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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sejarah</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Asal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revolusi_Turki_Muda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolusi_Turki_Muda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Revolusi Turki Muda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolusi_Turki_Muda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan_kaki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan_kaki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Catatan kaki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan_kaki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Turki Muda</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 58 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jong_Turke" title="Jong Turke – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jong Turke" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A9" title="تركيا الفتاة – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تركيا الفتاة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozos_Turcos" title="Mozos Turcos – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mozos Turcos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C9%99nc_t%C3%BCrkl%C9%99r" title="Gənc türklər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gənc türklər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%AC_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%B1" title="گنج تورک‌لر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="گنج تورک‌لر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%99%D1%88_%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%BA%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Йәш төрөктәр – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Йәш төрөктәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Младатуркі – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Младатуркі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Младотурци – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Младотурци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joves_Turcs" title="Joves Turcs – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Joves Turcs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mladoturci" title="Mladoturci – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mladoturci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungtyrkerne" title="Ungtyrkerne – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ungtyrkerne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jungt%C3%BCrken" title="Jungtürken – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jungtürken" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B5%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Νεότουρκοι – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νεότουρκοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Turks" title="Young Turks – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Young Turks" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junaj_Turkoj" title="Junaj Turkoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Junaj Turkoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3venes_Turcos" title="Jóvenes Turcos – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jóvenes Turcos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noort%C3%BCrklased" title="Noortürklased – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Noortürklased" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiar_Gazteak" title="Turkiar Gazteak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Turkiar Gazteak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ترکان جوان – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترکان جوان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuorturkkilaiset" title="Nuorturkkilaiset – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nuorturkkilaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeunes-Turcs" title="Jeunes-Turcs – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jeunes-Turcs" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jong-Turken" title="Jong-Turken – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jong-Turken" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozos_Turcos" title="Mozos Turcos – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mozos Turcos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="הטורקים הצעירים – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הטורקים הצעירים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8" title="युवा तुर्क आन्दोलन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="युवा तुर्क आन्दोलन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mladoturci" title="Mladoturci – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mladoturci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifj%C3%BAt%C3%B6r%C3%B6k_mozgalom" title="Ifjútörök mozgalom – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ifjútörök mozgalom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Երիտասարդ թուրքեր – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երիտասարդ թուրքեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungtyrkir" title="Ungtyrkir – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ungtyrkir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovani_Turchi" title="Giovani Turchi – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giovani Turchi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3%E4%BA%BA" title="青年トルコ人 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="青年トルコ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ახალგაზრდა თურქები – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ახალგაზრდა თურქები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%AD%EB%85%84_%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%8B%B9" title="청년 튀르크당 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="청년 튀르크당" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6n_T%C3%BCrkler" title="Jön Türkler – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Jön Türkler" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%88_%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80" title="Жаш түрктөр – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жаш түрктөр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoturcae" title="Neoturcae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Neoturcae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Младотурци – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Младотурци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki_Muda" title="Turki Muda – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Turki Muda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonge_Turken" title="Jonge Turken – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jonge Turken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungtyrkerne" title="Ungtyrkerne – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ungtyrkerne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95" title="ਜਵਾਨ ਤੁਰਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਵਾਨ ਤੁਰਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%82odoturcy" title="Młodoturcy – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Młodoturcy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="نوجوانان ترک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نوجوانان ترک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jovens_Turcos" title="Jovens Turcos – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jovens Turcos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junii_Turci" title="Junii Turci – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Junii Turci" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Младотурки – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Младотурки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80_%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Эдэр түүрдэр – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эдэр түүрдэр" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mladoturci" title="Mladoturci – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mladoturci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Turks" title="Young Turks – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Young Turks" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhonturqit" title="Xhonturqit – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Xhonturqit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Младотурци – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Младотурци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungturkarna" title="Ungturkarna – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ungturkarna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B6n_T%C3%BCrkler" title="Jön Türkler – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jön Türkler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Молодотурки – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Молодотурки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="نوجوانان ترک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نوجوانان ترک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yosh_turklar" title="Yosh turklar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yosh turklar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%85%9A%E4%BA%BA" title="青年土耳其党人 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="青年土耳其党人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Turki_Muda&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turki_Muda&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Young_Turks_movement" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q83896" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Greek_lithograph_celebrating_the_Ottoman_Constitution.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Greek_lithograph_celebrating_the_Ottoman_Constitution.png/250px-Greek_lithograph_celebrating_the_Ottoman_Constitution.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Greek_lithograph_celebrating_the_Ottoman_Constitution.png/375px-Greek_lithograph_celebrating_the_Ottoman_Constitution.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Greek_lithograph_celebrating_the_Ottoman_Constitution.png/500px-Greek_lithograph_celebrating_the_Ottoman_Constitution.png 2x" data-file-width="1091" data-file-height="821" /></a><figcaption>Litograf yang merayakan <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Turki_Muda" title="Revolusi Turki Muda">Revolusi Turki Muda</a> dan menampilkan sumber-sumber inspirasi pergerakan ini, yaitu <a href="/wiki/Midhat_Pasha" title="Midhat Pasha">Midhat Pasha</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangeran_Sabahaddin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pangeran Sabahaddin (halaman belum tersedia)">Pangeran Sabahaddin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmed_Fuad_Pasha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmed Fuad Pasha (halaman belum tersedia)">Fuad Pasha</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Nam%C4%B1k_Kemal" title="Namık Kemal">Namık Kemal</a>, pemimpin militer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_Niyazi_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmed Niyazi Bey (halaman belum tersedia)">Niyazi Bey</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Enver_Pasha" title="Enver Pasha">Enver Pasha</a>, dan semboyan <a href="/wiki/Libert%C3%A9,_%C3%A9galit%C3%A9,_fraternit%C3%A9" title="Liberté, égalité, fraternité">kebebasan, keadilan, persaudaraan</a> (<i>"hürriyet, müsavat, uhuvvet"</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Turki Muda</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Turki" title="Bahasa Turki">bahasa Turki</a>: <span lang="tr"><i>Jön Türkler</i></span>, dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Prancis" title="Bahasa Prancis">bahasa Prancis</a>: <span lang="fr"><i>Les Jeunes Turcs</i></span>)adalah gerakan oposisi luas di akhir Kekaisaran Ottoman yang melakukan agitasi melawan rezim <a href="/wiki/Monarki_absolut" title="Monarki absolut">monarki absolut</a> di <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Utsmaniyah" title="Kesultanan Utsmaniyah">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah</a> dengan sistem <a href="/wiki/Monarki_konstitusional" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarki konstitusional">monarki konstitusional</a>. Organisasi gerakan yang paling kuat dan paling tergabung adalah Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan (CUP), meskipun tujuan, strategi, dan keanggotaannya terus berubah sepanjang masa pemerintahan Abdul Hamid. Pada tahun 1890-an, Kaum Muda Turki sebagian besar merupakan jaringan kaum intelektual yang diasingkan di Eropa Barat dan Mesir dan mencari nafkah dengan menjual surat kabar mereka kepada pelanggan rahasia. </p><p>Yang termasuk dalam gerakan oposisi adalah beragam ideologi, mulai dari demokrat, liberal, desentralisasi, sekuler, Darwinis sosial, teknokrat, monarki konstitusional, dan nasionalis, dan masih banyak lagi. Meski disebut Turki Muda, kelompok ini memiliki latar belakang etnis yang beragam; selain orang Turki, anggota Albania, Aromenian, Arab, Armenia, Azeri, Circassian, Yunani, Kurdi, dan Yahudi juga banyak. Selain keanggotaan dalam komite politik terlarang, jalur oposisi lainnya terdapat di kalangan ulama, kelompok sufi, dan kelompok masonik. Secara umum, Turki Muda lebih memilih mengambil alih kekuasaan dari Istana Yıldız untuk pemerintahan konstitusional. Banyak upaya kudeta yang terkait dengan jaringan Turki Muda terjadi pada era Hamidian, yang semuanya berakhir dengan kegagalan. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turki_Muda&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turki_Muda&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asal">Asal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turki_Muda&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Asal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turki_Muda&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Asal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terinspirasi oleh gerakan politik Italia Muda, Turki Muda berasal dari perkumpulan rahasia "mahasiswa kedokteran progresif dan kadet militer", yaitu Ottoman Muda, yang bergerak di bawah tanah bersama dengan semua perbedaan pendapat politik setelah Konstitusi tahun 1876 dihapuskan dan Konstitusi Pertama Era Konstitusional diakhiri oleh Sultan Abdul Hamid II pada tahun 1878 hanya dalam waktu dua tahun. Kaum Muda Turki menginginkan diberlakukannya kembali Parlemen Ottoman dan konstitusi tahun 1876, yang ditulis oleh Midhat Pasha yang reformis. </p><p>Meskipun bekerja dengan Ottoman Muda untuk mengumumkan konstitusi, Abdul Hamid II membubarkan parlemen pada tahun 1878 dan kembali ke rezim absolut, yang ditandai dengan penggunaan polisi rahasia secara ekstensif untuk membungkam perbedaan pendapat, dan pembantaian terhadap kelompok minoritas. Penentang konstitusionalis rezimnya, kemudian dikenal sebagai Turki Muda. Turki Muda adalah kelompok intelektual liberal sekuler dan revolusioner heterodoks, yang dipersatukan oleh penentangan mereka terhadap rezim absolut Abdul Hamid dan keinginan untuk menerapkan kembali konstitusi. Walaupun bernama Turki Muda, para anggotanya berasal dari agama dan etnik yang beragam, dengan banyak orang Albania, Arab, Armenia, Sirkasia, Yunani, Kurdi, dan Yahudi yang menjadi anggotanya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revolusi_Turki_Muda">Revolusi Turki Muda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turki_Muda&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Revolusi Turki Muda" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turki_Muda&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Revolusi Turki Muda"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Para pemimpin Turki Muda kemudian melancarkan pemberontakan melawan kekuasaan absolut <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Utsmaniyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Utsmaniyah">Sultan</a> <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II" title="Abdul Hamid II">Abdul Hamid II</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Turki_Muda" title="Revolusi Turki Muda">Revolusi Turki Muda</a> pada tahun 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanioğlu199512_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanioğlu199512-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Setelah melancarkan revolusi ini, gerakan Turki Muda membantu merintis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaman_Konstitusional_Kedua_(Turki_Utsmaniyah)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaman Konstitusional Kedua (Turki Utsmaniyah) (halaman belum tersedia)">Zaman Konstitusional Kedua</a> pada tahun 1908 yang memberlakukan sistem <a href="/wiki/Demokrasi" title="Demokrasi">demokrasi</a> multipartai untuk pertama kalinya dalam sejarah Utsmaniyah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam200648_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam200648-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Setelah tahun 1908, partai politik Turki Muda yang disebut <a href="/wiki/Komite_Persatuan_dan_Kemajuan" title="Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan">Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Turki" title="Bahasa Turki">bahasa Turki</a>: <span lang="tr"><i>İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti</i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalakian2003143_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalakian2003143-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mulai melancarkan program modernisasi militer dan politik di seluruh Kesultanan Utsmaniyah. Namun, partai ini mulai terpecah karena anggota Turki Muda yang lebih liberal dan pro-desentralisasi mendirikan partai oposisi pada akhir tahun 1911,<sup id="cite_ref-1912ss_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1912ss-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sementara mereka yang tetap bertahan mendukung kebijakan yang <a href="/wiki/Nasionalisme_Turki" title="Nasionalisme Turki">nasionalis</a> dan pro-sentralisasi.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson1990_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson1990-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1912, terjadi perebutan kekuasaan antara kedua faksi tersebut, dan pada tahun yang sama diadakan <a href="/wiki/Pemilihan_umum_Utsmaniyah_1912" title="Pemilihan umum Utsmaniyah 1912">pemilihan umum yang dicurangi</a> oleh Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan dan pemberontakan militer yang dilancarkan oleh oposisi. </p><p>Perebutan kekuasaan di antara kedua kelompok Turki Muda ini berakhir pada Januari 1913 ketika pemimpin Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan mengambil alih kekuasaan dengan melancarkan <a href="/wiki/Kudeta_Utsmaniyah_1913" title="Kudeta Utsmaniyah 1913">serangan di Sublime Porte</a>. Pemerintahan Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan kemudian dipimpin oleh menteri dalam negeri dan Wazir Agung <a href="/wiki/Talaat_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Talaat Pasha">Talaat Pasha</a>. Ia dibantu oleh menteri perang <a href="/wiki/Enver_Pasha" title="Enver Pasha">Enver Pasha</a> dan menteri angkatan laut <a href="/wiki/Djemal_Pasha" title="Djemal Pasha">Djemal Pasha</a>. "<a href="/wiki/Tiga_Pasha" title="Tiga Pasha">Tiga Pasha</a>" ini memiliki kekuasaan absolut dari tahun 1913 hingga 1918, mendekatkan negara Utsmaniyah dengan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Jerman" title="Kekaisaran Jerman">Kekaisaran Jerman</a>, menandatangani <a href="/wiki/Aliansi_Utsmaniyah-Jerman" class="mw-redirect" title="Aliansi Utsmaniyah-Jerman">Aliansi Utsmaniyah-Jerman</a> dan melibatkan Utsmaniyah dalam <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_I" title="Perang Dunia I">Perang Dunia I</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2006153_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2006153-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> serta melancarkan <a href="/wiki/Genosida_Armenia" title="Genosida Armenia">Genosida Armenia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Setelah perang berakhir, perebutan kekuasaan antara kedua faksi kembali meletus dan Tiga Pasha pergi ke pengasingan. Namun, kekuasaan faksi oposisi tidak bertahan lama akibat runtuhnya Kesultanan Utsmaniyah. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan_kaki">Catatan kaki</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turki_Muda&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan kaki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turki_Muda&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan kaki"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHanioğlu199512-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHanioğlu199512_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHanioğlu1995">Hanioğlu 1995</a>, hlm. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam200648-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam200648_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2006">Akçam 2006</a>, hlm. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalakian2003143-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalakian2003143_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalakian2003">Balakian 2003</a>, hlm. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1912ss-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1912ss_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Alkan, Mehmet Öznur (May 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131008070956/http://arsiv.setav.org/ups/dosya/10342.pdf">"Osmanlı'dan Günümüze Türkiye'de Seçimlerin Kısa Tarihi"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Setav. hlm. 50. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arsiv.setav.org/ups/dosya/10342.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2013-10-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Osmanl%C4%B1%27dan+G%C3%BCn%C3%BCm%C3%BCze+T%C3%BCrkiye%27de+Se%C3%A7imlerin+K%C4%B1sa+Tarihi&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Setav&rft.date=1999-05&rft.aulast=Alkan&rft.aufirst=Mehmet+%C3%96znur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farsiv.setav.org%2Fups%2Fdosya%2F10342.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATurki+Muda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson1990-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wilson1990_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wilson, Mary Christina (28 June 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yUGYsBRpqPkC&pg=PA19"><i>King Abdullah, Britain and the Making of Jordan</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 19. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-39987-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-39987-6">978-0-521-39987-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+Abdullah%2C+Britain+and+the+Making+of+Jordan&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990-06-28&rft.isbn=978-0-521-39987-6&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Mary+Christina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyUGYsBRpqPkC%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATurki+Muda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2006153-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2006153_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2006">Akçam 2006</a>, hlm. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1980" class="citation"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_J._Walker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher J. Walker (halaman belum tersedia)">Walker, Christopher J.</a> (1980), <i>Armenia: The Survival of A Nation</i>, London: Croom Helm, hlm. 200–3</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenia%3A+The+Survival+of+A+Nation&rft.place=London&rft.pages=200-3&rft.pub=Croom+Helm&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Christopher+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATurki+Muda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBryceBryceToynbee2000" class="citation">Bryce, Viscount; Bryce, James; Toynbee, Arnold (2000), Sarafian, Ara, ed., <i>The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, 1915–1916: Documents Presented to Viscount Grey of Falloden</i> (edisi ke-uncensored), Princeton, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">NJ</a>: Gomidas, hlm. 635–49, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-9535191-5-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-9535191-5-5">0-9535191-5-5</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Treatment+of+Armenians+in+the+Ottoman+Empire%2C+1915%E2%80%931916%3A+Documents+Presented+to+Viscount+Grey+of+Falloden&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pages=635-49&rft.edition=uncensored&rft.pub=Gomidas&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-9535191-5-5&rft.aulast=Bryce&rft.aufirst=Viscount&rft.au=Bryce%2C+James&rft.au=Toynbee%2C+Arnold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATurki+Muda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAkçam2012" class="citation">Akçam, Taner (2012), <i>Young Turks’ Crime Against Humanity : The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire</i>, Princeton, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">NJ</a>: Princeton University Press, hlm. 203</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Young+Turks%E2%80%99+Crime+Against+Humanity+%3A+The+Armenian+Genocide+and+Ethnic+Cleansing+in+the+Ottoman+Empire&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pages=203&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Ak%C3%A7am&rft.aufirst=Taner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATurki+Muda" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18342415">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Hourglass_drawing.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ikon rintisan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hourglass_drawing.svg/23px-Hourglass_drawing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hourglass_drawing.svg/35px-Hourglass_drawing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hourglass_drawing.svg/46px-Hourglass_drawing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="708" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">Artikel bertopik sejarah ini adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rintisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Rintisan">rintisan</a>. 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