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limb</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: artificial limb"> <meta name="keywords" content="artificial limb"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="artificial limb"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2362</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: artificial limb</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2362</span> Exploiting Kinetic and Kinematic Data to Plot Cyclograms for Managing the Rehabilitation Process of BKAs by Applying Neural Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Parisi">L. Parisi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kinematic data wisely correlate vector quantities in space to scalar parameters in time to assess the degree of symmetry between the intact limb and the amputated limb with respect to a normal model derived from the gait of control group participants. Furthermore, these particular data allow a doctor to preliminarily evaluate the usefulness of a certain rehabilitation therapy. Kinetic curves allow the analysis of ground reaction forces (GRFs) to assess the appropriateness of human motion. Electromyography (EMG) allows the analysis of the fundamental lower limb force contributions to quantify the level of gait asymmetry. However, the use of this technological tool is expensive and requires patient’s hospitalization. This research work suggests overcoming the above limitations by applying artificial neural networks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetics" title="kinetics">kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinematics" title=" kinematics"> kinematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclograms" title=" cyclograms"> cyclograms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transtibial%20amputation" title=" transtibial amputation"> transtibial amputation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14650/exploiting-kinetic-and-kinematic-data-to-plot-cyclograms-for-managing-the-rehabilitation-process-of-bkas-by-applying-neural-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14650.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2361</span> Effective Virtual Tunnel Shape for Motion Modification in Upper-Limb Perception-Assist with a Power-Assist Robot</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuo%20Kiguchi">Kazuo Kiguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kouta%20Ikegami"> Kouta Ikegami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the case of physically weak persons, not only motor abilities, but also sensory abilities are sometimes deteriorated. The concept of perception-assist has been proposed to assist the sensory ability of the physically weak persons with a power-assist robot. Since upper-limb motion is very important in daily living, perception-assist for upper-limb motion has been proposed to assist upper-limb motion in daily living. A virtual tunnel was applied to modify the user’s upper-limb motion if it was necessary. In this paper, effective shape of the virtual tunnel which is applied in the perception-assist for upper-limb motion is proposed. Not only the position of the grasped tool but also the angle of the grasped tool are modified if it is necessary. Therefore, the upper-limb motion in daily living can be effectively modified to realize certain proper daily motion. The effectiveness of the proposed virtual tunnel was evaluated by performing the experiments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motion%20modification" title="motion modification">motion modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power-assist%20robots" title=" power-assist robots"> power-assist robots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception-assist" title=" perception-assist"> perception-assist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upper-limb%20motion" title=" upper-limb motion"> upper-limb motion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53101/effective-virtual-tunnel-shape-for-motion-modification-in-upper-limb-perception-assist-with-a-power-assist-robot" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53101.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2360</span> Assessment of Hamstring, Lower Back and Upper Body Flexibility in War Disabled Individuals in Sri Lanka North and East Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esther%20Liyanage">Esther Liyanage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indrajith%20Liyanage"> Indrajith Liyanage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20J.%20Rajaratne"> A. A. J. Rajaratne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the 30 year civil war in Sri Lanka, a large number of individuals were injured and disabled. These disabilities have reduced their daily physical activities which may cause reduction in flexibility of upper limb, shoulder girdle, lower back and lower limb. Muscle flexibility is important for a healthy lifestyle. The main objective of the study was to assess the upper limb, shoulder girdle and lower back, hamstring flexibility of the intact lower limb in disabled individuals in the North and Eastern parts of Sri Lanka. Back saver sits and reach test and shoulder scratch test described in FITNESS GRAM was used in the study. A total of 125 disabled soldiers with lower limb disabilities were recruited for the study. Flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles of uninjured lower limb was measured using back saver sit and reach test described by Wells and Dillon (1952). Upper limb and shoulder girdle flexibility was assessed using shoulder stretch test. Score 0-3 was given according to the ability to reach Superior medial angle of the opposite scapula, top of the head or the mouth. The results indicate that 31 (24.8%) disabled soldiers have lower limb flexibility less than 8, 2 (1.6 % ) have flexibility of 8, 2 (1.6 %) have flexibility of 8.5, 11 ( 8.8% ) have flexibility of 9, 14 (11.2 %) have flexibility of 9.5, 23 (18.4 %) have flexibility of 10, 17 (13.6 %) have 10.5 flexibility, 13 (10.4%) have 11 flexibility, 2 (1.6%) have 11.5 flexibility, 10 (8 %) have flexibility of 12 and 3 (2.34 %) have flexibility of 12.5. Six disabled soldiers (4.8%) have upper limb flexibility of 2 and remaining 95.2% have normal upper limb flexibility (score 3). A reduction in the flexibility of muscles in lower body and lower limbs was seen in 25% disabled soldiers which could be due to reduction in their daily physical activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disability" title="disability">disability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexibility" title=" flexibility"> flexibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title=" quality of life"> quality of life</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14964/assessment-of-hamstring-lower-back-and-upper-body-flexibility-in-war-disabled-individuals-in-sri-lanka-north-and-east-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2359</span> The Existence of a Sciatic Artery in Congenital Lower Limb Deformities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waseem%20Al%20Talalwah">Waseem Al Talalwah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shorok%20Al%20Dorazi"> Shorok Al Dorazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roger%20Soames"> Roger Soames</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Persistent sciatic artery is a rare anatomical vascular variation resulting from a lack of regression of the embryonic dorsal axial artery. The axial artery is the main artery supplying the lower limb during development in the first trimester. The current research includes 206 sciatic artery cases in 171 patients between 1864 and 2012. It aims to identify the risk factor of sciatic artery aneurysm in congenital limb anomalies. Sciatic artery aneurysm was diagnosed incidentally in amniotic band syndrome (ABS) existing with no congenital anomaly in 0.7% or with double knee in 0.7%, with the tibia in 0.7% and with hemihypertrophy or soft tissue hypertrophy in 1.4%. Therefore, the current study indicates a relationship the same gene responsible for the congenital limb deformities may be responsible for non-regression of the sciatic artery. Furthermore, pediatricians should refer cases of congenital limb anomalies for vascular evaluation prior to corrective surgical intervention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amniotic%20band%20syndrome" title="amniotic band syndrome">amniotic band syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congenital%20limb%20deformities" title=" congenital limb deformities"> congenital limb deformities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20knee" title=" double knee"> double knee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sciatic%20artery" title=" sciatic artery"> sciatic artery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sciatic%20artery%20aneurysm" title=" sciatic artery aneurysm "> sciatic artery aneurysm </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20tissue%20hypertrophy" title=" soft tissue hypertrophy"> soft tissue hypertrophy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76477/the-existence-of-a-sciatic-artery-in-congenital-lower-limb-deformities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2358</span> Model Free Terminal Sliding Mode with Gravity Compensation: Application to an Exoskeleton-Upper Limb System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sana%20Bembli">Sana Bembli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahla%20Khraief%20Haddad"> Nahla Khraief Haddad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safya%20Belghith"> Safya Belghith</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with a robust model free terminal sliding mode with gravity compensation approach used to control an exoskeleton-upper limb system. The considered system is a 2-DoF robot in interaction with an upper limb used for rehabilitation. The aim of this paper is to control the flexion/extension movement of the shoulder and the elbow joints in presence of matched disturbances. In the first part, we present the exoskeleton-upper limb system modeling. Then, we controlled the considered system by the model free terminal sliding mode with gravity compensation. A stability study is realized. To prove the controller performance, a robustness analysis was needed. Simulation results are provided to confirm the robustness of the gravity compensation combined with to the Model free terminal sliding mode in presence of uncertainties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exoskeleton-%20upper%20limb%20system" title="exoskeleton- upper limb system">exoskeleton- upper limb system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20free%20terminal%20sliding%20mode" title=" model free terminal sliding mode"> model free terminal sliding mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20compensation" title=" gravity compensation"> gravity compensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness%20analysis" title=" robustness analysis"> robustness analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129467/model-free-terminal-sliding-mode-with-gravity-compensation-application-to-an-exoskeleton-upper-limb-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129467.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2357</span> Creating a Virtual Perception for Upper Limb Rehabilitation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nina%20Robson">Nina Robson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenneth%20John%20Faller%20II"> Kenneth John Faller II</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishalkumar%20Ahir"> Vishalkumar Ahir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arthur%20Ricardo%20Deps%20Miguel%20Ferreira"> Arthur Ricardo Deps Miguel Ferreira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Buchanan"> John Buchanan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amarnath%20Banerjee"> Amarnath Banerjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes the development of a virtual-reality system ARWED, which will be used in physical rehabilitation of patients with reduced upper extremity mobility to increase limb Active Range of Motion (AROM). The ARWED system performs a symmetric reflection and real-time mapping of the patient’s healthy limb on to their most affected limb, tapping into the mirror neuron system and facilitating the initial learning phase. Using the ARWED, future experiments will test the extension of the action-observation priming effect linked to the mirror-neuron system on healthy subjects and then stroke patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20rehabilitation" title="physical rehabilitation">physical rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mirror%20neuron" title=" mirror neuron"> mirror neuron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality" title=" virtual reality"> virtual reality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stroke%20therapy" title=" stroke therapy"> stroke therapy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60548/creating-a-virtual-perception-for-upper-limb-rehabilitation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60548.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2356</span> Quantification of Learned Non-Use of the Upper-Limb After a Stroke</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20K.%20A.%20Bakhti">K. K. A. Bakhti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Mottet"> D. Mottet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Froger"> J. Froger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Laffont"> I. Laffont</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: After a cerebrovascular accident (or stroke), many patients use excessive trunk movements to move their paretic hand towards a target (while the elbow is maintained flexed) even though they can use the upper-limb when the trunk is restrained. This phenomenon is labelled learned non-use and is known to be detrimental to neuroplasticity and recovery. Objective: The aim of this study is to quantify learned non-use of the paretic upper limb during a hand reaching task using 3D movement analysis. Methods: Thirty-four participants post supratentorial stroke were asked to reach a cone placed in front of them at 80% of their arm length. The reaching movement was repeated 5 times with the paretic hand, and then 5 times with the less-impaired hand. This sequence was first performed with the trunk free, then with the trunk restrained. Learned non-use of the upper-limb (LNUUL) was obtained from the difference of the amount of trunk compensation between the free trunk condition and the restrained trunk condition. Results: LNUUL was significantly higher for the paretic hand, with individual values ranging from 1% to 43%, and one-half of the patients with an LNUUL higher than 15%. Conclusions: Quantification of LNUUL can be used to objectively diagnose patients who need trunk rehabilitation. It can be also used for monitoring the rehabilitation progress. Quantification of LNUUL may guide upper-limb rehabilitation towards more optimal motor recovery avoiding maladaptive trunk compensation and its consequences on neuroplasticity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learned%20non-use" title="learned non-use">learned non-use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stroke" title=" stroke"> stroke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upper%20limb" title=" upper limb"> upper limb</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32555/quantification-of-learned-non-use-of-the-upper-limb-after-a-stroke" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32555.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2355</span> Study of Human Upper Arm Girth during Elbow Isokinetic Contractions Based on a Smart Circumferential Measuring System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xi%20Wang">Xi Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoming%20Tao"> Xiaoming Tao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raymond%20C.%20H.%20So"> Raymond C. H. So</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As one of the convenient and noninvasive sensing approaches, the automatic limb girth measurement has been applied to detect intention behind human motion from muscle deformation. The sensing validity has been elaborated by preliminary researches but still need more fundamental study, especially on kinetic contraction modes. Based on the novel fabric strain sensors, a soft and smart limb girth measurement system was developed by the authors’ group, which can measure the limb girth in-motion. Experiments were carried out on elbow isometric flexion and elbow isokinetic flexion (biceps’ isokinetic contractions) of 90°/s, 60°/s, and 120°/s for 10 subjects (2 canoeists and 8 ordinary people). After removal of natural circumferential increments due to elbow position, the joint torque is found not uniformly sensitive to the limb circumferential strains, but declining as elbow joint angle rises, regardless of the angular speed. Moreover, the maximum joint torque was found as an exponential function of the joint’s angular speed. This research highly contributes to the application of the automatic limb girth measuring during kinetic contractions, and it is useful to predict the contraction level of voluntary skeletal muscles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fabric%20strain%20sensor" title="fabric strain sensor">fabric strain sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20deformation" title=" muscle deformation"> muscle deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isokinetic%20contraction" title=" isokinetic contraction"> isokinetic contraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joint%20torque" title=" joint torque"> joint torque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limb%20girth%20strain" title=" limb girth strain"> limb girth strain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39596/study-of-human-upper-arm-girth-during-elbow-isokinetic-contractions-based-on-a-smart-circumferential-measuring-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39596.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2354</span> An Extremely Rare Anatomical Vascular Variant of Lower Limb Arterial System - Duplication of Superficial Femoral Artery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manik%20Sharma">Manik Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding the anatomy and normal anatomical variations of the lower limb arterial system is undeniably important not only to understand the pathology involving the vessels of the lower limb but also as a part of endovascular intervention and surgical planning in cases that demand them as a part of treatment. There have been very few cases of duplication of SFA cited in the literature, close to six worldwide and this being the seventh case in the world and first to be reported in the Indian population. We incidentally came across this normal variant during US lower limb (US-LL) duplex scan in a patient with claudicating pain in bilateral lower limbs hence suspected of having peripheral vascular disease. It was confirmed on CT-Peripheral Angiography (CT-PA), which was done successively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peripheral%20vascular%20disease" title="peripheral vascular disease">peripheral vascular disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=claudicating%20pain" title=" claudicating pain"> claudicating pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normal%20anatomical%20variants" title=" normal anatomical variants"> normal anatomical variants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endovascular%20intervention" title=" endovascular intervention"> endovascular intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=duplication" title=" duplication"> duplication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CT-peripheral%20angiography" title=" CT-peripheral angiography"> CT-peripheral angiography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=duplex%20scan" title=" duplex scan"> duplex scan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iohexol" title=" Iohexol"> Iohexol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143749/an-extremely-rare-anatomical-vascular-variant-of-lower-limb-arterial-system-duplication-of-superficial-femoral-artery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143749.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2353</span> 3D Design of Orthotic Braces and Casts in Medical Applications Using Microsoft Kinect Sensor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjana%20S.%20Mallya">Sanjana S. Mallya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roshan%20Arvind%20Sivakumar"> Roshan Arvind Sivakumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Orthotics is the branch of medicine that deals with the provision and use of artificial casts or braces to alter the biomechanical structure of the limb and provide support for the limb. Custom-made orthoses provide more comfort and can correct issues better than those available over-the-counter. However, they are expensive and require intricate modelling of the limb. Traditional methods of modelling involve creating a plaster of Paris mould of the limb. Lately, CAD/CAM and 3D printing processes have improved the accuracy and reduced the production time. Ordinarily, digital cameras are used to capture the features of the limb from different views to create a 3D model. We propose a system to model the limb using Microsoft Kinect2 sensor. The Kinect can capture RGB and depth frames simultaneously up to 30 fps with sufficient accuracy. The region of interest is captured from three views, each shifted by 90 degrees. The RGB and depth data are fused into a single RGB-D frame. The resolution of the RGB frame is 1920px x 1080px while the resolution of the Depth frame is 512px x 424px. As the resolution of the frames is not equal, RGB pixels are mapped onto the Depth pixels to make sure data is not lost even if the resolution is lower. The resulting RGB-D frames are collected and using the depth coordinates, a three dimensional point cloud is generated for each view of the Kinect sensor. A common reference system was developed to merge the individual point clouds from the Kinect sensors. The reference system consisted of 8 coloured cubes, connected by rods to form a skeleton-cube with the coloured cubes at the corners. For each Kinect, the region of interest is the square formed by the centres of the four cubes facing the Kinect. The point clouds are merged by considering one of the cubes as the origin of a reference system. Depending on the relative distance from each cube, the three dimensional coordinate points from each point cloud is aligned to the reference frame to give a complete point cloud. The RGB data is used to correct for any errors in depth data for the point cloud. A triangular mesh is generated from the point cloud by applying Delaunay triangulation which generates the rough surface of the limb. This technique forms an approximation of the surface of the limb. The mesh is smoothened to obtain a smooth outer layer to give an accurate model of the limb. The model of the limb is used as a base for designing the custom orthotic brace or cast. It is transferred to a CAD/CAM design file to design of the brace above the surface of the limb. The proposed system would be more cost effective than current systems that use MRI or CT scans for generating 3D models and would be quicker than using traditional plaster of Paris cast modelling and the overall setup time is also low. Preliminary results indicate that the accuracy of the Kinect2 is satisfactory to perform modelling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3d%20scanning" title="3d scanning">3d scanning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesh%20generation" title=" mesh generation"> mesh generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Microsoft%20kinect" title=" Microsoft kinect"> Microsoft kinect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthotics" title=" orthotics"> orthotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=registration" title=" registration"> registration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85992/3d-design-of-orthotic-braces-and-casts-in-medical-applications-using-microsoft-kinect-sensor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2352</span> The Effect of Body Positioning on Upper-Limb Arterial Occlusion Pressure and the Reliability of the Method during Blood Flow Restriction Training</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefanos%20Karanasios">Stefanos Karanasios</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charkleia%20Koutri"> Charkleia Koutri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Moutzouri"> Maria Moutzouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofia%20A.%20Xergia"> Sofia A. Xergia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vasiliki%20Sakellari"> Vasiliki Sakellari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Gioftsos"> George Gioftsos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The precise calculation of arterial occlusive pressure (AOP) is a critical step to accurately prescribe individualized pressures during blood flow restriction training (BFRT). AOP is usually measured in a supine position before training; however, previous reports suggested a significant influence in lower limb AOP across different body positions. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of three different body positions on upper limb AOP and the reliability of the method for its standardization in clinical practice. Forty-two healthy participants (Mean age: 28.1, SD: ±7.7) underwent measurements of upper limb AOP in supine, seated, and standing positions by three blinded raters. A cuff with a manual pump and a pocket doppler ultrasound were used. A significantly higher upper limb AOP was found in seated compared with supine position (p < 0.031) and in supine compared with standing position (p < 0.031) by all raters. An excellent intraclass correlation coefficient (0.858- 0.984, p < 0.001) was found in all positions. Upper limb AOP is strongly dependent on body position changes. The appropriate measurement position should be selected to accurately calculate AOP before BFRT. The excellent inter-rater reliability and repeatability of the method suggest reliable and consistent results across repeated measurements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaatsu%20training" title="Kaatsu training">Kaatsu training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20flow%20restriction%20training" title=" blood flow restriction training"> blood flow restriction training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arterial%20occlusion" title=" arterial occlusion"> arterial occlusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132803/the-effect-of-body-positioning-on-upper-limb-arterial-occlusion-pressure-and-the-reliability-of-the-method-during-blood-flow-restriction-training" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132803.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">212</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2351</span> Modified Norhaya Upper Limp Elevation Sling-Quick Approach Ensuring Timely Limb Elevation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem">Prem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhaya"> Norhaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vwrene%20C."> Vwrene C.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Harris%20A."> Mohammad Harris A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amarjit"> Amarjit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazir%20M."> Fazir M.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Upper limb surgery is a common orthopedic procedure. After surgery, it is necessary to raise the patient's arm to reduce limb swelling and promote recovery. After an injury or surgery, swelling (edema) in the limbs is common. This swelling can be painful, cause stiffness, and affect movement and ability to do daily activities. One of the easiest ways to manage swelling is to elevate the swollen limb. The goal is to elevate the swollen limb slightly above the level of the heart. This helps the extra fluid move back towards the heart for circulation to the rest of the body. Conventional arm sling or pillows are usually placed under the arm to raise it, but in this way the arm cannot be fixed well and easily slide down, without ideal raising effect. Conventional arm sling need experience to tie the sling and this delay in the application process. To reduce the waiting time and cost, modified Norhaya upper limb elevation sling was designed and made readily available. The sling is made from calico fabric, readily available in the ward. Measurements of patients’ arm lengths are obtained, and fabric sizes are cut into the average arm lengths, as well as 1 size above and below. The cut calico fabric is then sewn together with thick sewing threads. Its application is easy and junior most staff or doctor will be able to apply it on patient. The time taken to set up the sling is also reduced. Feedback gathered from ground staff regarding ease of setting up the sling was tremendous and patient also feel comfort in the modified Norhaya sling. The device can freely adjust the raising height of the affected limb and effectively fix the affected limb to reduce its swelling, thus promoting recovery. This device is worthy to be clinically popularized and applied. The Modified Norhaya upper limb elevation sling is the quickest to set up and the delay in elevating the patient’s hand is significantly reduced. Moreover, it is reproducible and there is also significant cost savings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elevate" title="elevate">elevate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective" title=" effective"> effective</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sling" title=" sling"> sling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timely" title=" timely"> timely</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143399/modified-norhaya-upper-limp-elevation-sling-quick-approach-ensuring-timely-limb-elevation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2350</span> Identification of Workplace Hazards of Underground Coal Mines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madiha%20Ijaz">Madiha Ijaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Akram"> Muhammad Akram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sima%20Mir"> Sima Mir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Underground mining of coal is carried out manually in Pakistan. Exposure to ergonomic hazards (musculoskeletal disorders) are very common among the coal cutters of these mines. Cutting coal in narrow spaces poses a great threat to both upper and lower limbs of these workers. To observe the prevalence of such hazards, a thorough study was conducted on 600 workers from 30 mines (20 workers from 1 mine), located in two districts of province Punjab, Pakistan. Rapid Upper Limb Assessment sheet and Rapid Entire Body Assessment sheet were used for the study along with a standard Nordic Musculoskeleton disorder questionnaire. SPSS, 25, software was used for data analysis on upper and lower limb disorders, and regression analysis models were run for upper and lower back pain. According to the results obtained, it was found that work stages (drilling & blasting, coal cutting, timbering & supporting, etc.), wok experience and number of repetitions performed/minute were significant (with p-value 0.00,0.004 and 0.009, respectively) for discomfort in upper and lower limb. Age got p vale 0.00 for upper limb and 0.012 for lower limb disorder. The task of coal cutting was strongly associated with the pain in upper back (with odd ratios13.21, 95% confidence interval (CI)14.0-21.64)) and lower back pain (3.7, 95% confidence interval 1.3-4.2). scored on RULA and REBA sheets, every work-stage was ranked at 7-highest level of risk involved. Workers were young (mean value of age= 28.7 years) with mean BMI 28.1 kg/m2 <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workplace%20hazards" title="workplace hazards">workplace hazards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ergonomic%20disorders" title=" ergonomic disorders"> ergonomic disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limb%20disorders" title=" limb disorders"> limb disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MSDs." title=" MSDs."> MSDs.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157023/identification-of-workplace-hazards-of-underground-coal-mines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157023.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2349</span> Artificial Intelligence Created Inventions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Goodhue">John Goodhue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaonan%20Wei"> Xiaonan Wei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current legal decisions and policies regarding the naming as artificial intelligence as inventor are reviewed with emphasis on the recent decisions by the European Patent Office regarding the DABUS inventions holding that an artificial intelligence machine cannot be an inventor. Next, a set of hypotheticals is introduced and examined to better understand how artificial intelligence might be used to create or assist in creating new inventions and how application of existing or proposed changes in the law would affect the ability to protect these inventions including due to restrictions on artificial intelligence for being named as inventors, ownership of inventions made by artificial intelligence, and the effects on legal standards for inventiveness or obviousness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artificial%20intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title=" innovation"> innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invention" title=" invention"> invention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patent" title=" patent"> patent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121367/artificial-intelligence-created-inventions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121367.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2348</span> A Questionnaire-Based Survey: Therapists Response towards Upper Limb Disorder Learning Tool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Ayuni%20Che%20Zakaria">Noor Ayuni Che Zakaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takashi%20Komeda"> Takashi Komeda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng%20Yee%20Low"> Cheng Yee Low</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaoru%20Inoue"> Kaoru Inoue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazah%20Akhtar%20Hanapiah"> Fazah Akhtar Hanapiah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Previous studies have shown that there are arguments regarding the reliability and validity of the Ashworth and Modified Ashworth Scale towards evaluating patients diagnosed with upper limb disorders. These evaluations depended on the raters’ experiences. This initiated us to develop an upper limb disorder part-task trainer that is able to simulate consistent upper limb disorders, such as spasticity and rigidity signs, based on the Modified Ashworth Scale to improve the variability occurring between raters and intra-raters themselves. By providing consistent signs, novice therapists would be able to increase training frequency and exposure towards various levels of signs. A total of 22 physiotherapists and occupational therapists participated in the study. The majority of the therapists agreed that with current therapy education, they still face problems with inter-raters and intra-raters variability (strongly agree 54%; n = 12/22, agree 27%; n = 6/22) in evaluating patients’ conditions. The therapists strongly agreed (72%; n = 16/22) that therapy trainees needed to increase their frequency of training; therefore believe that our initiative to develop an upper limb disorder training tool will help in improving the clinical education field (strongly agree and agree 63%; n = 14/22). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upper%20limb%20disorder" title="upper limb disorder">upper limb disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20education%20tool" title=" clinical education tool"> clinical education tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inter%2Fintra-raters%20variability" title=" inter/intra-raters variability"> inter/intra-raters variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spasticity" title=" spasticity"> spasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20Ashworth%20scale" title=" modified Ashworth scale "> modified Ashworth scale </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10949/a-questionnaire-based-survey-therapists-response-towards-upper-limb-disorder-learning-tool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10949.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2347</span> Tracking Trajectory of a Cable-Driven Robot for Lower Limb Rehabilitation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hachmia%20Faqihi">Hachmia Faqihi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maarouf%20Saad"> Maarouf Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Benjelloun"> Khalid Benjelloun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Benbrahim"> Mohammed Benbrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Nabil%20Kabbaj"> M. Nabil Kabbaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates and presents a cable-driven robot to lower limb rehabilitation use in sagittal plane. The presented rehabilitation robot is used for a trajectory tracking in joint space. The paper covers kinematic and dynamic analysis, which reveals the tensionability of the used cables as being the actuating source to provide a rehabilitation exercises of the human leg. The desired trajectory is generated to be used in the control system design in joint space. The obtained simulation results is showed to be efficient in this kind of application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable-driven%20multi-body%20system" title="cable-driven multi-body system">cable-driven multi-body system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computed-torque%20controller" title=" computed-torque controller"> computed-torque controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lower%20limb%20rehabilitation" title=" lower limb rehabilitation"> lower limb rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracking%20trajectory" title=" tracking trajectory"> tracking trajectory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50711/tracking-trajectory-of-a-cable-driven-robot-for-lower-limb-rehabilitation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50711.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2346</span> Increasing Access to Upper Limb Reconstruction in Cervical Spinal Cord Injury</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michelle%20Jennett">Michelle Jennett</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jana%20Dengler"> Jana Dengler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maytal%20Perlman"> Maytal Perlman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event that results in upper limb paralysis, loss of independence, and disability. People living with cervical SCI have identified improvement of upper limb function as a top priority. Nerve and tendon transfer surgery has successfully restored upper limb function in cervical SCI but is not universally used or available to all eligible individuals. This exploratory mixed-methods study used an implementation science approach to better understand these factors that influence access to upper limb reconstruction in the Canadian context and design an intervention to increase access to care. Methods: Data from the Canadian Institute for Health Information’s Discharge Abstracts Database (CIHI-DAD) and the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (NACRS) were used to determine the annual rate of nerve transfer and tendon transfer surgeries performed in cervical SCI in Canada over the last 15 years. Semi-structured interviews informed by the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR) were used to explore Ontario healthcare provider knowledge and practices around upper limb reconstruction. An inductive, iterative constant comparative process involving descriptive and interpretive analyses was used to identify themes that emerged from the data. Results: Healthcare providers (n = 10 upper extremity surgeons, n = 10 SCI physiatrists, n = 12 physical and occupational therapists working with individuals with SCI) were interviewed about their knowledge and perceptions of upper limb reconstruction and their current practices and discussions around upper limb reconstruction. Data analysis is currently underway and will be presented. Regional variation in rates of upper limb reconstruction and trends over time are also currently being analyzed. Conclusions: Utilization of nerve and tendon transfer surgery to improve upper limb reconstruction in Canada remains low. There are a complex array of interrelated individual-, provider- and system-level barriers that prevent individuals with cervical SCI from accessing upper limb reconstruction. In order to offer equitable access to care, a multi-modal approach addressing current barriers is required. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cervical%20spinal%20cord%20injury" title="cervical spinal cord injury">cervical spinal cord injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nerve%20and%20tendon%20transfer%20surgery" title=" nerve and tendon transfer surgery"> nerve and tendon transfer surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spinal%20cord%20injury" title=" spinal cord injury"> spinal cord injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upper%20extremity%20reconstruction" title=" upper extremity reconstruction"> upper extremity reconstruction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137972/increasing-access-to-upper-limb-reconstruction-in-cervical-spinal-cord-injury" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137972.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2345</span> Nutrient Foramina in the Shaft of Long Bones of Upper Limb</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madala%20Venkateswara%20Rao">Madala Venkateswara Rao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The major blood supply to the long bones occurs through the nutrient arteries, which enters through the nutrient foramina. This is the study of nutrient Foramina in the shaft of upper limb long bones taken from the department of Anatomy at Narayana medical college nellore. Nutrient foramina play an important role in nutrition and growth of the bones. Most of the nutrient arteries follow the rule, 'to the elbow I go, from the knee I flee' but they are very variable in position. Their number, location, direction & its importance in the growing end of long bones were studied in the long bones of upper limb. The present study has variations in the position & direction of long bones especially in the radius & ulna, as most of the nutrient foramina are found in anterior surface of upper 1/3rd and middle 1/3rd of these bones. The study of nutrient foramina is not only of academic interest but also in medico-legal practice in relation to their position. Careful observation has also been made on the position of nutrient foramina in relation to upper end of long bones. This study also gives importance of length long bones to know the height of an individual. With the knowledge of variations in the nutrient foramen, placement of internal fixation devices can be appropriately done. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20artery" title="nutrient artery">nutrient artery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20foramina" title=" nutrient foramina"> nutrient foramina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shaft%20of%20long%20bones" title=" shaft of long bones"> shaft of long bones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upper%20limb%20bones" title=" upper limb bones"> upper limb bones</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42312/nutrient-foramina-in-the-shaft-of-long-bones-of-upper-limb" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">502</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2344</span> Comparison of Gait Variability in Individuals with Trans-Tibial and Trans-Femoral Lower Limb Loss: A Pilot Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hilal%20Keklicek">Hilal Keklicek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatih%20Erbahceci"> Fatih Erbahceci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elif%20Kirdi"> Elif Kirdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Yalcin"> Ali Yalcin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Semra%20Topuz"> Semra Topuz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ozlem%20Ulger"> Ozlem Ulger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gul%20Sener"> Gul Sener</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives and Goals: The stride-to-stride fluctuations in gait is a determinant of qualified locomotion as known as gait variability. Gait variability is an important predictive factor of fall risk and useful for monitoring the effects of therapeutic interventions and rehabilitation. Comparison of gait variability in individuals with trans-tibial lower limb loss and trans femoral lower limb loss was the aim of the study. Methods: Ten individuals with traumatic unilateral trans femoral limb loss(TF), 12 individuals with traumatic transtibial lower limb loss(TT) and 12 healthy individuals(HI) were the participants of the study. All participants were evaluated with treadmill. Gait characteristics including mean step length, step length variability, ambulation index, time on each foot of participants were evaluated with treadmill. Participants were walked at their preferred speed for six minutes. Data from 4th minutes to 6th minutes were selected for statistical analyses to eliminate learning effect. Results: There were differences between the groups in intact limb step length variation, time on each foot, ambulation index and mean age (p < .05) according to the Kruskal Wallis Test. Pairwise analyses showed that there were differences between the TT and TF in residual limb variation (p=.041), time on intact foot (p=.024), time on prosthetic foot(p=.024), ambulation index(p = .003) in favor of TT group. There were differences between the TT and HI group in intact limb variation (p = .002), time on intact foot (p<.001), time on prosthetic foot (p < .001), ambulation index result (p < .001) in favor of HI group. There were differences between the TF and HI group in intact limb variation (p = .001), time on intact foot (p=.01) ambulation index result (p < .001) in favor of HI group. There was difference between the groups in mean age result from HI group were younger (p < .05).There were similarity between the groups in step lengths (p>.05) and time of prosthesis using in individuals with lower limb loss (p > .05). Conclusions: The pilot study provided basic data about gait stability in individuals with traumatic lower limb loss. Results of the study showed that to evaluate the gait differences between in different amputation level, long-range gait analyses methods may be useful to get more valuable information. On the other hand, similarity in step length may be resulted from effective prosthetic using or effective gait rehabilitation, in conclusion, all participants with lower limb loss were already trained. The differences between the TT and HI; TF and HI may be resulted from the age related features, therefore, age matched population in HI were recommended future studies. Increasing the number of participants and comparison of age-matched groups also recommended to generalize these result. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lower%20limb%20loss" title="lower limb loss">lower limb loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amputee" title=" amputee"> amputee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gait%20variability" title=" gait variability"> gait variability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gait%20analyses" title=" gait analyses"> gait analyses</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62682/comparison-of-gait-variability-in-individuals-with-trans-tibial-and-trans-femoral-lower-limb-loss-a-pilot-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62682.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2343</span> F-IVT Actuation System to Power Artificial Knee Joint</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al%C3%B2%20Roberta">Alò Roberta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bottiglione%20Francesco"> Bottiglione Francesco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mantriota%20Giacomo"> Mantriota Giacomo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The efficiency of the actuation system of lower limb exoskeletons and of active orthoses is a significant aspect of the design of such devices because it affects their efficacy. F-IVT is an innovative actuation system to power artificial knee joint with energy recovery capabilities. Its key and non-conventional elements are a flywheel, that acts as a mechanical energy storage system, and an Infinitely Variable Transmission (IVT). The design of the F-IVT can be optimized for a certain walking condition, resulting in a heavy reduction of both the electric energy consumption and of the electric peak power. In this work, by means of simulations of level ground walking at different speeds, it is demonstrated how F-IVT is still an advantageous actuator, even when it does not work in nominal conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20orthoses" title="active orthoses">active orthoses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actuators" title=" actuators"> actuators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lower%20extremity%20exoskeletons" title=" lower extremity exoskeletons"> lower extremity exoskeletons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knee%20joint" title=" knee joint"> knee joint</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19855/f-ivt-actuation-system-to-power-artificial-knee-joint" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19855.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">601</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2342</span> Botulinum Toxin type A for Lower Limb Lengthening and Deformity Correction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jawaher%20F.%20Alsharef">Jawaher F. Alsharef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20A.%20Ghaddaf"> Abdullah A. Ghaddaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20S.%20Alomari"> Mohammed S. Alomari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20A.%20Al%20Qurashi"> Abdullah A. Al Qurashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20S.%20Abdulhamid"> Ahmed S. Abdulhamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20S.%20Alshehri"> Mohammed S. Alshehri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majed%20Alosaimi"> Majed Alosaimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is the most popular therapeutic agent for muscle relaxation and pain control. Lately, BTX-A injection received great interest as a part of multimodal pain management for lower limb lengthening and deformity correction. This systematic review aimed to determine the role of BTX-A injection in pain management for during lower limb lengthening and/or deformity correction. We searched Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the BTX-A injection to placebo for individuals undergoing lower limb lengthening and/or deformity correction. We sought to evaluate the following outcomes: pain on visual analogue scale (VAS), range of motion parameters, average opioid consumption, and adverse events. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to represent continuous outcomes while risk ratio (RR) was used to represent dichotomous outcomes. A total of 4 RCTs that enrolled 257 participants (337 limbs) deemed eligible. Adjuvant BTX-A injection showed a significant reduction in post-operative pain compared to placebo (SMD=–0.28, 95% CI –0.53 to –0.04). No difference was found between BTX-A injection and placebo in terms of range of motion parameters, average opioid consumption, or adverse events after surgical limb lengthening and/or deformity correction (RR= 0.77, 95% CI –0.58 to 1.03). Conclusions: Adjuvant BTX-A injection conferred a discernible reduction in post-operative pain during surgical limb lengthening and/or deformity without increasing the risk of adverse events. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=botulinum%20toxin%20type%20A" title="botulinum toxin type A">botulinum toxin type A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limb%20lengthening" title=" limb lengthening"> limb lengthening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distraction%20osteogenesis" title=" distraction osteogenesis"> distraction osteogenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformity%20correction" title=" deformity correction"> deformity correction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20management" title=" pain management"> pain management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151436/botulinum-toxin-type-a-for-lower-limb-lengthening-and-deformity-correction-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2341</span> Parametric Study of Ball and Socket Joint for Bio-Mimicking Exoskeleton</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukesh%20Roy">Mukesh Roy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basant%20Singh%20Sikarwar"> Basant Singh Sikarwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravi%20Prakash"> Ravi Prakash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priya%20Ranjan"> Priya Ranjan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayush%20Goyal"> Ayush Goyal </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> More than 11% of people suffer from weakness in the bone resulting in inability in walking or climbing stairs or from limited upper body and limb immobility. This motivates a fresh bio-mimicking solution to the design of an exo-skeleton to support human movement in the case of partial or total immobility either due to congenital or genetic factors or due to some accident or due to geratological factors. A deeper insight and detailed understanding is required into the workings of the ball and socket joints. Our research is to mimic ball and socket joints to design snugly fitting exoskeletons. Our objective is to design an exoskeleton which is comfortable and the presence of which is not felt if not in use. Towards this goal, a parametric study is conducted to provide detailed design parameters to fabricate an exoskeleton. This work builds up on real data of the design of the exoskeleton, so that the designed exo-skeleton will be able to provide required strength and support to the subject. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-mimicking" title="bio-mimicking">bio-mimicking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exoskeleton" title=" exoskeleton"> exoskeleton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball%20joint" title=" ball joint"> ball joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socket%20joint" title=" socket joint"> socket joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20limb" title=" artificial limb"> artificial limb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patient%20rehabilitation" title=" patient rehabilitation"> patient rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joints" title=" joints"> joints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human-machine%20interface" title=" human-machine interface"> human-machine interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wearable%20robotics" title=" wearable robotics"> wearable robotics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37015/parametric-study-of-ball-and-socket-joint-for-bio-mimicking-exoskeleton" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37015.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2340</span> Optimal Mother Wavelet Function for Shoulder Muscles of Upper Limb Amputees</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amanpreet%20Kaur">Amanpreet Kaur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wavelet transform (WT) is a powerful statistical tool used in applied mathematics for signal and image processing. The different mother, wavelet basis function, has been compared to select the optimal wavelet function that represents the electromyogram signal characteristics of upper limb amputees. Four different EMG electrode has placed on different location of shoulder muscles. Twenty one wavelet functions from different wavelet families were investigated. These functions included Daubechies (db1-db10), Symlets (sym1-sym5), Coiflets (coif1-coif5) and Discrete Meyer. Using mean square error value, the significance of the mother wavelet functions has been determined for teres, pectorals, and infraspinatus around shoulder muscles. The results show that the best mother wavelet is the db3 from the Daubechies family for efficient classification of the signal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daubechies" title="Daubechies">Daubechies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upper%20limb%20amputation" title=" upper limb amputation"> upper limb amputation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shoulder%20muscles" title=" shoulder muscles"> shoulder muscles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Symlets" title=" Symlets"> Symlets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Coiflets" title=" Coiflets"> Coiflets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103654/optimal-mother-wavelet-function-for-shoulder-muscles-of-upper-limb-amputees" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2339</span> A Study of Anthropometric Correlation between Upper and Lower Limb Dimensions in Sudanese Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Altayeb%20Abdalla%20Ahmed">Altayeb Abdalla Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Skeletal phenotype is a product of a balanced interaction between genetics and environmental factors throughout different life stages. Therefore, interlimb proportions are variable between populations. Although interlimb proportion indices have been used in anthropology in assessing the influence of various environmental factors on limbs, an extensive literature review revealed that there is a paucity of published research assessing interlimb part correlations and possibility of reconstruction. Hence, this study aims to assess the relationships between upper and lower limb parts and develop regression formulae to reconstruct the parts from one another. The left upper arm length, ulnar length, wrist breadth, hand length, hand breadth, tibial length, bimalleolar breadth, foot length, and foot breadth of 376 right-handed subjects, comprising 187 males and 189 females (aged 25-35 years), were measured. Initially, the data were analyzed using basic univariate analysis and independent t-tests; then sex-specific simple and multiple linear regression models were used to estimate upper limb parts from lower limb parts and vice-versa. The results of this study indicated significant sexual dimorphism for all variables. The results indicated a significant correlation between the upper and lower limbs parts (p < 0.01). Linear and multiple (stepwise) regression equations were developed to reconstruct the limb parts in the presence of a single or multiple dimension(s) from the other limb. Multiple stepwise regression equations generated better reconstructions than simple equations. These results are significant in forensics as it can aid in identification of multiple isolated limb parts particularly during mass disasters and criminal dismemberment. Although a DNA analysis is the most reliable tool for identification, its usage has multiple limitations in undeveloped countries, e.g., cost, facility availability, and trained personnel. Furthermore, it has important implication in plastic and orthopedic reconstructive surgeries. This study is the only reported study assessing the correlation and prediction capabilities between many of the upper and lower dimensions. The present study demonstrates a significant correlation between the interlimb parts in both sexes, which indicates a possibility to reconstruction using regression equations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropometry" title="anthropometry">anthropometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation" title=" correlation"> correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limb" title=" limb"> limb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudanese" title=" Sudanese"> Sudanese</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25051/a-study-of-anthropometric-correlation-between-upper-and-lower-limb-dimensions-in-sudanese-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2338</span> The Effects of Kicking Leg Preference on the Bilateral Balance Ability Asymmetries in Collegian Football Players</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Yildiz">Mehmet Yildiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Kale"> Mehmet Kale</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The primary aim of the present study was to identify the bilateral balance asymmetries when comparing the dominant (DL) vs. the non-dominant leg (NDL) in the collegian soccer players. The secondary aim was to compare the inter-limb asymmetry index (ASI) when differentiating by kicking preference (right-dominant vs. left-dominant). 34 right-dominant leg (RightDL) (age:21.12±1.85, height:174.50±5.18, weight:69.42±6.86) and 23 left-dominant leg (LeftDL), (age:21.70±2.03, height:176.2±6.27, weight:68.73±5.96) collegian football players were tested for bilateral static and dynamic balance. Balance ability was assessed by measuring centre of pressure deviation on a single leg. Single leg static and dynamic balance scores and inter-limb asymmetry index (ASI) were determined. Student t tests were used for the comparison of dominant and nondominant leg balance scores and RightDL and LeftDL football players’ inter-limb asymmetry index of the balance scores. The results showed that there were significant differences in the dynamic balance scores in favour of the nondominant leg, (DL:738±211 vs. NDL:606±226, p < 0.01). Also, it has been seen that LeftDL players have significantly higher inter-limb asymmetry index when compared with rightDL players for both static (rightDL:-7.07±94.91 vs. leftDL:-183.19±354.05, p < 0.01) and dynamic (rightDL: 1.73±49.65 vs. leftDL:27.08±23.34, p < 0.05) balance scores. In conclusion, bilateral dynamic balance asymmetries may be affected using single leg predominantly in the mobilization workouts. Because of having higher inter-limb asymmetry index, left-dominant leg players may be screened and trained to minimize balance asymmetry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilateral%20balance" title="bilateral balance">bilateral balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetries" title=" asymmetries"> asymmetries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dominant%20leg" title=" dominant leg"> dominant leg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leg%20preference" title=" leg preference"> leg preference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56896/the-effects-of-kicking-leg-preference-on-the-bilateral-balance-ability-asymmetries-in-collegian-football-players" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2337</span> Description of the Non-Iterative Learning Algorithm of Artificial Neuron</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20S.%20Akhmetov">B. S. Akhmetov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20T.%20Akhmetova"> S. T. Akhmetova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20I.%20Ivanov"> A. I. Ivanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20S.%20Kartbayev"> T. S. Kartbayev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Y.%20Malygin"> A. Y. Malygin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The problem of training of a network of artificial neurons in biometric appendices is that this process has to be completely automatic, i.e. the person operator should not participate in it. Therefore, this article discusses the issues of training the network of artificial neurons and the description of the non-iterative learning algorithm of artificial neuron. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neuron" title="artificial neuron">artificial neuron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biometrics" title=" biometrics"> biometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biometrical%20applications" title=" biometrical applications"> biometrical applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20of%20neuron" title=" learning of neuron"> learning of neuron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-iterative%20algorithm" title=" non-iterative algorithm"> non-iterative algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19446/description-of-the-non-iterative-learning-algorithm-of-artificial-neuron" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">494</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2336</span> Exoskeleton for Hemiplegic Patients: Mechatronic Approach to Move One Disabled Lower Limb</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaoui%20Hamza">Alaoui Hamza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moutacalli%20Mohamed%20Tarik"> Moutacalli Mohamed Tarik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chebak%20Ahmed"> Chebak Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The number of people suffering from hemiplegia is growing each year. This lower limb disability affects all the aspects of their lives by taking away their autonomy. This implicates their close relatives, as well as the health system to provide the necessary care they need. The integration of exoskeletons in the medical field became a promising solution to resolve this issue. This paper presents an exoskeleton designed to help hemiplegic people get back the sensation and ability of normal walking. For this purpose, three step models have been created. The first step allows a simple forward movement of the leg. The second method is designed to overcome some obstacles in the patient path, and finally the third step model gives the patient total control over the device. Each of the control methods was designed to offer a solution to the challenges that the patients may face during the walking process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ability%20of%20normal%20walking" title="ability of normal walking">ability of normal walking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exoskeleton" title=" exoskeleton"> exoskeleton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemiplegic%20patients" title=" hemiplegic patients"> hemiplegic patients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lower%20limb%20motion-%20mechatronics" title=" lower limb motion- mechatronics"> lower limb motion- mechatronics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129650/exoskeleton-for-hemiplegic-patients-mechatronic-approach-to-move-one-disabled-lower-limb" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129650.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2335</span> Study of Biomechanical Model for Smart Sensor Based Prosthetic Socket Design System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Xu">Wei Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdo%20S.%20Haidar"> Abdo S. Haidar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianxin%20Gao"> Jianxin Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Prosthetic socket is a component that connects the residual limb of an amputee with an artificial prosthesis. It is widely recognized as the most critical component that determines the comfort of a patient when wearing the prosthesis in his/her daily activities. Through the socket, the body weight and its associated dynamic load are distributed and transmitted to the prosthesis during walking, running or climbing. In order to achieve a good-fit socket for an individual amputee, it is essential to obtain the biomechanical properties of the residual limb. In current clinical practices, this is achieved by a touch-and-feel approach which is highly subjective. Although there have been significant advancements in prosthetic technologies such as microprocessor controlled knee and ankle joints in the last decade, the progress in designing a comfortable socket has been rather limited. This means that the current process of socket design is still very time-consuming, and highly dependent on the expertise of the prosthetist. Supported by the state-of-the-art sensor technologies and numerical simulations, a new socket design system is being developed to help prosthetists achieve rapid design of comfortable sockets for above knee amputees. This paper reports the research work related to establishing biomechanical models for socket design. Through numerical simulation using finite element method, comprehensive relationships between pressure on residual limb and socket geometry were established. This allowed local topological adjustment for the socket so as to optimize the pressure distributions across the residual limb. When the full body weight of a patient is exerted on the residual limb, high pressures and shear forces between the residual limb and the socket occur. During numerical simulations, various hyperplastic models, namely Ogden, Yeoh and Mooney-Rivlin, were used, and their effectiveness in representing the biomechanical properties of soft tissues of the residual limb was evaluated. This also involved reverse engineering, which resulted in an optimal representative model under compression test. To validate the simulation results, a range of silicone models were fabricated. They were tested by an indentation device which yielded the force-displacement relationships. Comparisons of results obtained from FEA simulations and experimental tests showed that the Ogden model did not fit well the soft tissue material indentation data, while the Yeoh model gave the best representation of the soft tissue mechanical behavior under indentation. Compared with hyperplastic model, the result showed that elastic model also had significant errors. In addition, normal and shear stress distributions on the surface of the soft tissue model were obtained. The effect of friction in compression testing and the influence of soft tissue stiffness and testing boundary conditions were also analyzed. All these have contributed to the overall goal of designing a good-fit socket for individual above knee amputees. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=above%20knee%20amputee" title="above knee amputee">above knee amputee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20simulation" title=" finite element simulation"> finite element simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperplastic%20model" title=" hyperplastic model"> hyperplastic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prosthetic%20socket" title=" prosthetic socket"> prosthetic socket</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75097/study-of-biomechanical-model-for-smart-sensor-based-prosthetic-socket-design-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2334</span> The Evaluation of Superiority of Foot Local Anesthesia Method in Dairy Cows</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samaneh%20Yavari">Samaneh Yavari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christiane%20Pferrer"> Christiane Pferrer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elisabeth%20Engelke"> Elisabeth Engelke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Starke"> Alexander Starke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juergen%20Rehage"> Juergen Rehage</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Nowadays, bovine limb interventions, especially any claw surgeries, raises selection of the most qualified and appropriate local anesthesia technique applicable for any superficial or deep interventions of the limbs. Currently, two local anesthesia methods of Intravenous Regional Anesthesia (IVRA), as well as Nerve Blocks, have been routine to apply. However, the lack of studies investigating the quality and duration as well as quantity and onset of full (complete) local anesthesia, is noticeable. Therefore, the aim of our study was comparing the onset and quality of both IVRA and our modified NBA at the hind limb of dairy cows. For this abstract, only the onset of full local anesthesia would be consider. Materials and Methods: For that reason, we used six healthy non pregnant non lactating Holestein Frisian cows in a cross-over study design. Those cows divided into two groups to receive IVRA and our modified four-point NBA. For IVRA, 20 ml procaine without epinephrine was injected into the vein digitalis dorsalis communis III and for our modified four-point NBA, 10-15 ml procaine without epinephrine preneurally to the nerves, superficial and deep peroneal as well as lateral and medial branches of metatarsal nerves. For pain stimulation, electrical stimulator Grass S48 was applied. Results: The results of electrical stimuli revealed the faster onset of full local anesthesia (p < 0.05) by application of our modified NBA in comparison to IVRA about 10 minutes. Conclusion and discussion: Despite of available references showing faster onset of foot local anesthesia of IVRA, our study demonstrated that our modified four point NBA not only can be well known as a standard foot local anesthesia method applicable to desensitize the hind limb of dairy cows, but also, selection of this modified validated local anesthesia method can lead to have a faster start of complete desensitization of distal hind limb that is remarkable in any bovine limb interventions under time constraint. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IVRA" title="IVRA">IVRA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=four%20point%20NBA" title=" four point NBA"> four point NBA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dairy%20cow" title=" dairy cow"> dairy cow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hind%20limb" title=" hind limb"> hind limb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=full%20onset" title=" full onset"> full onset</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88288/the-evaluation-of-superiority-of-foot-local-anesthesia-method-in-dairy-cows" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88288.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2333</span> Design of Reconfigurable Supernumerary Robotic Limb Based on Differential Actuated Joints</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qinghua%20Zhang">Qinghua Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanhe%20Zhu"> Yanhe Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiang%20Zhao"> Xiang Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeqin%20Yang"> Yeqin Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongwei%20Jing"> Hongwei Jing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guoan%20Zhang"> Guoan Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Zhao"> Jie Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a wearable reconfigurable supernumerary robotic limb with differential actuated joints, which is lightweight, compact and comfortable for the wearers. Compared to the existing supernumerary robotic limbs which mostly adopted series structure with large movement space but poor carrying capacity, a prototype with the series-parallel configuration to better adapt to different task requirements has been developed in this design. To achieve a compact structure, two kinds of cable-driven mechanical structures based on guide pulleys and differential actuated joints were designed. Moreover, two different tension devices were also designed to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the cable-driven transmission. The proposed device also employed self-designed bearings which greatly simplified the structure and reduced the cost. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable-driven" title="cable-driven">cable-driven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20actuated%20joints" title=" differential actuated joints"> differential actuated joints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconfigurable" title=" reconfigurable"> reconfigurable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supernumerary%20robotic%20limb" title=" supernumerary robotic limb"> supernumerary robotic limb</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119868/design-of-reconfigurable-supernumerary-robotic-limb-based-on-differential-actuated-joints" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119868.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20limb&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20limb&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20limb&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20limb&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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