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class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1204</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: vehicles</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">214</span> Prospective Analysis of Micromobility in the City of Medellín</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sa%C3%BAl%20Rivero">Saúl Rivero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Estefanya%20Mar%C3%ADn"> Estefanya Marín</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katherine%20Bola%C3%B1o"> Katherine Bolaño</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elena%20Ur%C3%A1n"> Elena Urán</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Yepes"> Juan Yepes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andr%C3%A9s%20Cossio"> Andrés Cossio</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Medellín is the Colombian city with the best public transport systems in the country, which is made up of two metro lines, five metrocables, two BRT-type bus lines, and a tram. But despite the above, the Aburrá Valley, the area in which the city is located, has about 3000 km of roads, which for the existing population of 3.2 million inhabitants, gives an indicator of 900 meters of road per 1000 inhabitants, which is lower than the country's average, which is approximately 3900 meters. In addition, given that in Medellín, there is approximately one vehicle for every three inhabitants, the problems of congestion and environmental pollution have worsened over the years. In this sense, due to the limitations of physical space, the low public investment in road infrastructure, it is necessary to opt for mobility alternatives according to the above. Among the options for the city, there is what is known as micromobility. Micromobility is understood to be those small and light means of transport that are used for short distances, that use electrical energy, such as skateboards and bicycles. Taking into account the above, in this work, the current state and future of micromobility in the city of Medellín were analyzed, carrying out a prospective analysis, supported by a PEST analysis, but also of the crossed impact matrices; of influence and dependence; and the technique of the actor's game. The analysis was carried out for two future scenarios: one normal and one optimistic. Result of the analysis, it was determined that micromobility as an alternative social practice to mobility in the city of Medellín has favorable conditions since the local government has adopted strategies such as the Metropolitan Bicycle Master Plan of Valle de Aburrá and the plan " Bicycle paths in the city: more public spaces for life,” where a projection of 400 kilometers of bicycle paths was estimated by the year 2030, as for that same year it is expected that 10% of all trips in the region will be in bike mode. The total trip indicator is an achievable goal, while that of the number of kilometers of bike paths would be close to being met. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicles" title="electric vehicles">electric vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micromobilty" title=" micromobilty"> micromobilty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20transport" title=" public transport"> public transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20transport" title=" sustainable transport"> sustainable transport</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143627/prospective-analysis-of-micromobility-in-the-city-of-medellin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143627.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">213</span> Advantages of Neural Network Based Air Data Estimation for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angelo%20Lerro">Angelo Lerro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manuela%20Battipede"> Manuela Battipede</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piero%20Gili"> Piero Gili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alberto%20Brandl"> Alberto Brandl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Redundancy requirements for UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) are hardly faced due to the generally restricted amount of available space and allowable weight for the aircraft systems, limiting their exploitation. Essential equipment as the Air Data, Attitude and Heading Reference Systems (ADAHRS) require several external probes to measure significant data as the Angle of Attack or the Sideslip Angle. Previous research focused on the analysis of a patented technology named Smart-ADAHRS (Smart Air Data, Attitude and Heading Reference System) as an alternative method to obtain reliable and accurate estimates of the aerodynamic angles. This solution is based on an innovative sensor fusion algorithm implementing soft computing techniques and it allows to obtain a simplified inertial and air data system reducing external devices. In fact, only one external source of dynamic and static pressures is needed. This paper focuses on the benefits which would be gained by the implementation of this system in UAV applications. A simplification of the entire ADAHRS architecture will bring to reduce the overall cost together with improved safety performance. Smart-ADAHRS has currently reached Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 6. Real flight tests took place on ultralight aircraft equipped with a suitable Flight Test Instrumentation (FTI). The output of the algorithm using the flight test measurements demonstrates the capability for this fusion algorithm to embed in a single device multiple physical and virtual sensors. Any source of dynamic and static pressure can be integrated with this system gaining a significant improvement in terms of versatility. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic%20angles" title="aerodynamic angles">aerodynamic angles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20data%20system" title=" air data system"> air data system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flight%20test" title=" flight test"> flight test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unmanned%20aerial%20vehicle" title=" unmanned aerial vehicle"> unmanned aerial vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20sensor" title=" virtual sensor"> virtual sensor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61870/advantages-of-neural-network-based-air-data-estimation-for-unmanned-aerial-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61870.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">212</span> Urban Corridor Management Strategy Based on Intelligent Transportation System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sourabh%20Jain">Sourabh Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukhvir%20Singh%20Jain"> Sukhvir Singh Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaurav%20V.%20Jain"> Gaurav V. Jain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is the application of technology for developing a user–friendly transportation system for urban areas in developing countries. The goal of urban corridor management using ITS in road transport is to achieve improvements in mobility, safety, and the productivity of the transportation system within the available facilities through the integrated application of advanced monitoring, communications, computer, display, and control process technologies, both in the vehicle and on the road. This paper attempts to present the past studies regarding several ITS available that have been successfully deployed in urban corridors of India and abroad, and to know about the current scenario and the methodology considered for planning, design, and operation of Traffic Management Systems. This paper also presents the endeavor that was made to interpret and figure out the performance of the 27.4 Km long study corridor having eight intersections and four flyovers. The corridor consisting of 6 lanes as well as 8 lanes divided road network. Two categories of data were collected on February 2016 such as traffic data (traffic volume, spot speed, delay) and road characteristics data (no. of lanes, lane width, bus stops, mid-block sections, intersections, flyovers). The instruments used for collecting the data were video camera, radar gun, mobile GPS and stopwatch. From analysis, the performance interpretations incorporated were identification of peak hours and off peak hours, congestion and level of service (LOS) at mid blocks, delay followed by the plotting speed contours and recommending urban corridor management strategies. From the analysis, it is found that ITS based urban corridor management strategies will be useful to reduce congestion, fuel consumption and pollution so as to provide comfort and efficiency to the users. The paper presented urban corridor management strategies based on sensors incorporated in both vehicles and on the roads. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion" title="congestion">congestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ITS%20strategies" title=" ITS strategies"> ITS strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility" title=" mobility"> mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety" title=" safety"> safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50368/urban-corridor-management-strategy-based-on-intelligent-transportation-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">211</span> Education-based, Graphical User Interface Design for Analyzing Phase Winding Inter-Turn Faults in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emir%20Alaca">Emir Alaca</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasbi%20Apaydin"> Hasbi Apaydin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohullah%20Rahmatullah"> Rohullah Rahmatullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Necibe%20Fusun%20Oyman%20Serteller"> Necibe Fusun Oyman Serteller</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) have found extensive applications in various industrial sectors, including electric vehicles, wind turbines, and robotics, due to their high performance and low losses. Accurate mathematical modeling of PMSMs is crucial for advanced studies in electric machines. To enhance the effectiveness of graduate-level education, incorporating virtual or real experiments becomes essential to reinforce acquired knowledge. Virtual laboratories have gained popularity as cost-effective alternatives to physical testing, mitigating the risks associated with electrical machine experiments. This study presents a MATLAB-based Graphical User Interface (GUI) for PMSMs. The GUI offers a visual interface that allows users to observe variations in motor outputs corresponding to different input parameters. It enables users to explore healthy motor conditions and the effects of short-circuit faults in the one-phase winding. Additionally, the interface includes menus through which users can access equivalent circuits related to the motor and gain hands-on experience with the mathematical equations used in synchronous motor calculations. The primary objective of this paper is to enhance the learning experience of graduate and doctoral students by providing a GUI-based approach in laboratory studies. This interactive platform empowers students to examine and analyze motor outputs by manipulating input parameters, facilitating a deeper understanding of PMSM operation and control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnet%20synchronous%20motor" title="magnet synchronous motor">magnet synchronous motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modelling" title=" mathematical modelling"> mathematical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education%20tools" title=" education tools"> education tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=winding%20inter-turn%20fault" title=" winding inter-turn fault"> winding inter-turn fault</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182165/education-based-graphical-user-interface-design-for-analyzing-phase-winding-inter-turn-faults-in-permanent-magnet-synchronous-motors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182165.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">57</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">210</span> Enhancement of Long Term Peak Demand Forecast in Peninsular Malaysia Using Hourly Load Profile </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazaitul%20Idya%20Hamzah">Nazaitul Idya Hamzah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Syafiq%20Mazli"> Muhammad Syafiq Mazli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maszatul%20Akmar%20Mustafa"> Maszatul Akmar Mustafa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The peak demand forecast is crucial to identify the future generation plant up needed in the long-term capacity planning analysis for Peninsular Malaysia as well as for the transmission and distribution network planning activities. Currently, peak demand forecast (in Mega Watt) is derived from the generation forecast by using load factor assumption. However, a forecast using this method has underperformed due to the structural changes in the economy, emerging trends and weather uncertainty. The dynamic changes of these drivers will result in many possible outcomes of peak demand for Peninsular Malaysia. This paper will look into the independent model of peak demand forecasting. The model begins with the selection of driver variables to capture long-term growth. This selection and construction of variables, which include econometric, emerging trend and energy variables, will have an impact on the peak forecast. The actual framework begins with the development of system energy and load shape forecast by using the system’s hourly data. The shape forecast represents the system shape assuming all embedded technology and use patterns to continue in the future. This is necessary to identify the movements in the peak hour or changes in the system load factor. The next step would be developing the peak forecast, which involves an iterative process to explore model structures and variables. The final step is combining the system energy, shape, and peak forecasts into the hourly system forecast then modifying it with the forecast adjustments. Forecast adjustments are among other sales forecasts for electric vehicles, solar and other adjustments. The framework will result in an hourly forecast that captures growth, peak usage and new technologies. The advantage of this approach as compared to the current methodology is that the peaks capture new technology impacts that change the load shape. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hourly%20load%20profile" title="hourly load profile">hourly load profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20forecasting" title=" load forecasting"> load forecasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long%20term%20peak%20demand%20forecasting" title=" long term peak demand forecasting"> long term peak demand forecasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20demand" title=" peak demand"> peak demand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116463/enhancement-of-long-term-peak-demand-forecast-in-peninsular-malaysia-using-hourly-load-profile" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">209</span> The Feasibility of a Protected Launch Site near Melkbosstrand for a Public Transport Ferry across Table Bay, Cape Town</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mardi%20Falck">Mardi Falck</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andr%C3%A9%20Theron"> André Theron</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traffic congestion on the Northern side of Table Bay is a major problem. In Gauteng, the implementation of the Gautrain between Pretoria and Johannesburg, solved their traffic congestion. In 2002 two entrepreneurs endeavoured to implement a hovercraft ferry service across the bay from Table View to the Port of Cape Town. However, the EIA process proved that disgruntled residents from the area did not agree with their location for a launch site. 17 years later the traffic problem has not gone away, but instead the congestion has increased. While property prices in the City Bowl of Cape Town are ever increasing, people tend to live more on the outskirts of the CBD and commute to work. This means more vehicles on the road every day and the public transport services cannot keep up with the demand. For this reason, the study area of the previous hovercraft plans is being extended further North. The study’s aim is thus to determine the feasibility of a launch site North of Bloubergstrand to launch and receive a public transport ferry across Table Bay. The feasibility is being established by researching ferry services across the world and on what makes them successful. Different types of ferries and their operational capacities in terms of weather and waves are researched and by establishing the offshore and nearshore wind and wave climate for the area, an appropriate protected launch site is determined. It was concluded that travel time could potentially be halved. A hovercraft proved to be the most feasible ferry type, because it does not require a conventional harbour. Other types of vessels require a protected launch site because of the wave climate. This means large breakwaters that influence the cost substantially. The Melkbos Cultural Centre proved to be the most viable option for the location of the launch site, because it already has buildings and infrastructure. It is recommended that, if a harbour is chosen for the proposed ferry service, it could be used for more services like fishing, eco-tourism and leisure. Further studies are recommended to optimise the feasibility of such a harbour. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cape%20Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferry" title=" ferry"> ferry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public" title=" public"> public</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Table%20Bay" title=" Table Bay"> Table Bay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118289/the-feasibility-of-a-protected-launch-site-near-melkbosstrand-for-a-public-transport-ferry-across-table-bay-cape-town" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">208</span> Prioritizing Roads Safety Based on the Quasi-Induced Exposure Method and Utilization of the Analytical Hierarchy Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Nafar">Hamed Nafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajad%20Rezaei"> Sajad Rezaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Behbahani"> Hamid Behbahani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Safety analysis of the roads through the accident rates which is one of the widely used tools has been resulted from the direct exposure method which is based on the ratio of the vehicle-kilometers traveled and vehicle-travel time. However, due to some fundamental flaws in its theories and difficulties in gaining access to the data required such as traffic volume, distance and duration of the trip, and various problems in determining the exposure in a specific time, place, and individual categories, there is a need for an algorithm for prioritizing the road safety so that with a new exposure method, the problems of the previous approaches would be resolved. In this way, an efficient application may lead to have more realistic comparisons and the new method would be applicable to a wider range of time, place, and individual categories. Therefore, an algorithm was introduced to prioritize the safety of roads using the quasi-induced exposure method and utilizing the analytical hierarchy process. For this research, 11 provinces of Iran were chosen as case study locations. A rural accidents database was created for these provinces, the validity of quasi-induced exposure method for Iran’s accidents database was explored, and the involvement ratio for different characteristics of the drivers and the vehicles was measured. Results showed that the quasi-induced exposure method was valid in determining the real exposure in the provinces under study. Results also showed a significant difference in the prioritization based on the new and traditional approaches. This difference mostly would stem from the perspective of the quasi-induced exposure method in determining the exposure, opinion of experts, and the quantity of accidents data. Overall, the results for this research showed that prioritization based on the new approach is more comprehensive and reliable compared to the prioritization in the traditional approach which is dependent on various parameters including the driver-vehicle characteristics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20safety" title="road safety">road safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prioritizing" title=" prioritizing"> prioritizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quasi-induced%20exposure" title=" Quasi-induced exposure"> Quasi-induced exposure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Analytical%20Hierarchy%20Process" title=" Analytical Hierarchy Process"> Analytical Hierarchy Process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4332/prioritizing-roads-safety-based-on-the-quasi-induced-exposure-method-and-utilization-of-the-analytical-hierarchy-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">207</span> Integrated On-Board Diagnostic-II and Direct Controller Area Network Access for Vehicle Monitoring System </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kavian%20Khosravinia">Kavian Khosravinia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Khair%20Hassan"> Mohd Khair Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ribhan%20Zafira%20Abdul%20Rahman"> Ribhan Zafira Abdul Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Abdul%20Rahman%20Al-Haddad"> Syed Abdul Rahman Al-Haddad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The CAN (controller area network) bus is introduced as a multi-master, message broadcast system. The messages sent on the CAN are used to communicate state information, referred as a signal between different ECUs, which provides data consistency in every node of the system. OBD-II Dongles that are based on request and response method is the wide-spread solution for extracting sensor data from cars among researchers. Unfortunately, most of the past researches do not consider resolution and quantity of their input data extracted through OBD-II technology. The maximum feasible scan rate is only 9 queries per second which provide 8 data points per second with using ELM327 as well-known OBD-II dongle. This study aims to develop and design a programmable, and latency-sensitive vehicle data acquisition system that improves the modularity and flexibility to extract exact, trustworthy, and fresh car sensor data with higher frequency rates. Furthermore, the researcher must break apart, thoroughly inspect, and observe the internal network of the vehicle, which may cause severe damages to the expensive ECUs of the vehicle due to intrinsic vulnerabilities of the CAN bus during initial research. Desired sensors data were collected from various vehicles utilizing Raspberry Pi3 as computing and processing unit with using OBD (request-response) and direct CAN method at the same time. Two types of data were collected for this study. The first, CAN bus frame data that illustrates data collected for each line of hex data sent from an ECU and the second type is the OBD data that represents some limited data that is requested from ECU under standard condition. The proposed system is reconfigurable, human-readable and multi-task telematics device that can be fitted into any vehicle with minimum effort and minimum time lag in the data extraction process. The standard operational procedure experimental vehicle network test bench is developed and can be used for future vehicle network testing experiment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CAN%20bus" title="CAN bus">CAN bus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OBD-II" title=" OBD-II"> OBD-II</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20data%20acquisition" title=" vehicle data acquisition"> vehicle data acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connected%20cars" title=" connected cars"> connected cars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telemetry" title=" telemetry"> telemetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raspberry%20Pi3" title=" Raspberry Pi3"> Raspberry Pi3</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103100/integrated-on-board-diagnostic-ii-and-direct-controller-area-network-access-for-vehicle-monitoring-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103100.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">206</span> Factors Affecting Visual Environment in Mine Lighting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Lakshmipathy">N. Lakshmipathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ch.%20S.%20N.%20Murthy"> Ch. S. N. Murthy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Aruna"> M. Aruna </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The design of lighting systems for surface mines is not an easy task because of the unique environment and work procedures encountered in the mines. The primary objective of this paper is to identify the major problems encountered in mine lighting application and to provide guidance in the solution of these problems. In the surface mining reflectance of surrounding surfaces is one of the important factors, which improve the vision, in the night hours. But due to typical working nature in the mines it is very difficult to fulfill these requirements, and also the orientation of the light at work site is a challenging task. Due to this reason machine operator and other workers in a mine need to be able to orient themselves in a difficult visual environment. The haul roads always keep on changing to tune with the mining activity. Other critical area such as dumpyards, stackyards etc. also change their phase with time, and it is difficult to illuminate such areas. Mining is a hazardous occupation, with workers exposed to adverse conditions; apart from the need for hard physical labor, there is exposure to stress and environmental pollutants like dust, noise, heat, vibration, poor illumination, radiation, etc. Visibility is restricted when operating load haul dumper and Heavy Earth Moving Machinery (HEMM) vehicles resulting in a number of serious accidents. one of the leading causes of these accidents is the inability of the equipment operator to see clearly people, objects or hazards around the machine. Results indicate blind spots are caused primarily by posts, the back of the operator's cab, and by lights and light brackets. The careful designed and implemented, lighting systems provide mine workers improved visibility and contribute to improved safety, productivity and morale. Properly designed lighting systems can improve visibility and safety during working in the opencast mines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contrast" title="contrast">contrast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficacy" title=" efficacy"> efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illuminance" title=" illuminance"> illuminance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illumination" title=" illumination"> illumination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light" title=" light"> light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=luminaire" title=" luminaire"> luminaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=luminance" title=" luminance"> luminance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflectance" title=" reflectance"> reflectance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visibility" title=" visibility"> visibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20531/factors-affecting-visual-environment-in-mine-lighting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20531.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">205</span> Sustainable Zero Carbon Communities: The Role of Community-Based Interventions in Reducing Carbon Footprint</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Damilola%20Mofikoya">Damilola Mofikoya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Developed countries account for a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions. In the last decade, countries including the United States and China have made a commitment to cut down carbon emissions by signing the Paris Climate Agreement. However, carbon neutrality is a challenging issue to tackle at the country level because of the scale of the problem. To overcome this challenge, cities are at the forefront of these efforts. Many cities in the United States are taking strategic actions and proposing programs and initiatives focused on renewable energy, green transportation, less use of fossil fuel vehicles, etc. There have been concerns about the implications of those strategies and a lack of community engagement. This paper is focused on community-based efforts that help actualize the reduction of carbon footprint through sustained and inclusive action. Existing zero-carbon assessment tools are examined to understand variables and indicators associated with the zero-carbon goals. Based on a broad, systematic review of literature on community strategies, and existing zero-carbon assessment tools, a dashboard was developed to help simplify and demystify carbon neutrality goals at a community level. The literature was able to shed light on the key contributing factors responsible for the success of community efforts in carbon neutrality. Stakeholder education is discussed as one of the strategies to help communities take action and generate momentum. The community-based efforts involving individuals and residents, such as reduction of food wastages, shopping preferences, transit mode choices, and healthy diets, play an important role in the context of zero-carbon initiatives. The proposed community-based dashboard will emphasize the importance of sustained, structured, and collective efforts at a communal scale. Finally, the present study discusses the relationship between life expectancy and quality of life and how it affects carbon neutrality in communities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20footprint" title="carbon footprint">carbon footprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communities" title=" communities"> communities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20expectancy" title=" life expectancy"> life expectancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title=" quality of life"> quality of life</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145563/sustainable-zero-carbon-communities-the-role-of-community-based-interventions-in-reducing-carbon-footprint" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145563.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">204</span> Preliminary Composite Overwrapped Pressure Vessel Design for Hydrogen Storage Using Netting Analysis and American Society of Mechanical Engineers Section X</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natasha%20Botha">Natasha Botha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20Corderely"> Gary Corderely</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helen%20M.%20Inglis"> Helen M. Inglis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the move to cleaner energy applications the transport industry is working towards on-board hydrogen, or compressed natural gas-fuelled vehicles. A popular method for storage is to use composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPV) because of their high strength to weight ratios. The proper design of these COPVs are according to international standards; this study aims to provide a preliminary design for a 350 Bar Type IV COPV (i.e. a polymer liner with a composite overwrap). Netting analysis, a popular analytical approach, is used as a first step to generate an initial design concept for the composite winding. This design is further improved upon by following the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel standards, Section X: Fibre-reinforced composite pressure vessels. A design program based on these two approaches is developed using Python. A numerical model of a burst test simulation is developed based on the two approaches and compared. The results indicate that the netting analysis provides a good preliminary design, while the ASME-based design is more robust and accurate as it includes a better approximation of the material behaviour. Netting analysis is an easy method to follow when considering an initial concept design for the composite winding when not all the material characteristics are known. Once these characteristics have been fully defined with experimental testing, an ASME-based design should always be followed to ensure that all designs conform to international standards and practices. Future work entails more detailed numerical testing of the design for improvement, this will include the boss design. Once finalised prototype manufacturing and experimental testing will be conducted, and the results used to improve on the COPV design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20overwrapped%20pressure%20vessel" title="composite overwrapped pressure vessel">composite overwrapped pressure vessel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=netting%20analysis" title=" netting analysis"> netting analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title=" design"> design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=American%20Society%20of%20Mechanical%20Engineers%20section%20x" title=" American Society of Mechanical Engineers section x"> American Society of Mechanical Engineers section x</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber-reinforced" title=" fiber-reinforced"> fiber-reinforced</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20storage" title=" hydrogen storage"> hydrogen storage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73706/preliminary-composite-overwrapped-pressure-vessel-design-for-hydrogen-storage-using-netting-analysis-and-american-society-of-mechanical-engineers-section-x" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73706.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">203</span> Lexical-Semantic Deficits in Sinhala Speaking Persons with Post Stroke Aphasia: Evidence from Single Word Auditory Comprehension Task</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20W.%20M.%20S.%20Samarathunga">D. W. M. S. Samarathunga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isuru%20Dharmarathne"> Isuru Dharmarathne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In aphasia, various levels of symbolic language processing (semantics) are affected. It is shown that Persons with Aphasia (PWA) often experience more problems comprehending some categories of words than others. The study aimed to determine lexical semantic deficits seen in Auditory Comprehension (AC) and to describe lexical-semantic deficits across six selected word categories. Thirteen (n =13) persons diagnosed with post-stroke aphasia (PSA) were recruited to perform an AC task. Foods, objects, clothes, vehicles, body parts and animals were selected as the six categories. As the test stimuli, black and white line drawings were adapted from a picture set developed for semantic studies by Snodgrass and Vanderwart. A pilot study was conducted with five (n=5) healthy nonbrain damaged Sinhala speaking adults to decide familiarity and applicability of the test material. In the main study, participants were scored based on the accuracy and number of errors shown. The results indicate similar trends of lexical semantic deficits identified in the literature confirming ‘animals’ to be the easiest category to comprehend. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to determine the association between the selected variables and the participants’ performance on AC task. No statistical significance was found between the errors and the type of aphasia reflecting similar patterns described in aphasia literature in other languages. The current study indicates the presence of selectivity of lexical semantic deficits in AC and a hierarchy was developed based on the complexity of the categories to comprehend by Sinhala speaking PWA, which might be clinically beneficial when improving language skills of Sinhala speaking persons with post-stroke aphasia. However, further studies on aphasia should be conducted with larger samples for a longer period to study deficits in Sinhala and other Sri Lankan languages (Tamil and Malay). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aphasia" title="aphasia">aphasia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auditory%20comprehension" title=" auditory comprehension"> auditory comprehension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20lexical-semantic%20deficits" title=" selective lexical-semantic deficits"> selective lexical-semantic deficits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semantic%20categories" title=" semantic categories"> semantic categories</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77031/lexical-semantic-deficits-in-sinhala-speaking-persons-with-post-stroke-aphasia-evidence-from-single-word-auditory-comprehension-task" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">202</span> Using Contingency Valuation Approaches to Assess Community Benefits through the Use of Great Zimbabwe World Heritage Site as a Tourism Attraction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nyasha%20Agnes%20Gurira">Nyasha Agnes Gurira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrick%20Ngulube"> Patrick Ngulube</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heritage as an asset can be used to achieve cultural and socio-economic development through its careful use as a tourist attraction. Cultural heritage sites, especially those listed as World Heritage sites generate a lot of revenue through their use as tourist attractions. According to article 5(a) of the World Heritage Convention, World Heritage Sites (WHS) must serve a function in the life of the communities. This is further stressed by the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) charter on cultural heritage tourism which recognizes the positive effects of tourism on cultural heritage and underlines that domestic and international tourism is among the foremost vehicles for cultural exchange, conservation should thus provide for responsible and well-managed opportunities for local communities. The inclusion of communities in the world heritage agenda identifies them as the owners of the heritage and partners in the management planning process. This reiterates the need to empower communities and enable them to participate in the decisions which relate to the use of their heritage divorcing from the ideals of viewing communities as beneficiaries from the heritage resource. It recognizes community ownership rights to cultural heritage an element enshrined in Zimbabwe’ national constitution. Through the use of contingency valuation approaches, by assessing the Willingness to pay for visitors at the site the research determined the tourism use value of Great Zimbabwe (WHS). It assessed the extent to which the communities at Great Zimbabwe (WHS) have been developed through the tourism use of the WHS. Findings show that the current management mechanism in place regards communities as stakeholders in the management of the WHS, their ownership and property rights are not fully recognized. They receive indirect benefits from the tourism use of the WHS. This paper calls for a shift in management approach where community ownership rights are fully recognized and more inclusive approaches are adopted to ensure that the goal of sustainable development is achieved. Pro-poor benefits of tourism are key to enhancing the livelihoods of communities and can only be achieved if their rights are recognized and respected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communities" title="communities">communities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20heritage%20tourism" title=" cultural heritage tourism"> cultural heritage tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=property%20ownership%20rights" title=" property ownership rights"> property ownership rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pro-poor%20benefits" title=" pro-poor benefits"> pro-poor benefits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=world%20heritage%20site" title=" world heritage site"> world heritage site</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81694/using-contingency-valuation-approaches-to-assess-community-benefits-through-the-use-of-great-zimbabwe-world-heritage-site-as-a-tourism-attraction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81694.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">201</span> Assessment of Rangeland Condition in a Dryland System Using UAV-Based Multispectral Imagery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vistorina%20Amputu">Vistorina Amputu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katja%20Tielboerger"> Katja Tielboerger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nichola%20Knox"> Nichola Knox</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Primary productivity in dry savannahs is constraint by moisture availability and under increasing anthropogenic pressure. Thus, considering climate change and the unprecedented pace and scale of rangeland deterioration, methods for assessing the status of such rangelands should be easy to apply, yield reliable and repeatable results that can be applied over large spatial scales. Global and local scale monitoring of rangelands through satellite data and labor-intensive field measurements respectively, are limited in accurately assessing the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of vegetation dynamics to provide crucial information that detects degradation in its early stages. Fortunately, newly emerging techniques such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), associated miniaturized sensors and improving digital photogrammetric software provide an opportunity to transcend these limitations. Yet, they have not been extensively calibrated in natural systems to encompass their complexities if they are to be integrated for long-term monitoring. Limited research using drone technology has been conducted in arid savannas, for example to assess the health status of this dynamic two-layer vegetation ecosystem. In our study, we fill this gap by testing the relationship between UAV-estimated cover of rangeland functional attributes and field data collected in discrete sample plots in a Namibian dryland savannah along a degradation gradient. The first results are based on a supervised classification performed on the ultra-high resolution multispectral imagery to distinguish between rangeland functional attributes (bare, non-woody, and woody), with a relatively good match to the field observations. Integrating UAV-based observations to improve rangeland monitoring could greatly assist in climate-adapted rangeland management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arid%20savannah" title="arid savannah">arid savannah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation%20gradient" title=" degradation gradient"> degradation gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20observations" title=" field observations"> field observations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=narrow-band%20sensor" title=" narrow-band sensor"> narrow-band sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supervised%20classification" title=" supervised classification"> supervised classification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139553/assessment-of-rangeland-condition-in-a-dryland-system-using-uav-based-multispectral-imagery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">200</span> Opportunities and Challenges for Decarbonizing Steel Production by Creating Markets for ‘Green Steel’ Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Muslemani">Hasan Muslemani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xi%20Liang"> Xi Liang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathi%20Kaesehage"> Kathi Kaesehage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20Ascui"> Francisco Ascui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeffrey%20Wilson"> Jeffrey Wilson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The creation of a market for lower-carbon steel products, here called ‘green steel’, has been identified as an important means to support the introduction of breakthrough emission reduction technologies into the steel sector. However, the definition of what ‘green’ entails in the context of steel production, the implications on the competitiveness of green steel products in local and international markets, and the necessary market mechanisms to support their successful market penetration remain poorly explored. This paper addresses this gap by holding semi-structured interviews with international sustainability experts and commercial managers from leading steel trade associations, research institutes and steelmakers. Our findings show that there is an urgent need to establish a set of standards to define what ‘greenness’ means in the steelmaking context; standards that avoid market disruptions, unintended consequences, and opportunities for greenwashing. We also highlight that the introduction of green steel products will have implications on product competitiveness on three different levels: 1) between primary and secondary steelmaking routes, 2) with traditional, lesser green steel, and 3) with other substitutable materials (e.g. cement and plastics). This paper emphasises the need for steelmakers to adopt a transitional approach in deploying different low-carbon technologies, based on their stage of technological maturity, applicability in certain country contexts, capacity to reduce emissions over time, and the ability of the investment community to support their deployment. We further identify market mechanisms to support green steel production, including carbon border adjustments and public procurement, highlighting a need for implementing a combination of complementary policies to ensure the products’ roll-out. The study further shows that the auto industry is a likely candidate for green steel consumption, where a market would be supported by price premiums paid by willing consumers, such as those of high-end luxury vehicles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20steel" title="green steel">green steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decarbonisation" title=" decarbonisation"> decarbonisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20model%20innovation" title=" business model innovation"> business model innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20analysis" title=" market analysis"> market analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127793/opportunities-and-challenges-for-decarbonizing-steel-production-by-creating-markets-for-green-steel-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">199</span> Double Row Taper Roller Bearing Wheel-end System in Rigid Rear Drive Axle in Heavy Duty SUV Passenger Vehicle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Imtiaz%20S">Mohd Imtiaz S</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saurabh%20Jain"> Saurabh Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pothiraj%20K."> Pothiraj K.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In today’s highly competitive passenger vehicle market, comfortable driving experience is one of the key parameters significantly weighed by the customer. Smooth ride and handling of the vehicle with exceptionally reliable wheel end solution is a paramount requirement in passenger Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV) vehicles subjected to challenging terrains and loads with rigid rear drive axle configuration. Traditional wheel-end bearing systems in passenger segment rigid rear drive axle utilizes the semi-floating layout, which imparts vertical bending loads and torsion to the axle shafts. The wheel-end bearing is usually a Single or Double Row Deep-Groove Ball Bearing (DRDGBB) or Double Row Angular Contact Ball Bearing (DRACBB). This solution is cost effective and simple in architecture. However, it lacks effectiveness against the heavy loads subjected to a SUV vehicle, especially the axial trust at high-speed cornering. This paper describes the solution of Double Row Taper Roller Bearing (DRTRB) wheel-end for a SUV vehicle in the rigid rear drive axle and improvement in terms of maximizing its load carrying capacity along with better reliability in terms of axial thrust in high-speed cornering. It describes the advantage of geometry of DRTRB over DRDGBB and DRACBB highlighting contact and load flow. The paper also highlights the vehicle level considerations affecting the B10 life of the bearing system for better selection of the DRTRB wheel-ends systems. This paper also describes real time vehicle level results along with theoretical improvements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axial%20thrust" title="axial thrust">axial thrust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=b10%20life" title=" b10 life"> b10 life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep-groove%20ball%20bearing" title=" deep-groove ball bearing"> deep-groove ball bearing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taper%20roller%20bearing" title=" taper roller bearing"> taper roller bearing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-floating%20layout." title=" semi-floating layout."> semi-floating layout.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169297/double-row-taper-roller-bearing-wheel-end-system-in-rigid-rear-drive-axle-in-heavy-duty-suv-passenger-vehicle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">198</span> Human Factors Interventions for Risk and Reliability Management of Defence Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chitra%20Rajagopal">Chitra Rajagopal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indra%20Deo%20Kumar"> Indra Deo Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ila%20Chauhan"> Ila Chauhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruchi%20Joshi"> Ruchi Joshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Binoy%20Bhargavan"> Binoy Bhargavan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reliability and safety are essential for the success of mission-critical and safety-critical defense systems. Humans are part of the entire life cycle of defense systems development and deployment. The majority of industrial accidents or disasters are attributed to human errors. Therefore, considerations of human performance and human reliability are critical in all complex systems, including defense systems. Defense systems are operating from the ground, naval and aerial platforms in diverse conditions impose unique physical and psychological challenges to the human operators. Some of the safety and mission-critical defense systems with human-machine interactions are fighter planes, submarines, warships, combat vehicles, aerial and naval platforms based missiles, etc. Human roles and responsibilities are also going through a transition due to the infusion of artificial intelligence and cyber technologies. Human operators, not accustomed to such challenges, are more likely to commit errors, which may lead to accidents or loss events. In such a scenario, it is imperative to understand the human factors in defense systems for better systems performance, safety, and cost-effectiveness. A case study using Task Analysis (TA) based methodology for assessment and reduction of human errors in the Air and Missile Defense System in the context of emerging technologies were presented. Action-oriented task analysis techniques such as Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) and Operator Action Event Tree (OAET) along with Critical Action and Decision Event Tree (CADET) for cognitive task analysis was used. Human factors assessment based on the task analysis helps in realizing safe and reliable defense systems. These techniques helped in the identification of human errors during different phases of Air and Missile Defence operations, leading to meet the requirement of a safe, reliable and cost-effective mission. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defence%20systems" title="defence systems">defence systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk" title=" risk"> risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety" title=" safety"> safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111674/human-factors-interventions-for-risk-and-reliability-management-of-defence-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111674.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">197</span> Simulation of a Control System for an Adaptive Suspension System for Passenger Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Gokul%20Prassad">S. Gokul Prassad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Aakash"> S. Aakash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Malar%20Mohan"> K. Malar Mohan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the process to cope with the challenges faced by the automobile industry in providing ride comfort, the electronics and control systems play a vital role. The control systems in an automobile monitor various parameters, controls the performances of the systems, thereby providing better handling characteristics. The automobile suspension system is one of the main systems that ensure the safety, stability and comfort of the passengers. The system is solely responsible for the isolation of the entire automobile from harmful road vibrations. Thus, integration of the control systems in the automobile suspension system would enhance its performance. The diverse road conditions of India demand the need of an efficient suspension system which can provide optimum ride comfort in all road conditions. For any passenger vehicle, the design of the suspension system plays a very important role in assuring the ride comfort and handling characteristics. In recent years, the air suspension system is preferred over the conventional suspension systems to ensure ride comfort. In this article, the ride comfort of the adaptive suspension system is compared with that of the passive suspension system. The schema is created in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The system is controlled by a proportional integral differential controller. Tuning of the controller was done with the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, since it suited the problem best. Ziegler-Nichols and Modified Ziegler-Nichols tuning methods were also tried and compared. Both the static responses and dynamic responses of the systems were calculated. Various random road profiles as per ISO 8608 standard are modelled in the MATLAB environment and their responses plotted. Open-loop and closed loop responses of the random roads, various bumps and pot holes are also plotted. The simulation results of the proposed design are compared with the available passive suspension system. The obtained results show that the proposed adaptive suspension system is efficient in controlling the maximum over shoot and the settling time of the system is reduced enormously. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automobile%20suspension" title="automobile suspension">automobile suspension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MATLAB" title=" MATLAB"> MATLAB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20system" title=" control system"> control system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PID" title=" PID"> PID</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSO" title=" PSO"> PSO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62788/simulation-of-a-control-system-for-an-adaptive-suspension-system-for-passenger-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62788.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">196</span> Development of Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System for Mini-Bus Car’s Air Conditioning: A Two-Fluid Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoftahe%20Nigussie">Yoftahe Nigussie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research explores the implementation of a vapor absorption refrigeration system (VARS) in mini-bus cars to enhance air conditioning efficiency. The conventional vapor compression refrigeration system (VCRS) in vehicles relies on mechanical work from the engine, leading to increased fuel consumption. The proposed VARS aims to utilize waste heat and exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine to cool the mini-bus cabin, thereby reducing fuel consumption and atmospheric pollution. The project involves two models: Model 1, a two-fluid vapor absorption system (VAS), and Model 2, a three-fluid VAS. Model 1 uses ammonia (NH₃) and water (H₂O) as refrigerants, where water absorbs ammonia rapidly, producing a cooling effect. The absorption cycle operates on the principle that absorbing ammonia in water decreases vapor pressure. The ammonia-water solution undergoes cycles of desorption, condensation, expansion, and absorption, facilitated by a generator, condenser, expansion valve, and absorber. The objectives of this research include reducing atmospheric pollution, minimizing air conditioning maintenance costs, lowering capital costs, enhancing fuel economy, and eliminating the need for a compressor. The comparison between vapor absorption and compression systems reveals advantages such as smoother operation, fewer moving parts, and the ability to work at lower evaporator pressures without affecting the Coefficient of Performance (COP). The proposed VARS demonstrates potential benefits for mini-bus air conditioning systems, providing a sustainable and energy-efficient alternative. By utilizing waste heat and exhaust gas, this system contributes to environmental preservation while addressing economic considerations for vehicle owners. Further research and development in this area could lead to the widespread adoption of vapor absorption technology in automotive air conditioning systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=room" title="room">room</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zone" title=" zone"> zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space" title=" space"> space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20resistance" title=" thermal resistance"> thermal resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178776/development-of-vapor-absorption-refrigeration-system-for-mini-bus-cars-air-conditioning-a-two-fluid-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178776.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">195</span> Synthesis of Highly Stable Multi-Functional Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Active Mitochondrial Targeting in Immunotherapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masome%20Moeni">Masome Moeni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roya%20Abedizadeh"> Roya Abedizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Aram"> Elham Aram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Sadeghi-Abandansari"> Hamid Sadeghi-Abandansari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davood%20Sabour"> Davood Sabour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Menzel"> Robert Menzel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Hassanpour"> Ali Hassanpour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mitochondria- targeting immunogenic cell death inducers (MT-ICD) have been designed to trigger intrinsic apoptosis signalling pathway in malignant cells and revive the antitumour immune system. MT-ICD inducers have considered to be non-specific, which can deteriorate the ability to initiate mitochondria-selective oxidative stress, causing high toxicity. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) can be an ideal candidate as vehicles for utilizing in immunotherapy due to their biocompatibility, modifiable surface chemistry, magnetic characteristics and multi-functional applications in single platform. These types of NPs can facilitate a real time imaging which can provide an effective strategy to analyse pharmacokinetic parameters of nano-formula, including blood circulation time, targeted and controlled release at tumour microenvironment. To our knowledge, the conjugation of IONPs with MT-ICD and oxaliplatin (a chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of colorectal cancer) for immunotherapy have not been investigated. Herein, IONPs were generated via co-precipitation reaction at high temperatures, followed by coating the colloidal suspension with tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to optimize their bio-compatibility, preventing aggregation and maintaining stability at physiological pH, then functionalized with (3-carboxypropyl) triphenyl phosphonium bromide for mitochondrial delivery. Analytical results demonstrated the successful process of IONPs functionalization. In particular, the colloidal particles of doped IONPs exhibited an excellent stability and dispersibility. The resultant particles were also successfully loaded with the oxaliplatin for an active mitochondrial targeting in immunotherapy, resulting in well-maintained super-paramagnetic characteristics and stable structure of the functionalized IONPs with nanoscale particle sizes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Immunotherapy" title="Immunotherapy">Immunotherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitochondria" title=" mitochondria"> mitochondria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer" title=" cancer"> cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20oxide%20nanoparticle" title=" iron oxide nanoparticle"> iron oxide nanoparticle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166577/synthesis-of-highly-stable-multi-functional-iron-oxide-nanoparticles-for-active-mitochondrial-targeting-in-immunotherapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">194</span> Advancing Conventional Weighbridge Stations through Cyber-Physical Systems to Enforce Republic Act 8794 or the Anti-Overloading Act Along Maharlika Highway, Quezon Province</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janelle%20E.%20Gerio">Janelle E. Gerio</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The poor condition of roads in the Province of Quezon is leading to longer travel times, negatively impacting the experience of road users. Freight transport, which involves moving goods and cargo, is a major cause of overloaded vehicles. Road freight transport relies on haulers and trailer trucks to transport large goods. The availability and efficiency of freight transport are crucial for the socio-economic performance of a nation. Road transport, especially cargo transport, is a key driver of economic development and integration. This study focuses on the installation of Weighbridge Stations using a Cyber-Physical System in the Province of Quezon, which would help maintain the road pavement and prolong its intended lifespan. The Pan-Philippine Highway (Maharlika Highway) in Quezon Province serves as the main route for travel between Central Luzon and the Bicol Region. The road from Pagbilao to Calauag is particularly prone to significant damage. The deteriorated pavement leads to lane closures for maintenance and increases the risk of accidents, resulting in traffic congestion in certain areas. The regular travel time of eight hours from Metro Manila to the Bicol Region extends to a minimum of twelve hours, and even longer during peak seasons. This research aims to identify optimal locations for Weighbridge Stations and propose effective and adaptable systems to prevent overloaded trucks from using the National Road, which is the primary cause of pavement damage. Additionally, the study will verify suitable road and pavement designs to address the long-standing issues in the province and ensure the proper implementation of the Anti-Overloading Act (Republic Act 8794) without compromising the economic efficiency of freight transport. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighbridge" title="weighbridge">weighbridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axle%20load" title=" axle load"> axle load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pavement%20deterioration" title=" pavement deterioration"> pavement deterioration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20maintenance" title=" road maintenance"> road maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overloading" title=" overloading"> overloading</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/199029/advancing-conventional-weighbridge-stations-through-cyber-physical-systems-to-enforce-republic-act-8794-or-the-anti-overloading-act-along-maharlika-highway-quezon-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/199029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">193</span> Experimental Investigation on the Role of Thermoacoustics on Soot Formation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sambit%20Supriya%20Dash">Sambit Supriya Dash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20Ravi%20R"> Rahul Ravi R</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vikram%20Ramanan"> Vikram Ramanan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinayak%20Malhotra"> Vinayak Malhotra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Combustion in itself is a complex phenomenon that involves the interaction and interplay of multiple phenomena, the combined effect of which gives rise to the common flame that we see and use in our daily life applications from cooking to propelling our vehicles to space. The most important thing that goes unnoticed about these flames is the effect of the various phenomena from its surrounding environment that affects its behavior and properties. These phenomena cause a variety of energy interactions that lead to various types of energy transformations which in turn affect the flame behavior. This paper focuses on experimentally investigating the effect of one such phenomenon, which is the acoustics or sound energy on diffusion flames. The subject in itself is extensively studied upon as thermo-acoustics globally, whereas the current work focuses on studying its effect on soot formation on diffusion flames. The said effect is studied in this research work by the use of a butane as fuel, fitted with a nozzle that houses 3 arrays consisting of 4 holes each that are placed equidistant to each other and the resulting flame impinged with sound from two independent and similar sound sources that are placed equidistant from the centre of the flame. The entire process is systematically video graphed using a 60 fps regular CCD and analysed for variation in flame heights and flickering frequencies where the fuel mass flow rate is maintained constant and the configuration of entrainment holes and frequency of sound are varied, whilst maintaining constant ambient atmospheric conditions. The current work establishes significant outcomes on the effect of acoustics on soot formation; it is noteworthy that soot formation is the main cause of pollution and a major cause of inefficiency of current propulsion systems. This work is one of its kinds, and its outcomes are widely applicable to commercial and domestic appliances that utilize combustion for energy generation or propulsion and help us understand them better, so that we can increase their efficiency and decrease pollution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoacoustics" title="thermoacoustics">thermoacoustics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrainment" title=" entrainment"> entrainment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propulsion%20system" title=" propulsion system"> propulsion system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95303/experimental-investigation-on-the-role-of-thermoacoustics-on-soot-formation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">192</span> Comparison of Data Reduction Algorithms for Image-Based Point Cloud Derived Digital Terrain Models </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Uysal">M. Uysal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Yilmaz"> M. Yilmaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Tiryakio%C4%9Flu"> I. Tiryakioğlu </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Digital Terrain Model (DTM) is a digital numerical representation of the Earth's surface. DTMs have been applied to a diverse field of tasks, such as urban planning, military, glacier mapping, disaster management. In the expression of the Earth' surface as a mathematical model, an infinite number of point measurements are needed. Because of the impossibility of this case, the points at regular intervals are measured to characterize the Earth's surface and DTM of the Earth is generated. Hitherto, the classical measurement techniques and photogrammetry method have widespread use in the construction of DTM. At present, RADAR, LiDAR, and stereo satellite images are also used for the construction of DTM. In recent years, especially because of its superiorities, Airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) has an increased use in DTM applications. A 3D point cloud is created with LiDAR technology by obtaining numerous point data. However recently, by the development in image mapping methods, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for photogrammetric data acquisition has increased DTM generation from image-based point cloud. The accuracy of the DTM depends on various factors such as data collection method, the distribution of elevation points, the point density, properties of the surface and interpolation methods. In this study, the random data reduction method is compared for DTMs generated from image based point cloud data. The original image based point cloud data set (100%) is reduced to a series of subsets by using random algorithm, representing the 75, 50, 25 and 5% of the original image based point cloud data set. Over the ANS campus of Afyon Kocatepe University as the test area, DTM constructed from the original image based point cloud data set is compared with DTMs interpolated from reduced data sets by Kriging interpolation method. The results show that the random data reduction method can be used to reduce the image based point cloud datasets to 50% density level while still maintaining the quality of DTM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DTM" title="DTM">DTM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Unmanned%20Aerial%20Vehicle%20%28UAV%29" title=" Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)"> Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uniform" title=" uniform"> uniform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random" title=" random"> random</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kriging" title=" kriging"> kriging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97190/comparison-of-data-reduction-algorithms-for-image-based-point-cloud-derived-digital-terrain-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97190.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">191</span> Monetary Evaluation of Dispatching Decisions in Consideration of Choice of Transport</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcel%20Schneider">Marcel Schneider</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nils%20Nie%C3%9Fen"> Nils Nießen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microscopic simulation programs enable the description of the two processes of railway operation and the previous timetabling. Occupation conflicts are often solved based on defined train priorities on both process levels. These conflict resolutions produce knock-on delays for the involved trains. The sum of knock-on delays is commonly used to evaluate the quality of railway operations. It is either compared to an acceptable level-of-service or the delays are evaluated economically by linearly monetary functions. It is impossible to properly evaluate dispatching decisions without a well-founded objective function. This paper presents a new approach for evaluation of dispatching decisions. It uses models of choice of transport and considers the behaviour of the end-costumers. These models evaluate the knock-on delays in more detail than linearly monetary functions and consider other competing modes of transport. The new approach pursues the coupling of a microscopic model of railway operation with the macroscopic model of choice of transport. First it will be implemented for the railway operations process, but it can also be used for timetabling. The evaluation considers the possibility to change over to other transport modes by the end-costumers. The new approach first looks at the rail-mounted and road transport, but it can also be extended to air transport. The split of the end-costumers is described by the modal-split. The reactions by the end-costumers have an effect on the revenues of the railway undertakings. Various travel purposes has different pavement reserves and tolerances towards delays. Longer journey times affect besides revenue changes also additional costs. The costs depend either on time or track and arise from circulation of workers and vehicles. Only the variable values are summarised in the contribution margin, which is the base for the monetary evaluation of the delays. The contribution margin is calculated for different resolution decisions of the same conflict. The conflict resolution is improved until the monetary loss becomes minimised. The iterative process therefore determines an optimum conflict resolution by observing the change of the contribution margin. Furthermore, a monetary value of each dispatching decision can also be determined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=choice%20of%20transport" title="choice of transport">choice of transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knock-on%20delays" title=" knock-on delays"> knock-on delays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monetary%20evaluation" title=" monetary evaluation"> monetary evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=railway%20operations" title=" railway operations"> railway operations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22453/monetary-evaluation-of-dispatching-decisions-in-consideration-of-choice-of-transport" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22453.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">190</span> Human-Automation Interaction in Law: Mapping Legal Decisions and Judgments, Cognitive Processes, and Automation Levels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dovile%20Petkeviciute-Barysiene">Dovile Petkeviciute-Barysiene</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Legal technologies not only create new ways for accessing and providing legal services but also transform the role of legal practitioners. Both lawyers and users of legal services expect automated solutions to outperform people with objectivity and impartiality. Although fairness of the automated decisions is crucial, research on assessing various characteristics of automated processes related to the perceived fairness has only begun. One of the major obstacles to this research is the lack of comprehensive understanding of what legal actions are automated and could be meaningfully automated, and to what extent. Neither public nor legal practitioners oftentimes cannot envision technological input due to the lack of general without illustrative examples. The aim of this study is to map decision making stages and automation levels which are and/or could be achieved in legal actions related to pre-trial and trial processes. Major legal decisions and judgments are identified during the consultations with legal practitioners. The dual-process model of information processing is used to describe cognitive processes taking place while making legal decisions and judgments during pre-trial and trial action. Some of the existing legal technologies are incorporated into the analysis as well. Several published automation level taxonomies are considered because none of them fit well into the legal context, as they were all created for avionics, teleoperation, unmanned aerial vehicles, etc. From the information processing perspective, analysis of the legal decisions and judgments expose situations that are most sensitive to cognitive bias, among others, also help to identify areas that would benefit from the automation the most. Automation level analysis, in turn, provides a systematic approach to interaction and cooperation between humans and algorithms. Moreover, an integrated map of legal decisions and judgments, information processing characteristics, and automation levels all together provide some groundwork for the research of legal technology perceived fairness and acceptance. Acknowledgment: This project has received funding from European Social Fund (project No 09.3.3-LMT-K-712-19-0116) under grant agreement with the Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automation%20levels" title="automation levels">automation levels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20processing" title=" information processing"> information processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20judgment%20and%20decision%20making" title=" legal judgment and decision making"> legal judgment and decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20technology" title=" legal technology"> legal technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130250/human-automation-interaction-in-law-mapping-legal-decisions-and-judgments-cognitive-processes-and-automation-levels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130250.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">189</span> A Step Towards Circular Economy: Assessing the Efficacy of Ion Exchange Resins in the Recycling of Automotive Engine Coolants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Madalin%20Danila">George Madalin Danila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mihaiella%20Cretu"> Mihaiella Cretu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristian%20Puscasu"> Cristian Puscasu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The recycling of used antifreeze/coolant is a widely discussed and intricate issue. Complying with government regulations for the proper disposal of hazardous waste poses a significant challenge for today's automotive and industrial industries. In recent years, global focus has shifted toward Earth's fragile ecology, emphasizing the need to restore and preserve the natural environment. The business and industrial sectors have undergone substantial changes to adapt and offer products tailored to these evolving markets. The global antifreeze market size was evaluated at US 5.4 billion in 2020 to reach USD 5,9 billion by 2025 due to the increased number of vehicles worldwide, but also to the growth of HVAC systems. This study presents the evaluation of an ion exchange resin-based installation designed for the recycling of engine coolants, specifically ethylene glycol (EG) and propylene glycol (PG). The recycling process aims to restore the coolant to meet the stringent ASTM standards for both new and recycled coolants. A combination of physical-chemical methods, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was employed to analyze and validate the purity and performance of the recycled product. The experimental setup included performance tests, namely corrosion to glassware and the tendency to foaming of coolant, to assess the efficacy of the recycled coolants in comparison to new coolant standards. The results demonstrate that the recycled EG coolants exhibit comparable quality to new coolants, with all critical parameters falling within the acceptable ASTM limits. This indicates that the ion exchange resin method is a viable and efficient solution for the recycling of engine coolants, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to the disposal of used coolants while ensuring compliance with industry standards. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine%20coolant" title="engine coolant">engine coolant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycols" title=" glycols"> glycols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20exchange%20resin" title=" ion exchange resin"> ion exchange resin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20economy" title=" circular economy"> circular economy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186281/a-step-towards-circular-economy-assessing-the-efficacy-of-ion-exchange-resins-in-the-recycling-of-automotive-engine-coolants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186281.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">52</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">188</span> Integration of the Battery Passport into the eFTI Platform to Improve Digital Data Exchange in the Context of Battery Transport</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Max%20Plotnikov">Max Plotnikov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arkadius%20Schier"> Arkadius Schier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To counteract climate change, the European Commission adopted the European Green Deal (EDG) in 2019. Some of the main objectives of the EDG are climate neutrality by 2050, decarbonization, sustainable mobility, and the shift from a linear economy to a circular economy in the European Union. The mobility turnaround envisages, among other things, the switch from classic internal combustion vehicles to electromobility. The aforementioned goals are therefore accompanied by increased demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and the associated logistics. However, this inevitably gives rise to challenges that need to be addressed. Depending on whether the LIB is transported by road, rail, air, or sea, there are different regulatory frameworks in the European Union that relevant players in the value chain must adhere to. LIBs are classified as Dangerous Goods Class 9, and against this backdrop, there are various restrictions that need to be adhered to when transporting them for various actors. Currently, the exchange of information in the value chain between the various actors is almost entirely paper-based. Especially in the transport of dangerous goods, this often leads to a delay in the transport or to incorrect data. The exchange of information with the authorities is particularly essential in this context. A solution for the digital exchange of information is currently being developed. Electronic freight transport information (eFTI) enables fast and secure exchange of information between the players in the freight transport process. This concept is to be used within the supply chain from 2025. Another initiative that is expected to improve the monitoring of LIB in this context, among other things, is the battery pass. In July 2023, the latest battery regulation was adopted in the Official Journal of the European Union. This battery pass gives different actors static as well as dynamic information about the batteries depending on their access rights. This includes master data such as battery weight or battery category or information on the state of health or the number of negative events that the battery has experienced. The integration of the battery pass with the eFTI platform will be investigated for synergy effects in favor of the actors for battery transport. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery%20logistics" title="battery logistics">battery logistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery%20passport" title=" battery passport"> battery passport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20sharing" title=" data sharing"> data sharing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eFTI" title=" eFTI"> eFTI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170786/integration-of-the-battery-passport-into-the-efti-platform-to-improve-digital-data-exchange-in-the-context-of-battery-transport" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170786.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">187</span> Identifying and Quantifying Factors Affecting Traffic Crash Severity under Heterogeneous Traffic Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Praveen%20Vayalamkuzhi">Praveen Vayalamkuzhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veeraragavan%20Amirthalingam"> Veeraragavan Amirthalingam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Studies on safety on highways are becoming the need of the hour as over 400 lives are lost every day in India due to road crashes. In order to evaluate the factors that lead to different levels of crash severity, it is necessary to investigate the level of safety of highways and their relation to crashes. In the present study, an attempt is made to identify the factors that contribute to road crashes and to quantify their effect on the severity of road crashes. The study was carried out on a four-lane divided rural highway in India. The variables considered in the analysis includes components of horizontal alignment of highway, viz., straight or curve section; time of day, driveway density, presence of median; median opening; gradient; operating speed; and annual average daily traffic. These variables were considered after a preliminary analysis. The major complexities in the study are the heterogeneous traffic and the speed variation between different classes of vehicles along the highway. To quantify the impact of each of these factors, statistical analyses were carried out using Logit model and also negative binomial regression. The output from the statistical models proved that the variables viz., horizontal components of the highway alignment; driveway density; time of day; operating speed as well as annual average daily traffic show significant relation with the severity of crashes viz., fatal as well as injury crashes. Further, the annual average daily traffic has significant effect on the severity compared to other variables. The contribution of highway horizontal components on crash severity is also significant. Logit models can predict crashes better than the negative binomial regression models. The results of the study will help the transport planners to look into these aspects at the planning stage itself in the case of highways operated under heterogeneous traffic flow condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometric%20design" title="geometric design">geometric design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneous%20traffic" title=" heterogeneous traffic"> heterogeneous traffic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20crash" title=" road crash"> road crash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20analysis" title=" statistical analysis"> statistical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=level%20of%20safety" title=" level of safety"> level of safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64524/identifying-and-quantifying-factors-affecting-traffic-crash-severity-under-heterogeneous-traffic-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">186</span> The Integration of Geographical Information Systems and Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Simulated Demand for Humanitarian Logistics in Tsunami-Prone Area: A Case Study of Phuket, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiatkulchai%20Jitt-Aer">Kiatkulchai Jitt-Aer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Graham%20Wall"> Graham Wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dylan%20Jones"> Dylan Jones</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a result of the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004, logistics applied to disaster relief operations has received great attention in the humanitarian sector. As learned from such disaster, preparing and responding to the aspect of delivering essential items from distribution centres to affected locations are of the importance for relief operations as the nature of disasters is uncertain especially in suffering figures, which are normally proportional to quantity of supplies. Thus, this study proposes a spatial decision support system (SDSS) for humanitarian logistics by integrating Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP). The GIS is utilised for acquiring demands simulated from the tsunami flooding model of the affected area in the first stage, and visualising the simulation solutions in the last stage. While CVRP in this study encompasses designing the relief routes of a set of homogeneous vehicles from a relief centre to a set of geographically distributed evacuation points in which their demands are estimated by using both simulation and randomisation techniques. The CVRP is modeled as a multi-objective optimization problem where both total travelling distance and total transport resources used are minimized, while demand-cost efficiency of each route is maximized in order to determine route priority. As the model is a NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem, the Clarke and Wright Saving heuristics is proposed to solve the problem for the near-optimal solutions. The real-case instances in the coastal area of Phuket, Thailand are studied to perform the SDSS that allows a decision maker to visually analyse the simulation scenarios through different decision factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demand%20simulation" title="demand simulation">demand simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humanitarian%20logistics" title=" humanitarian logistics"> humanitarian logistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographical%20information%20systems" title=" geographical information systems"> geographical information systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relief%20operations" title=" relief operations"> relief operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitated%20vehicle%20routing%20problem" title=" capacitated vehicle routing problem"> capacitated vehicle routing problem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80380/the-integration-of-geographical-information-systems-and-capacitated-vehicle-routing-problem-with-simulated-demand-for-humanitarian-logistics-in-tsunami-prone-area-a-case-study-of-phuket-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80380.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">185</span> Numerical Modelling of Hydrodynamic Drag and Supercavitation Parameters for Supercavitating Torpedoes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sezer%20Kefeli">Sezer Kefeli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serta%C3%A7%20Arslan"> Sertaç Arslan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, supercavitationphenomena, and parameters are explained, and hydrodynamic design approaches are investigated for supercavitating torpedoes. In addition, drag force calculation methods ofsupercavitatingvehicles are obtained. Basically, conventional heavyweight torpedoes reach up to ~50 knots by classic hydrodynamic techniques, on the other hand super cavitating torpedoes may reach up to ~200 knots, theoretically. However, in order to reachhigh speeds, hydrodynamic viscous forces have to be reduced or eliminated completely. This necessity is revived the supercavitation phenomena that is implemented to conventional torpedoes. Supercavitation is a type of cavitation, after all, it is more stable and continuous than other cavitation types. The general principle of supercavitation is to separate the underwater vehicle from water phase by surrounding the vehicle with cavitation bubbles. This situation allows the torpedo to operate at high speeds through the water being fully developed cavitation. Conventional torpedoes are entitled as supercavitating torpedoes when the torpedo moves in a cavity envelope due to cavitator in the nose section and solid fuel rocket engine in the rear section. There are two types of supercavitation phase, these are natural and artificial cavitation phases. In this study, natural cavitation is investigated on the disk cavitators based on numerical methods. Once the supercavitation characteristics and drag reduction of natural cavitationare studied on CFD platform, results are verified with the empirical equations. As supercavitation parameters cavitation number (), pressure distribution along axial axes, drag coefficient (C_?) and drag force (D), cavity wall velocity (U_?) and dimensionless cavity shape parameters, which are cavity length (L_?/d_?), cavity diameter(d_ₘ/d_?) and cavity fineness ratio (〖L_?/d〗_ₘ) are investigated and compared with empirical results. This paper has the characteristics of feasibility study to carry out numerical solutions of the supercavitation phenomena comparing with empirical equations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cavity%20envelope" title=" cavity envelope"> cavity envelope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20speed%20underwater%20vehicles" title=" high speed underwater vehicles"> high speed underwater vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercavitating%20flows" title=" supercavitating flows"> supercavitating flows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercavitation" title=" supercavitation"> supercavitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drag%20reduction" title=" drag reduction"> drag reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercavitation%20parameters" title=" supercavitation parameters"> supercavitation parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144705/numerical-modelling-of-hydrodynamic-drag-and-supercavitation-parameters-for-supercavitating-torpedoes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144705.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicles&page=33" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicles&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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