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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# article: http://ogp.me/ns/article# book: http://ogp.me/ns/book#" >  <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//d33xdlntwy0kbs.cloudfront.net" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.google.com" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//scholar.google.com" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.googletagmanager.com" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/default/files/images/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/pdf" title="Full Text (PDF)" href="/content/10.1101/2024.11.17.624019v1.full.pdf" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/plain" title="Full Text (Plain)" href="/content/10.1101/2024.11.17.624019v1.full.txt" /> <meta name="type" content="article" /> <meta name="category" content="article" /> <meta name="HW.identifier" content="/biorxiv/early/2024/11/18/2024.11.17.624019.atom" /> <meta name="HW.pisa" content="biorxiv;2024.11.17.624019v1" /> <meta name="DC.Format" content="text/html" /> <meta name="DC.Language" content="en" /> <meta name="DC.Title" content="Rapid riparian ecosystem recovery in low-latitudinal North China following the end-Permian mass extinction" /> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.1101/2024.11.17.624019" /> <meta name="DC.Date" content="2024-11-18" /> <meta name="DC.Publisher" content="Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory" /> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2024, Posted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. This pre-print is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 4.0 International), CC BY 4.0, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" /> <meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="restricted" /> <meta name="DC.Description" content="The greatest mass extinction at the end-Permian, 252 million years ago (Ma), led to a tropical dead zone on land and sea. The speed of recovery of life has been debated, whether fast or slow, and terrestrial ecosystems are much less understood than marine. Here, we show fast reestablished riparian ecosystems in low-latitude North China within as little as ∼2 million years (Myr) after the end-Permian extinction. The initial ichnoassemblages in shallow lacustrine and fluvial facies of late Smithian age are monospecific, devoid of infaunalization, with apparent size reduction. In the following Spathian, newly identified medium-sized carnivores, plant stems, root traces, coupled with improved ichnological criteria and significantly increased infaunalization, suggesting a relatively complex, multi-level trophic structured riverain ecosystem had been rebuilt. Specifically, burrowing behavior had re-emerged as a key life strategy not only to minimize stressful climatic conditions, but possible to escape predation. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest." /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Wenwei Guo" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Li Tian" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Daoliang Chu" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Wenchao Shu" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Michael J. Benton" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Jun Liu" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Jinnan Tong" /> <meta name="article:published_time" content="2024-11-18" /> <meta name="article:section" content="New Results" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Rapid riparian ecosystem recovery in low-latitudinal North China following the end-Permian mass extinction" /> <meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="<p>The greatest mass extinction at the end-Permian, 252 million years ago (Ma), led to a tropical dead zone on land and sea. The speed of recovery of life has been debated, whether fast or slow, and terrestrial ecosystems are much less understood than marine. Here, we show fast reestablished riparian ecosystems in low-latitude North China within as little as ~2 million years (Myr) after the end-Permian extinction. The initial ichnoassemblages in shallow lacustrine and fluvial facies of late Smithian age are monospecific, devoid of infaunalization, with apparent size reduction. In the following Spathian, newly identified medium-sized carnivores, plant stems, root traces, coupled with improved ichnological criteria and significantly increased infaunalization, suggesting a relatively complex, multi-level trophic structured riverain ecosystem had been rebuilt. Specifically, burrowing behavior had re-emerged as a key life strategy not only to minimize stressful climatic conditions, but possible to escape predation.</p>" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="bioRxiv" /> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_mjid" content="biorxiv;2024.11.17.624019v1" /> <meta name="citation_id" content="2024.11.17.624019v1" /> <meta name="citation_public_url" content="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.17.624019v1" /> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.17.624019v1.abstract" /> <meta name="citation_full_html_url" content="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.17.624019v1.full" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2024/11/18/2024.11.17.624019.full.pdf" /> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1101/2024.11.17.624019" /> <meta name="citation_num_pages" content="42" /> <meta name="citation_article_type" content="Article" /> <meta name="citation_section" content="New Results" /> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="2024.11.17.624019" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Wenwei Guo" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="College of Culture and Tourism, Zhangzhou Institute of Technology" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Li Tian" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences" /> <meta name="citation_author_email" content="tianlibgeg@cug.edu.cn" /> <meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-2007" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Daoliang Chu" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Wenchao Shu" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Michael J. 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Improving paleoenvironment in North China aided Triassic biotic recovery on land following the end-Permian mass extinction. Global and Planetary Change, 216: 103914. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2022.103914" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Rapid riparian ecosystem recovery in low-latitudinal North China following the end-Permian mass extinction" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@biorxivpreprint" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/default/files/images/biorxiv_logo_homepage7-5-small.png" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The greatest mass extinction at the end-Permian, 252 million years ago (Ma), led to a tropical dead zone on land and sea. The speed of recovery of life has been debated, whether fast or slow, and terrestrial ecosystems are much less understood than marine. Here, we show fast reestablished riparian ecosystems in low-latitude North China within as little as ∼2 million years (Myr) after the end-Permian extinction. The initial ichnoassemblages in shallow lacustrine and fluvial facies of late Smithian age are monospecific, devoid of infaunalization, with apparent size reduction. In the following Spathian, newly identified medium-sized carnivores, plant stems, root traces, coupled with improved ichnological criteria and significantly increased infaunalization, suggesting a relatively complex, multi-level trophic structured riverain ecosystem had been rebuilt. Specifically, burrowing behavior had re-emerged as a key life strategy not only to minimize stressful climatic conditions, but possible to escape predation. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest." /> <meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Rapid riparian ecosystem recovery in low-latitudinal North China following the end-Permian mass extinction" /> <meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.17.624019v1" /> <meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="bioRxiv" /> <meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="The greatest mass extinction at the end-Permian, 252 million years ago (Ma), led to a tropical dead zone on land and sea. The speed of recovery of life has been debated, whether fast or slow, and terrestrial ecosystems are much less understood than marine. Here, we show fast reestablished riparian ecosystems in low-latitude North China within as little as ∼2 million years (Myr) after the end-Permian extinction. The initial ichnoassemblages in shallow lacustrine and fluvial facies of late Smithian age are monospecific, devoid of infaunalization, with apparent size reduction. In the following Spathian, newly identified medium-sized carnivores, plant stems, root traces, coupled with improved ichnological criteria and significantly increased infaunalization, suggesting a relatively complex, multi-level trophic structured riverain ecosystem had been rebuilt. Specifically, burrowing behavior had re-emerged as a key life strategy not only to minimize stressful climatic conditions, but possible to escape predation. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest." /> <meta name="og-type" property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta name="og-image" property="og:image" content="https://www.biorxiv.org/sites/default/files/images/biorxiv_logo_homepage7-5-small.png" /> <meta name="citation_date" content="2024-11-18" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/vnd.ms-powerpoint" title="Powerpoint" href="/content/10.1101/2024.11.17.624019v1.ppt" /> <meta name="description" content="bioRxiv - the preprint server for biology, operated by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, a research and educational institution" /> <meta name="generator" content="Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.17.624019v1" /> <link rel="shortlink" 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class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node4231051" data-node-nid="4231051" id="node-4231051--2161532012" data-pisa="biorxiv;2024.11.17.624019v1" data-pisa-master="biorxiv;2024.11.17.624019" data-apath="/biorxiv/early/2024/11/18/2024.11.17.624019.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-biorxiv-article-top clearfix has-author-tooltip" > <span class="biorxiv-article-type"> New Results </span> <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Rapid riparian ecosystem recovery in low-latitudinal North China following the end-Permian mass extinction</h1> <div class="highwire-cite-authors" ><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Wenwei</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Guo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author hw-author-orcid-logo-wrapper" data-delta="1"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-2007" target="_blank" class="hw-author-orcid-logo link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="hw-icon-orcid hw-icon-color-orcid"></span> <span class="title element-invisible">View ORCID Profile</span></a><span class="nlm-given-names">Li</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tian</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Daoliang</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Wenchao</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Shu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author hw-author-orcid-logo-wrapper" data-delta="4"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4323-1824" target="_blank" class="hw-author-orcid-logo link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="hw-icon-orcid hw-icon-color-orcid"></span> <span class="title element-invisible">View ORCID Profile</span></a><span class="nlm-given-names">Michael J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Benton</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jun</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Liu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jinnan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tong</span></span></span></div> <div class="highwire-cite-metadata" ><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">doi:</span> https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.11.17.624019 </span></div> </div> <div id="hw-article-author-popups-node-4231051--2161532012" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Wenwei Guo </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>1</span><span class='nlm-institution'>College of Culture and Tourism, Zhangzhou Institute of Technology</span>, Zhangzhou 363000, People’s Republic of <span class='nlm-country'>China</span></div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>2</span><span class='nlm-institution'>State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences</span>, Wuhan, 430074, People’s Republic of <span class='nlm-country'>China</span></div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Wenwei%2BGuo%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Guo%20W&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AWenwei%2BGuo%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Li Tian </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>2</span><span class='nlm-institution'>State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences</span>, Wuhan, 430074, People’s Republic of <span class='nlm-country'>China</span></div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Li%2BTian%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Tian%20L&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find 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of <span class='nlm-country'>China</span></div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Daoliang%2BChu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Chu%20D&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3ADaoliang%2BChu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Wenchao Shu </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>2</span><span class='nlm-institution'>State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences</span>, Wuhan, 430074, People’s Republic of <span class='nlm-country'>China</span></div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Wenchao%2BShu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Shu%20W&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AWenchao%2BShu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div 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Benton </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>3</span><span class='nlm-institution'>School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol</span>, BS8 1RJ, <span class='nlm-country'>UK</span></div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Michael%2BJ.%2BBenton%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Benton%20MJ&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AMichael%2BJ.%2BBenton%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4323-1824" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Michael J. Benton</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Jun Liu </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>4</span><span class='nlm-institution'>Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences</span>, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of <span class='nlm-country'>China</span></div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&gs_type=author&author%5B0%5D=Jun%2BLiu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Liu%20J&link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li 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The speed of recovery of life has been debated, whether fast or slow, and terrestrial ecosystems are much less understood than marine. Here, we show fast reestablished riparian ecosystems in low-latitude North China within as little as ∼2 million years (Myr) after the end-Permian extinction. The initial ichnoassemblages in shallow lacustrine and fluvial facies of late Smithian age are monospecific, devoid of infaunalization, with apparent size reduction. In the following Spathian, newly identified medium-sized carnivores, plant stems, root traces, coupled with improved ichnological criteria and significantly increased infaunalization, suggesting a relatively complex, multi-level trophic structured riverain ecosystem had been rebuilt. Specifically, burrowing behavior had re-emerged as a key life strategy not only to minimize stressful climatic conditions, but possible to escape predation.</p></div><h3>Competing Interest Statement</h3><p id="p-3">The authors have declared no competing interest.</p><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-biorxiv-copyright" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="field field-name-field-highwire-copyright field-type-text field-label-inline clearfix"><div class="field-label">Copyright </div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.<span class="license-type"> It is made available under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" class="" data-icon-position="" 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