Mastodon and Mammoth - Kids | Britannica Kids

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Kids..."> </div> </form> <div class="bk-mobile-search-results"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center upsell"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-2ec0d50e-f279-46bc-a4a6-2efcd50f34d6-1'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-2ec0d50e-f279-46bc-a4a6-2efcd50f34d6-1'); }); </script> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <header class="bk-article-header banner" role="banner"> <div class="grid no-gutter"> <div class="grid-md grid-xs-100"> <h1>Mastodon and Mammoth</h1> </div> <div class="grid-md-shrink grid-xs-100 middle-xs end-xs"> <div class="bk-article-level-links" data-layout="row" data-layout-xs="column"> <div class="bk-view-article middle-sm center-xs">View article for<span class="hidden-xs">:</span></div> <ul class="bk-reading-levels levels list-inline"> <li> <a class="elementary level active scholars" href="/kids/article/Mastodon-and-Mammoth/353415" rel="" title="Up to Grade 5" data-article-id="353415" >Kids</a> </li> <li> <a 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<ul class="tools disabled"> <li class="tool"> <a class="tool-print" href="javascript:window.print()" rel="tooltip" title="Print"><i class="fontello-icon-print"><span class="visuallyhidden">Print</span></i></a> </li> <li class="tool email"> <a class="tool-email" href="#" rel="tooltip" title="Email"><i class="fontello-icon-mail-alt"><span class="visuallyhidden">Email</span></i></a> </li> <li class="tool"> <a class="tool-cite" citeLink="" citetype="article" href="#" rel="tooltip" title="Cite"><i class="fontello-icon-check"><span class="visuallyhidden">Cite</span></i></a> </li> </ul> </div> <h3> </h3> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <div id="rg-gallery" class="rg-gallery"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="rg-thumbs"> <div id="carousel" class="es-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="es-carousel"> <ul> <li> <a rel="media-group" href="/kids/assembly/view/88823" data-full-path="https://cdn.britannica.com/99/94699-004-C6D9941B.jpg" title="mastodons" data-media-type="IMAGE" data-show-counter = "true" data-index="1 of 3" data-title="mastodons" data-caption="Mastodons were smaller than mammoths and modern elephants. Both mastodons and mammoths had more hair than modern elephants." data-relative-path="/99/94699-004-C6D9941B.jpg" data-large-path="https://cdn.britannica.com/99/94699-050-818041BF.jpg" data-credit="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc." data-license-id="" data-license-title="" data-assembly-id="88823" data-is-favorite="" data-media-type-name="Art"> <img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/99/94699-004-C6D9941B.jpg" alt="mastodons" data-credit="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc." data-caption="Mastodons were smaller than mammoths and modern elephants. Both mastodons and mammoths had more hair than modern elephants." /> </a> </li> <li> <a rel="media-group" href="/kids/assembly/view/314934" data-full-path="https://cdn.britannica.com/90/239690-138-23B604FC.jpg" title="woolly mammoths" data-media-type="VIDEO" data-show-counter = "true" data-index="2 of 3" data-title="woolly mammoths" data-caption="One type of mammoth is known as the woolly mammoth. See what they might have looked like as they roamed the Earth thousands of years ago." data-height="1080" data-width="1920" data-duration="2:33" data-relative-path="/90/239690-138-23B604FC.jpg" data-transcript="Did You Know? The Woolly Mammoth The woolly mammoth was a relative of elephants that lived thousands of years ago. Woolly mammoths were about the size of modern elephants. They could grow to be about 10 to 12 feet tall and weigh between 6 and 8 tons. The animals had large downward-curving tusks and a hump of fat on their backs for water and energy storage. However, their most distinctive feature was the long thick fur for which they were named. They lived during a time when it was very cold so they needed that fur coat. Woolly mammoth fur was composed of two coats. A short yellowish brown undercoat was covered by a coarse dark brown overcoat that could grow more than two feet long. For thousands of years, woolly mammoths lived off of the grasses and shrubs of the cold bare tundras in northern Europe, Asia, and North America. Most of the woolly mammoths died out about 10,000 years ago. They were hunted by humans. But also they had trouble adapting to warming temperatures. As the temperatures rose, the grasses and shrubs in their habitat were replaced by other plants and trees. Without their food the mammoths could not survive. However, there is scientific evidence that some mammoths may have survived until about 4,300 years ago. Then they became extinct. Scientists have found remains of woolly mammoths in areas of permafrost, or permanently frozen ground. The remains were well preserved in the cold ground so many woolly mammoth carcasses are in surprisingly good condition. These well-preserved mammoths provide a lot of information for researchers. Scientists have been able to collect and study woolly mammoth DNA. DNA is the material that carries all the information about how a living thing will look and function. In fact, some people think that scientists might one day be able to use the DNA to create a version of the animals, allowing woolly mammoths to roam the Earth once more. " data-jwplayer-id="BqiMO6Z7" data-credit="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc." data-license-id="" data-license-title="" data-assembly-id="314934" data-is-favorite="" data-media-type-name="Video"> <div class="video-thumb-container"> <img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/90/239690-138-23B604FC.jpg" alt="woolly mammoths"/> <span class="video-duration">2:33</span> <i class="fontello-icon-play"></i> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a rel="media-group" href="/kids/assembly/view/315597" data-full-path="https://cdn.britannica.com/71/167271-004-8A0295FD.jpg" title="mammoth" data-media-type="IMAGE" data-show-counter = "true" data-index="3 of 3" data-title="mammoth" data-caption="One of the more complete woolly mammoths ever found is on display in a museum in Russia. Scientists named the baby mammoth Lyuba. She died more than 40,000 years ago and stayed buried in the frozen ground until a reindeer herder in Russia found her in 2007." data-relative-path="/71/167271-004-8A0295FD.jpg" data-large-path="https://cdn.britannica.com/71/167271-050-7A2425C3.jpg" data-credit="Vitaly Nevar—ITAR-TASS News Agency/Alamy" data-license-id="" data-license-title="" data-assembly-id="315597" data-is-favorite="" data-media-type-name="Photograph"> <img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/71/167271-004-8A0295FD.jpg" alt="mammoth" data-credit="Vitaly Nevar—ITAR-TASS News Agency/Alamy" data-caption="One of the more complete woolly mammoths ever found is on display in a museum in Russia. Scientists named the baby mammoth Lyuba. She died more than 40,000 years ago and stayed buried in the frozen ground until a reindeer herder in Russia found her in 2007." /> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <div class="rg-image-wrapper"> <div class="rg-image"></div> <div class="rg-loading"></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="gallery-media-metadata"> </div> <div id="media-citation"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal fade" id="additional-gallery" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-body"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal fade" id="profile-gallery"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-body"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal">×</button> <div class="row"><div class="col-md-12"></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-left"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-10"> <a href="/kids/article/Mastodon-and-Mammoth/353415/related" class="btn-level-one"> <div class="grid no-gutter"> <div class="grid-xs"> Related Articles </div> <div class="grid-xs-shrink middle-xs"> <i class="fontello-icon-play"></i> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="col-sm-8 first-xs last-sm gutter-bottom"> <div class="row" data-layout-lt-md="column"> <div class="col-md-9 last-xs first-md">  <OBJECT id="tts-object-player" class="tts-object" CLASSID="CLSID:6BF52A52-394A-11d3-B153-00C04F79FAA6" type="application/x-oleobject"> <PARAM NAME="SendPlayStateChangeEvents" VALUE="True"> <PARAM name="uiMode" value="mini"> <PARAM name="PlayCount" value="1"> </OBJECT> <article id="article-content"><div class="panel-group" id="article-accordion" role="tablist" aria-multiselectable="true"> <div class="panel panel-default"><div role="tab" data-parent="#article-accordion" class="panel-heading open" data-target="#intro"><h4 class="panel-title"><a role="button">Introduction </a></h4><nav class="tts-nav"><ul class="tts-controls disabled"><li><a href="#" class="tts-reverse fontello-icon-to-start" title="Read Aloud: Rewind (Subscriber Feature)"></a></li><li><a href="#" class="tts-toggle fontello-icon-play" title="Read Aloud: Play/Stop (Subscriber Feature)"></a></li><li><a href="#" class="tts-forward fontello-icon-to-end" title="Read Aloud: Fast Forward (Subscriber Feature)"></a></li></ul></nav></div><div id="intro" role="tabpanel"><div class="panel-body"><p><img class="hidden" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/99/94699-004-C6D9941B.jpg" alt="Mastodons were smaller than mammoths and modern elephants. Both mastodons and mammoths had more hair than modern elephants." data-credit="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc." data-assembly-id="88823">Mastodons and mammoths were elephantlike animals that roamed Earth in large numbers thousands of years ago. These animals are now extinct.</p></div></div></div> <div class="panel panel-default"><div role="tab" class="panel-heading open"><h4 class="panel-title"><a role="button">Where and When Mastodons and Mammoths Lived</a></h4><nav class="tts-nav"><ul class="tts-controls disabled"><li><a href="#" class="tts-reverse fontello-icon-to-start" title="Read Aloud: Rewind (Subscriber Feature)"></a></li><li><a href="#" class="tts-toggle fontello-icon-play" title="Read Aloud: Play/Stop (Subscriber Feature)"></a></li><li><a href="#" class="tts-forward fontello-icon-to-end" title="Read Aloud: Fast Forward (Subscriber Feature)"></a></li></ul></nav></div><div id="251688-toc" role="tabpanel"><div class="panel-body"><p>Mastodons were early relatives of mammoths. They first dominated Earth about 25 million years ago. Mastodons lived all over the world.</p><p>Mammoth remains have been found on every continent except Australia and South America. The animals lived sometime between 1,800,000 and about 10,000 years ago. Some may have lived until about 4,000 years ago.</p></div></div></div> <div class="panel panel-default"><div role="tab" class="panel-heading open"><h4 class="panel-title"><a role="button">Physical Features</a></h4><nav class="tts-nav"><ul class="tts-controls disabled"><li><a href="#" class="tts-reverse fontello-icon-to-start" title="Read Aloud: Rewind (Subscriber Feature)"></a></li><li><a href="#" class="tts-toggle fontello-icon-play" title="Read Aloud: Play/Stop (Subscriber Feature)"></a></li><li><a href="#" class="tts-forward fontello-icon-to-end" title="Read Aloud: Fast Forward (Subscriber Feature)"></a></li></ul></nav></div><div id="251689-toc" role="tabpanel"><div class="panel-body"><p>Mastodons were shorter than modern elephants but were more heavily built. The legs were short, massive, and like pillars. Mastodons were covered with long, reddish brown hair.</p><p><img class="hidden" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/90/239690-138-23B604FC.jpg" data-video-width="1920" data-video-height="1080" alt="One type of mammoth is known as the woolly mammoth. See what they might have looked like as they roamed the Earth thousands of years ago." data-credit="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc." data-assembly-id="314934">In comparison, most of the mammoth species, or types, were about as large as modern elephants. They were about 10 to 13 feet (3 to 4 meters) tall. Mammoths had a woolly, yellowish brown undercoat about 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) thick.</p></div></div></div> <div class="panel panel-default"><div role="tab" class="panel-heading open"><h4 class="panel-title"><a role="button">Study of Fossils</a></h4><nav class="tts-nav"><ul class="tts-controls disabled"><li><a href="#" class="tts-reverse fontello-icon-to-start" title="Read Aloud: Rewind (Subscriber Feature)"></a></li><li><a href="#" class="tts-toggle fontello-icon-play" title="Read Aloud: Play/Stop (Subscriber Feature)"></a></li><li><a href="#" class="tts-forward fontello-icon-to-end" title="Read Aloud: Fast Forward (Subscriber Feature)"></a></li></ul></nav></div><div id="251690-toc" role="tabpanel"><div class="panel-body"><p><img class="hidden" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/71/167271-004-8A0295FD.jpg" alt="One of the more complete woolly mammoths ever found is on display in a museum in Russia. Scientists named the baby mammoth Lyuba. She died more than 40,000 years ago and stayed buried in the frozen ground until a reindeer herder in Russia found her in 2007." data-credit="Vitaly Nevar—ITAR-TASS News Agency/Alamy" data-assembly-id="315597">The bodies of many mammoths and mastodons have survived for thousands of years because they were trapped in ice. These frozen remains were eventually discovered by humans and used for study. Early humans also made paintings of some of the animals on the walls of caves in Europe. The paintings provide more clues about these wild beasts.</p></div></div></div> <div class="panel panel-default"><div role="tab" class="panel-heading open"><h4 class="panel-title"><a role="button">Extinction</a></h4><nav class="tts-nav"><ul class="tts-controls disabled"><li><a href="#" class="tts-reverse fontello-icon-to-start" title="Read Aloud: Rewind (Subscriber Feature)"></a></li><li><a href="#" class="tts-toggle fontello-icon-play" title="Read Aloud: Play/Stop (Subscriber Feature)"></a></li><li><a href="#" class="tts-forward fontello-icon-to-end" title="Read Aloud: Fast Forward (Subscriber Feature)"></a></li></ul></nav></div><div id="251691-toc" role="tabpanel"><div class="panel-body"><p>Scientists are not sure why mastodons and mammoths died out. Although early humans hunted the animals, it is unlikely that these humans with their simple tools drove the great beasts to extinction. It may have been because of a change in the weather where they lived. 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