistors. A minor application o ruthenium is its uise in some platinum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alloy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alloy (page disna exeest)">alloys</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruthenium&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Eedit section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>eedit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruthenium&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>eedit soorce</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CIAAW2013-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW2013_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMeijaCoplenBerglundBrand2016" class="citation journal cs1">Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fpac-2015-0305">"Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pure and Applied Chemistry (page disna exeest)">Pure and Applied Chemistry</a></i>. <b>88</b> (3): 265–91. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fpac-2015-0305">10.1515/pac-2015-0305</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Atomic+weights+of+the+elements+2013+%28IUPAC+Technical+Report%29&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=265-91&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2015-0305&rft.aulast=Meija&rft.aufirst=Juris&rft.au=Coplen%2C+Tyler+B.&rft.au=Berglund%2C+Michael&rft.au=Brand%2C+Willi+A.&rft.au=De+Bi%C3%A8vre%2C+Paul&rft.au=Gr%C3%B6ning%2C+Manfred&rft.au=Holden%2C+Norman+E.&rft.au=Irrgeher%2C+Johanna&rft.au=Loss%2C+Robert+D.&rft.au=Walczyk%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Prohaska%2C+Thomas&rft_id=%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1515%252Fpac-2015-0305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3ARuthenium" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r809032">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openmopac.net/data_normal/ruthenium(i)%20fluoride_jmol.html">"Ruthenium: ruthenium(I) fluoride compound data"</a>. OpenMOPAC.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ruthenium%3A+ruthenium%28I%29+fluoride+compound+data&rft.pub=OpenMOPAC.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopenmopac.net%2Fdata_normal%2Fruthenium%28i%29%2520fluoride_jmol.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3ARuthenium" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf">Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds</a>, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openmopac.net/data_normal/ruthenium(i)%20fluoride_jmol.html">"Ruthenium: ruthenium(I) fluoride compound data"</a>. OpenMOPAC.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ruthenium%3A+ruthenium%28I%29+fluoride+compound+data&rft.pub=OpenMOPAC.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopenmopac.net%2Fdata_normal%2Fruthenium%28i%29%2520fluoride_jmol.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3ARuthenium" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JMM-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-JMM_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.platinum.matthey.com/uploaded_files/Pt2009/09summary.pdf">Summary. Ruthenium</a>. platinum.matthey.com, p. 9 (2009)</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Taen frae "<a dir="ltr" href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruthenium&oldid=514548">https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruthenium&oldid=514548</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categeries</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chemical_elements" title="Category:Chemical elements">Chemical elements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Transeetion_metals" title="Category:Transeetion metals">Transeetion metals</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Precious_metals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Precious metals (page disna exeest)">Precious metals</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Ruthenium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Ruthenium (page disna exeest)">Ruthenium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Noble_metals" title="Category:Noble metals">Noble metals</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_uisin_infobox_element_wi_unkent_parameters" title="Category:Pages uisin infobox element wi unkent parameters">Pages uisin infobox element wi unkent parameters</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page wis last eeditit on 17 Februar 2016, at 18:49.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available unner the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms mey apply. See <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms o Uiss</a> fur details.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Preevacie policie</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Aboot">Aboot Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclamation">Disclamation</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Deveelopers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/sco.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//sco.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruthenium&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-6kzj2","wgBackendResponseTime":149,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.716","walltime":"0.960","ppvisitednodes":{"value":10140,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":239547,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":26093,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":11815,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 866.475 1 -total"," 96.36% 834.974 1 Template:Infobox_ruthenium"," 95.81% 830.138 1 Template:Elementbox"," 77.59% 672.334 1 Template:Infobox"," 20.17% 174.769 1 Template:Infobox_element/periodic_table"," 18.73% 162.297 1 Template:Periodic_table_(32_columns,_micro)"," 16.82% 145.768 118 Template:Periodic_table_(32_columns,_micro)/elementcell"," 16.48% 142.768 1 Template:Infobox_element/standard_atomic_weight"," 15.06% 130.516 1 Template:Lang"," 11.04% 95.660 1 Template:CIAAW2013"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.343","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18887960,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7d588db968-7clzw","timestamp":"20241105093944","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Ruthenium","url":"https:\/\/sco.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ruthenium","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1086","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1086","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2013-12-06T00:36:58Z","dateModified":"2016-02-17T18:49:16Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/19\/Ruthenium_crystals.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>