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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Populations_and_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Populations_and_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Populations and languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Populations_and_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_political_status_in_Maine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_political_status_in_Maine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Special political status in Maine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_political_status_in_Maine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Passamaquoddy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Passamaquoddy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable Passamaquoddy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Passamaquoddy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Maps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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class="mw-page-title-main">Passamaquoddy</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%A9cites" title="Malécites – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Malécites" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Пасамакуоды – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пасамакуоды" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Пасамакуоди – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пасамакуоди" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passamakoddys" title="Passamakoddys – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Passamakoddys" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passamaquoddy" title="Passamaquoddy – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Passamaquoddy" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passamaquoddy" title="Passamaquoddy – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Passamaquoddy" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passamaquoddy" title="Passamaquoddy – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Passamaquoddy" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passamaquoddys" title="Passamaquoddys – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Passamaquoddys" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peskotomuhkati" title="Peskotomuhkati – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Peskotomuhkati" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passamaquoddy" title="Passamaquoddy – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Passamaquoddy" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passamaquoddy" title="Passamaquoddy – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Passamaquoddy" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passamaquoddy" title="Passamaquoddy – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Passamaquoddy" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4" title="പാസമക്വോഡി ജനത – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പാസമക്വോഡി ജനത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%82%B5%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A9%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3" title="パサマクォディ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パサマクォディ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passamaquoddy" title="Passamaquoddy – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Passamaquoddy" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Пассамакуоди – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пассамакуоди" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passamaquoddy" title="Passamaquoddy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Passamaquoddy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Пасамакводи – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пасамакводи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passamaquoddy" title="Passamaquoddy – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Passamaquoddy" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1649265#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Passamaquoddy_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Passamaquoddy (disambiguation)">Passamaquoddy (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Passamaquoddy</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div><span title="Malecite-Passamaquoddy-language text"><i lang="pqm">Peskotomuhkati</i></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peskotomuhkati_Canoe.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Peskotomuhkati_Canoe.png/267px-Peskotomuhkati_Canoe.png" decoding="async" width="267" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Peskotomuhkati_Canoe.png/401px-Peskotomuhkati_Canoe.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Peskotomuhkati_Canoe.png/534px-Peskotomuhkati_Canoe.png 2x" data-file-width="669" data-file-height="524" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Passamaquoddy men in a canoe (2016)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">3,575 enrolled tribal members<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passamaquoddy_Pleasant_Point_Reservation" title="Passamaquoddy Pleasant Point Reservation">Sipayik</a>: 2,005</li><li><a href="/wiki/Passamaquoddy_Indian_Township_Reservation" title="Passamaquoddy Indian Township Reservation">Motahkomikuk</a>: 1,364</li><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Andrews,_New_Brunswick" title="Saint Andrews, New Brunswick">Qonasqamkuk</a>: 206</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">United States (Maine)</th><td class="infobox-data">3,369 (0.3%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Canada (New Brunswick)</th><td class="infobox-data">206 (0.03%)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Maliseet-Passamaquoddy_language" title="Maliseet-Passamaquoddy language">Maliseet-Passamaquoddy</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Abenaki_mythology" title="Abenaki mythology">Wabanaki mythology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Abenaki" title="Abenaki">Abenaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maliseet" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliseet">Maliseet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mi%27kmaq" title="Mi'kmaq">Mi'kmaq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penobscot" title="Penobscot">Penobscot</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="background:#fff6d9"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Person</th><td class="infobox-data">Peskotomuhkat</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">People</th><td class="infobox-data"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Peskotomuhkatiyik</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maliseet-Passamaquoddy_language" title="Maliseet-Passamaquoddy language">Peskotomuhkatuwey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dawnland" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawnland">Peskotomuhkatihkuk</a><br />     <a href="/wiki/Dawnland" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawnland">Wabanaki</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Passamaquoddy</b> (<a href="/wiki/Maliseet-Passamaquoddy_language" title="Maliseet-Passamaquoddy language">Passamaquoddy</a>: <i>Peskotomuhkati</i>, Plural: <i>Peskotomuhkatiyik</i>) are a <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a>/<a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> people who live in northeastern North America. Their traditional homeland, <i>Peskotomuhkatikuk</i>, straddles the Canadian province of <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> and the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> in a region called Dawnland. They are one of the constituent nations of the <a href="/wiki/Wabanaki_Confederacy" title="Wabanaki Confederacy">Wabanaki Confederacy</a>. </p><p>The <b>Passamaquoddy Tribe</b> in Maine is a <a href="/wiki/Federally_recognized_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Federally recognized tribe">federally recognized tribe</a>. The Passamaquoddy people in Canada have an organized government, but do not have official First Nations status. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passamaquoddy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name "Passamaquoddy" is an anglicization of the Passamaquoddy word <i>peskotomuhkati</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Prenoun" title="Prenoun">prenoun</a> form (prenouns being a linguistic feature of <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian languages</a>) of <i>Peskotomuhkat</i> (<i>pestəmohkat</i>), their <a href="/wiki/Endonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Endonym">endonym</a>, or the name that they use for themselves. <i>Peskotomuhkat</i> literally means "pollock-spearer" or "those of the place where <a href="/wiki/Pollock" title="Pollock">pollock</a> are plentiful",<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reflecting the importance of this fish in their culture.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their method of <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a> was spear-fishing, rather than angling or using nets. <a href="/wiki/Passamaquoddy_Bay" title="Passamaquoddy Bay">Passamaquoddy Bay</a> is shared by both New Brunswick and Maine; its name was derived by the English settlers from the Passamaquoddy people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passamaquoddy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Algonquin_legends_of_New_England_-_or,_Myths_and_folk_lore_of_the_Micmac,_Passamaquoddy,_and_Penobscot_tribes_(1884)_(14577440799).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/The_Algonquin_legends_of_New_England_-_or%2C_Myths_and_folk_lore_of_the_Micmac%2C_Passamaquoddy%2C_and_Penobscot_tribes_%281884%29_%2814577440799%29.jpg/267px-The_Algonquin_legends_of_New_England_-_or%2C_Myths_and_folk_lore_of_the_Micmac%2C_Passamaquoddy%2C_and_Penobscot_tribes_%281884%29_%2814577440799%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/The_Algonquin_legends_of_New_England_-_or%2C_Myths_and_folk_lore_of_the_Micmac%2C_Passamaquoddy%2C_and_Penobscot_tribes_%281884%29_%2814577440799%29.jpg/401px-The_Algonquin_legends_of_New_England_-_or%2C_Myths_and_folk_lore_of_the_Micmac%2C_Passamaquoddy%2C_and_Penobscot_tribes_%281884%29_%2814577440799%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/The_Algonquin_legends_of_New_England_-_or%2C_Myths_and_folk_lore_of_the_Micmac%2C_Passamaquoddy%2C_and_Penobscot_tribes_%281884%29_%2814577440799%29.jpg/534px-The_Algonquin_legends_of_New_England_-_or%2C_Myths_and_folk_lore_of_the_Micmac%2C_Passamaquoddy%2C_and_Penobscot_tribes_%281884%29_%2814577440799%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1612" /></a><figcaption>A Passamaquoddy story scraped onto birch bark</figcaption></figure><p> The Passamaquoddy have an <a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">oral history</a> supported with visual imagery, such as birchbark etching and petrographs prior to European contact. Among the <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian</a>-speaking tribes of the loose <a href="/wiki/Wabanaki_Confederacy" title="Wabanaki Confederacy">Wabanaki Confederacy</a>, they occupy coastal regions along the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Fundy" title="Bay of Fundy">Bay of Fundy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Passamaquoddy_Bay" title="Passamaquoddy Bay">Passamaquoddy Bay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Maine" title="Gulf of Maine">Gulf of Maine</a>, and along the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix_River_(Maine_%E2%80%93_New_Brunswick)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Croix River (Maine – New Brunswick)">St. Croix River</a> and its tributaries. Traditionally, they had seasonal patterns of settlement. In the winter, they dispersed and hunted inland. In the summer, they gathered more closely together on the coast and islands, and primarily harvested seafood, including marine mammals, mollusks, crustaceans, and fish.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:This_mannequin_Illustrates_Passamaquoddy_life_in_the_1500s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/This_mannequin_Illustrates_Passamaquoddy_life_in_the_1500s.jpg/220px-This_mannequin_Illustrates_Passamaquoddy_life_in_the_1500s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/This_mannequin_Illustrates_Passamaquoddy_life_in_the_1500s.jpg/330px-This_mannequin_Illustrates_Passamaquoddy_life_in_the_1500s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/This_mannequin_Illustrates_Passamaquoddy_life_in_the_1500s.jpg/440px-This_mannequin_Illustrates_Passamaquoddy_life_in_the_1500s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>A mannequin representing a 16th-century Passamaquoddy man</figcaption></figure> <p>Settlers of European descent repeatedly forced the Passamaquoddy off their original lands from the 1800s. After the United States achieved independence from Great Britain, the tribe was eventually officially limited to the current <a href="/wiki/Passamaquoddy_Indian_Township_Reservation" title="Passamaquoddy Indian Township Reservation">Indian Township Reservation</a>, at <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Passamaquoddy&params=45_15_57_N_67_36_43_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°15′57″N</span> <span class="longitude">67°36′43″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.26583°N 67.61194°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.26583; -67.61194</span></span></span></a></span></span>, in eastern <a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Maine" title="Washington County, Maine">Washington County, Maine</a>. It has a land area of 37.45 square miles (97.0 km<sup>2</sup>) and a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census,_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Census, 2000">2000 census</a> resident population of 676 persons. They also control the small <a href="/wiki/Passamaquoddy_Pleasant_Point_Reservation" title="Passamaquoddy Pleasant Point Reservation">Passamaquoddy Pleasant Point Reservation</a> in eastern Washington County, which has a land area of 0.5 square miles (1.3 km<sup>2</sup>) and a population of 749, per the 2010 census.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2010_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2010-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Passamaquoddy have also lived on <a href="/wiki/Off-reservation_trust_land" title="Off-reservation trust land">off-reservation trust lands</a> in five Maine counties. These lands total almost four times the size of the reservations proper. They are located in northern and western <a href="/wiki/Somerset_County,_Maine" title="Somerset County, Maine">Somerset County</a>, northern <a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Maine" title="Franklin County, Maine">Franklin County</a>, northeastern <a href="/wiki/Hancock_County,_Maine" title="Hancock County, Maine">Hancock County</a>, western Washington County, and several locations in eastern and western <a href="/wiki/Penobscot_County,_Maine" title="Penobscot County, Maine">Penobscot County</a>. The total land area of these areas is 373.888 km<sup>2</sup> (144.359 sq mi). As of the 2000 census, no residents were on these trust lands. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2695T_Passamaquoddy_Trust_Land_Locator_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/2695T_Passamaquoddy_Trust_Land_Locator_Map.svg/220px-2695T_Passamaquoddy_Trust_Land_Locator_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/2695T_Passamaquoddy_Trust_Land_Locator_Map.svg/330px-2695T_Passamaquoddy_Trust_Land_Locator_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/2695T_Passamaquoddy_Trust_Land_Locator_Map.svg/440px-2695T_Passamaquoddy_Trust_Land_Locator_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="979" data-file-height="1483" /></a><figcaption>Location of Passamaquoddy off-reservation trust lands</figcaption></figure> <p>The Passamaquoddy also live in <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_County,_New_Brunswick" title="Charlotte County, New Brunswick">Charlotte County, New Brunswick</a>, Canada, where they have a chief and organized government. They maintain active land claims in Canada but do not have legal status there as a <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nation</a>. Some Passamaquoddy continue to seek the return of territory now within present-day <a href="/wiki/St._Andrews,_New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Andrews, New Brunswick">St. Andrews, New Brunswick</a>, which they claim as <i><a href="/wiki/St._Andrews,_New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Andrews, New Brunswick">Qonasqamkuk</a>,</i> a Passamaquoddy ancestral capital and burial ground. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Populations_and_languages">Populations and languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passamaquoddy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Populations and languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The total Passamaquoddy population is around 3,576 people. About 500 people, most if not all over the age of 50, speak the <a href="/wiki/Maliseet-Passamaquoddy_language" title="Maliseet-Passamaquoddy language">Maliseet-Passamaquoddy language</a>, shared (other than minor differences in dialect) with the neighboring and related <a href="/wiki/Maliseet" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliseet">Maliseet</a> people. It belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian</a> branch of the <a href="/wiki/Algic_languages" title="Algic languages">Algic</a> language family. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maine" title="University of Maine">University of Maine</a> published a comprehensive <i>Passamaquoddy Dictionary</i> in 2008. Another resource for the language is the online Passamaquoddy-Maliseet Language Portal, which includes many videos, subtitled in English and Passamaquoddy, of native speakers conversing in the language. Most of the people speak English as their first language. </p><p>While the Passamaquoddy population in Canada is much smaller than that in Maine, it has a formal structure and a chief, Hugh Akagi. Most of its people speak French and English. It is not recognized by the Canadian government as constituting a <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nation</a>. In 2004, Chief Akagi was authorized to represent the Passamaquoddy at events marking the 400th anniversary of French settlement of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix_Island,_Maine" title="Saint Croix Island, Maine">St Croix Island</a> (the first French effort at permanent settlement in the New World). This indicates that the government had acknowledged the tribe to some extent, and progress is being made in formal recognition.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Special_political_status_in_Maine">Special political status in Maine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passamaquoddy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Special political status in Maine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Strategic_Technical_Assistance_Response_Team_(START)_Program_(9078554334).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Strategic_Technical_Assistance_Response_Team_%28START%29_Program_%289078554334%29.jpg/220px-Strategic_Technical_Assistance_Response_Team_%28START%29_Program_%289078554334%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Strategic_Technical_Assistance_Response_Team_%28START%29_Program_%289078554334%29.jpg/330px-Strategic_Technical_Assistance_Response_Team_%28START%29_Program_%289078554334%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Strategic_Technical_Assistance_Response_Team_%28START%29_Program_%289078554334%29.jpg/440px-Strategic_Technical_Assistance_Response_Team_%28START%29_Program_%289078554334%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The START energy planning workshop held at the Passamaquoddy Tribes of Indian Township and Pleasant Point in Maine</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tanner_Hall_Simon_Dumont.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Tanner_Hall_Simon_Dumont.png/220px-Tanner_Hall_Simon_Dumont.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Tanner_Hall_Simon_Dumont.png 1.5x" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption>Tanner Hall and Simon Dumont at the winter <a href="/wiki/X_Games" title="X Games">X Games</a> in 2008</figcaption></figure> <p>The Passamaquoddy, along with the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Penobscot" title="Penobscot">Penobscot</a>, are given special political status in <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>. Both groups are allowed to send a nonvoting representative to the <a href="/wiki/Maine_House_of_Representatives" title="Maine House of Representatives">Maine House of Representatives</a>. Although these representatives cannot vote, they may sponsor any legislation regarding American Indian affairs, and may co-sponsor any other legislation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Passamaquoddy">Notable Passamaquoddy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passamaquoddy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notable Passamaquoddy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Moses_Bridges" title="David Moses Bridges">David Moses Bridges</a> (Passamaquoddy, 1962–2017), Sipayik, birchbark artist and canoe maker<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Dumont" title="Simon Dumont">Simon Dumont</a>, freestyle skier<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomah_Joseph" title="Tomah Joseph">Tomah Joseph</a> (1837–1914), governor, guide, and artist<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Joseph_Neptune" title="Francis Joseph Neptune">Francis Joseph Neptune</a>, former Sakom<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Neptune_Parker" title="Molly Neptune Parker">Molly Neptune Parker</a>, master basketmaker<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geo_Soctomah_Neptune" title="Geo Soctomah Neptune">Geo Soctomah Neptune</a>, master basketmaker<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rena_Newell" title="Rena Newell">Rena Newell</a>, tribal member of the <a href="/wiki/Maine_House_of_Representatives" title="Maine House of Representatives">Maine House of Representatives</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Soctomah" title="Donald Soctomah">Donald Soctomah</a>, former tribal state representative, tribal historic preservation officer<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_Soctomah" title="Madonna Soctomah">Madonna Soctomah</a>, tribal council member, former state representative<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maps">Maps</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passamaquoddy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Maps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maps showing the approximate locations of areas occupied by members of the <a href="/wiki/Wabanaki_Confederacy" title="Wabanaki Confederacy">Wabanaki Confederacy</a> (from north to south): </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 260px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 255px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Mi%27kmaq.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Miꞌkmaq"><img alt="Miꞌkmaq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/The_Mi%27kmaq.png/225px-The_Mi%27kmaq.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/The_Mi%27kmaq.png/338px-The_Mi%27kmaq.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/The_Mi%27kmaq.png/450px-The_Mi%27kmaq.png 2x" data-file-width="2360" data-file-height="1650" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaq">Miꞌkmaq</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 260px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 255px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wohngebiet_Maliseet.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Maliseet, Passamaquoddy"><img alt="Maliseet, Passamaquoddy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Wohngebiet_Maliseet.png/156px-Wohngebiet_Maliseet.png" decoding="async" width="156" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Wohngebiet_Maliseet.png/234px-Wohngebiet_Maliseet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Wohngebiet_Maliseet.png/311px-Wohngebiet_Maliseet.png 2x" data-file-width="1003" data-file-height="1609" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Maliseet" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliseet">Maliseet</a>, Passamaquoddy</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 260px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 255px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wohngebiet_Oestlicheabenaki.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Eastern Abenaki (Penobscot, Kennebec, Arosaguntacook, Pigwacket/Pequawket)"><img alt="Eastern Abenaki (Penobscot, Kennebec, Arosaguntacook, Pigwacket/Pequawket)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Wohngebiet_Oestlicheabenaki.png/180px-Wohngebiet_Oestlicheabenaki.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Wohngebiet_Oestlicheabenaki.png/270px-Wohngebiet_Oestlicheabenaki.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Wohngebiet_Oestlicheabenaki.png/360px-Wohngebiet_Oestlicheabenaki.png 2x" data-file-width="1247" data-file-height="1732" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Eastern Abenaki (<a href="/wiki/Penobscot" title="Penobscot">Penobscot</a>, Kennebec, <a href="/wiki/Androscoggin_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Androscoggin (tribe)">Arosaguntacook</a>, Pigwacket/Pequawket)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 260px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 255px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wohngebiet_Westlicheabenaki.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Western Abenaki (Arsigantegok, Missisquoi, Cowasuck, Sokoki, Pennacook"><img alt="Western Abenaki (Arsigantegok, Missisquoi, Cowasuck, Sokoki, Pennacook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Wohngebiet_Westlicheabenaki.png/192px-Wohngebiet_Westlicheabenaki.png" decoding="async" width="192" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Wohngebiet_Westlicheabenaki.png/288px-Wohngebiet_Westlicheabenaki.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Wohngebiet_Westlicheabenaki.png/384px-Wohngebiet_Westlicheabenaki.png 2x" data-file-width="1255" data-file-height="1633" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Western Abenaki (Arsigantegok, Missisquoi, Cowasuck, Sokoki, <a href="/wiki/Pennacook" title="Pennacook">Pennacook</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passamaquoddy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Joint_Tribal_Council_of_the_Passamaquoddy_Tribe_v._Morton" title="Joint Tribal Council of the Passamaquoddy Tribe v. Morton">Joint Tribal Council of the Passamaquoddy Tribe v. Morton</a></i> (1st Cir. 1975)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210626210339/https://bangordailynews.com/2021/05/18/news/down-east/passamaquoddy-tribe-reacquires-stolen-land-on-pine-island/?fbclid=IwAR0WHvJG-LN1Ch8QMgvnla0yuigh7JoT6A0XXGwRT4diD3pfHZ0u6UIyMNM">Passanaquoddy Tribe reacquires stolen land on Pine Island</a>, <i>Bangor Daily News</i> 18 May 2021</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passamaquoddy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passamaquoddy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erickson, Vincent O. 1978. "Maliseet-Passamaquoddy". In <i>Northeast</i>, ed. Bruce G. Trigger. Vol. 15 of <i>Handbook of North American Indians</i>, ed. William C. Sturtevant. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, pg. 135. Cited in Campbell, Lyle (1997). <i>American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pg. 401.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.unb.ca/Texts/Maliseet/dictionary/index.php?command=listAlpha&letter=p">"Maliseet" - <i>Passamaquoddy Dictionary</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080829162402/http://www.nps.gov/acad/historyculture/ethnography.htm">"Acadia National Park - Wabanaki Ethnography (U.S. National Park Service)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/acad/historyculture/ethnography.htm">the original</a> on 2008-08-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-08-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Acadia+National+Park+-+Wabanaki+Ethnography+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Facad%2Fhistoryculture%2Fethnography.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassamaquoddy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census_2010-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census_2010_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov">"Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Passamaquoddy Pleasant Point Reservation, Washington County, Maine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Profile+of+General+Population+and+Housing+Characteristics%3A+2010+Demographic+Profile+Data+%28DP-1%29%3A+Passamaquoddy+Pleasant+Point+Reservation%2C+Washington+County%2C+Maine&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassamaquoddy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudin, Ronald. <i>Remembering and Forgetting in Acadie: A Historian's Journey through Public Memory</i> (Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 2009).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://davidmosesbridges.com/">"DAVID MOSES BRIDGES – PASSAMAQUODDY BIRCHBARK ARTIST AND CANOE BUILDER"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Apr 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DAVID+MOSES+BRIDGES+%E2%80%93+PASSAMAQUODDY+BIRCHBARK+ARTIST+AND+CANOE+BUILDER&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdavidmosesbridges.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassamaquoddy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mainecf.org/find-a-scholarship/available-scholarships/david-moses-bridges-scholarship/">"David Moses Bridges Scholarship – Maine Community Foundation"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Apr 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=David+Moses+Bridges+Scholarship+%E2%80%93+Maine+Community+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mainecf.org%2Ffind-a-scholarship%2Favailable-scholarships%2Fdavid-moses-bridges-scholarship%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassamaquoddy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstpeoplesfund.org/artists/david-moses-bridges">"David Moses Bridges"</a>. <i>First Peoples Fund</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Apr 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wbur.org&rft.atitle=David+Moses+Bridges%2C+Bar+Harbor+Resident+Who+Embraced+Native+American+Traditions%2C+And+Nature%2C+Fully&rft.date=2018-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wbur.org%2Fremembrance-project%2F2018%2F01%2F31%2Fdavid-moses-bridges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassamaquoddy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2009/02/13/native-heritage-source-strength-world-class-athlete-82281">"Native heritage source of strength for world-class athlete"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Indian_Country_Today_Media_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Country Today Media Network">Indian Country Today Media Network</a>. 13 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Native+heritage+source+of+strength+for+world-class+athlete&rft.pub=Indian+Country+Today+Media+Network&rft.date=2009-02-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com%2F2009%2F02%2F13%2Fnative-heritage-source-strength-world-class-athlete-82281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassamaquoddy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/tomah-joseph-passamaquoddy-elder-who-mentored-a-president.htm">"Tomah Joseph—Passamaquoddy Elder Who Mentored a President"</a>. <i>U.S. National Park Service</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=Tomah+Joseph%E2%80%94Passamaquoddy+Elder+Who+Mentored+a+President&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Farticles%2F000%2Ftomah-joseph-passamaquoddy-elder-who-mentored-a-president.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassamaquoddy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rmc.library.cornell.edu/EAD/htmldocs/RMM09014.html">"Guide to the Passamaquoddy Indian Papers,1775-1912, (bulk 1830-1875)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cornell+University&rft.atitle=Guide+to+the+Passamaquoddy+Indian+Papers%2C1775-1912%2C+%28bulk+1830-1875%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frmc.library.cornell.edu%2FEAD%2Fhtmldocs%2FRMM09014.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassamaquoddy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen2020" class="citation news cs1">Green, Penelope (15 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/15/us/molly-neptune-parker-dead.html">"Molly Neptune Parker, Basket Maker and Tribal Elder, Dies at 81"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Molly+Neptune+Parker%2C+Basket+Maker+and+Tribal+Elder%2C+Dies+at+81&rft.date=2020-07-15&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Penelope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F07%2F15%2Fus%2Fmolly-neptune-parker-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassamaquoddy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americanart.si.edu/exhibitions/invitational-2023/online/geo-neptune">"Geo Neptune, One of the featured artists in Sharing Honors and Burdens: Renwick Invitational 2023"</a>. <i>Smithsonian American Art Museum</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+American+Art+Museum&rft.atitle=Geo+Neptune%2C+One+of+the+featured+artists+in+Sharing+Honors+and+Burdens%3A+Renwick+Invitational+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famericanart.si.edu%2Fexhibitions%2Finvitational-2023%2Fonline%2Fgeo-neptune&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassamaquoddy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaugherty2019" class="citation news cs1">Daugherty, Owen (May 16, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/444157-maine-becomes-first-state-to-ban-use-of-native-american-mascots-at">"Maine becomes first state to ban use of Native American mascots at public schools"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Maine+becomes+first+state+to+ban+use+of+Native+American+mascots+at+public+schools&rft.date=2019-05-16&rft.aulast=Daugherty&rft.aufirst=Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fstate-watch%2F444157-maine-becomes-first-state-to-ban-use-of-native-american-mascots-at&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassamaquoddy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsroom.loc.gov/passamaquoddy-dwayne-tomah-and-donald-soctomah-in-pine-island/a/313fe987-599b-4ee4-ba41-833257e0aa2e">"Passamaquoddy Dwayne Tomah and Donald Soctomah in Pine Island"</a>. <i>Library of Congress</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=Passamaquoddy+Dwayne+Tomah+and+Donald+Soctomah+in+Pine+Island&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsroom.loc.gov%2Fpassamaquoddy-dwayne-tomah-and-donald-soctomah-in-pine-island%2Fa%2F313fe987-599b-4ee4-ba41-833257e0aa2e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassamaquoddy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrenchTides2023" class="citation news cs1">French, Edward; Tides, Quoddy (11 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://themainemonitor.org/film-stirs-emotions-among-passamaquoddy/">"Language-keepers film stirs emotions among Passamaquoddy tribal citizens"</a>. <i>The Maine Monitor</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Maine+Monitor&rft.atitle=Language-keepers+film+stirs+emotions+among+Passamaquoddy+tribal+citizens&rft.date=2023-11-11&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.au=Tides%2C+Quoddy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthemainemonitor.org%2Ffilm-stirs-emotions-among-passamaquoddy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APassamaquoddy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passamaquoddy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov">Indian Township Reservation and Passamaquoddy Trust Land, Maine</a> United States Census Bureau</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passamaquoddy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sockabasin, Allen J. 2007. <i>An Upriver Passamaquoddy</i>. Thomaston, Maine: Tilbury House</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Passamaquoddy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wabanaki.com">Passamaquoddy Tribal Government Web Site (Pleasant Point)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.passamaquoddy.com">Passamaquoddy Tribal Government Web Site (Indian Township)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pmportal.org">Passamaquoddy-Maliseet Language Portal (includes dictionary and videos)</a></li> <li><i>The Boston Globe Magazine</i>, October 27, 1985 issue, article by Peter Anderson</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/17997">Contribution to Passamaquoddy Folk-Lore</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Walter_Fewkes" title="Jesse Walter Fewkes">J. Walter Fewkes</a>, reprinted from the Journal of American Folk-Lore, October–December, 1890, from <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091027183857/http://geocities.com/CapitolHill/9118/pass.html">Passamaquoddy Origins</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rememberingacadie.concordia.ca">Acadian Commemorative Website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150922120756/http://rememberingacadie.concordia.ca/">Archived</a> 2015-09-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pressherald.com/2014/06/29/an-unlikely-handshake-alters-the-course-of-maines-history/">"An Unlikely Handshake Alters the Course of Maine's History,"</a> <i>Portland Press Herald</i>, July 5, 2014.</li></ul> <div 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