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class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Social Security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unified_Pension_System_for_Civil_Servants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unified_Pension_System_for_Civil_Servants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Unified Pension System for Civil Servants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unified_Pension_System_for_Civil_Servants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Pension_System" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Pension_System"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>National Pension System</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Pension_System-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Employees'_Provident_Fund_Organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employees'_Provident_Fund_Organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Employees' Provident Fund Organisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Employees'_Provident_Fund_Organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Employees'_State_Insurance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employees'_State_Insurance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Employees' State Insurance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Employees'_State_Insurance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Health_Protection_Scheme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Health_Protection_Scheme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.5</span> <span>National Health Protection Scheme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Health_Protection_Scheme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atal_Pension_Yojna_(APY)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atal_Pension_Yojna_(APY)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.6</span> <span>Atal Pension Yojna (APY)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atal_Pension_Yojna_(APY)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maternity_Benefits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maternity_Benefits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.7</span> <span>Maternity Benefits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maternity_Benefits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accident_Assurance_Scheme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accident_Assurance_Scheme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.8</span> <span>Accident Assurance Scheme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accident_Assurance_Scheme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Pension_System_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Pension_System_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.9</span> <span>National Pension System</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Pension_System_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Employees'_Provident_Fund_Organisation_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employees'_Provident_Fund_Organisation_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.10</span> <span>Employees' Provident Fund Organisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Employees'_Provident_Fund_Organisation_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Employees'_State_Insurance_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Employees'_State_Insurance_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.11</span> <span>Employees' State Insurance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Employees'_State_Insurance_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Health_Protection_Scheme_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Health_Protection_Scheme_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.12</span> <span>National Health Protection Scheme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Health_Protection_Scheme_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atal_Pension_Yojna_(APY)_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atal_Pension_Yojna_(APY)_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.13</span> <span>Atal Pension Yojna (APY)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atal_Pension_Yojna_(APY)_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maternity_Benefits_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maternity_Benefits_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.14</span> <span>Maternity Benefits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maternity_Benefits_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accident_Assurance_Scheme_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accident_Assurance_Scheme_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.15</span> <span>Accident Assurance Scheme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accident_Assurance_Scheme_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_Assistance_and_Grants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_Assistance_and_Grants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Social Assistance and Grants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_Assistance_and_Grants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_Food_Security_Safety_Net" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Food_Security_Safety_Net"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>National Food Security Safety Net</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Food_Security_Safety_Net-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Free_School_Meals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Free_School_Meals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Free School Meals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Free_School_Meals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pradhan_Mantri_Awas_Yojana_(Gramin_and_Urban)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pradhan_Mantri_Awas_Yojana_(Gramin_and_Urban)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Gramin and Urban)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pradhan_Mantri_Awas_Yojana_(Gramin_and_Urban)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maternity_Benefit_for_Self-employed_or_Unemployed_Women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maternity_Benefit_for_Self-employed_or_Unemployed_Women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>Maternity Benefit for Self-employed or Unemployed Women</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maternity_Benefit_for_Self-employed_or_Unemployed_Women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Integrated_Child_Development_Services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Integrated_Child_Development_Services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.5</span> <span>Integrated Child Development Services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Integrated_Child_Development_Services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Rural_Employment_Guarantee_Scheme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Rural_Employment_Guarantee_Scheme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.6</span> <span>National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Rural_Employment_Guarantee_Scheme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Social_Assistance_Scheme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Social_Assistance_Scheme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.7</span> <span>National Social Assistance Scheme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Social_Assistance_Scheme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Welfare_measures_in_various_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Welfare_measures_in_various_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Welfare measures in various states</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Welfare_measures_in_various_states-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Welfare measures in various states subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Welfare_measures_in_various_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-West_Bengal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_Bengal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>West Bengal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_Bengal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tamil_Nadu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tamil_Nadu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Tamil Nadu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tamil_Nadu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Comparisons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparisons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Overview of social security in India</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:20em; border: 4px double #D4AF37;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">This article is part of a series on the</span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #FF671F; border: 1px double #8C959A;"><small><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Politics of India</span></a></small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/80px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/120px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 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href="/wiki/Fundamental_Rights,_Directive_Principles_and_Fundamental_Duties_of_India" title="Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India">Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and<br /> Fundamental Duties of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_India" title="Human rights in India">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_review_in_India" title="Judicial review in India">Judicial review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_India" title="Taxation in India">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Civil_Code" title="Uniform Civil Code">Uniform Civil Code</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Government</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of India">15th</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President of India</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagdeep_Dhankhar" title="Jagdeep Dhankhar">Jagdeep Dhankhar</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Vice_Presidents_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Vice Presidents of India">14th</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of India">14th</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Secretary of India">Cabinet secretary</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gauba" title="Rajiv Gauba">Rajiv Gauba</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_government_ministries_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Union government ministries of India">Ministries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agencies_of_the_government_of_India" title="List of agencies of the government of India">Departments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_to_the_Government_of_India" title="Secretary to the Government of India">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Parliament</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha">18th</a>)</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Speaker</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Om_Birla" title="Om Birla">Om Birla</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Deputy Speaker</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Vacant</i></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_(Lok_Sabha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the House (Lok Sabha)">Leader of the House</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_Lok_Sabha" title="Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha">Leader of the Opposition</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Gandhi" title="Rahul Gandhi">Rahul Gandhi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Secretary General of the Lok Sabha">Secretary General</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li>Utpal Kumar Singh</li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" title="List of current members of the Rajya Sabha">Members</a>)</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Chairman</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagdeep_Dhankhar" title="Jagdeep Dhankhar">Jagdeep Dhankhar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chairperson_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha">Deputy Speaker</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harivansh_Narayan_Singh" title="Harivansh Narayan Singh">Harivansh Narayan Singh</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_(Rajya_Sabha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the House (Rajya Sabha)">Leader of the House</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagat_Prakash_Nadda" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagat Prakash Nadda">Jagat Prakash Nadda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_Rajya_Sabha" title="Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha">Leader of the Opposition</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mallikarjun_Kharge" title="Mallikarjun Kharge">Mallikarjun Kharge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" title="Secretary General of the Rajya Sabha">Secretary General</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Chandra_Mody" title="Pramod Chandra Mody">Pramod Chandra Mody</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Parliamentary_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)">Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Parliamentary_Affairs_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Parliamentary Affairs (India)">Cabinet Minister</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiren_Rijiju" title="Kiren Rijiju">Kiren Rijiju</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of State (India)">Minister of State</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Ram_Meghwal" title="Arjun Ram Meghwal">Arjun Ram Meghwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Murugan" title="L. Murugan">L. Murugan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_India" title="Judiciary of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Law and Judiciary</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_India" title="Law of India">Law of India</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Indian_criminal_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian criminal law">Indian criminal law</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Nyaya_Sanhita" title="Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita">Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Nagarik_Suraksha_Sanhita" title="Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita">Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Sakshya_Act,_2023" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharatiya Sakshya Act, 2023">Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Civil_Procedure_(India)" title="Code of Civil Procedure (India)">Code of Civil Procedure</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chief_Justices_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Justices of India">50th</a>)</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhananjaya_Y._Chandrachud" title="Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud">Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sitting_judges_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_India" title="List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India">Judges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_Bar_Association_(India)" title="Supreme Court Bar Association (India)">Bar Association</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Council_of_India" title="Bar Council of India">Bar Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Courts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="District Courts of India">District Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district_courts_in_India" title="List of district courts in India">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gram_Nyayalayas_Act,_2008" title="Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008">Gram Nyayalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of India">High Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_chief_justices" title="List of current Indian chief justices">Chief Justices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sitting_judges_of_the_high_courts_of_India" title="List of sitting judges of the high courts of India">Judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Adalat" title="Lok Adalat">Lok Adalat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya_Panchayat" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyaya Panchayat">Nyaya Panchayat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendency_of_court_cases_in_India" title="Pendency of court cases in India">Pendency of court cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribunals_in_India" title="Tribunals in India">Other tribunals</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)" title="Ministry of Law and Justice (India)">Ministry of Law and Justice</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Law_and_Justice" title="Minister of Law and Justice">Minister</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Ram_Meghwal" title="Arjun Ram Meghwal">Arjun Ram Meghwal</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_for_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney-General for India">Attorney-General</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R._Venkataramani" title="R. Venkataramani">R. Venkataramani</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_India" title="Solicitor General of India">Solicitor General</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tushar_Mehta" title="Tushar Mehta">Tushar Mehta</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Additional_Solicitor_General_of_India" title="Additional Solicitor General of India">Additional Solicitor General</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_Commission_of_India" title="Law Commission of India">Law Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Judicial_Appointments_Commission" title="National Judicial Appointments Commission">National Judicial Appointments Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Legal_Services_Authority" title="National Legal Services Authority">National Legal Services Authority</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Politics_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics in India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Elections and Politics</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">Election Commission</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Chief_Election_Commissioner_of_India" title="Chief Election Commissioner of India">Chief Election Commissioner</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Kumar_(civil_servant)" title="Rajiv Kumar (civil servant)">Rajiv Kumar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Election_Commissioner_of_India" title="Election Commissioner of India">Election Commissioner</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gyanesh_Kumar" title="Gyanesh Kumar">Gyanesh Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhbir_Singh_Sandhu" title="Sukhbir Singh Sandhu">Sukhbir Singh Sandhu</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_election_commission_(India)" title="State election commission (India)">State Election Commission</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_India" title="Elections in India">Elections</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(India)" title="Electoral College (India)">Electoral College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_voting_in_India" title="Electronic voting in India">Electronic voting</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_presidential_elections" title="List of Indian presidential elections">Presidential elections</a> </b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Indian_presidential_election" title="2022 Indian presidential election">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Indian_presidential_election" title="2017 Indian presidential election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Indian_presidential_election" title="2012 Indian presidential election">2012</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_vice_presidential_elections" title="List of Indian vice presidential elections">Vice Presidential elections</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Indian_vice_presidential_election" title="2022 Indian vice presidential election">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Indian_vice_presidential_election" title="2017 Indian vice presidential election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Indian_vice_presidential_election" title="2012 Indian vice presidential election">2012</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_general_elections" title="List of Indian general elections">Lok Sabha elections</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha">Constituencies</a>)</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election" title="2019 Indian general election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election" title="2024 Indian general election">2024</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rajya_Sabha_elections" title="List of Rajya Sabha elections">Rajya Sabha elections</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Rajya_Sabha_elections" title="2024 Rajya Sabha elections">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Rajya_Sabha_elections" title="2023 Rajya Sabha elections">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Rajya_Sabha_elections" title="2022 Rajya Sabha elections">2022</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/State_Assembly_elections_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="State Assembly elections in India">State Assembly elections</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_elections_in_India" title="2019 elections in India">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_elections_in_India" title="2020 elections in India">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_elections_in_India" title="2021 elections in India">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_elections_in_India" title="2022 elections in India">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_elections_in_India" title="2023 elections in India">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_elections_in_India" title="2024 elections in India"><i>2024</i></a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>National coalitions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">NDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Developmental_Inclusive_Alliance" title="Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance">INDIA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India#National_parties" title="List of political parties in India">National parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India#State_parties" title="List of political parties in India">State parties</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Administrative divisions</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">States and union territories</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capitals</a>)</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/State_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="State (India)">States</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Union_territory_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Union territory (India)">Union territories</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Puducherry</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_states_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Proposed states and union territories of India">Proposed states and union territories</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Autonomous administrative divisions of India">Autonomous Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_divisions_in_India" title="List of divisions in India">Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_subdistricts_in_India" title="List of subdistricts in India">Sub-districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Development_Block" class="mw-redirect" title="Community Development Block">Community Development Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_India" title="List of metropolitan areas in India">Metropolitan Areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India" title="List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India">Urban Agglomerations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_India" title="Federalism in India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Federalism</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_India" title="State governments of India">Executive</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_(India)" title="Governor (India)">Governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_governors" title="List of current Indian governors">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Governor (India)">Lieutenant Governor/Administrator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_lieutenant_governors_and_administrators" title="List of current Indian lieutenant governors and administrators">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_(India)" title="Chief minister (India)">Chief Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_chief_ministers" title="List of current Indian chief ministers">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_deputy_chief_ministers" title="List of current Indian deputy chief ministers">Deputy Chief Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_deputy_chief_ministers" title="List of current Indian deputy chief ministers">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_Indian_ministries" title="Template:Current Indian ministries">Ministries</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(India)" title="State legislature (India)">Legislative</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_councils_of_India" title="State legislative councils of India">Legislative Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_India" title="State legislative assemblies of India">Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_legislative_speakers_and_chairpersons" title="List of current Indian legislative speakers and chairpersons">Speaker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_legislative_speakers_and_chairpersons" title="List of current Indian legislative speakers and chairpersons">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(India)" title="Official Opposition (India)">Official Opposition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_opposition_leaders" title="List of current Indian opposition leaders">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_India" title="Local government in India">Local Government</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Municipal_governance_in_India" title="Municipal governance in India">Municipal Governance</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporation_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Corporation of India">Municipal Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagar_Palika_(Municipality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagar Palika (Municipality)">Municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Panchayat" class="mw-redirect" title="Town Panchayat">Town Panchayat</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Panchayati_Raj" class="mw-redirect" title="Panchayati Raj">Panchayati Raj</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_Panchayat" class="mw-redirect" title="District Panchayat">District Panchayat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchayat_Samiti_(Block)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panchayat Samiti (Block)">Block Panchayat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gram_Panchayat" class="mw-redirect" title="Gram Panchayat">Gram Panchayat</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_India" title="Foreign relations of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Foreign Relations</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">Ministry of External Affairs</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">Cabinet Minister</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S._Jaishankar" title="S. Jaishankar">S. Jaishankar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of State (India)">Minister of State</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirti_Vardhan_Singh" title="Kirti Vardhan Singh">Kirti Vardhan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pabitra_Margherita" title="Pabitra Margherita">Pabitra Margherita</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary_(India)" title="Foreign Secretary (India)">Foreign Secretary</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vinay_Mohan_Kwatra" title="Vinay Mohan Kwatra">Vinay Mohan Kwatra</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_India" title="List of diplomatic missions of India">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_India" title="List of diplomatic missions in India">in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_and_high_commissioners_of_India" title="List of ambassadors and high commissioners of India">Ambassadors and High Commissioners of India</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_and_high_commissioners_to_India" title="List of ambassadors and high commissioners to India">to India</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Citizenship_of_India" title="Overseas Citizenship of India">Overseas Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_passport" title="Indian passport">Passports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_India" title="Visa policy of India">Visa policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Indian_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Indian citizens">Visa requirements</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_India" title="Template:Foreign relations of India">Foreign Relations</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2%2B2_Ministerial_Dialogue" title="2+2 Ministerial Dialogue">2+2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">BIMSTEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBIN" title="BBIN">BBIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G4_nations" title="G4 nations">G4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBSA_Dialogue_Forum" title="IBSA Dialogue Forum">IBSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Naval_Symposium" title="Indian Ocean Naval Symposium">IONS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Rim_Association" title="Indian Ocean Rim Association">IORA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekong%E2%80%93Ganga_Cooperation" title="Mekong–Ganga Cooperation">MGC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="India and the Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">SAARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">SCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_the_United_Nations" title="India and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrilateral_Security_Dialogue" title="Quadrilateral Security Dialogue">QUAD</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Africa–India relations">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="India–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India-Latin_America_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="India-Latin America relations">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_India%E2%80%93Pacific_Islands_Cooperation" title="Forum for India–Pacific Islands Cooperation">Pacific Islands</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora" title="Indian diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_foreign_relations" title="History of Indian foreign relations">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_extradition_treaties" title="List of Indian extradition treaties">Extradition Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_foreign_aid" title="Indian foreign aid">Foreign aid by India</a> / <a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_India" title="Foreign aid to India">to India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_sanctions" title="India sanctions">Sanctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_prime_ministers_of_India" title="List of international trips made by prime ministers of India">State Visits by Indian Prime Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_visits_to_India" title="List of diplomatic visits to India">State Visits to India</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmir Conflict">Kashmir Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">Indo-Pakistani Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_border_dispute" title="Sino-Indian border dispute">Sino-Indian Disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_disputes_of_India_and_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial disputes of India and Nepal">Disputes with Nepal</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; 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border-spacing:0.2em 0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism" title="Category:Socialism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" title="Red flag (politics)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/75px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/113px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/150px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="padding-bottom:0.35em; border-top:1px solid #d33; border-bottom:0px solid;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_socialism" title="History of socialism">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_socialism" title="Outline of socialism">Outline</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Development</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_calculation_debate" title="Socialist calculation debate">Socialist calculation debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_economics" title="Socialist economics">Socialist economics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calculation_in_kind" title="Calculation in kind">Calculation in kind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_ownership" title="Collective ownership">Collective ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">Common ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_planning" title="Economic planning">Economic planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_equal_liberty#Equal_liberty" title="Law of equal liberty">Equal liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Equal opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Freed market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">Industrial democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Input%E2%80%93output_model" title="Input–output model">Input–output model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor-time_calculation" title="Labor-time calculation">Labour-time calculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material_balance_planning" title="Material balance planning">Material balance planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_peer-to-peer_processes#P2P_economic_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Social peer-to-peer processes">Peer‑to‑peer economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_for_use" title="Production for use">Production for use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharing_economy" title="Sharing economy">Sharing economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_spontaneity" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary spontaneity">Spontaneism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_dividend" title="Social dividend">Social dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_one_country" title="Socialism in one country">Socialism in one country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_mode_of_production" title="Socialist mode of production">Socialist mode of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_democracy" title="Soviet democracy">Soviet democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">Strike action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_each_according_to_his_contribution" title="To each according to his contribution">To each according to his contribution</a>/<a href="/wiki/From_each_according_to_his_ability,_to_each_according_to_his_needs" title="From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs">needs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguardism" title="Vanguardism">Vanguardism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">Workplace democracy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Models</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Relationship_with_socialism" title="Planned economy">Socialist planned economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclusive Democracy">Inclusive Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OGAS" title="OGAS">OGAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Cybersyn" title="Project Cybersyn">Project Cybersyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet-type_economic_planning" title="Soviet-type economic planning">Soviet-type</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lange_model" title="Lange model">Lange model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_market_economy" title="Socialist market economy">Socialist market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist-oriented_market_economy" title="Socialist-oriented market economy">Socialist-oriented market</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">Participatory economics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_socialism" title="Types of socialism">Variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_of_the_21st_century" title="Socialism of the 21st century">21st-century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_socialism" title="African socialism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_socialism" title="Arab socialism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_socialism" title="Agrarian socialism">Agrarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_socialism" title="Authoritarian socialism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanquism" title="Blanquism">Blanquism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_socialism" title="Buddhist socialism">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_road_to_socialism" title="Democratic road to socialism">Democratic road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber-utopianism" title="Cyber-utopianism">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_socialism" title="Ethical socialism">Ethical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary socialism">Evolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_feminism" title="Socialist feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourierism" title="Fourierism">Fourierism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhian_socialism" title="Gandhian socialism">Gandhian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire#Socialism" title="Laissez-faire">Laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marhaenism" title="Marhaenism">Marhaenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_socialism" title="Municipal socialism">Municipal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Nationalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkrumaism" title="Nkrumaism">Nkrumaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owenism" title="Owenism">Owenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular socialism">Popular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">Reformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_socialism" title="Religious socialism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">Revolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardian_socialism" title="Ricardian socialism">Ricardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon#Ideas" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simonianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_socialism" title="Scientific socialism">Scientific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewer_socialism" title="Sewer socialism">Sewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_World_socialism" title="Third World socialism">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_socialism" title="Yellow socialism">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" title="Labor Zionism">Zionist</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Campanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Buonarroti" title="Philippe Buonarroti">Buonarroti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine_de_Saint-Just" title="Louis Antoine de Saint-Just">Saint-Just</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Cabet" title="Étienne Cabet">Cabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Leroux" title="Pierre Leroux">Leroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Sue" title="Eugène Sue">Sue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste_Blanqui" title="Louis Auguste Blanqui">Blanqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Greeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Herzen" title="Alexander Herzen">Herzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kingsley" title="Charles Kingsley">Kingsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Lavrov" title="Pyotr Lavrov">Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Lassalle" title="Ferdinand Lassalle">Lassalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Saltykov-Shchedrin" title="Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin">Saltykov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Chernyshevsky" title="Nikolay Chernyshevsky">Chernyshevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Sorel" title="Georges Sorel">Sorel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bellamy" title="Edward Bellamy">Bellamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Kautsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Wilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgi_Plekhanov" title="Georgi Plekhanov">Plekhanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ferrer" title="Francisco Ferrer">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky">Gorky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Landauer" title="Gustav Landauer">Landauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_Pannekoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonie Pannekoek">Pannekoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Pankhurst" title="Sylvia Pankhurst">Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volin" title="Volin">Volin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs" title="György Lukács">Lukács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Korsch" title="Karl Korsch">Korsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Polanyi" title="Karl Polanyi">Polanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti" title="Sacco and Vanzetti">Vanzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeo_Bordiga" title="Amadeo Bordiga">Bordiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Serge" title="Victor Serge">Serge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti" title="Sacco and Vanzetti">Sacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._L._R._James" title="C. L. R. James">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">Orwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federica_Montseny" title="Federica Montseny">Montseny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Zinn" title="Howard Zinn">Zinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Castoriadis" title="Cornelius Castoriadis">Castoriadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._P._Thompson" title="E. P. Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takis_Fotopoulos" title="Takis Fotopoulos">Fotopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Newton" title="Huey P. Newton">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_D._Wolff" title="Richard D. Wolff">Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ali" title="Tariq Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_%C3%96calan" title="Abdullah Öcalan">Öcalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hampton" title="Fred Hampton">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Žižek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hedges" title="Chris Hedges">Hedges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanis_Varoufakis" title="Yanis Varoufakis">Varoufakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohei_Saito" title="Kohei Saito">Saito</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gracchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gracchi">Gracchi Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdak" title="Mazdak">Mazdak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Roux" title="Jacques Roux">Roux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-No%C3%ABl_Babeuf" title="François-Noël Babeuf">Babeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Blanc" title="Louis Blanc">Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Xiuquan" title="Hong Xiuquan">Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Bebel" title="August Bebel">Bebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Debs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Markievicz" title="Constance Markievicz">Markievicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Connolly" title="James Connolly">Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Liebknecht" title="Karl Liebknecht">Liebknecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Martov" title="Julius Martov">Martov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Trotsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kerensky" title="Alexander Kerensky">Kerensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Spiridonova" title="Maria Spiridonova">Spiridonova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Tito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imre_Nagy" title="Imre Nagy">Nagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti" title="Buenaventura Durruti">Durruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einar_Gerhardsen" title="Einar Gerhardsen">Gerhardsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tage_Erlander" title="Tage Erlander">Erlander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_S%C3%A9dar_Senghor" title="Léopold Sédar Senghor">Senghor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinus_van_der_Lubbe" title="Marinus van der Lubbe">van der Lubbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Kreisky" title="Bruno Kreisky">Kreisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">Mitterrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek" title="Alexander Dubček">Dubček</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Manley" title="Michael Manley">Manley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olof_Palme" title="Olof Palme">Palme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che_Guevara" title="Che Guevara">Che</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Gorbachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sankara" title="Thomas Sankara">Sankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Galloway" title="George Galloway">Galloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcomandante_Marcos" title="Subcomandante Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Ocasio-Cortez</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialist_organizations" title="Category:Socialist organizations">Organizations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:International_socialist_organizations" title="Category:International socialist organizations">International socialist organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialist_parties" title="Category:Socialist parties">Socialist parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_society" title="Communist society">Communist society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">Criticism of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_socialism" title="Criticism of socialism">Criticism of socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_calculation_problem" title="Economic calculation problem">Economic calculation problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_system" title="Economic system">Economic system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Left" title="French Left">French Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_socialist_economists" title="List of socialist economists">List of socialist economists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_abolitionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Market abolitionism">Market abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_philosophy" title="Marxist philosophy">Marxist philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanosocialism" title="Nanosocialism">Nanosocialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_and_LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialism and LGBT rights">Socialism and LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_calculation_debate" title="Socialist calculation debate">Socialist calculation debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party" title="Socialist Party">Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_state" title="Socialist state">Socialist state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' council</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Lists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism-related_lists" title="Category:Socialism-related lists">Related lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism" title="Category:Socialism">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism_by_country" title="Category:Socialism by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialists" title="Category:Socialists">Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_socialist_songs" title="List of socialist songs">Songs</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid #d33; border-bottom:1px solid #d33;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/16px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/24px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/32px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="411" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Socialism" title="Portal:Socialism">Socialism portal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Socialism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Socialism">WikiProject</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/16px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/24px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg/32px-Symbol-hammer-and-sickle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Communism" title="Portal:Communism">Communism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syndicalism.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/16px-Syndicalism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/24px-Syndicalism.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/32px-Syndicalism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="530" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Organized_Labour" title="Portal:Organized Labour">Organized Labour portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Socialism_sidebar" title="Template:Socialism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Socialism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Socialism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>India has a robust social security legislative framework governing social security, encompassing multiple labour laws and regulations. These laws govern various aspects of social security, particularly focusing on the welfare of the workforce. The primary objective of these measures is to foster sound industrial relations, cultivate a high-quality work environment, ensure legislative compliance, and mitigate risks such as accidents and health concerns. Moreover, social security initiatives aim to safeguard against social risks such as retirement, maternity, healthcare and unemployment while tax-funded social assistance aims to reduce inequalities and poverty. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Directive_Principles_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Directive Principles of India">Directive Principles of State Policy</a>, enshrined in Part IV of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Constitution">Indian Constitution</a> reflects that India is a <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a>. Food security to all Indians are guaranteed under the <a href="/wiki/National_Food_Security_Act,_2013" title="National Food Security Act, 2013">National Food Security Act, 2013</a> where the government provides highly subsidised food grains or a food security allowance to economically vulnerable people. The system has since been universalised with the passing of <a href="/wiki/The_Code_on_Social_Security,_2020" title="The Code on Social Security, 2020">The Code on Social Security, 2020</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These cover most of the Indian population with social protection in various situations in their lives.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Government's social security and welfare expenditures are a substantial portion of the official budget and as well as the budgets of social security bodies, and state and <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_India" title="Local government in India">local governments</a> play roles in developing and implementing social security policies. Additional welfare measure systems are also uniquely operated by various state governments.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aadhaar" title="Aadhaar">Aadhaar</a> is utilised to distribute welfare measures in India. </p><p>The comprehensive social protection system of India can be categorised as the follows: social assistance (in the form of welfare payments in cash or kind funded through taxations) and mandatory social security contributory schemes mostly related to employment. The Code on Social Security, 2020 is part of the Indian labour code that deals with employees' social security and have provisions on retirement pension and provident fund, healthcare insurance and medical benefits, sick pay and leaves, unemployment benefits and paid parental leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The largest social security programs backed by The Code on Social Security are: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Employees%27_Provident_Fund_Organisation" title="Employees' Provident Fund Organisation">Employees' Provident Fund Organisation</a> for retirement pension, provident fund, life and disability insurance.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Employees%27_State_Insurance" title="Employees' State Insurance">Employees' State Insurance</a> for healthcare and unemployment benefits along with sick pays.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/National_Pension_System" title="National Pension System">National Pension System</a> which is increasingly gaining popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are funded through social insurance contributions on the payroll.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/National_Food_Security_Act,_2013" title="National Food Security Act, 2013">National Food Security Act, 2013</a>, that assures food security to all Indians, is funded through the general taxation.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Budget">Budget</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Budget"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As per the Economic Survey of the Government of India of 2022–23, the general government (federal, states and local bodies combined) expenditure on social protection (direct cash transfers, financial inclusion, social benefits, health and other insurances, subsidies, free school meals, rural employment guarantee and housing grants for the low income), was approximately <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>2,130,000 crore</span> (US$260 billion), which was 8.3% of gross domestic product (GDP).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are not part of the employment related social security which are managed separately by individual bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the funds spent by the EPFO, ESI and the various other provident fund bodies are taken into account, the total spending by the general government of India (centre, states and cities all together) is 12.8% of the GDP or <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>3,320,000 crore</span> (US$400 billion).<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_level_social_security_bodies_and_programs">National level social security bodies and programs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: National level social security bodies and programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This section covers some of the social programs and welfare measures in place in India at the federal level. These can be categorized into two: 1) Social security, which mostly run through mandatory or voluntary contributions on the payroll and 2) Social assistance, which is funded through taxes.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These programs' funding can be categorised as: non-contributory and tax-payer-funded, employer-funded and lastly, joint-funded (contributed by both the employer and the employee and partially contributed by the government). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_Security">Social Security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Social Security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These are retirement, healthcare, disability, childcare, gratuity and provident fund and insurance programs mostly governed by The Code on Social Security, 2020, most of which are mandatory for all Indian and foreign employees' working in India.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Unified_Pension_System_for_Civil_Servants">Unified Pension System for Civil Servants</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Unified Pension System for Civil Servants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The unified pension system is a pension system for civil servants in India, that replaces the defined-benefit, unfunded, <a href="/wiki/Old_Pension_Scheme" title="Old Pension Scheme">Old Pension Scheme</a>. In the unified pension system, a civil servant contributes 10% of their salary while the government contributes 18% each month on their behalf. After retirement, the civil servant receives 50% of their basic pay of the average of the last 12 months preceding retirement. The pension is indexed to inflation and increases every years.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Pension_System">National Pension System</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: National Pension System"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_Pension_System" title="National Pension System">National Pension System</a></div> <p>This is thought to eventually become the national pension system of India which initially started to replace the civil servant's pension system. Civil Servants who joined service before 2004 are entitled to the Civil Service Pension Scheme and the General Provident Fund. These were established in 1972 and 1981 respectively. It was a defined benefit system that the employees did not contribute to and the pension was funded through the general state budget. To qualify for a pension, one must have been in service for at least ten years and the pensionable age was 58. The retired employee received 50% of his/her last salary as the monthly pension. Due to the severe financial burden that this system was placing on government finances that it was abolished for new civil service employees from the year 2004 and replaced by the <a href="/wiki/National_Pension_System" title="National Pension System">National Pension System</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Pension_System" title="National Pension System">National Pension System (NPS)</a> is a defined contribution pension system administered and regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Pension_Fund_Regulatory_and_Development_Authority" title="Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority">Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority</a> (PFRDA), created by an Act of the Parliament of India. The NPS started with the decision of the Government of India to stop defined benefit pensions <a href="/wiki/Old_Pension_Scheme_(OPS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Pension Scheme (OPS)">Old Pension Scheme (OPS)</a> for all its employees who joined after 1 January 2004. </p><p>The employee contributes 10% of his gross salary to the system while the employer contributes a matching amount. At the official age of retirement, the employee can withdraw 60% of the amount as a lump sum while 40% needs to be compulsorily used to buy <a href="/wiki/Annuity" title="Annuity">annuity</a> that will be used to pay a monthly pension. The system tries to achieve a target of 50% of the last salary of the employee. This system has been made compulsory for all civil servants but voluntary for others. In the General Provident Fund Scheme, the employee needs to contribute at least 6% of his gross salary and there is a guaranteed return of 8%. The employee can withdraw the lump sum amount when he/she retires.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Employees'_Provident_Fund_Organisation"><span id="Employees.27_Provident_Fund_Organisation"></span>Employees' Provident Fund Organisation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Employees' Provident Fund Organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Employees%27_Provident_Fund_Organisation" title="Employees' Provident Fund Organisation">Employees' Provident Fund Organisation</a></div> <p>It is the most important social security body that covers most employees in India and accords them with social protection and is governed by <a href="/wiki/The_Code_on_Social_Security,_2020" title="The Code on Social Security, 2020">The Code on Social Security, 2020</a>. It runs three social security schemes for workers and employees in India. A provident fund is a kind of retirement scheme. It is mandatory for every private and self-employee (civil servants are covered by the <a href="/wiki/National_Pension_Scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="National Pension Scheme">Civil Servant's Pension System</a>) under The Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952. </p><p>Under this statutory act, an employee contributes 12% of his or her monthly salary and his or her employer contributes a matching amount, while the government contributes 1% of the employees’ salary, with a total contribution of 25% of the employee's gross salary. The contributions go towards three social security schemes: the mandatory provident fund, a pension scheme and a disability and life insurance. The entire 12% contribution of the employee goes towards the Employees’ Provident Fund Scheme (EPF), while from the employer's share of 12%, 3.67% goes to the Employees’ Provident Fund and 8.33% goes towards the Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS) along with 1% contribution of the government while 0.5% contribution of the employer goes to the Employees’ Deposit-Linked Insurance (EDLI). </p><p>Employees affiliated to this body are also covered automatically by the <a href="/wiki/Ayushman_Bharat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayushman Bharat">National Health Protection Scheme</a> health insurance.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The employee withdraws the amount deposited for the provident fund along with the interest accumulated once the employee reaches the statutory retirement age. In case of death or disability during work, the dependent or the disabled employee gets a monthly pension throughout their life. The pension schemes guarantees a basic minimum pension for the employees life after retirement. Retirement age currently stands at 60 in all establishments covered by the EPFO.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall, the system tries achieving 50% of the employee's last salary.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Employees'_State_Insurance"><span id="Employees.27_State_Insurance"></span>Employees' State Insurance</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Employees' State Insurance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Employees%27_State_Insurance" title="Employees' State Insurance">Employees' State Insurance</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Employees%27_State_Insurance" title="Employees' State Insurance">Employees' State Insurance</a> (abbreviated as ESI) is a social security and <a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">health insurance</a> fund for Indian workers. The fund is managed by the Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) according to rules and regulations stipulated in the ESI Act 1948. This fund is managed by the ESI Corporation (ESIC) according to rules and regulations stipulated there in the ESI Act 1948, which oversees the provision of healthcare and cash benefits to the employees and their family. ESIC is a <b>Statutory and an Autonomous Body</b> under the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_and_Employment_(India)" title="Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)">Ministry of Labour and Employment</a>. </p><p>For all employees earning <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>21,000</span> (US$250) or less per month as wages, the employer contributes 3.25% and the employee contributes 0.75%, total share 4%. ESI scheme is a type of social security scheme for employees in the organised sector. The employees registered under the insurance are entitled to medical treatment for themselves and their dependents, <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_benefits" title="Unemployment benefits">unemployment benefit</a>, sick pay and maternity benefit in case of women employees. </p><p>In case of employment-related <a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">disablement</a> or death, there is provision for a <a href="/wiki/Disability_benefits" title="Disability benefits">disablement benefit</a> and a family pension respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-ccs_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ccs-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 67">: 67 </span></sup> Outpatient medical facilities are available in 1418 ESI dispensaries and through 1,678 registered medical practitioners. Inpatient care is available in 145 ESI hospitals and 42 hospital annexes with a total of 19,387 beds. In addition, several state government hospitals also have beds for the exclusive use of ESI Beneficiaries. Cash benefits can be availed in any of 830 ESI centres throughout India.<sup id="cite_ref-rep0809_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rep0809-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 13, 16">: 13, 16 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Health_Protection_Scheme">National Health Protection Scheme</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: National Health Protection Scheme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_India" title="Healthcare in India">Healthcare in India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ayushman_Bharat_Yojana" title="Ayushman Bharat Yojana">Ayushman Bharat Yojana</a></div> <p>People working in the organised sector either get health insurance through the <a href="/wiki/Ayushman_Bharat_Yojana" title="Ayushman Bharat Yojana">Ayushman Bharat Yojana</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Employees%27_State_Insurance" title="Employees' State Insurance">Employees' State Insurance</a>. Ayushman Bharat Yojana also provides coverage to the poor and people working in the unorganised sector. These two are public health insurance funds that has coverage that includes 3 days of pre-hospitalisation and 15 days of post-hospitalisation expenses. Around 1,400 procedures with all related costs like OT expenses are taken care of. </p><p>This public health insurance is fully tax-payer funded and the entire premium is borne by the centre and the states in a 60:40 share. The program is estimated to cost the government <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>99,000 crore</span> (US$12 billion) by 2026, highlighting one of the few social security scheme that is not undergoing a budget cut.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PMJAY and the E-card provide a coverage of ₹5 lakh ($6860) per family, per year, thus helping the economically vulnerable obtain easy access to healthcare services for free. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Atal_Pension_Yojna_(APY)"><span id="Atal_Pension_Yojna_.28APY.29"></span>Atal Pension Yojna (APY)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Atal Pension Yojna (APY)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Atal_Pension_Yojana" title="Atal Pension Yojana">Atal Pension Yojana</a></div> <p>It is a voluntary basic supplementary pension scheme, mostly intended for people surviving on mini-jobs, short-terms contracts or daily-wage earners. It is open to all saving bank/post office saving bank account holders in the age group of 18 to 40 years and the contributions differ, based on pension amount chosen. Subscribers would receive the guaranteed minimum monthly pension of ₹1,000 or ₹2,000 or ₹3,000 or ₹4,000 or ₹5,000 at the age of 60 years. </p><p>Under APY, the monthly pension would be available to the subscriber, and after him to his spouse and after their death, the pension corpus, as accumulated at age 60 of the subscriber, would be returned to the nominee of the subscriber. The minimum pension would be guaranteed by the Government, i.e., if the accumulated corpus based on contributions earns a lower than estimated return on investment and is inadequate to provide the minimum guaranteed pension, the Central Government would fund such inadequacy from the general budget. Alternatively, if the returns on investment are higher, the subscribers would get enhanced pensionary benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maternity_Benefits">Maternity Benefits</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Maternity Benefits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to The Code on Social Security, 2020, all women employees are entitled to 26 weeks of fully paid maternity leaves. This benefit could be availed by women for a period extending up to a maximum of 8 weeks before the expected delivery date and the remaining time can be availed after childbirth. For women who are having 2 or more surviving children, the duration of paid maternity leave shall be 12 weeks (i.e. 6 weeks before and 6 weeks after expected date of delivery). Maternity leave of 12 weeks to be available to mothers adopting a child below the age of three months from the date of adoption as well as to the "commissioning mothers" (defined as a biological mother who uses her egg to create an embryo planted in any other woman). </p><p>A woman needs to work and contribute for at least 80 days in the years when she plans on availing this benefit. This social security measure is fully-funded by the employer and mandatory for all establishments operating in India.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Accident_Assurance_Scheme">Accident Assurance Scheme</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Accident Assurance Scheme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Suraksha_Bima_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana">Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana</a></div> <p>Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana is available to people (Indian Resident or NRI) between 18 and 70 years of age with bank accounts. It has an annual premium of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>12</span> (14¢ US) exclusive of taxes. The GST is exempted on Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana. The amount is automatically debited from the account. This insurance scheme can have one year cover from 1 June to 31 May and would be offered through banks and administered through public sector general insurance companies.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In case of unexpected death or full disability, the payment to the nominee will be <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>2 lakh</span> (US$2,400) and in case of partial Permanent disability <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1 lakh</span> (US$1,200). Full disability has been defined as loss of use in both eyes, hands or feet. Partial Permanent disability has been defined as loss of use in one eye, hand or foot.<sup id="cite_ref-Woes_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woes-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Advertise_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Advertise-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, death due to suicide, alcohol, drug abuse, etc. are not covered.</ref> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Pension_System_2">National Pension System</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: National Pension System"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_Pension_System" title="National Pension System">National Pension System</a></div> <p>This is thought to eventually become the national pension system of India for private sector employees. The <a href="/wiki/National_Pension_System" title="National Pension System">National Pension System (NPS)</a> is a defined contribution pension system administered and regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Pension_Fund_Regulatory_and_Development_Authority" title="Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority">Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority</a> (PFRDA), created by an Act of the Parliament of India. </p><p>The employee contributes 10% of his gross salary to the system while the employer sometimes contributes a matching amount. At the official age of retirement, the employee can withdraw 60% of the amount as a lump sum while 40% needs to be compulsorily used to buy <a href="/wiki/Annuity" title="Annuity">annuity</a> that will be used to pay a monthly pension. The system tries to achieve a target of 50% of the last salary of the employee. This system has been made voluntary for private sector employees.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Employees'_Provident_Fund_Organisation_2"><span id="Employees.27_Provident_Fund_Organisation_2"></span>Employees' Provident Fund Organisation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Employees' Provident Fund Organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Employees%27_Provident_Fund_Organisation" title="Employees' Provident Fund Organisation">Employees' Provident Fund Organisation</a></div> <p>It is the most important social security body that covers most employees in India and accords them with social protection and is governed by <a href="/wiki/The_Code_on_Social_Security,_2020" title="The Code on Social Security, 2020">The Code on Social Security, 2020</a>. It runs three social security schemes for workers and employees in India. A provident fund is a kind of retirement scheme. It is mandatory for every private and self-employee (civil servants are covered by the <a href="/wiki/National_Pension_Scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="National Pension Scheme">Civil Servant's Pension System</a>) under The Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952. </p><p>Under this statutory act, an employee contributes 12% of his or her monthly salary and his or her employer contributes a matching amount, while the government contributes 1% of the employees’ salary, with a total contribution of 25% of the employee's gross salary. The contributions go towards three social security schemes: the mandatory provident fund, a pension scheme and a disability and life insurance. The entire 12% contribution of the employee goes towards the Employees’ Provident Fund Scheme (EPF), while from the employer's share of 12%, 3.67% goes to the Employees’ Provident Fund and 8.33% goes towards the Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS) along with 1% contribution of the government while 0.5% contribution of the employer goes to the Employees’ Deposit-Linked Insurance (EDLI). </p><p>Employees affiliated to this body are also covered automatically by the <a href="/wiki/Ayushman_Bharat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayushman Bharat">National Health Protection Scheme</a> health insurance.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The employee withdraws the amount deposited for the provident fund along with the interest accumulated once the employee reaches the statutory retirement age. In case of death or disability during work, the dependent or the disabled employee gets a monthly pension throughout their life. The pension schemes guarantees a basic minimum pension for the employees life after retirement. Retirement age currently stands at 60 in all establishments covered by the EPFO.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall, the system tries achieving 50% of the employee's last salary.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Employees'_State_Insurance_2"><span id="Employees.27_State_Insurance_2"></span>Employees' State Insurance</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Employees' State Insurance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Employees%27_State_Insurance" title="Employees' State Insurance">Employees' State Insurance</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Employees%27_State_Insurance" title="Employees' State Insurance">Employees' State Insurance</a> (abbreviated as ESI) is a social security and <a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">health insurance</a> fund for Indian workers. The fund is managed by the Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) according to rules and regulations stipulated in the ESI Act 1948. This fund is managed by the ESI Corporation (ESIC) according to rules and regulations stipulated there in the ESI Act 1948, which oversees the provision of healthcare and cash benefits to the employees and their family. ESIC is a <b>Statutory and an Autonomous Body</b> under the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_and_Employment_(India)" title="Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)">Ministry of Labour and Employment</a>. </p><p>For all employees earning <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>21,000</span> (US$250) or less per month as wages, the employer contributes 3.25% and the employee contributes 0.75%, total share 4%. ESI scheme is a type of social security scheme for employees in the organised sector. The employees registered under the insurance are entitled to medical treatment for themselves and their dependents, <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_benefits" title="Unemployment benefits">unemployment benefit</a>, sick pay and maternity benefit in case of women employees. </p><p>In case of employment-related <a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">disablement</a> or death, there is provision for a <a href="/wiki/Disability_benefits" title="Disability benefits">disablement benefit</a> and a family pension respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-ccs_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ccs-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 67">: 67 </span></sup> Outpatient medical facilities are available in 1418 ESI dispensaries and through 1,678 registered medical practitioners. Inpatient care is available in 145 ESI hospitals and 42 hospital annexes with a total of 19,387 beds. In addition, several state government hospitals also have beds for the exclusive use of ESI Beneficiaries. Cash benefits can be availed in any of 830 ESI centres throughout India.<sup id="cite_ref-rep0809_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rep0809-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 13, 16">: 13, 16 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Health_Protection_Scheme_2">National Health Protection Scheme</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: National Health Protection Scheme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_India" title="Healthcare in India">Healthcare in India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ayushman_Bharat_Yojana" title="Ayushman Bharat Yojana">Ayushman Bharat Yojana</a></div> <p>People working in the organised sector either get health insurance through the <a href="/wiki/Ayushman_Bharat_Yojana" title="Ayushman Bharat Yojana">Ayushman Bharat Yojana</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Employees%27_State_Insurance" title="Employees' State Insurance">Employees' State Insurance</a>. Ayushman Bharat Yojana also provides coverage to the poor and people working in the unorganised sector. These two are public health insurance funds that has coverage that includes 3 days of pre-hospitalisation and 15 days of post-hospitalisation expenses. Around 1,400 procedures with all related costs like OT expenses are taken care of. </p><p>This public health insurance is fully tax-payer funded and the entire premium is borne by the centre and the states in a 60:40 share. The program is estimated to cost the government <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>99,000 crore</span> (US$12 billion) by 2026, highlighting one of the few social security scheme that is not undergoing a budget cut.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PMJAY and the E-card provide a coverage of ₹5 lakh ($6860) per family, per year, thus helping the economically vulnerable obtain easy access to healthcare services for free. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Atal_Pension_Yojna_(APY)_2"><span id="Atal_Pension_Yojna_.28APY.29_2"></span>Atal Pension Yojna (APY)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Atal Pension Yojna (APY)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Atal_Pension_Yojana" title="Atal Pension Yojana">Atal Pension Yojana</a></div> <p>It is a voluntary basic supplementary pension scheme, mostly intended for people surviving on mini-jobs, short-terms contracts or daily-wage earners. It is open to all saving bank/post office saving bank account holders in the age group of 18 to 40 years and the contributions differ, based on pension amount chosen. Subscribers would receive the guaranteed minimum monthly pension of ₹1,000 or ₹2,000 or ₹3,000 or ₹4,000 or ₹5,000 at the age of 60 years. </p><p>Under APY, the monthly pension would be available to the subscriber, and after him to his spouse and after their death, the pension corpus, as accumulated at age 60 of the subscriber, would be returned to the nominee of the subscriber. The minimum pension would be guaranteed by the Government, i.e., if the accumulated corpus based on contributions earns a lower than estimated return on investment and is inadequate to provide the minimum guaranteed pension, the Central Government would fund such inadequacy from the general budget. Alternatively, if the returns on investment are higher, the subscribers would get enhanced pensionary benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maternity_Benefits_2">Maternity Benefits</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Maternity Benefits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to The Code on Social Security, 2020, all women employees are entitled to 26 weeks of fully paid maternity leaves. This benefit could be availed by women for a period extending up to a maximum of 8 weeks before the expected delivery date and the remaining time can be availed after childbirth. For women who are having 2 or more surviving children, the duration of paid maternity leave shall be 12 weeks (i.e. 6 weeks before and 6 weeks after expected date of delivery). Maternity leave of 12 weeks to be available to mothers adopting a child below the age of three months from the date of adoption as well as to the "commissioning mothers" (defined as a biological mother who uses her egg to create an embryo planted in any other woman). </p><p>A woman needs to work and contribute for at least 80 days in the years when she plans on availing this benefit. This social security measure is fully-funded by the employer and mandatory for all establishments operating in India.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Accident_Assurance_Scheme_2">Accident Assurance Scheme</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Accident Assurance Scheme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Suraksha_Bima_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana">Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana</a></div> <p>Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana is available to people (Indian Resident or NRI) between 18 and 70 years of age with bank accounts. It has an annual premium of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>12</span> (14¢ US) exclusive of taxes. The GST is exempted on Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana. The amount is automatically debited from the account. This insurance scheme can have one year cover from 1 June to 31 May and would be offered through banks and administered through public sector general insurance companies.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In case of unexpected death or full disability, the payment to the nominee will be <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>2 lakh</span> (US$2,400) and in case of partial Permanent disability <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1 lakh</span> (US$1,200). Full disability has been defined as loss of use in both eyes, hands or feet. Partial Permanent disability has been defined as loss of use in one eye, hand or foot.<sup id="cite_ref-Woes_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woes-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Advertise_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Advertise-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, death due to suicide, alcohol, drug abuse, etc. are not covered. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_Assistance_and_Grants">Social Assistance and Grants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Social Assistance and Grants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These are rights-based social assistance programmes funded through the general taxation and have <a href="/wiki/Statutory" class="mw-redirect" title="Statutory">statutory</a> backing.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Food_Security_Safety_Net">National Food Security Safety Net</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: National Food Security Safety Net"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_Food_Security_Act,_2013" title="National Food Security Act, 2013">National Food Security Act, 2013</a></div> <p>It is one of the most comprehensive food security program and the most expensive social benefit program in the world amongst all developing countries.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It aims to provide <a href="/wiki/Subsidy" title="Subsidy">subsidized</a> food grains to approximately two thirds of the country's 1.2 billion people.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was signed into law on 12 September 2013, <a href="/wiki/Retrospective_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrospective effect">retroactive to</a> 5 July 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA 2013) converts into legal entitlements for existing food security programmes of the Government of India. It includes the <a href="/wiki/Midday_Meal_Scheme" title="Midday Meal Scheme">Midday Meal Scheme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Child_Development_Services" title="Integrated Child Development Services">Integrated Child Development Services</a> scheme and the <a href="/wiki/Public_Distribution_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Distribution System">Public Distribution System</a>. Further, the NFSA 2013 recognizes maternity entitlements. The Midday Meal Scheme and the Integrated Child Development Services Scheme are universal in nature whereas the PDS will reach about two-thirds of the population (75% in rural areas and 50% in urban areas). </p><p>Under the provisions of the bill, beneficiaries of the <a href="/wiki/Public_Distribution_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Distribution System">Public Distribution System</a> (or, PDS) are entitled to 5 kilograms (11 lb) per person per month of cereals at the following prices: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice</a> at <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>3</span> (3.6¢ US) per kg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">Wheat</a> at <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>2</span> (2.4¢ US) per kg</li> <li>Coarse grains (<a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millet</a>) at <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1</span> (1.2¢ US) per kg.</li></ul> <p>In addition to grains and cereals, 2 kg of protein-rich high quality lentils and pulses are also provided for free to per person per month.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pregnant women, lactating mothers, and certain categories of children are eligible for daily free cereals. In 2022, the general government (centre and states combined) spent about 6.3% of its budget on this programme with a total allocation of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>530,000 crore</span> (US$64 billion).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the absence of the availability of food grains with the government, the beneficiaries under the act receives food security allowance benefits directly into their bank accounts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Free_School_Meals">Free School Meals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Free School Meals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Midday_Meal_Scheme" title="Midday Meal Scheme">Midday Meal Scheme</a></div> <p>The Midday-Meal is a <a href="/wiki/School_meal" title="School meal">school meal</a> programme of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> designed to better the <a href="/wiki/Nutrition" title="Nutrition">nutritional</a> standing of school-age children nationwide and is governed by the statutory act <a href="/wiki/National_Food_Security_Act,_2013" title="National Food Security Act, 2013">National Food Security Act, 2013</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The programme supplies free lunches on working days for children in primary and upper primary classes in government, government aided, local body, Education Guarantee Scheme, and alternate innovative education centres, <i><a href="/wiki/Madarsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Madarsa">Madarsa</a></i> and <i>Maqtabs</i> supported under <a href="/wiki/Sarva_Shiksha_Abhiyan" title="Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan">Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan</a>, and National Child Labour Project schools run by the ministry of labour.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serving 120,000,000 children in over 1,265,000 schools and Education Guarantee Scheme centres, it is the largest of its kind in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under article 24, paragraph 2c<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Convention on the Rights of the Child">Convention on the Rights of the Child</a>, to which India is a party,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> India has committed to yielding "adequate nutritious food" for children. The programme has undergone many changes since its launch in 1995. The Midday Meal Scheme is covered by the <a href="/wiki/National_Food_Security_Act,_2013" title="National Food Security Act, 2013">National Food Security Act, 2013</a>. The legal backing to the Indian school meal programme is akin to the legal backing provided in the US through the <a href="/wiki/National_School_Lunch_Act" title="National School Lunch Act">National School Lunch Act</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pradhan_Mantri_Awas_Yojana_(Gramin_and_Urban)"><span id="Pradhan_Mantri_Awas_Yojana_.28Gramin_and_Urban.29"></span>Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Gramin and Urban)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Gramin and Urban)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Awas_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana">Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana</a></div> <p>This is India's flagship assistance for housing designed specifically to reduce rural and urban homelessness and poverty. Under the scheme, financial assistance worth <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>420,000</span> (US$5,000) in plain areas and <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>530,000</span> (US$6,400) in difficult areas (high land area) is provided for construction or upgradation of houses for low income groups and retirees.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Central_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Government">Central Government</a>, which covers 60% of the cost, allocated a budget of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>48,000 crore</span> (US$5.8 billion) for both rural and urban regions. The states are supposed to cover the remaining 40%.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These houses are equipped with facilities such as a toilet, LPG cooking gas connections, electricity connection, and piped drinking water in convergence with other schemes e.g. <a href="/wiki/Swachh_Bharat_Abhiyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Swachh Bharat Abhiyan">Swachh Bharat Abhiyan toilets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Ujjwala_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana">Ujjwala Yojana LPG gas connection</a>, Saubhagya Yojana electricity connection, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-house9_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-house9-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The houses are allotted in the name of the woman or jointly between husband and wife.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maternity_Benefit_for_Self-employed_or_Unemployed_Women">Maternity Benefit for Self-employed or Unemployed Women</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Maternity Benefit for Self-employed or Unemployed Women"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Matri_Vandana_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Matri Vandana Yojana">Pradhan Mantri Matri Vandana Yojana</a></div> <p>Pradhan Mantri Matri Vandana Yojana is a maternity benefit programme run by the government of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> for low-income households. It was introduced in 2017 and is implemented by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Women_and_Child_Development_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Women and Child Development (India)">Ministry of Women and Child Development</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/Conditional_cash_transfer" title="Conditional cash transfer">conditional cash transfer</a> scheme for pregnant and lactating women of 19 years of age or above for the first live birth.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It provides a partial wage compensation to women for wage-loss during childbirth and childcare and to provide conditions for safe delivery and good nutrition and feeding practices. </p><p>In 2013, the scheme was brought under the <a href="/wiki/National_Food_Security_Act,_2013" title="National Food Security Act, 2013">National Food Security Act, 2013</a> to implement the provision of cash maternity benefit of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>6,000</span> (US$72) stated in the Act.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eligible beneficiaries would receive the incentive given under the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Mission" title="National Health Mission">Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY)</a> for Institutional delivery and the incentive received under JSY would be accounted towards maternity benefits so that on an average a woman gets <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>6,000</span> (US$72).<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total financial cost of this benefit (both the centre and states together) was <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>2,475.89 crore</span> (US$300 million) in 2020, highlighting steady cuts in budgetary allocation over the years.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Integrated_Child_Development_Services">Integrated Child Development Services</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Integrated Child Development Services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Child_Development_Services" title="Integrated Child Development Services">Integrated Child Development Services</a></div> <p>It is a government programme in India which provides food, <a href="/wiki/Preschool" title="Preschool">preschool</a> education, <a href="/wiki/Primary_healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary healthcare">primary healthcare</a>, cash transfers to families, immunization, health check-up and referral services to children under 6 years of age and their mothers.<sup id="cite_ref-ICDS_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICDS-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scheme was launched in 1975, discontinued in 1978 by the government of Morarji Desai, and then relaunched by the Tenth Five Year Plan. </p><p>Tenth five-year plan also linked ICDS to <i><a href="/wiki/Anganwadi" title="Anganwadi">Anganwadi</a></i> centres established mainly in rural areas and staffed with frontline workers.<sup id="cite_ref-Improving_Child_Nutrition?_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Improving_Child_Nutrition?-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to fighting <a href="/wiki/Malnutrition" title="Malnutrition">malnutrition</a> and ill health, the programme is also intended to combat <a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality" title="Gender inequality">gender inequality</a> by providing girls the same resources as boys. </p><p>During the 2018–19 <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">fiscal year</a>, the Indian central government allocated ₹16,335 crores ($2.18 billion) to the programme.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The widespread network of ICDS has an important role in combating rural malnutrition especially for children of weaker and marginalised groups.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Rural_Employment_Guarantee_Scheme">National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_Rural_Employment_Guarantee_Act,_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005">National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/National_Rural_Employment_Guarantee_Act,_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005">National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/Social_welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Social welfare">social welfare</a> measure that aims to guarantee the '<a href="/wiki/Right_to_work" title="Right to work">right to work</a>'. It is considered to be one of the world's largest public work programs. This act was passed in September 2005 under the UPA government of Prime Minister Dr. <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a>. It aims to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NDA_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NDA-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2021, the government allocated <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>73,000 crore</span> (US$8.7 billion) for this scheme. Together with the central and state governments, the net allocation was <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>201,666 crore</span> (US$24 billion) in 2021, a massive increase from the budgeted estimate in order to counter the economic loss caused by the COVID-19 lockdown.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, the program's budget has been slashed by the centre to <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>60,000 crore</span> (US$7.2 billion).<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Social_Assistance_Scheme">National Social Assistance Scheme</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: National Social Assistance Scheme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_Social_Assistance_Scheme" title="National Social Assistance Scheme">National Social Assistance Scheme</a></div> <p>The National Social Assistance Programme is a <a href="/wiki/Centrally_Sponsored_Scheme" title="Centrally Sponsored Scheme">Centrally Sponsored Scheme</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> that provides solidarity financial benefits to elderly people who were unable to work and has no other pension rights, widows/widowers who's left without the family breadwinner and persons with disabilities in the form of <a href="/wiki/Social_pension" title="Social pension">social pensions</a>. As of 2023, there are more than 29 million NSAP beneficiaries in India.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The central government's allocation to the NSAP budget (which forms 60% of the expenditure on this scheme) is <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>9,636 crore</span> (US$1.2 billion) in 2023, highlighting constant cuts to the budget over the years.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Welfare_measures_in_various_states">Welfare measures in various states</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Welfare measures in various states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below are some of the measures undertaken at the state level for social security and welfare purposes in India. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="West_Bengal">West Bengal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: West Bengal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This subsection <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Social_security_in_India" title="Special:EditPage/Social security in India">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this subsection. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Social+security+in+India%22">"Social security in India"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Social+security+in+India%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Social+security+in+India%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Social+security+in+India%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Social+security+in+India%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Social+security+in+India%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Kanyashree_Prakalpa" title="Kanyashree Prakalpa">Kanyashree Prakalpa</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">কন্যাশ্রী</span>) is an initiative taken by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_West_Bengal" title="Government of West Bengal">Government of West Bengal</a> to improve the life and the status of the girls, by helping economically backward families with cash so the families do not arrange the <a href="/wiki/Child_marriage_in_India" title="Child marriage in India">marriage of their girl child</a> before 18 years because of economic problems. The purpose of this initiative is to uplift those girls who are from poor families and thus can't pursue higher studies due to tough economic conditions. It has been given international recognition by the United Nations Department of International Development and the <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a>. </p><p>The scheme has two conditional cash benefit components: </p> <ol><li>The first is K1, an annual scholarship of ₹1,000/- to be paid annually to the girls from 13 to 18 years of age group for every year that they remain in education, provided they are unmarried at the time. Originally, in 2013–14 and 2014–15, the annual scholarship was ₹500/-.</li> <li>The second benefit is K2, a one-time grant of 25,000/-, to be paid when girls turn 18, provided that they are engaged in an academic or occupations pursuit and are unmarried at the time.</li></ol> <p>The term 'education' encompasses <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">secondary and higher secondary education</a>, as well as the various vocational, technical and sports courses available for this age group. Although the annual scholarship is payable only when girls reach Class VIII, this criterion is waived for girls with special needs whose disability is 40% or more. </p><p>Recently, the bar of income has been withdrawn by the State Government, thus every girl can apply for this scheme. The scheme was previously only open to families whose annual income was equal to or less than <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1.2 lakh</span> (US$1,400), but girls with special needs, i.e. girls who have lost both parents, as well as for girls residing in Juvenile Justice homes, had this criterion waived. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tamil_Nadu">Tamil Nadu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Tamil Nadu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Amma_Unavagam" title="Amma Unavagam">Amma Unavagam</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>: <span lang="ta">அம்மா உணவகம்</span>) is a food <a href="/wiki/Subsidy" title="Subsidy">subsidisation programme</a> run by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Tamil_Nadu" title="Government of Tamil Nadu">Government of Tamil Nadu</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. It is a first of the kind scheme run by any government in India. It has been an inspiration for many states like Odisha, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh which later proposed similar schemes seeing its success.<sup id="cite_ref-sharprises_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sharprises-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the scheme, <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporations_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Corporations in India">municipal corporations</a> of the state-run canteens serving subsidised food at low prices.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The genesis of the scheme could be traced to the concept of rural restaurants promoted by <a href="/wiki/Nimbkar_Agricultural_Research_Institute" title="Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute">Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The literal meaning of the name of the scheme Amma Unavagam is Mother's canteen. <i>Amma</i> translates to <i>mother</i> in Tamil, but is also a reference to Chief Minister <a href="/wiki/Jayalalithaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Jayalalithaa">J Jayalalithaa</a>, who introduced this restaurant chain as part of government schemes aimed at aiding economically disadvantaged sections of society.<sup id="cite_ref-mother_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mother-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfare State">Welfare State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_reform" title="Welfare reform">Welfare reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_India" title="Pensions in India">Pensions in India</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Only_15_paise_reaches_the_beneficiary" title="Only 15 paise reaches the beneficiary">Only 15 paise reaches the beneficiary</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_safety_net" title="Social safety net">Social safety net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Social security">Social security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy" title="Social policy">Social policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_benefits" title="Unemployment benefits">Unemployment benefits</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparisons">Comparisons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Comparisons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_programs_in_the_United_States" title="Social programs in the United States">American social programs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_Security_(United_States)" title="Social Security (United States)">U.S. Social Security</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_in_Australia" title="Social security in Australia">Australian social security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_programs_in_Canada" title="Social programs in Canada">Social programs in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_welfare_state" title="Italian welfare state">Italian welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_New_Zealand" title="Welfare in New Zealand">New Zealand welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_welfare_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandinavian welfare model">Scandinavian welfare model</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_Sweden" title="Welfare in Sweden">Swedish welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_in_Sweden" title="Social security in Sweden">Swedish social security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_Finland" title="Welfare in Finland">Finnish welfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Welfare state in the United Kingdom">UK welfare</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=labour.gov.in&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flabour.gov.in%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FSS%2BPolicy%2B%26amp%3B%2BCode%2B-%2BFull%2Bpresentation%2B24-4-17.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+security+in+India" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.roedl.com/insights/india-faqs-social-security-benefits#:~:text=In%20India%2C%20social%20security%20benefits,%2C%201972%2C%20and%20the%20Employees'">https://www.roedl.com/insights/india-faqs-social-security-benefits#:~:text=In%20India%2C%20social%20security%20benefits,%2C%201972%2C%20and%20the%20Employees'</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%22+Ministry+of+Rural+Development%22%2C+Government+of+India&rft.atitle=The+National+Rural+Employment+Guarantee+Act+2005+%28NREGA%29+%E2%80%93+Operational+Guidelines&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Ministry+of+Rural+Development&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnrega.nic.in%2FNrega_guidelines.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+security+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NDA-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NDA_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChitravanshi2015" class="citation cs2">Chitravanshi, Ruchika (8 October 2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/nationwide-review-of-rural-job-scheme-nregs-ordered-by-government/articleshow/49264512.cms">"Nationwide review of rural job scheme NREGS ordered by government"</a>, <i>The Economic Times</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20160406145800/http://economictimes.com/news/economy/policy/nationwide-review-of-rural-job-scheme-nregs-ordered-by-government/articleshow/49264512.cms">archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2016</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Nationwide+review+of+rural+job+scheme+NREGS+ordered+by+government&rft.date=2015-10-08&rft.aulast=Chitravanshi&rft.aufirst=Ruchika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Feconomy%2Fpolicy%2Fnationwide-review-of-rural-job-scheme-nregs-ordered-by-government%2Farticleshow%2F49264512.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+security+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesstoday.in/union-budget-2020/decoding-the-budget/budget-2020-govt-reduces-spending-on-mgnrega-allocates-rs-60000-crore-for-fy21/story/395294.html">"Budget 2020: Govt reduces spending on MGNREGA, allocates Rs 60,000 crore for FY21"</a>. 2 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Budget+2020%3A+Govt+reduces+spending+on+MGNREGA%2C+allocates+Rs+60%2C000+crore+for+FY21&rft.date=2020-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesstoday.in%2Funion-budget-2020%2Fdecoding-the-budget%2Fbudget-2020-govt-reduces-spending-on-mgnrega-allocates-rs-60000-crore-for-fy21%2Fstory%2F395294.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+security+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scroll.in/latest/985693/budget-centre-allocates-rs-73000-crore-to-mgnrega-34-less-than-revised-estimate-for-2020-21">"Budget: Centre allocates Rs 73,000 crore to MGNREGA – 34% less than revised estimate for 2020-'21"</a>. 2 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Budget%3A+Centre+allocates+Rs+73%2C000+crore+to+MGNREGA+%E2%80%93+34%25+less+than+revised+estimate+for+2020-%2721&rft.date=2021-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscroll.in%2Flatest%2F985693%2Fbudget-centre-allocates-rs-73000-crore-to-mgnrega-34-less-than-revised-estimate-for-2020-21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+security+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanherald.com/business/union-budget/union-budget-2023-mgnrega-allocation-down-by-nearly-32-activists-rue-cut-1186849.html">"Union Budget 2023: MGNREGA allocation down by nearly 32%, activists rue cut"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnsap.nic.in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+security+in+India" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/social-security-and-the-story-of-two-budgets/article66522398.ece">"Social security and the story of two Budgets"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 17 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Social+security+and+the+story+of+two+Budgets&rft.date=2023-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fopinion%2Flead%2Fsocial-security-and-the-story-of-two-budgets%2Farticle66522398.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+security+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sharprises-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sharprises_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Jayalalithaa-a-political-career-with-sharp-rises-and-steep-falls/article16760118.ece">"Jayalalithaa : A political career with sharp rises and steep falls"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 6 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=How+Village+Restaurants+Could+Change+The+Lives+Of+The+Rural+Poor&rft.date=2015-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffpost.com%2Farchive%2Fin%2Fentry%2Frural-poverty-removal-by-_b_6703368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+security+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mother-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mother_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Mother-of-welfare-schemes/article16761095.ece1">"Mother of welfare schemes"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 6 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Mother+of+welfare+schemes&rft.date=2016-12-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Ftamil-nadu%2FMother-of-welfare-schemes%2Farticle16761095.ece1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+security+in+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/India.pdf">"Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: India, December 2004)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Country_Studies" title="Library of Congress Country Studies">Library of Congress Country Studies</a> (All works are issued in <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">Public domain</a>)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanization_in_India" title="Urbanization in India">Urbanisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_India" title="Unemployment in India">Unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_India" title="Income inequality in India">Widening income gap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_India" title="Literacy in India">Literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragging#Ragging_in_India" title="Ragging">Ragging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_India" title="Environmental issues in India">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_India" title="Conservation in India">Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate change in South Asia">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_scavenging" title="Manual scavenging">Manual scavenging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_disasters_in_India" title="Natural disasters in India">Natural disasters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_India" title="Water supply and sanitation in India">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Water_disputes_in_India" title="Category:Water disputes in India">Water disputes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cohabitation_in_India" title="Cohabitation in India">Cohabitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence_in_India" title="Domestic violence in India">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowry_system_in_India" title="Dowry system in India">Dowry system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_planning_in_India" title="Family planning in India">Family planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint family">Joint family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infertility" title="Infertility">Infertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_family" title="Nuclear family">Nuclear family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyandry_in_India" title="Polyandry in India">Polyandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygyny_in_India" title="Polygyny in India">Polygyny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_India" title="Abortion in India">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_India" title="Child labour in India">Child labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_marriage_in_India" title="Child marriage in India">Child marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_prostitution" title="Child prostitution">Child prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_trafficking_in_India" title="Child trafficking in India">Child trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_foeticide_in_India" title="Female foeticide in India">Female foeticide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_infanticide_in_India" title="Female infanticide in India">Female infanticide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_children_in_India" title="Street children in India">Street children</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Women_in_India" title="Women in India">Women</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_attack" title="Acid attack">Acid attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bride_burning" title="Bride burning">Bride burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devadasi" title="Devadasi">Devadasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowry_death" title="Dowry death">Dowry death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve_teasing" title="Eve teasing">Eve teasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_health_in_India" title="Women's health in India">Women's health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_India" title="Feminism in India">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_and_menstruation" title="Culture and menstruation">Menstrual taboo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_India" title="Prostitution in India">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_in_India" title="Rape in India">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(practice)" title="Sati (practice)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_India" title="Gender inequality in India">Sexism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_India" title="Caste system in India">Caste system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caste_politics" title="Caste politics">Caste politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste-related_violence_in_India" title="Caste-related violence in India">Caste-related violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">Dalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservation_in_India" title="Reservation in India">Reservation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(South_Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (South Asia)">Communalism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_states_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Proposed states and union territories of India">Proposed states and territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_relations_in_India" title="Ethnic relations in India">Ethnic relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_India" title="Religious violence in India">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_India" title="Secularism in India">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatist_movements_of_India" title="Separatist movements of India">Separatist movements</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_India" title="Crime in India">Crime</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_India" title="Corruption in India">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groom_kidnapping" title="Groom kidnapping">Groom kidnapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_India" title="Human trafficking in India">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_housing_in_India" title="Illegal housing in India">Illegal housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_India" title="Illegal immigration to India">Illegal immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_scams_in_India" title="Mining scams in India">Illegal mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organised_crime_in_India" title="Organised crime in India">Organised crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_India" title="Terrorism in India">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilantism#India" title="Vigilantism">Vigilantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_police#India" title="Internet police">Cybercrime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_India" title="Healthcare in India">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diabetes_in_India" title="Diabetes in India">Diabetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Epidemics_in_India" title="Category:Epidemics in India">Epidemics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_India" title="HIV/AIDS in India">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy_in_India" title="Leprosy in India">Leprosy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malnutrition_in_India" title="Malnutrition in India">Malnutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_in_India" title="Obesity in India">Obesity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_India" title="Suicide in India">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis_in_India" title="Tuberculosis in India">Tuberculosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Media_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of India">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_India" title="Censorship in India">Censorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_India" title="Internet censorship in India">Internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_social_issues_in_India" title="Category:Films about social issues in India">Films about social issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_expression_in_India" title="Freedom of expression in India">Freedom of expression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_television_drama#Social_impact" title="Indian television drama">Social impact of Indian television drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fake_news_in_India" title="Fake news in India">Fake news</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone#India" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Colourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_feudalism" title="Indian feudalism">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_India" title="Gambling in India">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_India" title="Sexuality in India">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in India">LGBT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_India" title="Homosexuality in India">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijra_(South_Asia)" title="Hijra (South Asia)">Hijra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_India" title="Human rights in India">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_prohibition_in_India" title="Alcohol prohibition in India">Prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_India" title="Superstition in India">Superstitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_in_India" title="Disability in India">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Police brutality in India">Police brutality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Welfare_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Welfare_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Welfare in Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Azerbaijan (page does not exist)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Bahrain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Bahrain (page does not exist)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Bangladesh (page does not exist)">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Bhutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Bhutan (page does not exist)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Cambodia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Cambodia (page does not exist)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_China" title="Welfare in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_Cyprus" title="Welfare in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_East_Timor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in East Timor (page does not exist)">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Egypt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Egypt (page does not exist)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfare in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Indonesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Indonesia (page does not exist)">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Iran (page does not exist)">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Iraq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Iraq (page does not exist)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_Israel" title="Welfare in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_Japan" title="Welfare in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Jordan (page does not exist)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_North_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in North Korea (page does not exist)">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_South_Korea" title="Welfare in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Kuwait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Kuwait (page does not exist)">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Kyrgyzstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Kyrgyzstan (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Laos (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Lebanon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Lebanon (page does not exist)">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Malaysia (page does not exist)">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_the_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in the Maldives (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Mongolia (page does not exist)">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Myanmar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Myanmar (page does not exist)">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Nepal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Nepal (page does not exist)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Oman (page does not exist)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Pakistan (page does not exist)">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in the Philippines (page does not exist)">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Qatar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Qatar (page does not exist)">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Russia (page does not exist)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Saudi Arabia (page does not exist)">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfare in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Welfare in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Syria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Syria (page does not exist)">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Tajikistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Tajikistan (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Thailand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Thailand (page does not exist)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Turkey (page does not exist)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Turkmenistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Turkmenistan (page does not exist)">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in the United Arab Emirates (page does not exist)">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Uzbekistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Uzbekistan (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Vietnam (page does not exist)">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Yemen (page does not exist)">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in the State of Palestine (page does not exist)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Taiwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Taiwan (page does not exist)">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Hong Kong (page does not exist)">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welfare_in_Macau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welfare in Macau (page does not exist)">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Social_security_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Social_security_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Social security in Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_in_Azerbaijan" title="Social security in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Bahrain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Bahrain (page does not exist)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Bangladesh (page does not exist)">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Bhutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Bhutan (page does not exist)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Cambodia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Cambodia (page does not exist)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_in_China" title="Social security in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Cyprus (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_East_Timor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in East Timor (page does not exist)">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Egypt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Egypt (page does not exist)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">India</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Indonesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Indonesia (page does not exist)">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Social security in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Iraq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Iraq (page does not exist)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Israel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Israel (page does not exist)">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Japan (page does not exist)">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Jordan (page does not exist)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_North_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in North Korea (page does not exist)">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_South_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in South Korea (page does not exist)">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Kuwait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Kuwait (page does not exist)">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Kyrgyzstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Kyrgyzstan (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Laos (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Lebanon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Lebanon (page does not exist)">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Malaysia (page does not exist)">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_the_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in the Maldives (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Mongolia (page does not exist)">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Myanmar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Myanmar (page does not exist)">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Nepal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Nepal (page does not exist)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Oman (page does not exist)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Pakistan (page does not exist)">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in the Philippines (page does not exist)">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Qatar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Qatar (page does not exist)">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Russia (page does not exist)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Saudi Arabia (page does not exist)">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Singapore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Singapore (page does not exist)">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Sri Lanka (page does not exist)">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Syria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Syria (page does not exist)">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Tajikistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Tajikistan (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Thailand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Thailand (page does not exist)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Social security in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Turkmenistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Turkmenistan (page does not exist)">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in the United Arab Emirates (page does not exist)">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Uzbekistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Uzbekistan (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Vietnam (page does not exist)">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Yemen (page does not exist)">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in the State of Palestine (page does not exist)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Taiwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Taiwan (page does not exist)">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Hong Kong (page does not exist)">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_Macau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social security in Macau (page does not exist)">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" 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href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&oldid=1252622445">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_security_in_India&oldid=1252622445</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Welfare_in_India" title="Category:Welfare in India">Welfare in India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_schemes_in_India" title="Category:Government schemes in India">Government schemes in India</a></li><li><a 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