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user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-目的与特性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#目的与特性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>目的与特性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-目的与特性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-域名历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#域名历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>域名历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-域名历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-域名层次" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#域名层次"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>域名层次</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-域名层次-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关域名层次子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-域名层次-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-域名语法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#域名语法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>域名语法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-域名语法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-顶级域" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#顶级域"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>顶级域</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-顶级域-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-子域名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#子域名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>子域名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-子域名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-国际化域名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#国际化域名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>国际化域名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-国际化域名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-域名注册" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#域名注册"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>域名注册</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-域名注册-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-域名解析" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#域名解析"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>域名解析</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-域名解析-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-衍生文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#衍生文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>衍生文化</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-衍生文化-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关衍生文化子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-衍生文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-混淆与误读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#混淆与误读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>混淆与误读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-混淆与误读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-虚构域名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#虚构域名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>虚构域名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-虚构域名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-商业模式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#商业模式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>商业模式</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-商业模式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-域名抢注" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#域名抢注"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>域名抢注</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-域名抢注-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-滥用权利" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#滥用权利"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>滥用权利</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-滥用权利-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">域名</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。82种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom%C3%A4ne_(Internet)" title="Domäne (Internet) – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Domäne (Internet)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82_(%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA)" title="نطاق (إنترنت) – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نطاق (إنترنت)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86" title="اسم الدومين – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسم الدومين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominiu_d%27Internet" title="Dominiu d'Internet – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dominiu d'Internet" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domen_ad%C4%B1" title="Domen adı – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Domen adı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%8F" title="Даменнае імя – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Даменнае імя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%8F" title="Дамэннае імя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дамэннае імя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama_rungkun" title="Nama rungkun – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Nama rungkun" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Домейн – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Домейн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ডোমেইন নাম – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডোমেইন নাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anv_domani" title="Anv domani – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Anv domani" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetska_domena" title="Internetska domena – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Internetska domena" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domini_d%27Internet" title="Domini d'Internet – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Domini d'Internet" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ناوی پاوان – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ناوی پاوان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nternet_domeni" title="İnternet domeni – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İnternet domeni" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetov%C3%A1_dom%C3%A9na" title="Internetová doména – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Internetová doména" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetdom%C3%A6ne" title="Internetdomæne – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Internetdomæne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_(Internet)" title="Domain (Internet) – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Domain (Internet)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain" title="Domain – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Domain" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%B1" title="Όνομα τομέα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Όνομα τομέα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Domain name" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domajna_nomo" title="Domajna nomo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Domajna nomo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominio_de_internet" title="Dominio de internet – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dominio de internet" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domeeninimi" title="Domeeninimi – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Domeeninimi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interneteko_domeinu" title="Interneteko domeinu – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Interneteko domeinu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domi%C3%B1u_Internet" title="Domiñu Internet – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Domiñu Internet" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="دامنه اینترنتی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دامنه اینترنتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain-nimi" title="Domain-nimi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Domain-nimi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98kisnavn" title="Økisnavn – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Økisnavn" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nom_de_domaine" title="Nom de domaine – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nom de domaine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domeinnamme" title="Domeinnamme – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Domeinnamme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ainmneacha_fearainn" title="Ainmneacha fearainn – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ainmneacha fearainn" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominio_de_Internet" title="Dominio de Internet – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dominio de Internet" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9D_%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9D" title="שם תחום – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שם תחום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="डोमेन नाम – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डोमेन नाम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartom%C3%A1nyn%C3%A9v" title="Tartománynév – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tartománynév" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Դոմեյնային անուն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դոմեյնային անուն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama_domain" title="Nama domain – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nama domain" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domeno-nomo" title="Domeno-nomo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Domeno-nomo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9n_(t%C3%B6lvunarfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Lén (tölvunarfræði) – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lén (tölvunarfræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nome_di_dominio" title="Nome di dominio – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nome di dominio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E5%90%8D" title="ドメイン名 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドメイン名" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="დომენური სახელი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დომენური სახელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B8_%EB%84%A4%EC%9E%84" title="도메인 네임 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도메인 네임" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain" title="Domain – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Domain" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominasion_de_internet" title="Dominasion de internet – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Dominasion de internet" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domeinname" title="Domeinname – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Domeinname" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%88%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%99" title="ຊື່ໂດເມນ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຊື່ໂດເມນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom%C4%93na_v%C4%81rds" title="Domēna vārds – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Domēna vārds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Доменско име – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Доменско име" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Домэйн нэр – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Домэйн нэр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B3%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF" title="धूळपाटी/डोमेन नेम म्हणजे काय – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="धूळपाटी/डोमेन नेम म्हणजे काय" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama_domain" title="Nama domain – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nama domain" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA" title="ဒိုမိန်းအမည် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒိုမိန်းအမည်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domeinnaam" title="Domeinnaam – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Domeinnaam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domenenavn" title="Domenenavn – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Domenenavn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nom_de_domeni_d%27Internet" title="Nom de domeni d'Internet – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nom de domeni d'Internet" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domena_internetowa" title="Domena internetowa – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Domena internetowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nome_de_dom%C3%ADnio" title="Nome de domínio – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nome de domínio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domeniu_Internet" title="Domeniu Internet – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Domeniu Internet" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8F" title="Доменное имя – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Доменное имя" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Домен аат – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Домен аат" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%BD%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%BD_%DA%8A%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86" title="انٽرنيٽ ڊومين – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انٽرنيٽ ڊومين" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetski_nastavak" title="Internetski nastavak – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Internetski nastavak" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Domain name" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom%C3%A9na_(TCP/IP)" title="Doména (TCP/IP) – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Doména (TCP/IP)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Интернет домен – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Интернет домен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom%C3%A4nnamn" title="Domännamn – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Domännamn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jina_la_kikoa" title="Jina la kikoa – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jina la kikoa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆள்களப் பெயர் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆள்களப் பெயர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81" title="డొమైన్ పేరు – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="డొమైన్ పేరు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99" title="ชื่อโดเมน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชื่อโดเมน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_ad%C4%B1" title="Alan adı – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alan adı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%96%D0%BC%27%D1%8F" title="Доменне ім'я – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Доменне ім'я" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ڈومین نیم – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈومین نیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_domeni" title="Internet domeni – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Internet domeni" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%AAn_mi%E1%BB%81n" title="Tên miền – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tên miền" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D" title="域名 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="域名" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Интернетин Домен – 卡尔梅克语" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Интернетин Домен" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="卡尔梅克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D" title="დომენური ჯოხო – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დომენური ჯოხო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_mi%C3%A2" title="Domain miâ – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Domain miâ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D" title="域名 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="域名" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q32635#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&oldid=84362782" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&id=84362782&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%259F%259F%25E5%2590%258D"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%259F%259F%25E5%2590%258D"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Domain_name_space" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q32635" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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.ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Merge plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Merge-arrows.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Merge-arrows.svg/50px-Merge-arrows.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Merge-arrows.svg/75px-Merge-arrows.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Merge-arrows.svg/100px-Merge-arrows.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">建議此條目或章節與<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93" title="域名交易">域名交易</a></b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%90%88%E5%B9%B6%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2#方法" title="Wikipedia:合并页面">合并</a>。（<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93" title="Talk:域名交易">討論</a>）<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="noteTA-f3e2a619" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="IT"></div></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DNS_schema.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/DNS_schema.svg/350px-DNS_schema.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/DNS_schema.svg/525px-DNS_schema.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/DNS_schema.svg/700px-DNS_schema.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption>一张以英文维基百科的域名为例子的各層次的域名图表。</figcaption></figure> <p><b>网域名称</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Domain Name</span>，简称：Domain），简称<b>域名</b>、<b>网域</b>，是由一串用点分隔的字符组成的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91" title="互联网">互联网</a>上某一台<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="電子計算機">计算机</a>或计算机组的名称，用于在数据传输时标识计算机的电子方位。域名可以说是一个<a href="/wiki/IP%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80" title="IP地址">IP地址</a>的代稱，目的是为了便于记忆后者。例如，<code>wikipedia.org</code>是一个域名。人们可以直接访问<code>wikipedia.org</code>来代替IP地址，然后<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="域名系统">域名系统</a>（DNS）就会将它转化成便于机器识别的IP地址。这样，人们只需要记忆<code>wikipedia.org</code>这一串带有特殊含义的字符，而不需要记忆没有含义的数字<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>域名的核心是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="域名系统">域名系统</a>（英語：<span lang="en">Domain Name System</span>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%A9%E5%86%99" class="mw-redirect" title="缩写">缩写</a>：DNS），域名系统中的任何名称都是域名。在域名系统的层次结构中，各种域名都隶属于域名系统根域的下级。域名的第一级是<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F" title="頂級域">顶级域</a>，它包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F" title="通用頂級域">通用顶级域</a>，例如<a href="/wiki/.com" title=".com">.com</a>、<a href="/wiki/.net" title=".net">.net</a>和<a href="/wiki/.org" title=".org">.org</a>；以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F" title="國家和地區頂級域">国家和地区顶级域</a>，例如<a href="/wiki/.us" title=".us">.us</a>、<a href="/wiki/.cn" title=".cn">.cn</a>和<a href="/wiki/.tk" title=".tk">.tk</a>。顶级域名下一层是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%BA%A7%E5%9F%9F" title="二级域">二级域名</a>，一级一级地往下。现在，还有一些新兴的中文域名，例如<a href="/wiki/.%E5%9C%A8%E7%BA%BF" title=".在线">.在线</a>等。这些域名向人们提供注册服务，人们可以用它创建公开的互联网资源或运行<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E7%AB%99" title="網站">网站</a>。顶级域名的管理服务由对应的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%A8%E5%86%8C%E5%B1%80" title="域名注册局">域名注册管理机构（域名注册局）</a>负责，注册服务通常由<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%A8%E5%86%8C%E5%95%86" title="域名注册商">域名注册商</a>负责<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>截至2022年，已有超过5.69亿个域名登记注册<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="目的与特性"><span id=".E7.9B.AE.E7.9A.84.E4.B8.8E.E7.89.B9.E6.80.A7"></span>目的与特性</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：目的与特性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/IP%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80" title="IP地址">IP地址</a>是因特网主机的作为<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1" title="路由">路由</a>寻址用的数字型标识，不容易记忆，因而产生了域名这一种字符型标识，它比IP地址更容易记忆。这也是域名的一个重要功能——为数字化的互联网资源提供易于记忆的名称。<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>另外，域名具有唯一性，在资源更改IP地址时，只需要进行新IP地址与恒定域名的转换，即可实现将资源移动到网络地址拓扑中的不同物理位置。基于以上两个特性，域名还用于建立个体的唯一标识。任何组织和个人在提供因特网资源时，都可以选择与其名称对应的域名，让其他人轻松访问这些资源。<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="域名历史"><span id=".E5.9F.9F.E5.90.8D.E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>域名历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：域名历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在计算机网络上，使用IP数字地址的简单做法，可以追溯到<a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a>时代。当时，网络上的每台计算机都采用主机文件（即俗称的<a href="/wiki/Hosts%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6" title="Hosts文件">Hosts</a>）进行解析。Hosts文件内包含对应计算机的IP地址，每个需要解析的主机都拥有主机文件。<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>主机数量的快速增长使得主机文件需频繁更新。于是，1983年，保罗·莫卡派乔斯发明了域名解析服务和域名系统，随后它们獲引入ARPANET。原始的技术规范在882号和883号因特网标准草案中发布。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>1987年发布的第1034和1035号草案修正了一些技术规范，并废除了之前的第882和883号草案。在此之后对因特网标准草案的修改基本上没有涉及到域名系统技术规范部分的改动。 </p><p>1985年1月1日（不排除注册日期被重置的可能），世界上第一个域名<code>nordu.net</code>得以註冊<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1985年3月15日，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="马萨诸塞州">马萨诸塞州</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%91%E6%A1%A5_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="剑桥 (马萨诸塞州)">剑桥市</a>的计算机系统公司注册了第一个.com域名<code>symbolics.com</code>。到1992年，登记的com域名不到15,000个<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>互联网的兴起，使域名这一概念变得家喻户晓，也有很多人开始注册一个甚至多个域名。截止到2015年第一季度，已有2.94亿个域名登记注册。其中很大一部分属于.com，已有1.156亿个.com域名。2012年7月，.com的注册数量超过了所有ccTLD的总和。<sup id="cite_ref-investor.verisign.com_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-investor.verisign.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>今天，办事处位于美国的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0%E4%B8%8E%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84" title="互联网名称与数字地址分配机构">互联网名称与数字地址分配机构（ICANN）</a>负责互联网域名空间的开发和架构。只有经过它授权的域名注册管理机构和域名注册商，才能对外界提供顶级域名管理和注册服务。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>另外，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%8F%B7%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E5%B1%80" title="互联网号码分配局">互联网号码分配局（IANA）</a>负责运营域名系统根区域、委派顶级域名的管理，并负责.int和.arpa两个域名的管理。<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="域名层次"><span id=".E5.9F.9F.E5.90.8D.E5.B1.82.E6.AC.A1"></span>域名层次</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：域名层次"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="域名语法"><span id=".E5.9F.9F.E5.90.8D.E8.AF.AD.E6.B3.95"></span>域名语法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：域名语法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>域名由多个部分组成，这些部分通常连接在一起，并由点分隔，例如<code>zh.wikipedia.org</code>。最右边的一个标签是顶级域名，例如<code>zh.wikipedia.org</code>的顶级域名是org。一个域名的层次结构，从右侧到左侧隔一个点依次下降一层。每个标签可以包含1到63个<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E4%BD%8D%E5%85%83%E7%B5%84" class="mw-redirect" title="八位元組">八位元組</a>。域名的结尾有时候还有一点，这是保留给根节点的，书写时通常省略，在查询时由软件内部补上。<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>域名里的英文字母不区分大小写，因此可以使用大写方法拼写，但一般都以小写形式拼写（有时为了区别i和L，将L改为大写）。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="顶级域"><span id=".E9.A1.B6.E7.BA.A7.E5.9F.9F"></span>顶级域</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：顶级域"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F" title="頂級域">頂級域</a></div> <p><b>顶级域</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Top-level domains</span>，缩写：TLD）是域名中最高的一级，每个域名都以顶级域结尾。 </p><p>域名刚设计出来时，顶级域名主要分成两类：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F" title="國家和地區頂級域">国家及地区双字代码顶级域（国家和地区顶级域）</a>（英語：<span lang="en">Country Code Top-level domains</span>，缩写：ccTLD）和<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F" title="通用頂級域">通用顶级域</a>（英語：<span lang="en">general Top-level domains</span>，缩写：gTLD）。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>前者基于ISO-3166规定的国家/地区双字缩写代码；后者代表了一组名称和多个组织，包括<a href="/wiki/.gov" title=".gov">.gov</a>（政府，现用于美国政府的网站<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>），<a href="/wiki/.edu" title=".edu">.edu</a>（教育机构，现用于美国各类学校的网站<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>），<a href="/wiki/.com" title=".com">.com</a>（商业，现在成为全球注册量最大、最通用的域名<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>），<a href="/wiki/.mil" title=".mil">.mil</a>（军事，现用于美国国防部及其附属机构的网站<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>），<a href="/wiki/.org" title=".org">.org</a>（非营利组织<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>），<a href="/wiki/.net" title=".net">.net</a>（网络，当时獲定位为网络基础服务提供商）和<a href="/wiki/.int" title=".int">.int</a>（国际组织<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>）等。 </p><p>截至2009年10月，已存在21个通用顶级域名和250个国家及地区顶级域名，但它们远远不够互联网的使用。因此，在2011年，ICANN批准了一项新的TLD命名政策，以“在引入新的通用顶级域名方面，迈出重要的一步”。该计划设想了许多新的或已经提出的领域的可用性，以及新的应用和实施过程。<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>2012年初，该计划开始实施，ICANN收到了1930份申请。<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>2016年，gTLD批准达到1000个的大关。2011年后獲批准的通用顶级域名，並称为新通用顶级域名（英語：<span lang="en">New general Top-level domains</span>，缩写：NewgTLD）。<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="子域名"><span id=".E5.AD.90.E5.9F.9F.E5.90.8D"></span>子域名</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：子域名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%BA%A7%E5%9F%9F" title="二级域">二级域</a></div> <p>子域名将顶级域名进一步细分。域名层次结构中，顶级域名下面是二级域名，它位于顶级域名的左侧。例如，在<code>zh.wikipedia.org</code>中，<code>wikipedia</code>是二级域名。<code>w3.org</code>中，<code>w3</code>也是二级域名，与前例中的<code>wikipedia</code>属于一个层面。 </p><p>二级域名下面是三级域名，它位于二级域名的左侧。例如，在<code>zh.wikipedia.org</code>中，<code>zh</code>是三级域名；<code>zh-classical.wikipedia.org</code>（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%87%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91" title="Wikipedia:文言文維基百科">文言文维基大典</a>的域名）中，<code>zh-classical</code>也是三级域名，與前例中的<code>zh</code>属于一个层面。从右侧到左侧，隔一个点依次下降一层。<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>通常情况下，人们基于公司、产品或服务的名称来创建二级域名或更低级别的域名，以方便其他人识别和记忆。<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>完整域名的所有字符加起来不得超过253个<a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>字符的总长度。因此，当每一级都使用单个字符时，限制为127个级别：127个字符加上126个点的总长度为253。但实际上，某些域名可能具有其他限制；也没有只有一个字符的域名后缀。<sup id="cite_ref-rfc1035_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc1035-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="国际化域名"><span id=".E5.9B.BD.E9.99.85.E5.8C.96.E5.9F.9F.E5.90.8D"></span>国际化域名</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：国际化域名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8C%96%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D" title="国际化域名">国际化域名</a>和<a href="/wiki/Punycode" class="mw-redirect" title="Punycode">Punycode</a></div> <p>以前，域名系统中允许的字符集基于ASCII，只支持英文字母、数字和连字符(-)，而不允许其他语言的文字。于是ICANN批准了国际化域名（英語：<span lang="en">Internationalized Domain Name</span>，缩写：IDN）系统，该系统将其他语言对应的Unicode字符串，转换为一个名为Punycode的编码字符集。转换结果由英文字母、数字和横线符号构成，符合传统域名的规范，这使得其他语言的文字可以注册域名，并在浏览器中访问。例如，“维基百科”转换为Punycode为<code>xn--3js032e7ich4g</code><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。目前，许多顶级域名注册管理机构，已允许注册IDN域名，比如由VeriSign运营的.com；<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>而一些带有除英文外的其他文字的顶级域名，就是基于IDN实现的，比如由中国互联网络信息中心运营的“<a href="/wiki/.%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title=".中国">.中国</a>”顶级域名。<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="域名注册"><span id=".E5.9F.9F.E5.90.8D.E6.B3.A8.E5.86.8C"></span>域名注册</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：域名注册"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>域名注册商提供域名注册服务。要成为一个域名的注册商，需得到ICANN和该域名的域名注册局的认可。<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>域名注册管理机构负责域名的技术维护和服务，并负责维护其管理的顶级域名的注册名称数据库。 </p><p>域名注册人在注册商处登记域名信息后，域名注册管理机构和域名注册商通常会收取费用，一般是按域名的有效期计算，单位是年。收到费用后，向域名注册管理机构发去注册信息，后者授权前者在相应的顶级域名中分配名称，并使用一种特殊协议——<a href="/wiki/WHOIS" title="WHOIS">WHOIS</a>协议，发布域名注册信息。最后，注册商将域名的使用权限发放给域名注册人。此交易在注册商的角度看，称为域名的销售或租赁；在注册人的角度看，称为域名的注册或购买。目前，这一过程大多已经自动化。顶级域名注册管理机构和域名注册商的完整列表由ICANN发布。<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="域名解析"><span id=".E5.9F.9F.E5.90.8D.E8.A7.A3.E6.9E.90"></span>域名解析</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：域名解析"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>域名解析包括正向解析和反向解析。正向解析是把域名转换为IP地址的过程，<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>机器间互相只认IP地址，所以需要把域名转换为IP地址。这需要由专门的域名解析服务器来完成，整个过程自动进行。<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>反向解析比较罕见，是把IP地址转换为域名的过程，<a href="/wiki/.arpa" title=".arpa">.arpa</a>顶级域名专门用于这类用途。<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>DNS服务器可接受两种类型的解析，分别是递归解析和反复解析。两者的区别在于，前者查询失败一般直接返回失败消息，后者会继续查询一些其他的服务器。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="衍生文化"><span id=".E8.A1.8D.E7.94.9F.E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>衍生文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：衍生文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="混淆与误读"><span id=".E6.B7.B7.E6.B7.86.E4.B8.8E.E8.AF.AF.E8.AF.BB"></span>混淆与误读</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：混淆与误读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>因为域名不区分大小写，<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>所以某些域名可能会被误解。例如，程序员论坛<a href="/w/index.php?title=Experts-Exchange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Experts-Exchange（页面不存在）">Experts Exchange</a>（專家談話），将原本的域名<code>expert<b>sex</b>change.com</code>（專業的<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E8%BD%89%E6%8F%9B" title="性轉換">性轉換</a>）更换为加入连字符的<code>experts-exchange.com</code>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="虚构域名"><span id=".E8.99.9A.E6.9E.84.E5.9F.9F.E5.90.8D"></span>虚构域名</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：虚构域名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>虚构域名是用于小说或流行文化，或用于示例、测试的域名，用于指代实际上不存在的域名，例如<code>.web</code>后缀域名。而规范的虚构域名是<code>example.com</code>和<code>example.org</code>，由<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%8F%B7%E7%A0%81%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E5%B1%80" title="互联网号码分配局">IANA</a>在RFC 2606中专门指定用于此类用途，以及“.测试”等顶级域名。<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>一个有趣的例子是，中国大陆的知名电视剧《爱情公寓》中，曾出现过一个叫“www.张伟是混蛋.com”的网站（张伟是该电视剧中的一名律师；当时IDN尚未成形）。后来该域名由这部电视剧的粉丝购买，搭建了一个关于该电视剧的博客站点。截止2018年8月，该博客的置顶文章阅读量已超过179万。<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="商业模式"><span id=".E5.95.86.E4.B8.9A.E6.A8.A1.E5.BC.8F"></span>商业模式</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：商业模式"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>域名通常与房地产类似，因为域名是建立网站的基础；而高质量的域名，如同抢手的房地产，具有重要价值。当它们与对应的公司、品牌或任何个体相结合时，能用于广告，搜索引擎优化和方便潜在的客户记忆。因此，不少人专门从事买卖域名的行业。因“域名”一词中，“名”字与“米”字相谐音，从事这一行业的人称为“米农”；注册域名叫“煮米”；出售域名叫“卖米”，等等。<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>另外，一些域名注册商和分销域名的主机托管商，提供了低成本甚至免费的域名注册，并采用了各种手段来收回成本，达到盈利。比如，一些主机托管商在提供免费域名时，要求域名必须捆绑在他们的主机上，或是和他们的主机一起购买。<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="域名抢注"><span id=".E5.9F.9F.E5.90.8D.E6.8A.A2.E6.B3.A8"></span>域名抢注</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：域名抢注"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>域名抢注一般分为域名投资和恶意抢注两种。域名投资是凭借自己对市场的判断来注册域名，等升值后再出售并赚取差价。恶意抢注则是指抢先注册他人在该领域或相关领域中已经使用并有一定影响的商标、域名或商号等权利的行为。若域名里面带有一个商标，一般来说属于后者；如果是领域和常见名词，一般属于前者。<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>恶意抢注行为，若侵犯了商标权、知识产权等，可能会得不偿失。中国北京市的王女士先后注册了victoriassecret.com.cn和 victoriassecret.cn域名，知名内衣品牌<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86" title="维多利亚的秘密">维多利亚的秘密</a>将她诉至法院。法院判决王女士停止使用涉案两争议域名，并赔偿维多利亚公司10万元。<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>為了避免所謂的「惡意搶註」事件，某些域名服務商在開放網址註冊前，可能會推出諸如「<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%95%99%E5%AD%97" title="保留字">保留字</a>」或「限制字」的政策，避免與相關網址項目無關之人士或組織惡意搶註，通常這些保留字也會被稱之「高價域名」<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="滥用权利"><span id=".E6.BB.A5.E7.94.A8.E6.9D.83.E5.88.A9"></span>滥用权利</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：滥用权利"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>批评家认为有些域名注册管理机构滥用域名行政权力。例如，.com的域名注册管理机构<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E7%91%9E%E4%BF%A1" title="威瑞信">VeriSign（威瑞信）</a>，开发了VeriSign Site Finder系统，它将所有未注册的<a href="/wiki/.com" title=".com">.com</a>和<a href="/wiki/.net" title=".net">.net</a>域名重定向到VeriSign的搜索网页。尽管此举在社会上受到非常多的批评，但VeriSign仍无动于衷。直到ICANN威胁要撤销其管理.com域名的资格授权之后，VeriSign才不情愿地撤下Site Finder系统。<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>另一方面，美国政府对<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0%E4%B8%8E%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84" title="互联网名称与数字地址分配机构">ICANN</a>的政治影响与干涉也在社会上引起争议。<a href="/wiki/20%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA80%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="20世纪80年代">20世纪80年代</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91" title="互联网">互联网</a>域名与地址的管理权一直由<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="美国政府">美国政府</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%84%E6%96%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="垄断">垄断</a>（比如将.edu、.mil、.gov等域名用作美国自己使用，而不用.edu.us<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%BA%A7%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="二级域名">二级域名</a>）。1998年，美国政府与ICANN签订合同，<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%88%E6%AC%8A" class="mw-disambig" title="授權">授权</a>由ICANN负责协调管理。但美国政府仍然拥有对域名的控制权，并有时进行干涉（例如2005年，ICANN根据其政策初步批准了<a href="/wiki/.xxx" title=".xxx">.xxx</a>顶级域名的使用，但美国政府扬言要利用其合同权利来推翻ICANN的决定，而ICANN最终也因此屈服，此举曾遭到<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="欧盟">欧盟</a>等组织的批评<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>）。2013年，美国曝出的“<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%9C%E9%8F%A1%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB" title="稜鏡計畫">棱镜门</a>”丑闻引发了风波。尽管<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%B1%80" title="美国国家安全局">NSA</a>的窃听与ICANN控制域名无关，但美国对ICANN的影响力象征着美国在互联网上的力量<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。“棱镜门”丑闻曝光带来的压力，促使奥巴马政府最终决定放弃对ICANN的权力<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。直到2016年10月，美国政府机构正式将互联网域名的管理权完全移交给ICANN，才结束了对域名管理近20年的垄断。<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在美国通过ICANN影响全球互联网域名的同时，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>等国家则通过域名对网站进行屏蔽。<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>例如中国大陆的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E7%81%AB%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="防火长城">防火长城</a>项目，通过<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E7%BC%93%E5%AD%98%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="域名服务器缓存污染">DNS污染</a>影响域名的正常解析干扰普通民众访问部分网站，此类措施长期以来遭受部分中國網民與西方世界的批评。<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考来源"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>参考来源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：参考来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twnic.net/download/seminar/90329/Presentation_on_TWNIC.ppt">幻灯片：向网络世界宣告你自己</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20060521072317/http://www.twnic.net/download/seminar/90329/Presentation_on_TWNIC.ppt">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（繁體中文）</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-2"><sup><b>2.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-3"><sup><b>2.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-4"><sup><b>2.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-5"><sup><b>2.5</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-6"><sup><b>2.6</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-7"><sup><b>2.7</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">兰少华; 杨余旺; 吕建勇. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=STd0TTcAbdwC&pg=PA148&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">TCP/IP网络与协议</a>. 清华大学出版社有限公司. 2006 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-09-02</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787302118404" title="Special:网络书源/9787302118404"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787302118404</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180902183846/https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=STd0TTcAbdwC&pg=PA148&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2018-09-02） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&rft.au=%E5%85%B0%E5%B0%91%E5%8D%8E&rft.au=%E5%90%95%E5%BB%BA%E5%8B%87&rft.au=%E6%9D%A8%E4%BD%99%E6%97%BA&rft.btitle=TCP%2FIP%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B8%8E%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787302118404&rft.pub=%E6%B8%85%E5%8D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.hk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSTd0TTcAbdwC%26pg%3DPA148%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">ANI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://domainnamestat.com/statistics/overview">Domain name registration's statistics</a>. Business Standard India. 2019-12-31 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-12-31</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191107112719/https://domainnamestat.com/statistics/overview">存档</a>于2019-11-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&rft.atitle=Domain+name+registration%27s+statistics&rft.au=ANI&rft.date=2019-12-31&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdomainnamestat.com%2Fstatistics%2Foverview&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">黄立辉. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220522040043/http://www.law-lib.com/lw/lw_view.asp?no=2535">浅析域名的特点及域名权的性质</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-05-22</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law-lib.com/lw/lw_view.asp?no=2535">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&rft.atitle=%E6%B5%85%E6%9E%90%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E7%9A%84%E7%89%B9%E7%82%B9%E5%8F%8A%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E6%9D%83%E7%9A%84%E6%80%A7%E8%B4%A8&rft.au=%E9%BB%84%E7%AB%8B%E8%BE%89&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law-lib.com%2Flw%2Flw_view.asp%3Fno%3D2535&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mockapetris, P.V. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc882">Domain names: Concepts and facilities</a>. tools.ietf.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-09-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180927143537/https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc882">存档</a>于2018-09-27） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&rft.atitle=Domain+names%3A+Concepts+and+facilities&rft.aufirst=P.V.&rft.aulast=Mockapetris&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tools.ietf.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftools.ietf.org%2Fhtml%2Frfc882&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mockapetris, P.V. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc883">Domain names: Implementation specification</a>. tools.ietf.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-09-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181001122801/https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc883">存档</a>于2018-10-01） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&rft.atitle=Domain+names%3A+Implementation+specification&rft.aufirst=P.V.&rft.aulast=Mockapetris&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tools.ietf.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftools.ietf.org%2Fhtml%2Frfc883&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">cnBeta. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnbeta.com/articles/tech/166383.htm">互联网最老域名nordu.net即将迎来27岁生日 - 通信技术 - cnBeta.COM</a>. cnBeta.COM. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-08-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180829212050/https://www.cnbeta.com/articles/tech/166383.htm">存档</a>于2018-08-29） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（中国大陆）网页">（中文（中国大陆））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&rft.atitle=%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%9C%80%E8%80%81%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8Dnordu.net%E5%8D%B3%E5%B0%86%E8%BF%8E%E6%9D%A527%E5%B2%81%E7%94%9F%E6%97%A5+-+%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF+-+cnBeta.COM&rft.au=cnBeta&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=cnBeta.COM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbeta.com%2Farticles%2Ftech%2F166383.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.techcrunch.com/2009/08/27/25-years-later-first-registered-domain-name-changes-hands/">25 Years Later, First Registered Domain Name Changes Hands</a>. TechCrunch. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-08-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180829212153/https://techcrunch.com/2009/08/27/25-years-later-first-registered-domain-name-changes-hands/">存档</a>于2018-08-29） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到美国英语网页">（美国英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&rft.atitle=25+Years+Later%2C+First+Registered+Domain+Name+Changes+Hands&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TechCrunch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.techcrunch.com%2F2009%2F08%2F27%2F25-years-later-first-registered-domain-name-changes-hands%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-investor.verisign.com-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-investor.verisign.com_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://investor.verisign.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=920138">Internet Grows to 294 Million Domain Names in the First Quarter of 2015</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171220175258/https://investor.verisign.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=920138">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, Jun 30, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://royal.pingdom.com/2012/07/20/domain-domination-the-com-tld-larger-than-all-cctlds-combined/">Domain domination: The <i>com</i> TLD larger than all ccTLDs combined</a>. Royal.pingdom.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-07-25</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120723235657/http://royal.pingdom.com/2012/07/20/domain-domination-the-com-tld-larger-than-all-cctlds-combined/">存档</a>于2012-07-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&rft.btitle=Domain+domination%3A+The+com+TLD+larger+than+all+ccTLDs+combined&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Royal.pingdom.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Froyal.pingdom.com%2F2012%2F07%2F20%2Fdomain-domination-the-com-tld-larger-than-all-cctlds-combined%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">ICANN网站. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icann.org/get-started">Welcome to the global community! - ICANN</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180906035526/https://www.icann.org/get-started">存档</a>于2018-09-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&rft.au=ICANN%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+the+global+community%21+-+ICANN&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icann.org%2Fget-started&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iana.org/domains">IANA — Domain Name Services</a>. www.iana.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-09-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180830164316/https://www.iana.org/domains">存档</a>于2018-08-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&rft.atitle=IANA+%E2%80%94+Domain+Name+Services&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iana.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iana.org%2Fdomains&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-0"><sup><b>13.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-1"><sup><b>13.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4034#section-6">RFC 4034 - Resource Records for the DNS Security Extensions</a>. ietf.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-08-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180920003106/https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4034#section-6">存档</a>于2018-09-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&rft.atitle=RFC+4034+-+Resource+Records+for+the+DNS+Security+Extensions&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ietf.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftools.ietf.org%2Fhtml%2Frfc4034%23section-6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tw.appledaily.com/headline/daily/20130826/35247844/">.htc .acer新網域名年底啟用 | 蘋果日報</a>. 蘋果日報. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-09-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180317020027/https://tw.appledaily.com/headline/daily/20130826/35247844/">存档</a>于2018-03-17） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（臺灣）网页">（中文（臺灣））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&rft.atitle=.htc+.acer%E6%96%B0%E7%B6%B2%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D+%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%95%E5%95%9F%E7%94%A8+%7C+%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftw.appledaily.com%2Fheadline%2Fdaily%2F20130826%2F35247844%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://home.dotgov.gov/registration/requirements/">Domain requirements | DotGov</a>. home.dotgov.gov. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-09-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180825020522/https://home.dotgov.gov/registration/requirements/">存档</a>于2018-08-25） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到美国英语网页">（美国英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&rft.atitle=Domain+requirements+%7C+DotGov&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=home.dotgov.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhome.dotgov.gov%2Fregistration%2Frequirements%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://net.educause.edu/faq.htm">FAQ - Educause</a>. net.educause.edu. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-09-02</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/685PUQbYH?url=http://net.educause.edu/edudomain/show_faq.asp?code=EDUGENERAL">存档</a>于2012-06-01） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D&rft.atitle=FAQ+-+Educause&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=net.educause.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnet.educause.edu%2Ffaq.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.ename.cn/yumingshuju_20171220_111007_1.html">威瑞信第三季度简报出炉 .tk域名表现抢眼</a>. 易名网. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-09-01</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190323213252/https://news.ename.cn/yumingshuju_20171220_111007_1.html">存档</a>于2019-03-23） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="通用頂級域" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F" title="Template:通用頂級域"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:通用頂級域（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:通用頂級域"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="通用頂級域" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F" title="通用頂級域">通用頂級域</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="当前" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">当前</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F" title="通用頂級域">通用</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.app_(%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E9%A1%B6%E7%BA%A7%E5%9F%9F)" title=".app (通用顶级域)">.app</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.bar" title=".bar">.bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.bible" title=".bible">.bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.biz" title=".biz">.biz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF" title="多納斯">.church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.club" title=".club">.club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.college" title=".college">.college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.com" title=".com">.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.design" title=".design">.design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.dev" title=".dev">.dev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.download" title=".download">.download</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="生态学">.eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.eus" title=".eus">.eus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">.google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.green" title=".green">.green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.hiv" title=".hiv">.hiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B6%E7%BA%A7%E5%9F%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="互联网顶级域列表">.icu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.info" title=".info">.info</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.kaufen" title=".kaufen">.kaufen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.kiwi" title=".kiwi">.kiwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.lat" title=".lat">.lat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.lgbt" title=".lgbt">.lgbt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.moe" title=".moe">.moe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.name" title=".name">.name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.net" title=".net">.net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B6%E7%BA%A7%E5%9F%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="互联网顶级域列表">.ninja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.ngo" title=".ngo">.ngo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.one" title=".one">.one</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.ngo" title=".ngo">.ong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.ooo" title=".ooo">.ooo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.org" title=".org">.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.top" title=".top">.top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.pro" title=".pro">.pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.wiki" title=".wiki">.wiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.wtf" title=".wtf">.wtf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.xyz" title=".xyz">.xyz</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".集团（页面不存在）">.集团</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%E5%9C%A8%E7%BA%BF" title=".在线">.在线</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%E5%85%AC%E7%9B%8A" title=".公益">.公益</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.cn" title=".cn">.公司</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".移动（页面不存在）">.移动</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E6%88%91%E7%88%B1%E4%BD%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".我爱你（页面不存在）">.我爱你</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".москва（页面不存在）">.москва</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".онлайн" data-lang-code="ru" data-lang-name="俄语" data-foreign-title=".онлайн"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".онлайн（页面不存在）">.онлайн</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">俄语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/.%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="ru:.онлайн"><span lang="ru" dir="auto">.онлайн</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".сайт" data-lang-code="ru" data-lang-name="俄语" data-foreign-title=".сайт"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".сайт（页面不存在）">.сайт</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">俄语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/.%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82" class="extiw" title="ru:.сайт"><span lang="ru" dir="auto">.сайт</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".орг" data-lang-code="ru" data-lang-name="俄语" data-foreign-title=".орг"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".орг（页面不存在）">.орг</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">俄语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/.%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3" class="extiw" title="ru:.орг"><span lang="ru" dir="auto">.орг</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%EC%82%BC%EC%84%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".삼성（页面不存在）">.삼성</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E5%95%86%E6%A0%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".商标（页面不存在）">.商标</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E5%95%86%E5%9F%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".商城（页面不存在）">.商城</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".дети（页面不存在）">.дети</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E7%BD%91" title=".中文网">.中文网</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E4%B8%AD%E4%BF%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".中信（页面不存在）">.中信</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".संगठन（页面不存在）">.संगठन</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.cn" title=".cn">.网络</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".بازار（页面不存在）">.بازار</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".شبكة" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".شبكة"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".شبكة（页面不存在）">.شبكة</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="en:.شبكة"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.شبكة</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".机构（页面不存在）">.机构</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".组织机构（页面不存在）">.组织机构</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".みんな" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title=".みんな"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E3%81%BF%E3%82%93%E3%81%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".みんな（页面不存在）">.みんな</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/.%E3%81%BF%E3%82%93%E3%81%AA" class="extiw" title="ar:.みんな"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">.みんな</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".世界（页面不存在）">.世界</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.%E7%BD%91%E5%9D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".网址（页面不存在）">.网址</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.cn" title=".cn">.游戏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.%E6%94%BF%E5%8A%A1" title=".政务">.政务</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9E%E5%8A%A9%E7%B1%BB%E9%A1%B6%E7%BA%A7%E5%9F%9F" title="赞助类顶级域">赞助</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.aero" title=".aero">.aero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.asia" title=".asia">.asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.cat" title=".cat">.cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.coop" title=".coop">.coop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.edu" title=".edu">.edu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.gov" title=".gov">.gov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.int" title=".int">.int</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.jobs" title=".jobs">.jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.mil" title=".mil">.mil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.mobi" title=".mobi">.mobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.museum" title=".museum">.museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.post" title=".post">.post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.tel" title=".tel">.tel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.travel" title=".travel">.travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.xxx" title=".xxx">.xxx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="GeoTLD" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="GeoTLD"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GeoTLD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GeoTLD（页面不存在）">地区</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoTLD" class="extiw" title="en:GeoTLD"><span lang="en" dir="auto">GeoTLD</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".africa" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".africa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".africa（页面不存在）">.africa</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.africa" class="extiw" title="en:.africa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.africa</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF" title="阿尔萨斯">.alsace</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".amsterdam" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".amsterdam"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.amsterdam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".amsterdam（页面不存在）">.amsterdam</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.amsterdam" class="extiw" title="en:.amsterdam"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.amsterdam</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".bcn" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".bcn"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.bcn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".bcn（页面不存在）">.bcn</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bcn" class="extiw" title="en:.bcn"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.bcn</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".berlin" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".berlin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.berlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".berlin（页面不存在）">.berlin</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.berlin" class="extiw" title="en:.berlin"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.berlin</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".brussels" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".brussels"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.brussels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".brussels（页面不存在）">.brussels</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.brussels" class="extiw" title="en:.brussels"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.brussels</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".bzh" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".bzh"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.bzh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".bzh（页面不存在）">.bzh</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bzh" class="extiw" title="en:.bzh"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.bzh</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".cymru" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".cymru"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.cymru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".cymru（页面不存在）">.cymru</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cymru" class="extiw" title="en:.cymru"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.cymru</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.eu" title=".eu">.eu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.eus" title=".eus">.eus</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".frl" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".frl"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.frl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".frl（页面不存在）">.frl</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.frl" class="extiw" title="en:.frl"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.frl</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".gal" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".gal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.gal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".gal（页面不存在）">.gal</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gal" class="extiw" title="en:.gal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.gal</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".gent" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".gent"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.gent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".gent（页面不存在）">.gent</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gent" class="extiw" title="en:.gent"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.gent</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".irish" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".irish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.irish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".irish（页面不存在）">.irish</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.irish" class="extiw" title="en:.irish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.irish</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".istanbul" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".istanbul"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.istanbul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".istanbul（页面不存在）">.ist</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.istanbul" class="extiw" title="en:.istanbul"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.istanbul</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li>.istanbul</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.kiwi" title=".kiwi">.kiwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B6%E7%BA%A7%E5%9F%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="互联网顶级域列表">.krd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.lat" title=".lat">.lat</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".london" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".london"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.london&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".london（页面不存在）">.london</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.london" class="extiw" title="en:.london"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.london</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.au" title=".au">.melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B6%E7%BA%A7%E5%9F%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="互联网顶级域列表">.miami</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".nyc" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".nyc"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.nyc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".nyc（页面不存在）">.nyc</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.nyc" class="extiw" title="en:.nyc"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.nyc</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".paris" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".paris"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.paris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".paris（页面不存在）">.paris</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.paris" class="extiw" title="en:.paris"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.paris</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".quebec" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".quebec"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.quebec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".quebec（页面不存在）">.quebec</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.quebec" class="extiw" title="en:.quebec"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.quebec</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".rio" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".rio"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.rio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".rio（页面不存在）">.rio</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.rio" class="extiw" title="en:.rio"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.rio</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".saarland" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".saarland"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.saarland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".saarland（页面不存在）">.saarland</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.saarland" class="extiw" title="en:.saarland"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.saarland</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".scot" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".scot"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.scot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".scot（页面不存在）">.scot</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.scot" class="extiw" title="en:.scot"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.scot</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.au" title=".au">.sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.taipei" title=".taipei">.taipei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.tokyo" title=".tokyo">.tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E9%A1%B6%E7%BA%A7%E5%9F%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="互联网顶级域列表">.vegas</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".vlaanderen" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".vlaanderen"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.vlaanderen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".vlaanderen（页面不存在）">.vlaanderen</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.vlaanderen" class="extiw" title="en:.vlaanderen"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.vlaanderen</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".wales" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".wales"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".wales（页面不存在）">.wales</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.wales" class="extiw" title="en:.wales"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.wales</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".wien" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".wien"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.wien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".wien（页面不存在）">.wien</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.wien" class="extiw" title="en:.wien"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.wien</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">基础架构</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.arpa" title=".arpa">.arpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">已删除/撤销</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.nato" title=".nato">.nato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F" title="頂級域">保留域</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.example" title=".example">.example</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.invalid" title=".invalid">.invalid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.localhost" title=".localhost">.localhost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.test" title=".test">.test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.onion" title=".onion">.onion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AA%E9%A1%B6%E7%BA%A7%E5%9F%9F" title="伪顶级域">伪顶级域</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E5%B9%A3" title="名幣">.bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BITNET" title="BITNET">.bitnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%BD%91" title="计算机科学网">.csnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.onion" title=".onion">.exit</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".local" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".local"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.local&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".local（页面不存在）">.local</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.local" class="extiw" title="en:.local"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.local</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.onion" title=".onion">.onion</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".root" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".root"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.root&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".root（页面不存在）">.root</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.root" class="extiw" title="en:.root"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.root</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UUCP" title="UUCP">.uucp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BF%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7DNS%E6%A0%B9" title="替代性DNS根">.chn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="提议" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8F%90%E8%AE%AE%E9%A1%B6%E7%BA%A7%E5%9F%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="提议顶级域（页面不存在）">提议</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="GeoTLD" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="GeoTLD"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GeoTLD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GeoTLD（页面不存在）">地区</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoTLD" class="extiw" title="en:GeoTLD"><span lang="en" dir="auto">GeoTLD</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".africa" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".africa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".africa（页面不存在）">.africa</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.africa" class="extiw" title="en:.africa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.africa</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".bcn" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".bcn"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.bcn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".bcn（页面不存在）">.bcn</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bcn" class="extiw" title="en:.bcn"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.bcn</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".wales" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".wales"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".wales（页面不存在）">.wales</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.wales" class="extiw" title="en:.wales"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.wales</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.bg" title=".bg">.бг</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">语言和国籍</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".bzh" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".bzh"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.bzh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".bzh（页面不存在）">.bzh</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bzh" class="extiw" title="en:.bzh"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.bzh</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".cym" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".cym"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.cym&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".cym（页面不存在）">.cym</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cym" class="extiw" title="en:.cym"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.cym</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".cymru" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".cymru"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.cymru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".cymru（页面不存在）">.cymru</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cymru" class="extiw" title="en:.cymru"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.cymru</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".eng" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".eng"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.eng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".eng（页面不存在）">.eng</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.eng" class="extiw" title="en:.eng"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.eng</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PuntuLLI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PuntuLLI（页面不存在）">.lli</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".sic" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".sic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.sic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".sic（页面不存在）">.sic</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.sic" class="extiw" title="en:.sic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.sic</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".wales" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".wales"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".wales（页面不存在）">.wales</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.wales" class="extiw" title="en:.wales"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.wales</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.bg" title=".bg">.бг</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">技术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".geo" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".geo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.geo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".geo（页面不存在）">.geo</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.geo" class="extiw" title="en:.geo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.geo</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".mail" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".mail"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.mail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".mail（页面不存在）">.mail</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.mail" class="extiw" title="en:.mail"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.mail</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".web" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".web"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.web&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".web（页面不存在）">.web</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.web" class="extiw" title="en:.web"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.web</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.free&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".free（页面不存在）">.free</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.kid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".kid（页面不存在）">.kid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=.kids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".kids（页面不存在）">.kids</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title=".music" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title=".music"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".music（页面不存在）">.music</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.music" class="extiw" title="en:.music"><span lang="en" dir="auto">.music</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> 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