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hoofdpagina gaan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/24_november"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="de vrije encyclopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-nl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Zoeken" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Doorzoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Doorzoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciaal:Zoeken"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Zoeken</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="De lettergrootte, breedte en kleur van de pagina wijzigen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uiterlijk" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uiterlijk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl" class=""><span>Doneren</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Nubi%C3%AB" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Nubi%C3%AB" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Nubi%C3%AB" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Nubi%C3%AB" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Naamgeving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naamgeving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Naamgeving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naamgeving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Geschiedenis-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Koninkrijk_Kerma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koninkrijk_Kerma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Koninkrijk Kerma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koninkrijk_Kerma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Koninkrijk_Koesj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koninkrijk_Koesj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Koninkrijk Koesj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koninkrijk_Koesj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drie_koninkrijken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drie_koninkrijken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Drie koninkrijken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drie_koninkrijken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moderne_tijd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderne_tijd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Moderne tijd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moderne_tijd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Herontdekking_en_verplaatsing_van_tempels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Herontdekking_en_verplaatsing_van_tempels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Herontdekking en verplaatsing van tempels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Herontdekking_en_verplaatsing_van_tempels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nubië</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 78 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubi%C3%AB" title="Nubië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nubië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="النوبة – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="النوبة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%87" title="بلاد النوبه – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بلاد النوبه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nubia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubiya" title="Nubiya – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nubiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Нубія – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нубія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Нубія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нубія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нубия – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нубия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="নুবিয়া – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নুবিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nubia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubija" title="Nubija – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nubija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAbia" title="Núbia – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Núbia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAbie" title="Núbie – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Núbie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Нуби – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нуби" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubien" title="Nubien – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nubien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubien" title="Nubien – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nubien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Νουβία – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νουβία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nubia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubio" title="Nubio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nubio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nubia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuubia" title="Nuubia – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nuubia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nubia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%87_(%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87)" title="نوبه (منطقه) – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نوبه (منطقه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nubia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubie" title="Nubie – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nubie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuubien" title="Nuubien – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Nuubien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nubia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%94" title="נוביה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נוביה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="नुबिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नुबिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubija" title="Nubija – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nubija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAbia" title="Núbia – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Núbia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Նուբիա – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նուբիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nubia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAb%C3%ADa" title="Núbía – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Núbía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nubia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8C%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2" title="ヌビア – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヌビア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nubia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ნუბია – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნუბია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нубия – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нубия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%88%84%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84" title="누비아 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="누비아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нубия – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нубия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nubia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubija" title="Nubija – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nubija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C5%ABbija" title="Nūbija – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nūbija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobia" title="Nobia – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Nobia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Нубија – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нубија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nubia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nubia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nubia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nubia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nubia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAbia" title="Núbia – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Núbia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nubia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нубия – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нубия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubija" title="Nubija – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nubija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nubia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAbia" title="Núbia – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Núbia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubija" title="Nubija – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nubija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubhia" title="Nubhia – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Nubhia" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nubia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Нубија – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нубија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubien" title="Nubien – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nubien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nubia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="நூபியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நூபியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="นิวเบีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นิวเบีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nubia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BCbye" title="Nübye – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nübye" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нубия – Oedmoerts" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Нубия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Oedmoerts" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Нубія – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нубія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%81" title="نوبہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نوبہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubiya" title="Nubiya – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nubiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia – Venetiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Nubia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nubia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nubia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="努比亚 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="努比亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ნუბია – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნუბია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="努比亚 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="努比亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E" title="努比亞 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="努比亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q135028#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nubi%C3%AB" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Overleg:Nubi%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Overleg over deze pagina (de pagina bestaat niet) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalvariant wijzigen" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nederlands</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Nubi%C3%AB" title="Lijst met alle pagina's die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Nubi%C3%AB" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina's waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:SpecialePaginas" title="Lijst met alle speciale pagina's [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciale pagina's</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nubi%C3%AB&oldid=66521700" title="Permanente koppeling naar deze versie van deze pagina"><span>Permanente 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Nubi%C3%AB_tegenwoordig.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Nubi%C3%AB_tegenwoordig.png/300px-Nubi%C3%AB_tegenwoordig.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="623" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Nubi%C3%AB_tegenwoordig.png 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="831" /></a><figcaption>Nubië vandaag de dag. De oude Nubische koninkrijken bevonden zich langs de Nijl, ongeveer tussen de eerste en zesde <a href="/wiki/Cataract_(Nijl)" title="Cataract (Nijl)">cataract</a>. </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:2090109_voorwerpen_tentoonstelling_Nubi%C3%AB_Land_van_de_zwarte_faraos_Drents_Museum.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/2090109_voorwerpen_tentoonstelling_Nubi%C3%AB_Land_van_de_zwarte_faraos_Drents_Museum.jpeg/260px-2090109_voorwerpen_tentoonstelling_Nubi%C3%AB_Land_van_de_zwarte_faraos_Drents_Museum.jpeg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/2090109_voorwerpen_tentoonstelling_Nubi%C3%AB_Land_van_de_zwarte_faraos_Drents_Museum.jpeg/390px-2090109_voorwerpen_tentoonstelling_Nubi%C3%AB_Land_van_de_zwarte_faraos_Drents_Museum.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/2090109_voorwerpen_tentoonstelling_Nubi%C3%AB_Land_van_de_zwarte_faraos_Drents_Museum.jpeg/520px-2090109_voorwerpen_tentoonstelling_Nubi%C3%AB_Land_van_de_zwarte_faraos_Drents_Museum.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1619" data-file-height="1079" /></a><figcaption>Nubische kunstvoorwerpen (tentoonstelling Drents Museum 2019)</figcaption></figure> <p>Het moderne <b>Nubië</b> is een gebied in het zuiden van <a href="/wiki/Egypte_(land)" title="Egypte (land)">Egypte</a> en in het noorden van <a href="/wiki/Soedan" title="Soedan">Soedan</a>. In de oudheid waren er verschillende koninkrijken en ook een <a href="/wiki/Vazalstaat" title="Vazalstaat">vazalstaat</a> van <a href="/wiki/Oude_Egypte" title="Oude Egypte">Egypte</a>. Het gebied was etnisch divers met verscheidene talen waarvan sommige nog niet ontcijferd zijn. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naamgeving">Naamgeving</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nubi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Naamgeving" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nubi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Naamgeving"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Oude_Egypte" title="Oude Egypte">Oude Egyptenaren</a> noemden het land ten zuiden van de eerste <a href="/wiki/Cataract_(Nijl)" title="Cataract (Nijl)">cataract</a> <i>Ta-nehsoe</i> ("Land van de <i>Nehsoe</i>"). hierin werden verschillende landen en volkeren genoemd, zoals <i><a href="/wiki/Wawat" class="mw-redirect" title="Wawat">Wawat</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Neder-Nubi%C3%AB" title="Neder-Nubië">Neder-Nubië</a>, tussen de eerste en tweede cataract) <i>Irtjet</i>, <i>Setjoe</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Medja" title="Medja">Medja</a></i> en <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jam_(land)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jam (land) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Jam</a></i>. </p><p>De Romeinen noemden het gebied <a href="/wiki/Nobatia" title="Nobatia">Nobatia</a> naar de <a href="/wiki/Nobatae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobatae">Nobatae</a> of <i>Noba</i>, een volk uit de Egyptische woestijn dat door de Romeinse keizer <a href="/wiki/Diocletianus" title="Diocletianus">Diocletianus</a> in het gebied gebracht was. </p><p>De huidige <a href="/wiki/Noeba_(volk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Noeba (volk)">Noeba</a> in het zuiden van <a href="/wiki/Kordofan" title="Kordofan">Kordofan</a>, een gebied in Soedan, zijn een verzameling van verschillende volkeren die door de Arabieren naar de Nobatiërs vernoemd zijn, echter geen historische band met Nubië hebben. Volgens verhalen van de Nubiërs gaat het echter om Nubiërs die de Arabische slavernij ontvluchtten door naar de <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Kordofan" title="Zuid-Kordofan">Zuid-Kordofan</a> te vluchten om daar te verwilderen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nubi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nubi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het gebied heeft verschillende rijken gekend. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Koninkrijk_Kerma">Koninkrijk Kerma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nubi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Koninkrijk Kerma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nubi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Koninkrijk Kerma"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Kerma" title="Kerma">Kerma</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>Vanaf <a href="/wiki/25e_eeuw_v.Chr." title="25e eeuw v.Chr.">2500</a> tot de <a href="/wiki/15e_eeuw_v.Chr." title="15e eeuw v.Chr.">15e eeuw v.Chr.</a> bestond er het koninkrijk Kerma. Dit koninkrijk bestond uit de stad Kerma ten zuiden van de derde cataract, en een reeks van omringende dorpen. Het rijk gedijde op handel met de noorderburen (Oude Egypte) en de Afrikaanse handelsroutes, met name goud. </p><p>In de <a href="/wiki/Tweede_tussentijd" class="mw-redirect" title="Tweede tussentijd">tweede tussentijd</a> verwaterden de handelsbetrekkingen tussen Egypte en Kerma. Kerma werkte samen met de <a href="/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos">Hyksos</a>. Na de vereniging van Egypte door <a href="/wiki/Ahmose_I" title="Ahmose I">Ahmose I</a> werd Kerma verslagen en de Egyptische grenzen verlegd tot diep in Soedan bij <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aboe_Hamid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aboe Hamid (de pagina bestaat niet)">Aboe Hamid</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Koninkrijk_Koesj">Koninkrijk Koesj</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nubi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Koninkrijk Koesj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nubi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Koninkrijk Koesj"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Koesj_(oudheid)" title="Koesj (oudheid)">Koesj (oudheid)</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Thoetmosis_I" title="Thoetmosis I">Thoetmosis I</a> trok ten strijde om Kerma ten val te brengen. Hij trok door tot aan de 4e en 5e cataract waar hij een grensstele neerzette. Hiermee stonden ook de Afrikaanse handelsroutes ter controle. De vorsten van Kerma bleven aan als handelspartners en leveraars van arbeidskrachten. Het gebied werd ter controle gesteld van wat de Egyptenaren de <i><a href="/wiki/Vicekoning_van_Koesj" title="Vicekoning van Koesj">Koningszoon van Koesj</a></i> noemden. De zonen van de <i>koningszonen van Koesj</i> werden net zoals de Aziatische vorsten aan het hof in Thebe opgevoed.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ook <a href="/wiki/Thoetmosis_III" title="Thoetmosis III">Thoetmosis III</a> leidde veldtochten naar Koesj waarna hij de stad <a href="/wiki/Napata" title="Napata">Napata</a> de provinciehoofdstad maakte.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De handel in goud werd in forten bij <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Allaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Wadi Allaki">Wadi Allaki</a> opgeborgen. Dit goud zou een grote rol spelen in de economie van Egypte. </p><p>Na de val van de Ramsessiden aan het einde van de <a href="/wiki/20e_dynastie_van_Egypte" title="20e dynastie van Egypte">20e dynastie van Egypte</a> en het begin van de 21e Dynastie rond 1070 voor Christus verminderde de greep. Het sindsdien onafhankelijke koninkrijk verlegde de hoofdstad naar <a href="/wiki/Mero%C3%AB" title="Meroë">Meroë</a> en later naar <a href="/wiki/Napata" title="Napata">Napata</a>. Het rijk bleef voortbestaan tot aan 350 na Christus. </p><p>Dit rijk produceerde zelfs enkele farao's die in Egypte werden ingedeeld in de <a href="/wiki/25e_dynastie_van_Egypte" title="25e dynastie van Egypte">25e dynastie van Egypte</a>. Door oorlog met <a href="/wiki/Assyri%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrië">Assyrië</a> en verschillende vorsten van de Nijldelta, waaronder de <a href="/wiki/26e_dynastie_van_Egypte" title="26e dynastie van Egypte">26e dynastie van Egypte</a> werden ze verdreven uit Egypte, maar hun heerschappij in Nubië ging door. Handel werd gedreven met Afrika en Azië. Het land werd nooit overwonnen door het <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Rijk" title="Romeinse Rijk">Romeinse Rijk</a>. </p><p>Het nam vele gebruiken van het Oude Egypte over zoals het geloof, schrift en de <a href="/wiki/Egyptische_piramiden" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptische piramiden">piramides</a>. Osiris en Isis speelden een grote rol in de dodencultus. Na de 3e eeuw voor Christus werden inheemse goden belangrijk met typische Afrikaanse elementen zoals een olifantengod.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Het schrift was oorspronkelijk gebaseerd op de <a href="/wiki/Egyptische_hi%C3%ABrogliefen" title="Egyptische hiërogliefen">Egyptische hiërogliefen</a>-schrift maar rond 260 v. Chr. werd er een cursief <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mero%C3%AFtisch_schrift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meroïtisch schrift (de pagina bestaat niet)">Meroïtisch schrift</a> ontwikkeld. </p><p>Tijdens deze Romeinse periode werden de verschillende delen van het rijk verdeeld in kleinere gebieden met aparte leiders of generaals, die elk kleine legers onder zich hadden. Ze vochten allemaal tegen elkaar, waardoor het hele gebied erg kwetsbaar werd voor aanvallen van buitenaf. </p><p>Aan het begin van de vierde eeuw werd Koesj overwonnen door de <a href="/wiki/Nobatae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobatae">Nobatae</a>. De Romeinen noemden vanaf dan het gebied <a href="/wiki/Nobatia" title="Nobatia">Nobatia</a>. </p><p>De geschiedenis van Koesj wordt nog vaak in verhalen verwerkt. Men denke aan de <a href="/wiki/Opera_(muziek)" title="Opera (muziek)">opera</a> <a href="/wiki/Aida_(Verdi)" title="Aida (Verdi)">Aida</a>, waar de kroonprinses van "Nubië" (dwz. Koesj) verliefd wordt op de Egyptische legeraanvoerder; <i>een verboden liefde.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drie_koninkrijken">Drie koninkrijken</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nubi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Drie koninkrijken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nubi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Drie koninkrijken"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rond 350 werd het gebied veroverd door de <a href="/wiki/Nobatae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobatae">Nobatae</a>, een <a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharaanse_talen" title="Nilo-Saharaanse talen">Nilo-Saharaans volk</a> uit de <a href="/wiki/Westelijke_Woestijn" title="Westelijke Woestijn">Westelijke Woestijn</a> die hun rivalen de <a href="/wiki/Blemmyes" title="Blemmyes">Blemmyes</a> naar de <a href="/wiki/Oostelijke_Woestijn" title="Oostelijke Woestijn">Oostelijke Woestijn</a> verjaagden. De Nobatae kwamen zelfs in conflict met het <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Aksum" title="Koninkrijk Aksum">Koninkrijk Aksum</a> in het huidige Ethiopië, maar werden door koning <a href="/wiki/Ezana" title="Ezana">Ezana</a> teruggeslagen. Uiteindelijk vormden zich drie koninkrijken: <a href="/wiki/Nobati%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobatië">Nobatië</a> (met de stad <a href="/wiki/Faras" title="Faras">Faras</a>) in het noorden, <a href="/wiki/Makuri%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Makurië">Makurië</a> (hoofdstad <a href="/wiki/Oud-Dongola" title="Oud-Dongola">Dongola</a>) in het midden, en <a href="/wiki/Alodia" title="Alodia">Alodia</a> (hoofdstad <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soba_(Alodia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soba (Alodia) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Soba</a>) in het zuiden. </p><p>Het gebied werd bekeerd tot het <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">christendom</a>, maar begon zich vanaf 719 van de <a href="/wiki/Grieks-orthodoxe_Kerk" class="mw-redirect" title="Grieks-orthodoxe Kerk">Grieks-orthodoxe Kerk</a> af te keren, en nam het <a href="/wiki/Koptisch-orthodoxe_Kerk" class="mw-redirect" title="Koptisch-orthodoxe Kerk">Koptisch christendom</a> aan als staatsgodsdienst. </p><p>Van de <i>Nobatae</i>, via het <a href="/wiki/Arabisch" title="Arabisch">Arabisch</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Noeba_(volk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Noeba (volk)">Noeba</a></i>, is ook de naam <i>Nubië</i> afgeleid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nubi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Islam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nubi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Islam"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tegen de <a href="/wiki/7e_eeuw" title="7e eeuw">7e eeuw</a> was Makurië de dominante macht in het gebied geworden. Het was dan ook sterk genoeg om de zuidelijke uitbreiding van de <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a> tegen te houden nadat de <a href="/wiki/Arabi%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabië">Arabieren</a> Egypte hadden overgenomen. Na enkele mislukte invasies van Egypte sloegen de nieuwe leiders een verdrag met <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dogomba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dogomba (de pagina bestaat niet)">Dogomba</a> zodat handel mogelijk werd. Het verdrag hield voor 600 jaar stand. De instroom van Arabische handelaars zorgde er echter voor dat de regio traag maar zeker zich bekeerde tot de <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a>. Rond <a href="/wiki/1350" title="1350">1350</a> werd de centrale kerk van Dongola omgebouwd tot <a href="/wiki/Moskee" title="Moskee">moskee</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moderne_tijd">Moderne tijd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nubi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Moderne tijd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nubi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Moderne tijd"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de <a href="/wiki/14e_eeuw" title="14e eeuw">14e eeuw</a> viel de Dongolaanse regering in elkaar, en het gebied werd opnieuw gedomineerd door Egypte. Gedurende de volgende eeuwen werd het gebied gedeeltelijk overgenomen door andere landen, en andere gebieden werden kleine koninkrijkjes. Noord-Nubië kwam onder de controle van Egypte, en de rest van het gebied werd geannexeerd door <a href="/wiki/Mehemet_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehemet Ali">Mehemet Ali</a> in het begin van de <a href="/wiki/19e_eeuw" title="19e eeuw">19e eeuw</a>. Het gebied werd later een Engels-Egyptisch <a href="/wiki/Condominium_(staatsvorm)" title="Condominium (staatsvorm)">condominium</a>. </p><p>Aan het einde van het kolonialisme in het gebied werd Nubië verdeeld tussen Egypte en <a href="/wiki/Soedan" title="Soedan">Soedan</a>. </p><p>Veel Egyptische Nubiërs moesten verhuizen na de aanleg van het <a href="/wiki/Nassermeer" title="Nassermeer">Nassermeer</a>, waarbij de <a href="/wiki/Nijl" title="Nijl">Nijl</a> <a href="/wiki/Aswandam" title="Aswandam">werd afgedamd</a> bij <a href="/wiki/Aswan" title="Aswan">Aswan</a>. Nubische dorpjes kunnen sindsdien gevonden worden ten noorden van Aswan en op de westoever van de Nijl. Ook in grote steden leven vele Nubiërs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Herontdekking_en_verplaatsing_van_tempels">Herontdekking en verplaatsing van tempels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nubi%C3%AB&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Herontdekking en verplaatsing van tempels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nubi%C3%AB&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Herontdekking en verplaatsing van tempels"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De Italiaan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Girolamo_Segato&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Girolamo Segato (de pagina bestaat niet)">Girolamo Segato</a> bracht grote delen van Nubië in kaart. De Pruis <a href="/wiki/Karl_Richard_Lepsius" title="Karl Richard Lepsius">Karl Richard Lepsius</a> organiseerde in 1924 een wetenschappelijke expeditie richting Meroë. Hij publiceerde zijn werk <i>Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Aethiopien</i>. </p><p>Ten tijde van de bouw van de <a href="/wiki/Aswandam" title="Aswandam">Aswandam</a> werden er Oud-Egyptische en Nubische tempels verplaatst: </p> <ul><li>De tempels van <a href="/wiki/Aboe_Simbel" title="Aboe Simbel">Aboe Simbel</a></li> <li>De tempels van <a href="/wiki/Kalabsha" title="Kalabsha">Kalabsha</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beit_el-Wali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beit el-Wali (de pagina bestaat niet)">Beit el-Wali</a> werden verplaatst naar Nieuw-Kalabsja, 40 kilometer zuidelijk dan de oorspronkelijk plaats</li></ul> <p>Een aantal landen kregen tempels van Egypte geschonken vanwege hun bijdrage aan de reddingsoperatie: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tempel_van_Ellesiya" title="Tempel van Ellesiya">Tempel van Ellesiya</a> aan Turijn, Italië</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempel_van_Debod" title="Tempel van Debod">Tempel van Debod</a> aan Madrid, Spanje</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taffeh-tempel" title="Taffeh-tempel">Taffeh-tempel</a> aan Leiden, Nederland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempel_van_Dendur" title="Tempel van Dendur">Tempel van Dendur</a> aan New York, Verenigde Staten</li> <li>De <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalabsja-zuilengang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalabsja-zuilengang (de pagina bestaat niet)">Kalabsja-zuilengang</a> aan Berlijn, Duitsland</li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Egypte, het land van de farao's, Regine Schulz en Matthias Seidel, pagina 145</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Egypte, tempels, mensen, goden, Alberto Siliotti, pagina 54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Egypte, het land van de farao's, Regine Schulz en Matthias Seidel, Pagina 293</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nubië&oldid=66521700">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nubië&oldid=66521700</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Nubi%C3%AB" title="Categorie:Nubië">Nubië</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 14 dec 2023 om 17:38.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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