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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Being_and_Time" title="Being and Time">Being and Time</a></i>, the philosopher <a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Martin Heidegger</a> makes the distinction between <a href="/wiki/Ontic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontic">ontical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ontological" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontological">ontological</a>, or between <i>beings</i> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger#Being" title="Martin Heidegger"><i>being</i></a> as such. He labeled this the "ontological difference." It is from this distinction that he develops the concept of <b>fundamental ontology</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Fundamentalontologie</i>). </p><p>The history of ontology in <a href="/wiki/Western_philosophy" title="Western philosophy">Western philosophy</a> is, in Heidegger's terms, ontical, whereas <i>ontology</i> ought to designate fundamental ontology. He says this "ontological inquiry" is required to understand the basis of the sciences.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ontology,_phenomenology,_and_the_ontological_difference"><span id="Ontology.2C_phenomenology.2C_and_the_ontological_difference"></span>Ontology, phenomenology, and the ontological difference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundamental_ontology&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ontology, phenomenology, and the ontological difference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditional ontology asks "Why is there anything?", whereas Heidegger's fundamental ontology asks, "What does it mean for something to be?," writes <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Carman" title="Taylor Carman">Taylor Carman</a> (2003). Carman elaborates: Heidegger's fundamental ontology is relevant to traditional ontology in that it concerns "what any understanding of entities necessarily presupposes, namely, our understanding of that in virtue of which entities are entities".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This "ontological difference" is central to Heidegger's philosophy.<sup id="cite_ref-Wheeler_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wheeler-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his 1937 "<a href="/wiki/Contributions_to_Philosophy" title="Contributions to Philosophy">Contributions to Philosophy</a>" Heidegger described it as "<i>the</i> essence of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger#Dasein" title="Martin Heidegger">Dasein</a>," where "Dasein" refers to a being (such as the human) for whom the meaning of being is itself an issue.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He accuses the Western philosophical tradition of incorrectly focusing on the "ontic"—and thus <i>forgetful</i> of this distinction. This has led to the mistake of understanding <i>being</i> (as such) as a kind of ultimate entity, for example as <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_forms" title="Theory of forms">idea</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Energeia" class="mw-redirect" title="Energeia">energeia</a></i>, <i>substantia</i>, or <a href="/wiki/Will_to_power" title="Will to power">will to power</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wheeler_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wheeler-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dahlstrom_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dahlstrom-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Korab-Karpowicz_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Korab-Karpowicz-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rorty" title="Richard Rorty">Richard Rorty</a>, Heidegger envisioned no "hidden power of Being" as an ultimate entity.<sup id="cite_ref-IEP_Rorty_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEP_Rorty-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heidegger tries to rectify ontic philosophy by focusing instead on the <i>meaning of being</i>, that is, fundamental ontology. This "ontological inquiry" is required to understand the basis of the sciences, according to <i><a href="/wiki/Being_and_Time" title="Being and Time">Being and Time</a></i> (1927).<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fundamental ontology is the result of <a href="/wiki/Heidegger" class="mw-redirect" title="Heidegger">Heidegger</a>'s decision to re-interpret <a href="/wiki/Phenomenology_(philosophy)" title="Phenomenology (philosophy)">phenomenology</a>, as developed earlier by his mentor <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Husserl" title="Edmund Husserl">Edmund Husserl</a>. According to Heidegger, the phenomenological project required new terminology and a redefinition of traditional concepts. For instance, the thesis that a <a href="/wiki/Phenomenon" title="Phenomenon">phenomenon</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Essence" title="Essence">essence</a> of a thing could not be articulated solely with traditional concepts and terms. In fact, Heidegger consistently refused to use these concepts in their Husserlian senses. </p><p>Moreover, Heidegger went on to separate his fundamental ontology from previous ontologies. Heidegger wrote that clarifying the meaning of being is required for the basis of all fields of science. For Heidegger, the ontical forms of research conducted by scientists presuppose the fundamental-ontological. As he expresses it: </p> <blockquote><p>The question of Being aims… at ascertaining the <i>a priori</i> conditions not only for the possibility of the sciences which examine beings as beings of such and such a type, and, in doing so, already operate with an understanding of Being, but also for the possibility of those ontologies themselves which are prior to the ontical sciences and which provide their foundations. <i>Basically, all ontology, no matter how rich and firmly compacted a system of categories it has at its disposal, remains blind and perverted from its ownmost aim, if it has not first adequately clarified the meaning of Being, and conceived this clarification as its fundamental task</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>In Husserl's definition, "phenomenon" appeared comprehensive and sufficient for his philosophical ventures. But Heidegger saw room for new development. By shifting the priority from consciousness (psychology) to existence (ontology), Heidegger opened a new direction for phenomenological inquiry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundamental_ontology&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation ontology">Foundation ontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-ontology" title="Meta-ontology">Meta-ontology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundamental_ontology&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin Heidegger, <i>Being and Time</i>, §3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCarman2003" class="citation book cs1">Carman (2003). <i>Heidegger's Analytic Interpretation, Discourse and Authenticity in Being and Time</i>. pp. 8–52.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heidegger%27s+Analytic+Interpretation%2C+Discourse+and+Authenticity+in+Being+and+Time&rft.pages=8-52&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Carman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFundamental+ontology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wheeler-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wheeler_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wheeler_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheeler2020" class="citation web cs1">Wheeler, Michael (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/heidegger/">"Martin Heidegger"</a>. <i>The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Martin+Heidegger&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fheidegger%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFundamental+ontology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchalow2010" class="citation book cs1">Schalow, Frank (2010). "Ontological difference". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philpapers.org/rec/SCHHDO-2"><i>Historical Dictionary of Heidegger's Philosophy</i></a>. Scarecrow Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ontological+difference&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Heidegger%27s+Philosophy&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Schalow&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphilpapers.org%2Frec%2FSCHHDO-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFundamental+ontology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Contributions to Philosophy (of the event), 2012 trans. page 369</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dahlstrom-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dahlstrom_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDahlstrom2004" class="citation book cs1">Dahlstrom, D. O. (2004). "Ontology". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/philosophy/philosophy-terms-and-concepts/ontology"><i>New Catholic Encyclopedia</i></a>. Gale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ontology&rft.btitle=New+Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Gale&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Dahlstrom&rft.aufirst=D.+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fphilosophy-and-religion%2Fphilosophy%2Fphilosophy-terms-and-concepts%2Fontology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFundamental+ontology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Korab-Karpowicz-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Korab-Karpowicz_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorab-Karpowicz" class="citation web cs1">Korab-Karpowicz, W. J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iep.utm.edu/heidegge/">"Heidegger, Martin"</a>. <i>Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Heidegger%2C+Martin&rft.aulast=Korab-Karpowicz&rft.aufirst=W.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiep.utm.edu%2Fheidegge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFundamental+ontology" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IEP_Rorty-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IEP_Rorty_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrippe" class="citation cs2">Grippe, Edward, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iep.utm.edu/rorty/">"Richard Rorty (1931—2007)"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2161-0002">2161-0002</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Richard+Rorty+%281931%E2%80%942007%29&rft.btitle=Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.issn=2161-0002&rft.aulast=Grippe&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiep.utm.edu%2Frorty%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFundamental+ontology" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fundamental_ontology&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Heidegger, Martin (1997). <i>Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics</i>.</li> <li>Heidegger, Martin (1988). <i>Basic Problems of Phenomenology</i>.</li> <li>Heidegger, Martin (2010). <i>Being and Time</i>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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Heidegger"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Martin_Heidegger" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Martin Heidegger</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aletheia" title="Aletheia">Aletheia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dasein" title="Dasein">Dasein</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecstasy_(philosophy)#Existential_philosophy" title="Ecstasy (philosophy)">Ekstase</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fundamental ontology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gestell" title="Gestell">Gestell</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeneutic_circle" title="Hermeneutic circle">Hermeneutic circle</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Language_speaks" class="mw-redirect" title="Language speaks">Language speaks</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysics_of_presence" title="Metaphysics of presence">Metaphysics of presence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontic">Ontic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heideggerian_terminology" title="Heideggerian terminology">Terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrownness" title="Thrownness">Thrownness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_disclosure" title="World disclosure">World disclosure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Being_and_Time" title="Being and Time">Being and Time</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1927)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Is_Metaphysics%3F" title="What Is Metaphysics?">What Is Metaphysics?</a>" <span style="font-size:85%;">(1929)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kant_and_the_Problem_of_Metaphysics" title="Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics">Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1929)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_Metaphysics_(Heidegger_book)" title="Introduction to Metaphysics (Heidegger book)">Introduction to Metaphysics</a>" <span style="font-size:85%;">(1935)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Notebooks" title="Black Notebooks">Black Notebooks</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1931–41)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Age_of_the_World_Picture" title="The Age of the World Picture">The Age of the World Picture</a>" <span style="font-size:85%;">(1938)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Contributions_to_Philosophy" title="Contributions to Philosophy">Contributions to Philosophy</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1936–1938)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6lderlin%27s_Hymn_%22The_Ister%22" title="Hölderlin's Hymn "The Ister"">Hölderlin's Hymn "The Ister"</a>" <span style="font-size:85%;">(1942)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Letter_on_Humanism" title="Letter on Humanism">Letter on Humanism</a>" <span style="font-size:85%;">(1947)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Question_Concerning_Technology" title="The Question Concerning Technology">The Question Concerning Technology</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1949)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Origin_of_the_Work_of_Art" title="The Origin of the Work of Art">The Origin of the Work of Art</a>" <span style="font-size:85%;">(1950)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_Is_Called_Thinking%3F" title="What Is Called Thinking?">What Is Called Thinking?</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1951–2)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_Is_Philosophy%3F_(Heidegger_book)" title="What Is Philosophy? (Heidegger book)">What Is Philosophy?</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1955)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Only_a_God_Can_Save_Us" title="Only a God Can Save Us">Only a God Can Save Us</a>" <span style="font-size:85%;">(1966)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heidegger_Gesamtausgabe" title="Heidegger Gesamtausgabe">Heidegger Gesamtausgabe</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film and TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ister_(film)" title="The Ister (film)">The Ister</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Being_in_the_World" title="Being in the World">Being in the World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Human,_All_Too_Human_(TV_series)" title="Human, All Too Human (TV series)">Human, All Too Human</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heidegger_scholars" title="Category:Heidegger scholars">Heidegger scholars</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heidegger_Studies" title="Heidegger Studies">Heidegger Studies</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger_and_Nazism" title="Martin Heidegger and Nazism">Relationship with Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassirer%E2%80%93Heidegger_debate" title="Cassirer–Heidegger debate">Cassirer–Heidegger debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thing_theory" title="Thing theory">Thing theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fundamental_ontology&oldid=1253696308">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fundamental_ontology&oldid=1253696308</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philosophical_categories" title="Category:Philosophical categories">Philosophical categories</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th_century_in_philosophy" title="Category:20th century in philosophy">20th century in philosophy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Phenomenology" title="Category:Phenomenology">Phenomenology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ontology" title="Category:Ontology">Ontology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 October 2024, at 11:45<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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