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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jóiniki</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 31 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 idiomas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A" title="خوينيكي (árabe)" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خوينيكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Хойники (baskir)" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хойники" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choinik%C4%81" title="Choinikā (Samogitian)" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Choinikā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Хойнікі (bielorruso)" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хойнікі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Хвойнікі (Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography))" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хвойнікі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Хойники (búlgaro)" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хойники" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%B2iniki" title="Khòiniki (catalán)" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Khòiniki" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Хойники (checheno)" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хойники" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="checheno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chojniki_(lungsod_sa_Belarus)" title="Chojniki (lungsod sa Belarus) (cebuano)" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Chojniki (lungsod sa Belarus)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chojniki" title="Chojniki (checo)" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chojniki" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chojniki" title="Chojniki (alemán)" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chojniki" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%8A%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B9" title="Χοϊνίκι (griego)" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χοϊνίκι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="griego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoiniki" title="Khoiniki (inglés)" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Khoiniki" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chojniki" title="Chojniki (estonio)" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Chojniki" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="خوینیکی (persa)" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خوینیکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E2%80%99oiniki" title="H’oiniki (finés)" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="H’oiniki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kho%C3%AFniki" title="Khoïniki (francés)" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Khoïniki" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chojniki_(Steed)" title="Chojniki (Steed) (frisón septentrional)" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Chojniki (Steed)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisón septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99" title="חויניקי (hebreo)" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חויניקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chojniki" title="Chojniki (alto sorbio)" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Chojniki" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alto sorbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chojniki" title="Chojniki (italiano)" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chojniki" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choinikai" title="Choinikai (lituano)" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Choinikai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoj%C5%86iki" title="Hojņiki (letón)" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hojņiki" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chojniki" title="Chojniki (noruego bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Chojniki" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruego bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chojniki_(obw%C3%B3d_homelski)" title="Chojniki (obwód homelski) (polaco)" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chojniki (obwód homelski)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Хойники (ruso)" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хойники" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Хојники (serbio)" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хојники" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chojniki" title="Chojniki (sueco)" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Chojniki" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Хойники (tártaro)" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хойники" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tártaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Хойники (ucraniano)" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хойники" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA" title="霍伊尼基 (chino)" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="霍伊尼基" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q955588#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar enlaces interlingüísticos" class="wbc-editpage">Editar enlaces</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacios de nombres"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3iniki" title="Ver la página de contenido [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artículo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discusi%C3%B3n:J%C3%B3iniki&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discusión acerca de la página (aún no redactado) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discusión</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar variante de idioma" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">español</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3iniki"><span>Leer</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3iniki&action=edit" title="Editar esta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3iniki&action=history" title="Versiones anteriores de esta página [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Página de herramientas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Herramientas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Herramientas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Herramientas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Más opciones" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acciones </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3iniki"><span>Leer</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3iniki&action=edit" title="Editar esta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3iniki&action=history"><span>Ver historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:LoQueEnlazaAqu%C3%AD/J%C3%B3iniki" title="Lista de todas las páginas de la wiki que enlazan aquí [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lo que enlaza aquí</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:CambiosEnEnlazadas/J%C3%B3iniki" rel="nofollow" title="Cambios recientes en las páginas que enlazan con esta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Cambios en enlazadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=es" title="Subir archivos [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Subir archivo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginasEspeciales" title="Lista de todas las páginas especiales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3iniki&oldid=150261226" title="Enlace permanente a esta versión de la página"><span>Enlace permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3iniki&action=info" title="Más información sobre esta página"><span>Información de la página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=J%C3%B3iniki&id=150261226&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Información sobre cómo citar esta página"><span>Citar esta página</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Acortador_de_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fes.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJ%25C3%25B3iniki"><span>Obtener URL acortado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fes.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJ%25C3%25B3iniki"><span>Descargar código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=J%C3%B3iniki"><span>Crear un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=J%C3%B3iniki&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descargar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3iniki&printable=yes" title="Versión imprimible de esta página [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versión para imprimir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En otros proyectos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chojniki" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q955588" title="Enlace al elemento conectado del repositorio de datos [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento de Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Página de herramientas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apariencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apariencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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class="latitude">51°54′00″N </span><span class="longitude">29°58′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Mapas, fotos y otros datos de 51.9 29.966666666667"><span class="geo"><span class="latitude">51.9, </span><span class="longitude">29.966666666667</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="es" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r157776694">.mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen{max-width:100%;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen img{max-width:100%;height:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .mw-kartographer-container .thumbinner,.mw-parser-output .infobox .mw-kartographer-map{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%!important}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen a.image>img{max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22.7em; line-height: 1.4em; text-align:left; padding:.23em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" class="cabecera mapa fn org" style="text-align:center;background-color:transparent;color:inherit;">Jóiniki<br /><span style="font-size:smaller"><i>Хо́йнікі / Хо́йники</i></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; background-color:#cddeff;"> <a href="/wiki/Anexo:Ciudades_de_Bielorrusia" title="Anexo:Ciudades de Bielorrusia">Ciudad subdistrital</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" class="imagen" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Museum_in_Chojniki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Museum_in_Chojniki.jpg/250px-Museum_in_Chojniki.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Museum_in_Chojniki.jpg/375px-Museum_in_Chojniki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Museum_in_Chojniki.jpg/500px-Museum_in_Chojniki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3100" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-size:smaller; font-weight:normal;">Palacio-museo en Jóiniki</div> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="align:center;"><br /><table class="mergedrow" style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;background-color:transparent;align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Flag_of_Chojniki.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Chojniki.svg/100px-Flag_of_Chojniki.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Chojniki.svg/150px-Flag_of_Chojniki.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Chojniki.svg/200px-Flag_of_Chojniki.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-size:smaller;;">Bandera</div></td><td style="text-align:center;align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:transparent;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Coat_of_Arms_of_Chojniki,_Belarus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Coat_of_Arms_of_Chojniki%2C_Belarus.svg/73px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Chojniki%2C_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="73" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Coat_of_Arms_of_Chojniki%2C_Belarus.svg/110px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Chojniki%2C_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Coat_of_Arms_of_Chojniki%2C_Belarus.svg/147px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Chojniki%2C_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="360" /></a></span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-size:smaller;;">Escudo</div> <br /></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" class="imagen" style="text-align:center;padding:0.8em 0.7em; text-align:center;"> <div class="center"><div style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Belarus_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Jóiniki ubicada en Bielorrusia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Belarus_location_map.svg/250px-Belarus_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Belarus_location_map.svg/375px-Belarus_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Belarus_location_map.svg/500px-Belarus_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1626" data-file-height="1451" /></a></span><div style="position:absolute;top:84.906%;left:69.967%;height:0;width:0;margin:0;padding:0"><div style="position:absolute;text-align:center;left:-3px;top:-3px;width:5px;font-size:5px;line-height:0"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Jóiniki"><img alt="Jóiniki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/5px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="font-size:90%;line-height:110%;position:absolute;width:6em;top:-0.75em;left:4px;text-align:left"><span style="padding:1px;float:left">Jóiniki</span></div></div></div><div style="font-size:90%;padding-top:3px"></div></div></div></div><div style="display:inline;font-size:smaller;;">Localización de Jóiniki en Bielorrusia</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding:2px 7px; width:30%;;"><a href="/wiki/Coordenadas_geogr%C3%A1ficas" title="Coordenadas geográficas">Coordenadas</a></th><td colspan="2" style="padding:2px 7px 1px 1px;"> <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=es&pagename=J%C3%B3iniki&params=51.9_N_29.966666666667_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapas, fotos y otros datos de 51°54′00″N 29°58′00″E"><span class="latitude">51°54′00″N </span><span class="longitude">29°58′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Mapas, fotos y otros datos de 51.9 29.966666666667"><span class="geo"><span class="latitude">51.9, </span><span class="longitude">29.966666666667</span></span></span></span></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding:2px 7px; width:30%;;"><a href="/wiki/Entidad_subnacional" class="mw-redirect" title="Entidad subnacional">Entidad</a></th><td colspan="2" style="padding:2px 7px 1px 1px;"> <a href="/wiki/Anexo:Ciudades_de_Bielorrusia" title="Anexo:Ciudades de Bielorrusia">Ciudad subdistrital</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100;"> • <a href="/wiki/Anexo:Pa%C3%ADses" title="Anexo:Países">País</a></th><td colspan="2" style="border:0;padding:1px 7px 1px 1px;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Flag_of_Belarus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandera de Bielorrusia"><img alt="Bandera de Bielorrusia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bielorrusia" title="Bielorrusia">Bielorrusia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100;"> • <a href="/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_territorial_de_Bielorrusia" title="Organización territorial de Bielorrusia">Provincia</a></th><td colspan="2" style="border:0;padding:1px 7px 1px 1px;"> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Homyel_Voblast.svg/20px-Flag_of_Homyel_Voblast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Homyel_Voblast.svg/30px-Flag_of_Homyel_Voblast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Homyel_Voblast.svg/40px-Flag_of_Homyel_Voblast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Provincia_de_G%C3%B3mel" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia de Gómel">Gómel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100;"> • <a href="/wiki/Rai%C3%B3n" title="Raión">Raión</a></th><td colspan="2" style="border:0;padding:1px 7px 1px 1px;"> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Chojniki.svg/20px-Flag_of_Chojniki.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Chojniki.svg/30px-Flag_of_Chojniki.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Chojniki.svg/40px-Flag_of_Chojniki.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rai%C3%B3n_de_Joiniki" title="Raión de Joiniki">Jóiniki</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding:2px 7px; width:30%;;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rea" title="Área">Superficie</a></th><td colspan="2" style="padding:2px 7px 1px 1px;">  </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100;"> • Total</th><td colspan="2" style="border:0;padding:1px 7px 1px 1px;"> 20,5 <a href="/wiki/Kil%C3%B3metro_cuadrado" title="Kilómetro cuadrado">km²</a><span class="wikidata-link lapiz noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q955588?uselang=es#P2046" title="Ver y modificar los datos en Wikidata"><img alt="Ver y modificar los datos en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding:2px 7px; width:30%;;"><a href="/wiki/Altitud" title="Altitud">Altitud</a></th><td colspan="2" style="padding:2px 7px 1px 1px;">  </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100;"> • Media</th><td colspan="2" style="border:0;padding:1px 7px 1px 1px;"> 128 <a href="/wiki/Msnm" class="mw-redirect" title="Msnm">m s. n. m.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding:2px 7px; width:30%;;"><a href="/wiki/Poblaci%C3%B3n" title="Población">Población</a> (2024)</th><td colspan="2" style="padding:2px 7px 1px 1px;">  </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100;"> • Total</th><td colspan="2" style="border:0;padding:1px 7px 1px 1px;"> 13 167 hab.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;border:0;padding:1px 7px;font-weight:100;"> • <a href="/wiki/Densidad_de_poblaci%C3%B3n" title="Densidad de población">Densidad</a></th><td colspan="2" style="border:0;padding:1px 7px 1px 1px;"> 642,29 hab./km²</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding:2px 7px; width:30%;;"><a href="/wiki/Huso_horario" title="Huso horario">Huso horario</a></th><td colspan="2" style="padding:2px 7px 1px 1px;"> <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:00" title="UTC+03:00">UTC+03:00</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding:2px 7px; width:30%;;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3digo_postal" title="Código postal">Código postal</a></th><td colspan="2" style="padding:2px 7px 1px 1px;"> <span class="postal-code">247600</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding:2px 7px; width:30%;;"><a href="/wiki/Prefijo_telef%C3%B3nico" title="Prefijo telefónico">Prefijo telefónico</a></th><td colspan="2" style="padding:2px 7px 1px 1px;"> 2350</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;padding:2px 7px; width:30%;;"><a href="/wiki/Matr%C3%ADcula_(autom%C3%B3viles)" title="Matrícula (automóviles)">Matrícula</a></th><td colspan="2" style="padding:2px 7px 1px 1px;"> 3</td></tr><tr><td class="noprint" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><div class="plainlinks wikidata-link" style="font-size: 0.85em">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q955588" class="extiw" title="d:Q955588">editar datos en Wikidata</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jóiniki</b> (<a href="/wiki/Idioma_bielorruso" title="Idioma bielorruso">bielorruso</a>: Хо́йнікі; <a href="/wiki/Idioma_ruso" title="Idioma ruso">ruso</a>: Хо́йники) es una <a href="/wiki/Anexo:Ciudades_de_Bielorrusia" title="Anexo:Ciudades de Bielorrusia">ciudad subdistrital</a> de <a href="/wiki/Bielorrusia" title="Bielorrusia">Bielorrusia</a>, capital del <a href="/wiki/Rai%C3%B3n_de_Joiniki" title="Raión de Joiniki">distrito homónimo</a> en la <a href="/wiki/Provincia_de_G%C3%B3mel" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia de Gómel">provincia de Gómel</a>. </p><p>En 2022, la ciudad tenía una población de 13 278 habitantes.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Se ubica sobre la carretera P35, a medio camino entre <a href="/wiki/Mazyr" title="Mazyr">Mazyr</a> y la <a href="/wiki/Frontera_entre_Bielorrusia_y_Ucrania" title="Frontera entre Bielorrusia y Ucrania">frontera con Ucrania</a> marcada por el río <a href="/wiki/Dni%C3%A9per" title="Dniéper">Dniéper</a>. De la P35 sale hacia el norte en Jóiniki la carretera P33, que lleva a <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9chytsa" title="Réchytsa">Réchytsa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>2<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3iniki&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar sección: Historia"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Se conoce la existencia del pueblo desde 1504, cuando aparece en un documento de <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_I_Jagell%C3%B3n" title="Alejandro I Jagellón">Alejandro I Jagellón</a>. Estuvo en manos de varias familias nobles <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_las_Dos_Naciones" title="República de las Dos Naciones">polaco-lituanas</a> hasta que en la <a href="/wiki/Segunda_partici%C3%B3n_de_Polonia" title="Segunda partición de Polonia">partición de 1793</a> pasó a formar parte del <a href="/wiki/Imperio_ruso" title="Imperio ruso">Imperio ruso</a>, que desde 1797 lo integró en la <a href="/wiki/Gobernaci%C3%B3n_de_Minsk" title="Gobernación de Minsk">gobernación de Minsk</a>. En el siglo <span style="font-variant:small-caps;text-transform:lowercase">XIX</span> se desarrolló como un pequeño núcleo comercial. En 1926, el pueblo se integró en la <a href="/wiki/RSS_de_Bielorrusia" class="mw-redirect" title="RSS de Bielorrusia">RSS de Bielorrusia</a>, que en 1938 le dio el estatus de <a href="/wiki/Asentamiento_de_tipo_urbano" title="Asentamiento de tipo urbano">asentamiento de tipo urbano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>3<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>4<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hasta la primera mitad del siglo <span style="font-variant:small-caps;text-transform:lowercase">XX</span>, dos tercios de los tres mil habitantes locales eran <a href="/wiki/Jud%C3%ADos" class="mw-redirect" title="Judíos">judíos</a>, al hallarse el pueblo en la <a href="/wiki/Zona_de_Asentamiento" title="Zona de Asentamiento">Zona de Asentamiento</a>; sin embargo, entre 1941 y 1944 los <a href="/wiki/Ocupaci%C3%B3n_de_Bielorrusia_por_la_Alemania_nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocupación de Bielorrusia por la Alemania nazi">invasores alemanes</a>, tras asesinar a más de trescientos judíos en Jóiniki, se llevaron por la fuerza a todos los demás a <a href="/wiki/Campo_de_concentraci%C3%B3n" title="Campo de concentración">campos de concentración</a>, de donde casi ninguno salió vivo. Tras la guerra, los soviéticos repoblaron Jóiniki como un asentamiento industrial étnicamente bielorruso, que adoptó el estatus de ciudad en 1967 y llegó a alcanzar los quince mil habitantes en décadas posteriores. Desde 1986 se halla en una de las áreas más gravemente afectadas por el <a href="/wiki/Accidente_de_Chern%C3%B3bil" title="Accidente de Chernóbil">accidente de Chernóbil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>5<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>6<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencias">Referencias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B3iniki&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar sección: Referencias"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="listaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/solialnaya-sfera/naselenie-i-migratsiya/naselenie/statisticheskie-izdaniya/index_46933/">Численность населения на 1 января 2022 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2021 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа — Национальный статистический комитет Республики Беларусь, 2022.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.es/maps/place/Jóiniki,+Belarus/">Mapa de Jóiniki</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Беларуская энцыклапедыя: У 18 т. / Рэдкал.: Г. П. Пашкоў і інш.. — Мн.: БелЭн, 2003. — Т. 17: Хвінявічы — Шчытні. — 512 с. — 10 000 экз. — <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9851102792" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 985-11-0279-2</a> (т. 17), <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9851100358" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 985-11-0035-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Вялікае княства Літоўскае: Энцыклапедыя. У 3 т. / Рэдкал.: Г. П. Пашкоў (гал. рэд.) і інш.; маст. З. Э. Герасімовіч. — Мн.: Беларуская Энцыклапедыя, 2005. — Т. 2: Кадэцкі корпус — Яцкевіч. — 792 с. — <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9851103780" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 985-11-0378-0</a> (т. 2), <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9851103152" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 985-11-0315-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Без срока давности. Беларусь: преступления нацистов и их пособников против мирного населения на оккупированной территории БССР в годы Великой Отечественной войны. Гомельская область. Сборник архивных документов и материалов / сост.: А. Р. Дюков, В. Д. Селеменев (рук.) [и др.]; редкол.: А. К. Демянюк [и др.]. — Минск: НАРБ; М.: Фонд «Историческая память», 2021. С. 309, 317—318</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Гарады і вёскі Беларусі: Энцыклапедыя. Т. 2, кн. 2. Гомельская вобласць / С. В. Марцэлеў; Рэдкалегія: Г. П. Пашкоў (галоўны рэдактар) і інш. — Мн.: БелЭн, 2005. — 520 с.: іл. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9851103306" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 985-11-0330-6</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r161257576">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox table{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{display:flex;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid 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<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chojniki">Chojniki</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q955588%22">Q955588</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identificadores</b></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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