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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Pathology</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">87,227 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Pathology</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Pathology">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12439041" data-work_id="12439041" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12439041/Outbreak_of_viral_haemorrhagic_septicaemia_VHS_in_seawater_farmed_rainbow_trout_in_Norway_caused_by_VHS_virus_Genotype_III">Outbreak of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) in seawater-farmed rainbow trout in Norway caused by VHS virus Genotype III</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We describe the finding of a novel viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) Genotype III strain that caused disease of both a neurological and septicaemic nature in seawater-farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in Storfjorden,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12439041" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We describe the finding of a novel viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) Genotype III strain that caused disease of both a neurological and septicaemic nature in seawater-farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in Storfjorden, Norway. In November 2007, an outbreak of VHS associated with slightly elevated mortality was confirmed at a seawater site rearing rainbow trout (90 to 440 g). Within 3 to 4 mo, the disease was recognised in 3 neighbouring sea sites with ongrowing rainbow trout. The clinical, gross pathological and histopathological findings were in accordance with VHS, and the diagnosis was confirmed by the detection of VHSV in brain and internal tissues by immunohistochemistry, cell culture and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Sequence analysis of the G-gene revealed that the isolated virus clustered with VHSV Genotype III and that the Norwegian isolate represents a unique strain of VHSV. The pathogenicity of the virus strain to rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar was examined using infection experiments. In immersion trials, the Norwegian isolate produced a cumulative mortality of 70% in rainbow trout, while nearly 100% mortality was obtained after intraperitoneal injection of the virus. For Atlantic salmon, no mortality was observed in immersion trials, whereas 52% mortality was observed after intraperitoneal injection. The Norwegian isolate thus represents the first VHSV of Genotype III pathogenic to rainbow trout.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12439041" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6e7e86b9fe3ed6d10cebf8c64677a451" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46183601,"asset_id":12439041,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46183601/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31245390" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HelleSkall">Helle Frank Skall</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31245390" type="text/json">{"id":31245390,"first_name":"Helle Frank","last_name":"Skall","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HelleSkall","display_name":"Helle Frank Skall","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HelleSkall?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12439041 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12439041"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12439041, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12439041", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12439041]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12439041").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12439041").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12439041"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">23</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1085" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology">Epidemiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1085" type="text/json">{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4711" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fisheries">Fisheries</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4711" type="text/json">{"id":4711,"name":"Fisheries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fisheries?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12439041]'), work: {"id":12439041,"title":"Outbreak of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) in seawater-farmed rainbow trout in Norway caused by VHS virus Genotype III","created_at":"2015-05-18T03:33:11.997-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12439041/Outbreak_of_viral_haemorrhagic_septicaemia_VHS_in_seawater_farmed_rainbow_trout_in_Norway_caused_by_VHS_virus_Genotype_III?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_12439041","summary":"We describe the finding of a novel viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) Genotype III strain that caused disease of both a neurological and septicaemic nature in seawater-farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in Storfjorden, Norway. In November 2007, an outbreak of VHS associated with slightly elevated mortality was confirmed at a seawater site rearing rainbow trout (90 to 440 g). Within 3 to 4 mo, the disease was recognised in 3 neighbouring sea sites with ongrowing rainbow trout. The clinical, gross pathological and histopathological findings were in accordance with VHS, and the diagnosis was confirmed by the detection of VHSV in brain and internal tissues by immunohistochemistry, cell culture and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Sequence analysis of the G-gene revealed that the isolated virus clustered with VHSV Genotype III and that the Norwegian isolate represents a unique strain of VHSV. The pathogenicity of the virus strain to rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar was examined using infection experiments. In immersion trials, the Norwegian isolate produced a cumulative mortality of 70% in rainbow trout, while nearly 100% mortality was obtained after intraperitoneal injection of the virus. For Atlantic salmon, no mortality was observed in immersion trials, whereas 52% mortality was observed after intraperitoneal injection. The Norwegian isolate thus represents the first VHSV of Genotype III pathogenic to rainbow trout.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46183601,"asset_id":12439041,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31245390,"first_name":"Helle Frank","last_name":"Skall","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HelleSkall","display_name":"Helle Frank Skall","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HelleSkall?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":4711,"name":"Fisheries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fisheries?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":37782,"name":"Cell Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Culture?f_ri=165"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=165"},{"id":51645,"name":"Norway","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norway?f_ri=165"},{"id":53132,"name":"Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis?f_ri=165"},{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=165"},{"id":57907,"name":"Disease Outbreaks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Outbreaks?f_ri=165"},{"id":82145,"name":"Virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virus?f_ri=165"},{"id":96991,"name":"Aquatic Animals Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_Animals_Diseases?f_ri=165"},{"id":184467,"name":"Seawater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seawater?f_ri=165"},{"id":341036,"name":"Outbreaks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Outbreaks?f_ri=165"},{"id":372410,"name":"Genotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genotype?f_ri=165"},{"id":394429,"name":"Sea Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sea_Water?f_ri=165"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=165"},{"id":437726,"name":"Rainbow trout","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rainbow_trout?f_ri=165"},{"id":441045,"name":"Salmo salar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salmo_salar?f_ri=165"},{"id":957793,"name":"Pathogenicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathogenicity?f_ri=165"},{"id":973494,"name":"Reverse Transcriptase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reverse_Transcriptase?f_ri=165"},{"id":988721,"name":"Oncorhynchus Mykiss","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncorhynchus_Mykiss?f_ri=165"},{"id":1027732,"name":"Genotypes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genotypes?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14297931" data-work_id="14297931" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14297931/The_relationship_between_sexual_abuse_during_childhood_and_parenting_outcomes_modeling_direct_and_indirect_pathways">The relationship between sexual abuse during childhood and parenting outcomes: modeling direct and indirect pathways</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study examined the association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and parenting outcomes including parenting stress, feelings of competence and discipline strategies. Maternal depression and current partner violence were... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14297931" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study examined the association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and parenting outcomes including parenting stress, feelings of competence and discipline strategies. Maternal depression and current partner violence were hypothesized to be mediators of the association between CSA and parenting. This study is based on secondary data analysis of archived data. The participants were 263 primiparous mothers (107 with a history of CSA and 156 comparison mothers recruited from a prenatal clinic prior to the birth of their first child. Mothers were interviewed twice: once when they were between 28 and 32 weeks gestation and again when their child was between 2 and 4 years of age. During the first interview, women were asked about childhood experiences of sexual abuse. During their second interview, they were asked about current symptoms of pathology and experiences with partner violence and parenting beliefs and practices. Structural Equation Modeling indicated that the relationship...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14297931" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a9eb605a69280a4a12c897768352fcc1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44345049,"asset_id":14297931,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44345049/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33256652" href="https://buffalostate.academia.edu/PamelaSchuetze">Pamela Schuetze</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33256652" type="text/json">{"id":33256652,"first_name":"Pamela","last_name":"Schuetze","domain_name":"buffalostate","page_name":"PamelaSchuetze","display_name":"Pamela Schuetze","profile_url":"https://buffalostate.academia.edu/PamelaSchuetze?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33256652/150238946/139816495/s65_pamela.schuetze.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14297931 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14297931"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14297931, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14297931", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14297931]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14297931").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14297931").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14297931"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="940" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work">Social Work</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="940" type="text/json">{"id":940,"name":"Social Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1663" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestic_Violence">Domestic Violence</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1663" type="text/json">{"id":1663,"name":"Domestic Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestic_Violence?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14297931]'), work: {"id":14297931,"title":"The relationship between sexual abuse during childhood and parenting outcomes: modeling direct and indirect pathways","created_at":"2015-07-22T08:39:34.932-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14297931/The_relationship_between_sexual_abuse_during_childhood_and_parenting_outcomes_modeling_direct_and_indirect_pathways?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_14297931","summary":"This study examined the association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and parenting outcomes including parenting stress, feelings of competence and discipline strategies. Maternal depression and current partner violence were hypothesized to be mediators of the association between CSA and parenting. This study is based on secondary data analysis of archived data. The participants were 263 primiparous mothers (107 with a history of CSA and 156 comparison mothers recruited from a prenatal clinic prior to the birth of their first child. Mothers were interviewed twice: once when they were between 28 and 32 weeks gestation and again when their child was between 2 and 4 years of age. During the first interview, women were asked about childhood experiences of sexual abuse. During their second interview, they were asked about current symptoms of pathology and experiences with partner violence and parenting beliefs and practices. Structural Equation Modeling indicated that the relationship...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44345049,"asset_id":14297931,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33256652,"first_name":"Pamela","last_name":"Schuetze","domain_name":"buffalostate","page_name":"PamelaSchuetze","display_name":"Pamela Schuetze","profile_url":"https://buffalostate.academia.edu/PamelaSchuetze?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33256652/150238946/139816495/s65_pamela.schuetze.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":940,"name":"Social Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":1663,"name":"Domestic Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestic_Violence?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":1737,"name":"Sexual Abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Abuse?f_ri=165"},{"id":2566,"name":"Child abuse and neglect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_abuse_and_neglect?f_ri=165"},{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=165"},{"id":4205,"name":"Data Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Analysis?f_ri=165"},{"id":4545,"name":"Parenting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parenting?f_ri=165"},{"id":39525,"name":"Discipline","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discipline?f_ri=165"},{"id":60356,"name":"Childhood Sexual Abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childhood_Sexual_Abuse?f_ri=165"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=165"},{"id":73740,"name":"Child Sexual Abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Sexual_Abuse?f_ri=165"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=165"},{"id":103551,"name":"Structural equation models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_equation_models?f_ri=165"},{"id":676456,"name":"Maternal Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal_Depression?f_ri=165"},{"id":914896,"name":"Partner Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Partner_Violence?f_ri=165"},{"id":959862,"name":"Child Rearing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Rearing?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17944694" data-work_id="17944694" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17944694/The_forensic_entomologist_in_the_context_of_the_forensic_pathologist_s_role">The forensic entomologist in the context of the forensic pathologist’s role</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An adequate death investigation requires the combined efforts and cooperation of experts in different disciplines: crime scene technicians, death investigators, forensic pathologists, anthropologists, entomologists, other medical and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17944694" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An adequate death investigation requires the combined efforts and cooperation of experts in different disciplines: crime scene technicians, death investigators, forensic pathologists, anthropologists, entomologists, other medical and non-medical professionals. These front-line experts play a crucial role in every death investigation process. The forensic pathologist normally has the legal authority to take charge of the dead body at a death scene and his primary functions are the exterior and interior examination of the cadaver by analyzing the extent of antemortem injuries and the postmortem changes and the recovery of physical evidence. He is responsible for determining how, when and why of any death which is the result of violence, suspicious or unexplained circumstances or a death which is sudden or unattended, defending and explaining the reasons for making these diagnoses in a courtroom. The forensic entomologist can provide invaluable aid in death cases where human remains are colonized by insects and in the overall investigation. His principal role is to identify the arthropods associated with such cases and to analyze entomological data for interpreting insect evidence. He is responsible for determining the period of insect activity according to all the variables affecting insect invasion of remains and their development. The major goal of medico-criminal entomology is to contribute to the determination of the time, cause, manner and place of the investigated death (especially on badly decomposed corpses or skeletonized human remains) with the support of all the elements which can be inferred from the study of insects found on the cadaver or nearby. The application of techniques devised recently in forensic entomology can allow experts in the ®eld to collect strong entomological evidence and provide useful information not only in a death investigation including movement or storage of the remains following death, time of dismemberment, postmortem artifacts on the body but also at the scene, and even more in child neglect, sexual molestation and identi®cation of suspects. As the role of the forensic entomologist at the death scene, at the autopsy and in the laboratory is de®ned and well known, this paper focuses on the dif®culties that could arise if forensic pathologists and entomologists are uncertain about the procedures that they have to follow, do not realize the value of objective ®ndings or fail to evaluate them. Although every forensic case presents a slightly different set of circumstances and has to be tackled individually, the forensic pathologist should work with the forensic entomologist from the visual observations of the cadaver on the scene, through the collection of arthropods and temperature data at the death scene and at the autopsy, up to the ®nal report with the interpretation of entomological and other biological evidence. # : S 0 3 7 9 -0 7 3 8 ( 0 1 ) 0 0 4 2 5 -X</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17944694" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0b2ffe5e944b2c2eb2c12edd51e1b5fa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39792160,"asset_id":17944694,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39792160/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37860158" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CarloCampobasso">Carlo Campobasso</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37860158" type="text/json">{"id":37860158,"first_name":"Carlo","last_name":"Campobasso","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CarloCampobasso","display_name":"Carlo Campobasso","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CarloCampobasso?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17944694 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17944694"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17944694, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17944694", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17944694 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17944694; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17944694"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17944694 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17944694"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17944694; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17944694]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17944694").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17944694").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17944694"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="178" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entomology">Entomology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="178" type="text/json">{"id":178,"name":"Entomology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entomology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1588" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Science">Forensic Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1588" type="text/json">{"id":1588,"name":"Forensic Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Science?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4308" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Entomology">Forensic Entomology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4308" type="text/json">{"id":4308,"name":"Forensic Entomology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Entomology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17944694]'), work: {"id":17944694,"title":"The forensic entomologist in the context of the forensic pathologist’s role","created_at":"2015-11-08T00:49:07.109-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17944694/The_forensic_entomologist_in_the_context_of_the_forensic_pathologist_s_role?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_17944694","summary":"An adequate death investigation requires the combined efforts and cooperation of experts in different disciplines: crime scene technicians, death investigators, forensic pathologists, anthropologists, entomologists, other medical and non-medical professionals. These front-line experts play a crucial role in every death investigation process. The forensic pathologist normally has the legal authority to take charge of the dead body at a death scene and his primary functions are the exterior and interior examination of the cadaver by analyzing the extent of antemortem injuries and the postmortem changes and the recovery of physical evidence. He is responsible for determining how, when and why of any death which is the result of violence, suspicious or unexplained circumstances or a death which is sudden or unattended, defending and explaining the reasons for making these diagnoses in a courtroom. The forensic entomologist can provide invaluable aid in death cases where human remains are colonized by insects and in the overall investigation. His principal role is to identify the arthropods associated with such cases and to analyze entomological data for interpreting insect evidence. He is responsible for determining the period of insect activity according to all the variables affecting insect invasion of remains and their development. The major goal of medico-criminal entomology is to contribute to the determination of the time, cause, manner and place of the investigated death (especially on badly decomposed corpses or skeletonized human remains) with the support of all the elements which can be inferred from the study of insects found on the cadaver or nearby. The application of techniques devised recently in forensic entomology can allow experts in the ®eld to collect strong entomological evidence and provide useful information not only in a death investigation including movement or storage of the remains following death, time of dismemberment, postmortem artifacts on the body but also at the scene, and even more in child neglect, sexual molestation and identi®cation of suspects. As the role of the forensic entomologist at the death scene, at the autopsy and in the laboratory is de®ned and well known, this paper focuses on the dif®culties that could arise if forensic pathologists and entomologists are uncertain about the procedures that they have to follow, do not realize the value of objective ®ndings or fail to evaluate them. Although every forensic case presents a slightly different set of circumstances and has to be tackled individually, the forensic pathologist should work with the forensic entomologist from the visual observations of the cadaver on the scene, through the collection of arthropods and temperature data at the death scene and at the autopsy, up to the ®nal report with the interpretation of entomological and other biological evidence. # : S 0 3 7 9 -0 7 3 8 ( 0 1 ) 0 0 4 2 5 -X","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39792160,"asset_id":17944694,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37860158,"first_name":"Carlo","last_name":"Campobasso","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CarloCampobasso","display_name":"Carlo Campobasso","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CarloCampobasso?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":178,"name":"Entomology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entomology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":1588,"name":"Forensic Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Science?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":4308,"name":"Forensic Entomology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Entomology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":13397,"name":"Forensic Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Medicine?f_ri=165"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=165"},{"id":247948,"name":"Cadaver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cadaver?f_ri=165"},{"id":461851,"name":"Diptera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diptera?f_ri=165"},{"id":1658786,"name":"Child Neglect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Neglect?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40487733" data-work_id="40487733" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40487733/Atlas_of_Congenital_Heart_Disease_Nomenclature_An_Illustrated_Guide_to_the_Van_Praagh_and_Anderson_Approaches_to_Describing_Congenital_Cardiac_Pathology">Atlas of Congenital Heart Disease Nomenclature: An Illustrated Guide to the Van Praagh and Anderson Approaches to Describing Congenital Cardiac Pathology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40487733" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b41cb0240c22e0fc6edd704889ac9394" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60755429,"asset_id":40487733,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60755429/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="122665975" href="https://universitasislamriau.academia.edu/ChelseaSims">Chelsea Sims</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="122665975" type="text/json">{"id":122665975,"first_name":"Chelsea","last_name":"Sims","domain_name":"universitasislamriau","page_name":"ChelseaSims","display_name":"Chelsea Sims","profile_url":"https://universitasislamriau.academia.edu/ChelseaSims?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/122665975/30794051/28496956/s65_chelsea.sims.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40487733 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40487733"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40487733, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40487733", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40487733 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40487733; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40487733"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40487733 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40487733"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40487733; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40487733]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40487733").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40487733").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40487733"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40487733]'), work: {"id":40487733,"title":"Atlas of Congenital Heart Disease Nomenclature: An Illustrated Guide to the Van Praagh and Anderson Approaches to Describing Congenital Cardiac Pathology","created_at":"2019-10-01T00:35:38.678-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40487733/Atlas_of_Congenital_Heart_Disease_Nomenclature_An_Illustrated_Guide_to_the_Van_Praagh_and_Anderson_Approaches_to_Describing_Congenital_Cardiac_Pathology?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_40487733","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60755429,"asset_id":40487733,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":122665975,"first_name":"Chelsea","last_name":"Sims","domain_name":"universitasislamriau","page_name":"ChelseaSims","display_name":"Chelsea Sims","profile_url":"https://universitasislamriau.academia.edu/ChelseaSims?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/122665975/30794051/28496956/s65_chelsea.sims.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47198405" data-work_id="47198405" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47198405/Ultra_structure_of_pre_synaptic_input_to_motor_neurons_in_Onufs_nucleus_controls_and_motor_neuron_disease">Ultra structure of pre-synaptic input to motor neurons in Onuf's nucleus: controls and motor neuron disease</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ultrastructural analyses of sphincteric motoneurons in Onuf's nucleus at S2 were undertaken in human spinal cord obtained 3-6 h post-mortem from three subjects with no neurological disease ('controls') and five in which death was due to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47198405" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ultrastructural analyses of sphincteric motoneurons in Onuf's nucleus at S2 were undertaken in human spinal cord obtained 3-6 h post-mortem from three subjects with no neurological disease ('controls') and five in which death was due to motor neuron disease (MND). Neurons in specified locations within Onuf's nucleus of control subjects ranged between 17.8 and 71.7 pm diameter (mean 38.6 pm). Analyses of synaptology revealed five ultrastructural classes of presynaptic terminal synapsing with the neuronal surface membrane. When classified by size, vesicle morphology, and synaptic site structure these conformed to the S , F, T, M and Cterminals defining somatic motoneurons. No terminals characteristic of autonomic motoneurons were found. In MND subjects, neurons in Onuf's nucleus at S2 were preserved despite a paucity of neurons in medial and lateral motor nuclei and were of similar size range to those in control subjects. The morphological classes of pre-synaptic terminal found in controls, also characterized sphincteric motoneurons in MND subjects, including the C-type terminal. The presence of C-terminals indicates (i) that sphincteric motoneurons are somatic alphamotoneurons, and (ii) that hypotheses explaining the survival of sphincteric motoneurons in MND on the basis of Onuf's nucleus being an extension of the pre-ganglionic parasympathetic nucleus, or having intrinsic autonomic properties are incorrect.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47198405" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="37fdd60f97436bc3f4371528518528b7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66418604,"asset_id":47198405,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66418604/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32461255" href="https://qmul.academia.edu/MichaelSwash">Michael Swash</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32461255" type="text/json">{"id":32461255,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Swash","domain_name":"qmul","page_name":"MichaelSwash","display_name":"Michael Swash","profile_url":"https://qmul.academia.edu/MichaelSwash?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47198405 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47198405"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47198405, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47198405", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47198405]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47198405").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47198405").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47198405"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy">Electron Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2184" type="text/json">{"id":2184,"name":"Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11271" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motor_neuron">Motor neuron</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11271" type="text/json">{"id":11271,"name":"Motor neuron","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motor_neuron?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47198405]'), work: {"id":47198405,"title":"Ultra structure of pre-synaptic input to motor neurons in Onuf's nucleus: controls and motor neuron disease","created_at":"2021-04-21T05:51:48.354-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47198405/Ultra_structure_of_pre_synaptic_input_to_motor_neurons_in_Onufs_nucleus_controls_and_motor_neuron_disease?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_47198405","summary":"Ultrastructural analyses of sphincteric motoneurons in Onuf's nucleus at S2 were undertaken in human spinal cord obtained 3-6 h post-mortem from three subjects with no neurological disease ('controls') and five in which death was due to motor neuron disease (MND). Neurons in specified locations within Onuf's nucleus of control subjects ranged between 17.8 and 71.7 pm diameter (mean 38.6 pm). Analyses of synaptology revealed five ultrastructural classes of presynaptic terminal synapsing with the neuronal surface membrane. When classified by size, vesicle morphology, and synaptic site structure these conformed to the S , F, T, M and Cterminals defining somatic motoneurons. No terminals characteristic of autonomic motoneurons were found. In MND subjects, neurons in Onuf's nucleus at S2 were preserved despite a paucity of neurons in medial and lateral motor nuclei and were of similar size range to those in control subjects. The morphological classes of pre-synaptic terminal found in controls, also characterized sphincteric motoneurons in MND subjects, including the C-type terminal. The presence of C-terminals indicates (i) that sphincteric motoneurons are somatic alphamotoneurons, and (ii) that hypotheses explaining the survival of sphincteric motoneurons in MND on the basis of Onuf's nucleus being an extension of the pre-ganglionic parasympathetic nucleus, or having intrinsic autonomic properties are incorrect.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66418604,"asset_id":47198405,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32461255,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Swash","domain_name":"qmul","page_name":"MichaelSwash","display_name":"Michael Swash","profile_url":"https://qmul.academia.edu/MichaelSwash?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":2184,"name":"Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":11271,"name":"Motor neuron","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motor_neuron?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=165"},{"id":99421,"name":"Spinal Cord","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord?f_ri=165"},{"id":123472,"name":"Exploration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exploration?f_ri=165"},{"id":212476,"name":"Ultrastructure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrastructure?f_ri=165"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=165"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=165"},{"id":418263,"name":"SYNAPSES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SYNAPSES?f_ri=165"},{"id":1182947,"name":"Axons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Axons?f_ri=165"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=165"},{"id":2552788,"name":"Motor Neurons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motor_Neurons?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43090373 coauthored" data-work_id="43090373" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/43090373/Renal_cell_carcinoma_with_IVC_tumour_thrombus_A_study_of_clinico_pathological_outcomes_NC_ND_license_https_creativecommons_org_licenses_by_4_0">Renal cell carcinoma with IVC tumour thrombus: A study of clinico-pathological outcomes-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective: To evaluate the experience of RCC with IVC thrombus in terms of impact of clinical and pathological factors, level of thrombus and complications on outcome of the disease. Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients underwent... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43090373" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective: To evaluate the experience of RCC with IVC thrombus in terms of impact of clinical and pathological factors, level of thrombus and complications on outcome of the disease. Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients underwent radical nephrectomy and IVC tumour thrombectomy during 2012 to 2015 at our tertiary health care centre, clinico-pathological data from these patients were retrospectively analysed. Results and Discussion: Of the 17 patients (male: female: 3:1), the mean age was 57 years. The tumour thrombus extension was level I in 58%, level II in 29%, level III in 11%. In our series, the mean blood loss in levels I-III tumour thrombus were1863 mL, 3380 mL, 3250 ml respectively. Clavien dindo complications were-grade I in 1 case, grade II in 7 cases, grade III in 2 cases, grade IV in 3 cases. Pathological examination demonstrated that 13 out of 17 patients had clear cell carcinoma, five patients had higher grade(3, 4)and three had perinephric and IVC wall invasion. There was no perioperative hospital mortality. Two patients were lost to followup, one patient died due to extensive metastatic disease after 4 year, all other are under regular followup. Conclusion: Radical nephrectomy with IVC thrombectomy remains a challenging procedure. Multiple histopathological variables especially tumour stage and grade have a strong impact on the morbidity and mortality and also help in stratifying the subgroup in which adjuvant therapy is essential. With detailed perioperative planning and multidisciplinary efforts, surgical resection is the definitive treatment of choice for patients of RCC with IVC tumour thrombus.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43090373" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0aaef7c07b0e8448a007fd45069ed884" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63343870,"asset_id":43090373,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63343870/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27377481" href="https://innovativepublication.academia.edu/IP">IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27377481" type="text/json">{"id":27377481,"first_name":"IP Innovative","last_name":"Publication Pvt. Ltd.","domain_name":"innovativepublication","page_name":"IP","display_name":"IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd.","profile_url":"https://innovativepublication.academia.edu/IP?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27377481/8351640/25499110/s65_ip_innovative.publication_pvt._ltd..png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-43090373">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-43090373"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://saurashtrauinversity.academia.edu/amitmishra">amit mishra</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-43090373'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-43090373').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43090373 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43090373"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43090373, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43090373", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43090373 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43090373; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43090373"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43090373 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43090373"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43090373; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43090373]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43090373").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43090373").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43090373"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43090373]'), work: {"id":43090373,"title":"Renal cell carcinoma with IVC tumour thrombus: A study of clinico-pathological outcomes-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0","created_at":"2020-05-17T21:27:46.123-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43090373/Renal_cell_carcinoma_with_IVC_tumour_thrombus_A_study_of_clinico_pathological_outcomes_NC_ND_license_https_creativecommons_org_licenses_by_4_0?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_43090373","summary":"Objective: To evaluate the experience of RCC with IVC thrombus in terms of impact of clinical and pathological factors, level of thrombus and complications on outcome of the disease. Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients underwent radical nephrectomy and IVC tumour thrombectomy during 2012 to 2015 at our tertiary health care centre, clinico-pathological data from these patients were retrospectively analysed. Results and Discussion: Of the 17 patients (male: female: 3:1), the mean age was 57 years. The tumour thrombus extension was level I in 58%, level II in 29%, level III in 11%. In our series, the mean blood loss in levels I-III tumour thrombus were1863 mL, 3380 mL, 3250 ml respectively. Clavien dindo complications were-grade I in 1 case, grade II in 7 cases, grade III in 2 cases, grade IV in 3 cases. Pathological examination demonstrated that 13 out of 17 patients had clear cell carcinoma, five patients had higher grade(3, 4)and three had perinephric and IVC wall invasion. There was no perioperative hospital mortality. Two patients were lost to followup, one patient died due to extensive metastatic disease after 4 year, all other are under regular followup. Conclusion: Radical nephrectomy with IVC thrombectomy remains a challenging procedure. Multiple histopathological variables especially tumour stage and grade have a strong impact on the morbidity and mortality and also help in stratifying the subgroup in which adjuvant therapy is essential. With detailed perioperative planning and multidisciplinary efforts, surgical resection is the definitive treatment of choice for patients of RCC with IVC tumour thrombus.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63343870,"asset_id":43090373,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27377481,"first_name":"IP Innovative","last_name":"Publication Pvt. Ltd.","domain_name":"innovativepublication","page_name":"IP","display_name":"IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd.","profile_url":"https://innovativepublication.academia.edu/IP?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27377481/8351640/25499110/s65_ip_innovative.publication_pvt._ltd..png"},{"id":24807263,"first_name":"amit","last_name":"mishra","domain_name":"saurashtrauinversity","page_name":"amitmishra","display_name":"amit mishra","profile_url":"https://saurashtrauinversity.academia.edu/amitmishra?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24807263/98938853/88064705/s65_amit.mishra.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31565308" data-work_id="31565308" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31565308/Effects_of_pregnancy_associated_Listeria_monocytogenes_infection_Necrotizing_hepatitis_due_to_impaired_maternal_immune_response_and_significantly_increased_abortion_rate">Effects of pregnancy-associated Listeria monocytogenes infection : Necrotizing hepatitis due to impaired maternal immune response and significantly increased abortion rate</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The impact of L. monocytogenes infection on maternal immune responses as well as on the outcome of pregnancy was studied in a murine model of pregnancyassociated listeriosis. Mice infected i.v. with L. monocytogenes at day 15 of pregnancy... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31565308" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The impact of L. monocytogenes infection on maternal immune responses as well as on the outcome of pregnancy was studied in a murine model of pregnancyassociated listeriosis. Mice infected i.v. with L. monocytogenes at day 15 of pregnancy showed a significantly impaired bacterial elimination, which resulted in a severe necrotizing hemorrhagic hepatitis. The aggravated course of the infection could be attributed to a suppressed transcription and production of anti-listerial, proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, namely interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-12p40, inducible nitric oxide synthase, murine monokine induced by interferon-γ, and interferon-γ-inducible protein-10. In addition, listeriosis significantly increased the abortion rate. Infection of the placenta and fetuses was characterized by placental and fetal necrosis with unrestricted bacterial multiplication. A weak transcription of anti-listerial cytokines in the placenta in the absence of a cellular immune response could not prevent the fatal outcome of pregnancy-associated listeriosis.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31565308" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8346f9eecfd8969bcda06fd158efcf2f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51901386,"asset_id":31565308,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51901386/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51372970" href="https://medri.academia.edu/MajaAbram">Maja Abram</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51372970" type="text/json">{"id":51372970,"first_name":"Maja","last_name":"Abram","domain_name":"medri","page_name":"MajaAbram","display_name":"Maja Abram","profile_url":"https://medri.academia.edu/MajaAbram?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31565308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31565308"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31565308, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31565308", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31565308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31565308; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31565308"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31565308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31565308"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31565308; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31565308]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31565308").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31565308").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31565308"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2513" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology">Molecular Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2513" type="text/json">{"id":2513,"name":"Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2702" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response">Immune response</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2702" type="text/json">{"id":2702,"name":"Immune response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31565308]'), work: {"id":31565308,"title":"Effects of pregnancy-associated Listeria monocytogenes infection : Necrotizing hepatitis due to impaired maternal immune response and significantly increased abortion rate","created_at":"2017-02-22T10:18:17.969-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31565308/Effects_of_pregnancy_associated_Listeria_monocytogenes_infection_Necrotizing_hepatitis_due_to_impaired_maternal_immune_response_and_significantly_increased_abortion_rate?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_31565308","summary":"The impact of L. monocytogenes infection on maternal immune responses as well as on the outcome of pregnancy was studied in a murine model of pregnancyassociated listeriosis. Mice infected i.v. with L. monocytogenes at day 15 of pregnancy showed a significantly impaired bacterial elimination, which resulted in a severe necrotizing hemorrhagic hepatitis. The aggravated course of the infection could be attributed to a suppressed transcription and production of anti-listerial, proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, namely interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-12p40, inducible nitric oxide synthase, murine monokine induced by interferon-γ, and interferon-γ-inducible protein-10. In addition, listeriosis significantly increased the abortion rate. Infection of the placenta and fetuses was characterized by placental and fetal necrosis with unrestricted bacterial multiplication. A weak transcription of anti-listerial cytokines in the placenta in the absence of a cellular immune response could not prevent the fatal outcome of pregnancy-associated listeriosis.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51901386,"asset_id":31565308,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51372970,"first_name":"Maja","last_name":"Abram","domain_name":"medri","page_name":"MajaAbram","display_name":"Maja Abram","profile_url":"https://medri.academia.edu/MajaAbram?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":2513,"name":"Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":2702,"name":"Immune response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=165"},{"id":76061,"name":"Placenta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Placenta?f_ri=165"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=165"},{"id":104178,"name":"Listeria monocytogenes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Listeria_monocytogenes?f_ri=165"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=165"},{"id":295234,"name":"Chemokine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemokine?f_ri=165"},{"id":377395,"name":"Foetus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foetus?f_ri=165"},{"id":385972,"name":"Immunocompromised host","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunocompromised_host?f_ri=165"},{"id":448603,"name":"Necrosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Necrosis?f_ri=165"},{"id":474029,"name":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tumor_necrosis_factor-alpha?f_ri=165"},{"id":521946,"name":"Listeriosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Listeriosis?f_ri=165"},{"id":770944,"name":"Fetus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fetus?f_ri=165"},{"id":903003,"name":"Chemokines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemokines?f_ri=165"},{"id":951639,"name":"Murine Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Murine_Model?f_ri=165"},{"id":987472,"name":"Gestation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gestation?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27553203 coauthored" data-work_id="27553203" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27553203/Measurement_and_mapping_of_pH_in_hydrating_pharmaceutical_pellets_using_confocal_laser_scanning_microscopy">Measurement and mapping of pH in hydrating pharmaceutical pellets using confocal laser scanning microscopy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">pH modifiers are often used to promote drug solubility/ stability in dosage forms, but predicting the extent and duration of internal pH modification is difficult. Here, a noninvasive technique is developed for the spatial and temporal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27553203" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">pH modifiers are often used to promote drug solubility/ stability in dosage forms, but predicting the extent and duration of internal pH modification is difficult. Here, a noninvasive technique is developed for the spatial and temporal mapping of pH in a hydrated pharmaceutical pellet, within a pH range appropriate for microenvironmental pH control by weak acids. Confocal dual excitation imaging (Ex 488/Ex 568) of pellets containing a single, soluble, pH-sensitive fluorophore with cross-validation from a pH microelectrode. The technique was used to investigate the changing pH distribution in hydrating pellets containing two weak acids of differing solubility. The algorithm developed provided pH measurements over the range pH 3.5-5.5 with a typical accuracy of 0.1 pH units and with excellent correlation with pH microelectrode measurements. The method showed how pellets containing 25%w/w tartaric acid exhibited a rapid but transient fall in internal pH, in contrast to a slower more pr...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27553203" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="efe98e89f3f42fbc5a908895b13d1efd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47807139,"asset_id":27553203,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47807139/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51720756" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StephenHibberd">Stephen Hibberd</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51720756" type="text/json">{"id":51720756,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Hibberd","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StephenHibberd","display_name":"Stephen Hibberd","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StephenHibberd?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-27553203">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-27553203"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://mpa.academia.edu/JoanneWhetstone">Joanne Whetstone</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-27553203'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-27553203').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27553203 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27553203"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27553203, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27553203", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27553203 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27553203; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27553203"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27553203 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27553203"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27553203; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27553203]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27553203").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27553203").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27553203"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy">Electron Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2184" type="text/json">{"id":2184,"name":"Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7698" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence">Fluorescence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7698" type="text/json">{"id":7698,"name":"Fluorescence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7968" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction">Prediction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7968" type="text/json">{"id":7968,"name":"Prediction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27553203]'), work: {"id":27553203,"title":"Measurement and mapping of pH in hydrating pharmaceutical pellets using confocal laser scanning microscopy","created_at":"2016-08-05T00:18:49.045-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27553203/Measurement_and_mapping_of_pH_in_hydrating_pharmaceutical_pellets_using_confocal_laser_scanning_microscopy?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_27553203","summary":"pH modifiers are often used to promote drug solubility/ stability in dosage forms, but predicting the extent and duration of internal pH modification is difficult. Here, a noninvasive technique is developed for the spatial and temporal mapping of pH in a hydrated pharmaceutical pellet, within a pH range appropriate for microenvironmental pH control by weak acids. Confocal dual excitation imaging (Ex 488/Ex 568) of pellets containing a single, soluble, pH-sensitive fluorophore with cross-validation from a pH microelectrode. The technique was used to investigate the changing pH distribution in hydrating pellets containing two weak acids of differing solubility. The algorithm developed provided pH measurements over the range pH 3.5-5.5 with a typical accuracy of 0.1 pH units and with excellent correlation with pH microelectrode measurements. The method showed how pellets containing 25%w/w tartaric acid exhibited a rapid but transient fall in internal pH, in contrast to a slower more pr...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47807139,"asset_id":27553203,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51720756,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Hibberd","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StephenHibberd","display_name":"Stephen Hibberd","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StephenHibberd?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":51729752,"first_name":"Joanne","last_name":"Whetstone","domain_name":"mpa","page_name":"JoanneWhetstone","display_name":"Joanne Whetstone","profile_url":"https://mpa.academia.edu/JoanneWhetstone?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":2184,"name":"Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":7698,"name":"Fluorescence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluorescence?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":7968,"name":"Prediction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":18533,"name":"Confocal Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confocal_Microscopy?f_ri=165"},{"id":37959,"name":"Cellulose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cellulose?f_ri=165"},{"id":41747,"name":"Dosage Form","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dosage_Form?f_ri=165"},{"id":84278,"name":"Ph","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ph?f_ri=165"},{"id":94514,"name":"Pellet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pellet?f_ri=165"},{"id":95655,"name":"Pharmaceutical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical?f_ri=165"},{"id":113460,"name":"Laser Scanning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laser_Scanning?f_ri=165"},{"id":291387,"name":"Mathematical Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Model?f_ri=165"},{"id":548191,"name":"Microelectrode","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microelectrode?f_ri=165"},{"id":549122,"name":"Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confocal_Laser_Scanning_Microscopy?f_ri=165"},{"id":1137254,"name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen-Ion_Concentration?f_ri=165"},{"id":2251042,"name":"pH control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/pH_control?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21962835" data-work_id="21962835" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21962835/Spinal_nerve_sheath_myxoma_neurothekeoma_">Spinal nerve sheath myxoma (neurothekeoma)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Nerve sheath myxoma (NSM) is a rare, benign tumor of predominantly cutaneous location. They usually arise from small cutaneous nerves in the head, neck, and extremities, but exceptionally they arise from spinal nerve roots. Only three... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21962835" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Nerve sheath myxoma (NSM) is a rare, benign tumor of predominantly cutaneous location. They usually arise from small cutaneous nerves in the head, neck, and extremities, but exceptionally they arise from spinal nerve roots. Only three cases of intraspinal NSM have been reported. Herein is describe two additional cases of spinal NSM. The patients were 64-year-old and 31-year-old men who presented with low back pain. Spine magnetic resonance imaging showed small intradural extramedullary masses at the L2-3 level. Both tumors had typical histological features of myxoidtype NSM. The tumors had a strong immunoreactivity for vimentin, S-100 protein, and neuron-specific enolase and focal expression of epithelial membrane antigen and phosphorylated neurofilament. Ultrastructural observation of tumor cells with perineurial, fibroblast-like, and Schwanncell differentiation suggests an origin from nerve sheath precursor cells.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21962835" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c317ca0c2aa9c1b26ee7b8fcc942bd6a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42679754,"asset_id":21962835,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42679754/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43214088" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HanJoungho">Joungho Han</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43214088" type="text/json">{"id":43214088,"first_name":"Joungho","last_name":"Han","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HanJoungho","display_name":"Joungho Han","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HanJoungho?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21962835 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21962835"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21962835, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21962835", }); 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They usually arise from small cutaneous nerves in the head, neck, and extremities, but exceptionally they arise from spinal nerve roots. Only three cases of intraspinal NSM have been reported. Herein is describe two additional cases of spinal NSM. The patients were 64-year-old and 31-year-old men who presented with low back pain. Spine magnetic resonance imaging showed small intradural extramedullary masses at the L2-3 level. Both tumors had typical histological features of myxoidtype NSM. The tumors had a strong immunoreactivity for vimentin, S-100 protein, and neuron-specific enolase and focal expression of epithelial membrane antigen and phosphorylated neurofilament. Ultrastructural observation of tumor cells with perineurial, fibroblast-like, and Schwanncell differentiation suggests an origin from nerve sheath precursor cells.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42679754,"asset_id":21962835,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43214088,"first_name":"Joungho","last_name":"Han","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HanJoungho","display_name":"Joungho Han","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HanJoungho?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":14076,"name":"Transmission Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmission_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":162159,"name":"Differential Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_Diagnosis?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=165"},{"id":1159931,"name":"Spinal Nerves","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Nerves?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33812039" data-work_id="33812039" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33812039/Histopathological_Profile_of_Solid_Tumours_of_Childhood_and_Infancy_in_Northwest_Punjab_India">Histopathological Profile of Solid Tumours of Childhood and Infancy in Northwest Punjab, India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Malignancy is a major cause of childhood death in developed world and in developing countries like India, paediatric tumours are on the rise. Appropriate management of paediatric tumours requires epidemiological data in different... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33812039" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Malignancy is a major cause of childhood death in developed world and in developing countries like India, paediatric tumours are on the rise. Appropriate management of paediatric tumours requires epidemiological data in different geographical areas. Present study was conducted to classify and find out the histopathological profile of solid tumours of childhood and infancy in 15 years from January 1999 to December 2013. In our study of 168 paediatric tumours, 108 (64.29%) were benign, and 60 (35.71%) were malignant. Maximum incidence of paediatric tumours was seen in the age group of 11-14 years (41.67%) and least in the age group of <1 year (10.71%), with male to female ratio of 1. Amongst the benign tumours, soft tissue tumours were most common (56.48%), with highest incidence of vascular tumours (57.36%). Amongst the malignant tumours, most common were Lymphomas (36.67%) and amongst lymphomas, Hodgkin's lymphomas were more common (63.64%) than non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (36.36%).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33812039" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c222258fe58d94aa0c819974aee5868b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53797406,"asset_id":33812039,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53797406/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27377481" href="https://innovativepublication.academia.edu/IP">IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27377481" type="text/json">{"id":27377481,"first_name":"IP Innovative","last_name":"Publication Pvt. Ltd.","domain_name":"innovativepublication","page_name":"IP","display_name":"IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd.","profile_url":"https://innovativepublication.academia.edu/IP?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27377481/8351640/25499110/s65_ip_innovative.publication_pvt._ltd..png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33812039 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33812039"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33812039, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33812039", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33812039 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33812039; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33812039"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33812039 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33812039"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33812039; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33812039]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33812039").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33812039").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33812039"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="626" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncology">Oncology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="626" type="text/json">{"id":626,"name":"Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1286311" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncology_and_Molecular_Pathology">Oncology and Molecular Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1286311" type="text/json">{"id":1286311,"name":"Oncology and Molecular Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncology_and_Molecular_Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2182305" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Journal_of_Pathology_and_Oncology">Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2182305" type="text/json">{"id":2182305,"name":"Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Journal_of_Pathology_and_Oncology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33812039]'), work: {"id":33812039,"title":"Histopathological Profile of Solid Tumours of Childhood and Infancy in Northwest Punjab, India","created_at":"2017-07-08T04:02:43.611-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33812039/Histopathological_Profile_of_Solid_Tumours_of_Childhood_and_Infancy_in_Northwest_Punjab_India?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_33812039","summary":"Malignancy is a major cause of childhood death in developed world and in developing countries like India, paediatric tumours are on the rise. Appropriate management of paediatric tumours requires epidemiological data in different geographical areas. Present study was conducted to classify and find out the histopathological profile of solid tumours of childhood and infancy in 15 years from January 1999 to December 2013. In our study of 168 paediatric tumours, 108 (64.29%) were benign, and 60 (35.71%) were malignant. Maximum incidence of paediatric tumours was seen in the age group of 11-14 years (41.67%) and least in the age group of \u003c1 year (10.71%), with male to female ratio of 1. Amongst the benign tumours, soft tissue tumours were most common (56.48%), with highest incidence of vascular tumours (57.36%). Amongst the malignant tumours, most common were Lymphomas (36.67%) and amongst lymphomas, Hodgkin's lymphomas were more common (63.64%) than non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (36.36%).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53797406,"asset_id":33812039,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27377481,"first_name":"IP Innovative","last_name":"Publication Pvt. Ltd.","domain_name":"innovativepublication","page_name":"IP","display_name":"IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd.","profile_url":"https://innovativepublication.academia.edu/IP?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27377481/8351640/25499110/s65_ip_innovative.publication_pvt._ltd..png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":626,"name":"Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":1286311,"name":"Oncology and Molecular Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncology_and_Molecular_Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":2182305,"name":"Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Journal_of_Pathology_and_Oncology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65474656" data-work_id="65474656" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65474656/Vacuum_based_preservation_of_surgical_specimens_An_environmentally_safe_step_towards_a_formalin_free_hospital">Vacuum-based preservation of surgical specimens: An environmentally-safe step towards a formalin-free hospital</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Formalin as a fixative has no practical substitutes, but is toxic and potentially carcinogenic, so caution of its use in hospitals and elsewhere is mandatory. In our hospital, preservation of surgical specimens into formalin to be... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65474656" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Formalin as a fixative has no practical substitutes, but is toxic and potentially carcinogenic, so caution of its use in hospitals and elsewhere is mandatory. In our hospital, preservation of surgical specimens into formalin to be transferred to pathology labs was replaced by under-vacuum sealing (UVS) tissues into plastic bags and preservation at 4°C until transfer. Data analysis showed UVS processing to be superior in terms of staff satisfaction and of gross anatomic preservation; no problems in terms of technical feasibility or histopathologic preservation were encountered. Formalin was confined to pathology labs while its use on hospital premises was vastly reduced.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65474656" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ceb1ecfd1620640c8f3c99e05055e709" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77054994,"asset_id":65474656,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77054994/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12240354" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GianniBussolati">Gianni Bussolati</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12240354" type="text/json">{"id":12240354,"first_name":"Gianni","last_name":"Bussolati","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GianniBussolati","display_name":"Gianni Bussolati","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GianniBussolati?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65474656 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65474656"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65474656, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65474656", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65474656]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_65474656").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_65474656").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="65474656"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="647" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery">Surgery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="647" type="text/json">{"id":647,"name":"Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4205" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Analysis">Data Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4205" type="text/json">{"id":4205,"name":"Data Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Analysis?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=65474656]'), work: {"id":65474656,"title":"Vacuum-based preservation of surgical specimens: An environmentally-safe step towards a formalin-free hospital","created_at":"2021-12-22T03:45:01.132-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/65474656/Vacuum_based_preservation_of_surgical_specimens_An_environmentally_safe_step_towards_a_formalin_free_hospital?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_65474656","summary":"Formalin as a fixative has no practical substitutes, but is toxic and potentially carcinogenic, so caution of its use in hospitals and elsewhere is mandatory. In our hospital, preservation of surgical specimens into formalin to be transferred to pathology labs was replaced by under-vacuum sealing (UVS) tissues into plastic bags and preservation at 4°C until transfer. Data analysis showed UVS processing to be superior in terms of staff satisfaction and of gross anatomic preservation; no problems in terms of technical feasibility or histopathologic preservation were encountered. Formalin was confined to pathology labs while its use on hospital premises was vastly reduced.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77054994,"asset_id":65474656,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12240354,"first_name":"Gianni","last_name":"Bussolati","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GianniBussolati","display_name":"Gianni Bussolati","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GianniBussolati?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":647,"name":"Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":4205,"name":"Data Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Analysis?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=165"},{"id":37772,"name":"Hospitals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitals?f_ri=165"},{"id":60194,"name":"Transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transport?f_ri=165"},{"id":112334,"name":"Methanol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methanol?f_ri=165"},{"id":121939,"name":"Technique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technique?f_ri=165"},{"id":160877,"name":"Vacuum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vacuum?f_ri=165"},{"id":223715,"name":"Sample","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sample?f_ri=165"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=165"},{"id":474134,"name":"Conditioning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conditioning?f_ri=165"},{"id":819116,"name":"Formaldehyde","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formaldehyde?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60711240" data-work_id="60711240" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60711240/Excimer_Laser_Radial_Keratotomy">Excimer Laser Radial Keratotomy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The central corneal flattening obtained by radial diamond knife incisions has been duplicted by radial laser incisions in 18 enucleated human eyes. The incisions, made by 193 nm far-ultraviolet light radiation emitted by the excimer... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_60711240" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The central corneal flattening obtained by radial diamond knife incisions has been duplicted by radial laser incisions in 18 enucleated human eyes. The incisions, made by 193 nm far-ultraviolet light radiation emitted by the excimer laser, produced corneal flattening ranging from 0.12 to 5.35 diopters. Both the depth of the corneal incisions and the degree of central corneal flattening correlated with the laser energy applied. Histopathology revealed the remarkably smooth edges of the laser incisions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60711240" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d588a375511bce5b1ec98a04341e23dc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74031850,"asset_id":60711240,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74031850/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39422474" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StephenTrokel">Stephen Trokel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39422474" type="text/json">{"id":39422474,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Trokel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StephenTrokel","display_name":"Stephen Trokel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StephenTrokel?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60711240 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60711240"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60711240, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60711240", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_60711240 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60711240; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_60711240"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_60711240 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="60711240"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60711240; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60711240]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_60711240").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_60711240").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="60711240"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="627" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ophthalmology">Ophthalmology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="627" type="text/json">{"id":627,"name":"Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ophthalmology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="647" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery">Surgery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="647" type="text/json">{"id":647,"name":"Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11284" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Myopia">Myopia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11284" type="text/json">{"id":11284,"name":"Myopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Myopia?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=60711240]'), work: {"id":60711240,"title":"Excimer Laser Radial Keratotomy","created_at":"2021-11-01T08:05:34.589-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/60711240/Excimer_Laser_Radial_Keratotomy?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_60711240","summary":"The central corneal flattening obtained by radial diamond knife incisions has been duplicted by radial laser incisions in 18 enucleated human eyes. The incisions, made by 193 nm far-ultraviolet light radiation emitted by the excimer laser, produced corneal flattening ranging from 0.12 to 5.35 diopters. Both the depth of the corneal incisions and the degree of central corneal flattening correlated with the laser energy applied. Histopathology revealed the remarkably smooth edges of the laser incisions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74031850,"asset_id":60711240,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39422474,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Trokel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StephenTrokel","display_name":"Stephen Trokel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StephenTrokel?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":627,"name":"Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ophthalmology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":647,"name":"Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":11284,"name":"Myopia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Myopia?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":17721,"name":"Cornea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cornea?f_ri=165"},{"id":54344,"name":"Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methods?f_ri=165"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=165"},{"id":247948,"name":"Cadaver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cadaver?f_ri=165"},{"id":359001,"name":"Optometry and Ophthalmology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optometry_and_Ophthalmology?f_ri=165"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=165"},{"id":591484,"name":"Laser Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laser_Therapy?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_58123326" data-work_id="58123326" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58123326/How_will_the_Carter_reports_reform_pathology">How will the Carter reports reform pathology?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">P athology, or laboratory medicine as we prefer to call it, represents approximately 4% of the overall NHS budget, provides information for up to 70% of clinical decisions and is highly regarded by hospital clinicians (Heathcare... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_58123326" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">P athology, or laboratory medicine as we prefer to call it, represents approximately 4% of the overall NHS budget, provides information for up to 70% of clinical decisions and is highly regarded by hospital clinicians (Heathcare Commission, 2007). Yet despite this, laboratory medicine is not regarded as a clinical service but a cost pressure and has been subjected to a number of reviews over recent years by the Audit Commission and now the Department of Health through Lord Carter of Coles with an aim of improving efficiency.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/58123326" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4f62283e949666823791185542a89978" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72688192,"asset_id":58123326,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72688192/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="105308063" href="https://leeds.academia.edu/barth">julian barth</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="105308063" type="text/json">{"id":105308063,"first_name":"julian","last_name":"barth","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"barth","display_name":"julian barth","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/barth?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_58123326 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="58123326"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 58123326, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_58123326", }); 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Yet despite this, laboratory medicine is not regarded as a clinical service but a cost pressure and has been subjected to a number of reviews over recent years by the Audit Commission and now the Department of Health through Lord Carter of Coles with an aim of improving efficiency.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72688192,"asset_id":58123326,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":105308063,"first_name":"julian","last_name":"barth","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"barth","display_name":"julian barth","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/barth?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":58626,"name":"Health Care reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Care_reform?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":291274,"name":"Great Britain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Britain?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_56248938" data-work_id="56248938" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56248938/Ultrastructure_of_Goussia_cruciata_Apicomplexa_Coccidia_infecting_the_liver_of_horse_mackerel_Trachurus_trachurus_L_from_Ibero_Atlantic_waters">Ultrastructure of Goussia cruciata (Apicomplexa: Coccidia) infecting the liver of horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus (L.), from Ibero-Atlantic waters</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The ultrastructure of developmental stages of Goussia cruciata and the pathology they cause in the liver of Trachurus trachurus (Teleostei: Carangidae) caught off the Galician (North-West Spain) and Portuguese North Atlantic coasts are... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_56248938" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The ultrastructure of developmental stages of Goussia cruciata and the pathology they cause in the liver of Trachurus trachurus (Teleostei: Carangidae) caught off the Galician (North-West Spain) and Portuguese North Atlantic coasts are described. Each oocyst contained four ellipsoidal sporocysts, with two sporozoites. The sporocyst wall consisted of a thick and dense inner layer with transverse striations and a multi-lamellated outer layer formed by parallel dense internal bands alternating with lighter areas. The lamellae formed filamentous extensions of the wall. The sporocyst wall striation period was smaller than that observed in G. clupearum, which has a similar habitat. The dehiscence suture, characteristic of the genus, was present in the sporocysts of G. cruciata. The sporocysts were arranged in a symmetrical and characteristic cross shape. A large number of sporocysts with sporozoites were observed in direct contact with host liver cells. No macroscopic lesions were observed. In heavily infected fish, aggregations of oocysts were often enveloped in a 'yellow body' composed of amylopectin granules derived from the parasite and necrotic or aggregated host cells. Degenerating parasites were frequently observed in liver tissue. Host inflammatory cells were accumulated near some oocysts. The ultrastructure of the parasite, together with its strict host specificity, confirmed G. cruciata as a separate and valid species.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/56248938" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7f54da1fb0d2cb508169f7ed28f6361a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71727635,"asset_id":56248938,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71727635/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37776567" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CaminoGestal">Camino Gestal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37776567" type="text/json">{"id":37776567,"first_name":"Camino","last_name":"Gestal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CaminoGestal","display_name":"Camino Gestal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CaminoGestal?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37776567/49111424/37081469/s65_camino.gestal.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_56248938 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="56248938"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 56248938, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_56248938", }); 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Each oocyst contained four ellipsoidal sporocysts, with two sporozoites. The sporocyst wall consisted of a thick and dense inner layer with transverse striations and a multi-lamellated outer layer formed by parallel dense internal bands alternating with lighter areas. The lamellae formed filamentous extensions of the wall. The sporocyst wall striation period was smaller than that observed in G. clupearum, which has a similar habitat. The dehiscence suture, characteristic of the genus, was present in the sporocysts of G. cruciata. The sporocysts were arranged in a symmetrical and characteristic cross shape. A large number of sporocysts with sporozoites were observed in direct contact with host liver cells. No macroscopic lesions were observed. In heavily infected fish, aggregations of oocysts were often enveloped in a 'yellow body' composed of amylopectin granules derived from the parasite and necrotic or aggregated host cells. Degenerating parasites were frequently observed in liver tissue. Host inflammatory cells were accumulated near some oocysts. The ultrastructure of the parasite, together with its strict host specificity, confirmed G. cruciata as a separate and valid species.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71727635,"asset_id":56248938,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37776567,"first_name":"Camino","last_name":"Gestal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CaminoGestal","display_name":"Camino Gestal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CaminoGestal?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37776567/49111424/37081469/s65_camino.gestal.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":13919,"name":"Fish Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fish_Diseases?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":14076,"name":"Transmission Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmission_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":71437,"name":"Liver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver?f_ri=165"},{"id":93497,"name":"Atlantic Ocean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_Ocean?f_ri=165"},{"id":170652,"name":"Fisheries Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fisheries_Sciences?f_ri=165"},{"id":212476,"name":"Ultrastructure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrastructure?f_ri=165"},{"id":371369,"name":"Perciformes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perciformes?f_ri=165"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=165"},{"id":784076,"name":"Species Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Specificity?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28657328 coauthored" data-work_id="28657328" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28657328/Occurrence_of_Cataract_and_Fatty_Liver_in_Captive_Plains_Viscachas_Lagostomus_maximus_in_Relation_to_Diet">Occurrence of Cataract and Fatty Liver in Captive Plains Viscachas (Lagostomus maximus) in Relation to Diet</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Wenker, C J; Hatt, J M (2009). Occurrence of cataract and fatty liver in captive plains viscachas (Lagostomus maximus) in relation to diet. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 40(4):652-658.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28657328" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="46752863fc3c88162ede4539bb0e30d2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49033134,"asset_id":28657328,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49033134/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54129075" href="https://lmu-munich.academia.edu/DorotheaBesselmann">Dorothea Besselmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54129075" type="text/json">{"id":54129075,"first_name":"Dorothea","last_name":"Besselmann","domain_name":"lmu-munich","page_name":"DorotheaBesselmann","display_name":"Dorothea Besselmann","profile_url":"https://lmu-munich.academia.edu/DorotheaBesselmann?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-28657328">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-28657328"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeanMichelHatt">Jean-Michel Hatt</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-28657328'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-28657328').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28657328 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28657328"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28657328; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28657328]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28657328").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28657328").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28657328"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8910" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation">Evaluation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8910" type="text/json">{"id":8910,"name":"Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9478" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet">Diet</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9478" type="text/json">{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28657328]'), work: {"id":28657328,"title":"Occurrence of Cataract and Fatty Liver in Captive Plains Viscachas (Lagostomus maximus) in Relation to Diet","created_at":"2016-09-22T03:32:50.858-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28657328/Occurrence_of_Cataract_and_Fatty_Liver_in_Captive_Plains_Viscachas_Lagostomus_maximus_in_Relation_to_Diet?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_28657328","summary":"Wenker, C J; Hatt, J M (2009). Occurrence of cataract and fatty liver in captive plains viscachas (Lagostomus maximus) in relation to diet. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 40(4):652-658.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49033134,"asset_id":28657328,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":54129075,"first_name":"Dorothea","last_name":"Besselmann","domain_name":"lmu-munich","page_name":"DorotheaBesselmann","display_name":"Dorothea Besselmann","profile_url":"https://lmu-munich.academia.edu/DorotheaBesselmann?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":53815350,"first_name":"Jean-Michel","last_name":"Hatt","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeanMichelHatt","display_name":"Jean-Michel Hatt","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JeanMichelHatt?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":8910,"name":"Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":35390,"name":"Rodentia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rodentia?f_ri=165"},{"id":37881,"name":"Animal Husbandry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Husbandry?f_ri=165"},{"id":94111,"name":"Animal Feed","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Feed?f_ri=165"},{"id":144034,"name":"Cataract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cataract?f_ri=165"},{"id":174502,"name":"Incidence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incidence?f_ri=165"},{"id":295465,"name":"Fatty Liver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fatty_Liver?f_ri=165"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27457019" data-work_id="27457019" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27457019/Effects_of_Kynurenine_Pathway_Inhibition_on_NAD_Metabolism_and_Cell_Viability_in_Human_Primary_Astrocytes_and_Neurons">Effects of Kynurenine Pathway Inhibition on NAD+ Metabolism and Cell Viability in Human Primary Astrocytes and Neurons</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The kynurenine pathway (KP) is the principle route of L-Tryptophan (TRP) metabolism, producing several neurotoxic and neuroprotective metabolic precursors before complete oxidation to the essential pyridine nucleotide nicotinamide adenine... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27457019" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The kynurenine pathway (KP) is the principle route of L-Tryptophan (TRP) metabolism, producing several neurotoxic and neuroprotective metabolic precursors before complete oxidation to the essential pyridine nucleotide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ). KP inhibition may prove therapeutic in central nervous system (CNS) inflammation by reducing the production of excitotoxins such as quinolinic acid (QUIN). However, KP metabolism may also be cytoprotective through the de novo synthesis of intracellular NAD + . We tested the hypothesis that the KP is directly involved in the maintenance of intracellular NAD + levels and SIRT1 function in primary astrocytes and neurons through regulation of NAD + synthesis. Competitive inhibition of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), and quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT) activities with 1-methyl-L-Tryptophan (1-MT), and phthalic acid (PA) respectively, resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in intracellular NAD + levels and sirtuin deacetylase-1 (SIRT1) activity, and correlated directly with reduced cell viability. These results support the hypothesis that the primary role of KP activation during neuroinflammation is to maintain NAD + levels through de novo synthesis from TRP. Inhibition of KP metabolism under these conditions can compromise cell viability, NAD-dependent SIRT1 activity and CNS function, unless alternative precursors for NAD + synthesis are made available.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27457019" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5dafba221769fe4c4db62f1749d811f6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47716150,"asset_id":27457019,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47716150/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3931708" href="https://mq.academia.edu/GillesGuillemin">Gilles Guillemin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3931708" type="text/json">{"id":3931708,"first_name":"Gilles","last_name":"Guillemin","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"GillesGuillemin","display_name":"Gilles Guillemin","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/GillesGuillemin?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3931708/1467574/1792486/s65_gilles.guillemin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27457019 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27457019"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27457019, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27457019", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27457019]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27457019").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27457019").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27457019"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">27</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="140" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology">Pharmacology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="140" type="text/json">{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="146" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="146" type="text/json">{"id":146,"name":"Bioinformatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27457019]'), work: {"id":27457019,"title":"Effects of Kynurenine Pathway Inhibition on NAD+ Metabolism and Cell Viability in Human Primary Astrocytes and Neurons","created_at":"2016-08-02T00:19:38.629-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27457019/Effects_of_Kynurenine_Pathway_Inhibition_on_NAD_Metabolism_and_Cell_Viability_in_Human_Primary_Astrocytes_and_Neurons?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_27457019","summary":"The kynurenine pathway (KP) is the principle route of L-Tryptophan (TRP) metabolism, producing several neurotoxic and neuroprotective metabolic precursors before complete oxidation to the essential pyridine nucleotide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ). KP inhibition may prove therapeutic in central nervous system (CNS) inflammation by reducing the production of excitotoxins such as quinolinic acid (QUIN). However, KP metabolism may also be cytoprotective through the de novo synthesis of intracellular NAD + . We tested the hypothesis that the KP is directly involved in the maintenance of intracellular NAD + levels and SIRT1 function in primary astrocytes and neurons through regulation of NAD + synthesis. Competitive inhibition of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), and quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT) activities with 1-methyl-L-Tryptophan (1-MT), and phthalic acid (PA) respectively, resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in intracellular NAD + levels and sirtuin deacetylase-1 (SIRT1) activity, and correlated directly with reduced cell viability. These results support the hypothesis that the primary role of KP activation during neuroinflammation is to maintain NAD + levels through de novo synthesis from TRP. Inhibition of KP metabolism under these conditions can compromise cell viability, NAD-dependent SIRT1 activity and CNS function, unless alternative precursors for NAD + synthesis are made available.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47716150,"asset_id":27457019,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3931708,"first_name":"Gilles","last_name":"Guillemin","domain_name":"mq","page_name":"GillesGuillemin","display_name":"Gilles Guillemin","profile_url":"https://mq.academia.edu/GillesGuillemin?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3931708/1467574/1792486/s65_gilles.guillemin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":146,"name":"Bioinformatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":626,"name":"Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncology?f_ri=165"},{"id":640,"name":"Radiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiology?f_ri=165"},{"id":656,"name":"Pharmacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacy?f_ri=165"},{"id":1210,"name":"Informatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Informatics?f_ri=165"},{"id":3216,"name":"Genomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genomics?f_ri=165"},{"id":4207,"name":"Phylogenetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogenetics?f_ri=165"},{"id":4233,"name":"Computational Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Biology?f_ri=165"},{"id":5398,"name":"Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology?f_ri=165"},{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=165"},{"id":6970,"name":"Biomarkers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomarkers?f_ri=165"},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=165"},{"id":9786,"name":"Proteomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteomics?f_ri=165"},{"id":15738,"name":"Biomedical informatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_informatics?f_ri=165"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=165"},{"id":40511,"name":"Bioscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioscience?f_ri=165"},{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=165"},{"id":80872,"name":"Scientific","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scientific?f_ri=165"},{"id":82988,"name":"Microarray","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microarray?f_ri=165"},{"id":97056,"name":"Clinical Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Medicine?f_ri=165"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=165"},{"id":129135,"name":"Genetic modification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_modification?f_ri=165"},{"id":202225,"name":"Tryptophan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tryptophan?f_ri=165"},{"id":418354,"name":"Evidence Based","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evidence_Based?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14279359" data-work_id="14279359" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14279359/Intracranial_Meningeal_Tumours_in_Childhood_A_Clinicopathologic_Study_Including_MIB1_Immunohistochemistry">Intracranial Meningeal Tumours in Childhood: A Clinicopathologic Study Including MIB1 Immunohistochemistry</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Primary tumours of the meninges with a relatively high tendency for malignant behaviour are uncommon in childhood. This study concerns 18 cases of meningeal tumours in children under the age of 16, of which 13 were meningiomas and five... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14279359" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Primary tumours of the meninges with a relatively high tendency for malignant behaviour are uncommon in childhood. This study concerns 18 cases of meningeal tumours in children under the age of 16, of which 13 were meningiomas and five were other tumours arising in the meninges. Meningiomas showed a preponderance in females as in adult series, and the majority were supratentorial in localisation. The percentage of meningeal tumours and meningiomas among all brain tumours in our centre were 3.72% and 2.69%, respectively. Four out of 13 meningiomas were fibroblastic, four were transitional, one was meningothelial, two were psammomatous and two were papillary meningiomas. Seven (38.8%) out of 18 tumours showed anaplastic features, including two papillary meningiomas, two hemangiopericytomas, one mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, one pleomorphic sarcoma and one anaplastic meningeal tumour. Papillary meningiomas with hemangiopericytoma-like solid areas were seen frequently in our cases (15.3%). Meningoangiomatosis was associated with two meningeal tumours. MIB1 (Ki-67) labelling indices (LIs) ranged between 0% and 13,6% (mean 1.83%) in benign, and between 1% and 20% (mean 7.2%) in malignant tumour, including papillary meningiomas. Mean MIB-1 LIs were 5.61% and 1.14% in non-recurrent and recurrent cases, respectively. MIB-1 LIs showed significant differences between benign and malignant meningeal tumours but no significant correlation either with prognosis or recurrence.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14279359" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b68d1626f6d379efada2bc1f64cdb02f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44362435,"asset_id":14279359,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44362435/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33244961" href="https://ege.academia.edu/AliVeral">Ali Veral</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33244961" type="text/json">{"id":33244961,"first_name":"Ali","last_name":"Veral","domain_name":"ege","page_name":"AliVeral","display_name":"Ali Veral","profile_url":"https://ege.academia.edu/AliVeral?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14279359 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14279359"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14279359, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14279359", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14279359]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14279359").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14279359").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14279359"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64933" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child">Child</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64933" type="text/json">{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14279359]'), work: {"id":14279359,"title":"Intracranial Meningeal Tumours in Childhood: A Clinicopathologic Study Including MIB1 Immunohistochemistry","created_at":"2015-07-22T00:09:39.711-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14279359/Intracranial_Meningeal_Tumours_in_Childhood_A_Clinicopathologic_Study_Including_MIB1_Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_14279359","summary":"Primary tumours of the meninges with a relatively high tendency for malignant behaviour are uncommon in childhood. This study concerns 18 cases of meningeal tumours in children under the age of 16, of which 13 were meningiomas and five were other tumours arising in the meninges. Meningiomas showed a preponderance in females as in adult series, and the majority were supratentorial in localisation. The percentage of meningeal tumours and meningiomas among all brain tumours in our centre were 3.72% and 2.69%, respectively. Four out of 13 meningiomas were fibroblastic, four were transitional, one was meningothelial, two were psammomatous and two were papillary meningiomas. Seven (38.8%) out of 18 tumours showed anaplastic features, including two papillary meningiomas, two hemangiopericytomas, one mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, one pleomorphic sarcoma and one anaplastic meningeal tumour. Papillary meningiomas with hemangiopericytoma-like solid areas were seen frequently in our cases (15.3%). Meningoangiomatosis was associated with two meningeal tumours. MIB1 (Ki-67) labelling indices (LIs) ranged between 0% and 13,6% (mean 1.83%) in benign, and between 1% and 20% (mean 7.2%) in malignant tumour, including papillary meningiomas. Mean MIB-1 LIs were 5.61% and 1.14% in non-recurrent and recurrent cases, respectively. MIB-1 LIs showed significant differences between benign and malignant meningeal tumours but no significant correlation either with prognosis or recurrence.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44362435,"asset_id":14279359,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33244961,"first_name":"Ali","last_name":"Veral","domain_name":"ege","page_name":"AliVeral","display_name":"Ali Veral","profile_url":"https://ege.academia.edu/AliVeral?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":168200,"name":"Meningioma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meningioma?f_ri=165"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=165"},{"id":749302,"name":"Indexation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38795570" data-work_id="38795570" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38795570/Cytologic_analysis_of_body_fluids_with_an_emphasis_on_malignant_effusions">Cytologic analysis of body fluids with an emphasis on malignant effusions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Introduction: Fluid cytology, a relatively non invasive technique, throws light on both malignant and non malignant causes of effusions. It especially contributes in cancer research and staging of various tumors. Materials and Methods:... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38795570" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Introduction: Fluid cytology, a relatively non invasive technique, throws light on both malignant and non malignant causes of effusions. It especially contributes in cancer research and staging of various tumors.<br />Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study done over a period of two years from January 2014 to December 2015 in the department of Pathology, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad. The body fluids included in the study were pleural, peritoneal, pericardial and synovial fluids. All other fluids were excluded. The relevant clinical data was noted. Gross, cell count and cytomorphological examinations of fluid were done.<br />Results: Out of 302 cases, pleural fluids, 148 (49.0%) cases, were most common, followed by peritoneal fluid, 125 (41.39%) cases and least common was pericardial fluid, 8 (2.64%) cases. The maximum numbers of cases was in 5th decade. The age range was 3 years to 84 years. Female preponderance was observed with M: F ratio of 1: 1.17. Lymphocyte rich exudates were most common in pleural effusion. In peritoneal and pericardial effusions, transudates were more and suppurative inflammation was predominant in synovial fluid analysis. Over all, malignant effusions constituted 18.54% of effusions. Metastatic adenocarcinoma was the commonest malignancy detected in all body cavity effusions.<br />Conclusions: Fluid cytology is relatively painless, simple, cost effective, rapid technique that yields quick and reliable results. Some cases may present major interpretative challenges to the pathologist. Ancillary studies such as cell count, biochemical, microbiologic evaluation, cell block and immunohistochemistry (IHC) study help in accurate identification of diagnosis.<br />Keywords: Body fluids, Malignant effusions, Transudates.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38795570" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e2a96c073f9fecbc80a94d61535b8d41" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58886210,"asset_id":38795570,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58886210/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27377481" href="https://innovativepublication.academia.edu/IP">IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27377481" type="text/json">{"id":27377481,"first_name":"IP Innovative","last_name":"Publication Pvt. Ltd.","domain_name":"innovativepublication","page_name":"IP","display_name":"IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd.","profile_url":"https://innovativepublication.academia.edu/IP?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27377481/8351640/25499110/s65_ip_innovative.publication_pvt._ltd..png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38795570 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38795570"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38795570, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38795570", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38795570 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38795570; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38795570"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38795570 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38795570"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38795570; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38795570]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38795570").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38795570").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38795570"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="626" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncology">Oncology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="626" type="text/json">{"id":626,"name":"Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2182305" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Journal_of_Pathology_and_Oncology">Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2182305" type="text/json">{"id":2182305,"name":"Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Journal_of_Pathology_and_Oncology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2866225" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology_and_Oncology">Pathology and Oncology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2866225" type="text/json">{"id":2866225,"name":"Pathology and Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology_and_Oncology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38795570]'), work: {"id":38795570,"title":"Cytologic analysis of body fluids with an emphasis on malignant effusions","created_at":"2019-04-13T04:49:22.682-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38795570/Cytologic_analysis_of_body_fluids_with_an_emphasis_on_malignant_effusions?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_38795570","summary":"Introduction: Fluid cytology, a relatively non invasive technique, throws light on both malignant and non malignant causes of effusions. It especially contributes in cancer research and staging of various tumors.\nMaterials and Methods: This was a retrospective study done over a period of two years from January 2014 to December 2015 in the department of Pathology, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad. The body fluids included in the study were pleural, peritoneal, pericardial and synovial fluids. All other fluids were excluded. The relevant clinical data was noted. Gross, cell count and cytomorphological examinations of fluid were done.\nResults: Out of 302 cases, pleural fluids, 148 (49.0%) cases, were most common, followed by peritoneal fluid, 125 (41.39%) cases and least common was pericardial fluid, 8 (2.64%) cases. The maximum numbers of cases was in 5th decade. The age range was 3 years to 84 years. Female preponderance was observed with M: F ratio of 1: 1.17. Lymphocyte rich exudates were most common in pleural effusion. In peritoneal and pericardial effusions, transudates were more and suppurative inflammation was predominant in synovial fluid analysis. Over all, malignant effusions constituted 18.54% of effusions. Metastatic adenocarcinoma was the commonest malignancy detected in all body cavity effusions.\nConclusions: Fluid cytology is relatively painless, simple, cost effective, rapid technique that yields quick and reliable results. Some cases may present major interpretative challenges to the pathologist. Ancillary studies such as cell count, biochemical, microbiologic evaluation, cell block and immunohistochemistry (IHC) study help in accurate identification of diagnosis.\nKeywords: Body fluids, Malignant effusions, Transudates.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58886210,"asset_id":38795570,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27377481,"first_name":"IP Innovative","last_name":"Publication Pvt. Ltd.","domain_name":"innovativepublication","page_name":"IP","display_name":"IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd.","profile_url":"https://innovativepublication.academia.edu/IP?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27377481/8351640/25499110/s65_ip_innovative.publication_pvt._ltd..png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":626,"name":"Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":2182305,"name":"Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Journal_of_Pathology_and_Oncology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":2866225,"name":"Pathology and Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology_and_Oncology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66469278" data-work_id="66469278" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66469278/Antioxidant_Activity_Assay_of_Alpha_mangostin_for_Amelioration_of_Kidney_Structure_and_Function_in_Diabetic_Mice">Antioxidant Activity Assay of Alpha-mangostin for Amelioration of Kidney Structure and Function in Diabetic Mice</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This research was aimed to investigate the ability of a alpha-mangostin compound derived from mangosteen pericarp to reduce plasma blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine level, and also to ameliorate the damaged renal proximal tubular... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66469278" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This research was aimed to investigate the ability of a alpha-mangostin compound derived from mangosteen pericarp to reduce plasma blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine level, and also to ameliorate the damaged renal proximal tubular of the kidneys in diabetic mice. An in-vivo antioxidant test was conducted using male BALB/c mice. The mice were divided into two groups; normal control (KN) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Streptozotocin (STZ) induction was performed using multiple low-doses of 30 mg/kg injected for five consecutive days. The diabetic mice were separated again into three sub-groups; diabetic control (KD), diabetic mice treated with Metformin HCl (KM), and diabetic mice treated with alpha-mangostin. The alpha-mangostin treatment group was categorised based on the dose given; P1 (2 mg/kg body weight), P2 (4 mg/kg body weight) and P3 (8 mg/kg body weight). Before and after STZ injection, the body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured. The body weight...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66469278" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f7ed534aacecf83893da8c6025b2a408" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77648169,"asset_id":66469278,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77648169/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6365105" href="https://unair.academia.edu/FirasKhaleyla">Firas Khaleyla</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6365105" type="text/json">{"id":6365105,"first_name":"Firas","last_name":"Khaleyla","domain_name":"unair","page_name":"FirasKhaleyla","display_name":"Firas Khaleyla","profile_url":"https://unair.academia.edu/FirasKhaleyla?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6365105/3840549/4493754/s65_firas.khaleyla.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66469278 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66469278"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66469278, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66469278", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66469278 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66469278; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66469278"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66469278 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66469278"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66469278; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66469278]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66469278").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66469278").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66469278"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="148" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Botany">Botany</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="148" type="text/json">{"id":148,"name":"Botany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Botany?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="154" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocrinology">Endocrinology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="154" type="text/json">{"id":154,"name":"Endocrinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocrinology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66469278]'), work: {"id":66469278,"title":"Antioxidant Activity Assay of Alpha-mangostin for Amelioration of Kidney Structure and Function in Diabetic Mice","created_at":"2021-12-29T19:14:08.085-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66469278/Antioxidant_Activity_Assay_of_Alpha_mangostin_for_Amelioration_of_Kidney_Structure_and_Function_in_Diabetic_Mice?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_66469278","summary":"This research was aimed to investigate the ability of a alpha-mangostin compound derived from mangosteen pericarp to reduce plasma blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine level, and also to ameliorate the damaged renal proximal tubular of the kidneys in diabetic mice. An in-vivo antioxidant test was conducted using male BALB/c mice. The mice were divided into two groups; normal control (KN) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Streptozotocin (STZ) induction was performed using multiple low-doses of 30 mg/kg injected for five consecutive days. The diabetic mice were separated again into three sub-groups; diabetic control (KD), diabetic mice treated with Metformin HCl (KM), and diabetic mice treated with alpha-mangostin. The alpha-mangostin treatment group was categorised based on the dose given; P1 (2 mg/kg body weight), P2 (4 mg/kg body weight) and P3 (8 mg/kg body weight). Before and after STZ injection, the body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured. The body weight...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77648169,"asset_id":66469278,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6365105,"first_name":"Firas","last_name":"Khaleyla","domain_name":"unair","page_name":"FirasKhaleyla","display_name":"Firas Khaleyla","profile_url":"https://unair.academia.edu/FirasKhaleyla?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6365105/3840549/4493754/s65_firas.khaleyla.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":148,"name":"Botany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Botany?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":154,"name":"Endocrinology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocrinology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":4581,"name":"Diabetes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetes?f_ri=165"},{"id":12069,"name":"Histology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histology?f_ri=165"},{"id":14080,"name":"Pharmacognosy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacognosy?f_ri=165"},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=165"},{"id":18556,"name":"Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetes_Mellitus_and_Its_Complications?f_ri=165"},{"id":21801,"name":"Animal Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Physiology?f_ri=165"},{"id":51711,"name":"Antioxidants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antioxidants?f_ri=165"},{"id":71294,"name":"Kidney","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kidney?f_ri=165"},{"id":71511,"name":"Diabetes mellitus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetes_mellitus?f_ri=165"},{"id":103339,"name":"Antioxidant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antioxidant?f_ri=165"},{"id":170762,"name":"Natural antioxidants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_antioxidants?f_ri=165"},{"id":290433,"name":"Antioxidant Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antioxidant_Activity?f_ri=165"},{"id":564633,"name":"Medical botany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_botany?f_ri=165"},{"id":650907,"name":"Pharmaceutical botany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_botany?f_ri=165"},{"id":1297255,"name":"Garcinia Mangostana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Garcinia_Mangostana?f_ri=165"},{"id":1361903,"name":"Mangosteen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mangosteen?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63052058" data-work_id="63052058" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63052058/Prognostic_accuracy_of_individual_uropathologists_in_noninvasive_urinary_bladder_carcinoma_a_multicentre_study_comparing_the_1973_and_2004_World_Health_">Prognostic accuracy of individual uropathologists in noninvasive urinary bladder carcinoma: a multicentre study comparing the 1973 and 2004 World Health …</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Grading of noninvasive papillary urinary bladder carcinoma (PUC) is routinely performed in clinical oncologic practice; however, reports regarding diagnostic and prognostic accuracy are contradictory. Objective: To compare the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63052058" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Grading of noninvasive papillary urinary bladder carcinoma (PUC) is routinely performed in clinical oncologic practice; however, reports regarding diagnostic and prognostic accuracy are contradictory. Objective: To compare the 1973 and 2004 World Health Organisation (WHO) classifications in terms of interobserver variability and prognostic implications. Design, setting, and participants: Two hundred PUC were retrospectively reviewed by four independent expert genitourinary pathologists blinded with respect to patient identity and clinical outcome. Tumour grading was assigned according to the 1973 and 2004 WHO classifications. Surveying a mean postsurgical follow-up of 71.8 mo (range: 18-163 mo), clinical outcome in terms of recurrence-free and progression-free survival was recorded for all patients. Intervention: All of the patients underwent transurethral resection of the bladder. Measurements: The generalised k (kappa statistic) for interobserver variability was calculated, and Kaplan-Meier analysis as well as univariate regression analysis were performed to evaluate prognostic implications in terms of recurrence and progression rates. Results and limitations: During the follow-up, a total of 84 (42%) patients experienced recurrence, whereas another 18 (9%) patients featured disease progression. Owing to the rare presence of papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) in our cohort (0-3.5%), the 2004 WHO classification</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63052058" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4ba16e581974ba27a8ec4a0618beb558" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75607935,"asset_id":63052058,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75607935/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35522867" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChristianGilfrich">Christian Gilfrich</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35522867" type="text/json">{"id":35522867,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Gilfrich","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChristianGilfrich","display_name":"Christian Gilfrich","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChristianGilfrich?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63052058 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63052058"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63052058, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63052058", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_63052058 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63052058; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_63052058"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_63052058 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="63052058"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63052058; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63052058]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_63052058").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63052058").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63052058"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="653" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urology">Urology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="653" type="text/json">{"id":653,"name":"Urology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="98930" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Health_Organisation">World Health Organisation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="98930" type="text/json">{"id":98930,"name":"World Health Organisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Health_Organisation?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63052058]'), work: {"id":63052058,"title":"Prognostic accuracy of individual uropathologists in noninvasive urinary bladder carcinoma: a multicentre study comparing the 1973 and 2004 World Health …","created_at":"2021-12-02T22:01:44.410-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63052058/Prognostic_accuracy_of_individual_uropathologists_in_noninvasive_urinary_bladder_carcinoma_a_multicentre_study_comparing_the_1973_and_2004_World_Health_?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_63052058","summary":"Background: Grading of noninvasive papillary urinary bladder carcinoma (PUC) is routinely performed in clinical oncologic practice; however, reports regarding diagnostic and prognostic accuracy are contradictory. Objective: To compare the 1973 and 2004 World Health Organisation (WHO) classifications in terms of interobserver variability and prognostic implications. Design, setting, and participants: Two hundred PUC were retrospectively reviewed by four independent expert genitourinary pathologists blinded with respect to patient identity and clinical outcome. Tumour grading was assigned according to the 1973 and 2004 WHO classifications. Surveying a mean postsurgical follow-up of 71.8 mo (range: 18-163 mo), clinical outcome in terms of recurrence-free and progression-free survival was recorded for all patients. Intervention: All of the patients underwent transurethral resection of the bladder. Measurements: The generalised k (kappa statistic) for interobserver variability was calculated, and Kaplan-Meier analysis as well as univariate regression analysis were performed to evaluate prognostic implications in terms of recurrence and progression rates. Results and limitations: During the follow-up, a total of 84 (42%) patients experienced recurrence, whereas another 18 (9%) patients featured disease progression. Owing to the rare presence of papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) in our cohort (0-3.5%), the 2004 WHO classification","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75607935,"asset_id":63052058,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35522867,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Gilfrich","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChristianGilfrich","display_name":"Christian Gilfrich","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChristianGilfrich?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":653,"name":"Urology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":98930,"name":"World Health Organisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Health_Organisation?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=165"},{"id":290910,"name":"Papillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Papillary_Squamous_Cell_Carcinoma?f_ri=165"},{"id":375296,"name":"Observer Variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Observer_Variation?f_ri=165"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=165"},{"id":489727,"name":"Prognosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prognosis?f_ri=165"},{"id":521881,"name":"World Health Organization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Health_Organization?f_ri=165"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results?f_ri=165"},{"id":1902592,"name":"Urinary Bladder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urinary_Bladder?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61031689" data-work_id="61031689" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61031689/Clinico_pathological_changes_in_buffalo_calves_following_oral_exposure_to_Pasteurella_multocida_B_2">Clinico-pathological changes in buffalo calves following oral exposure to Pasteurella multocida B:2</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background and aim: Pasteurella multocida B:2, which causes hemorrhagic septicemia of ruminants, is believed to enter the host via respiratory and oral routes. While the role of respiratory route of infection has been established, the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_61031689" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background and aim: Pasteurella multocida B:2, which causes hemorrhagic septicemia of ruminants, is believed to enter the host via respiratory and oral routes. While the role of respiratory route of infection has been established, the present study describes the clinical and pathological alterations following oral exposure of buffalo calves to live wild-type Pasteurella multocida B:2. Methods: Nine 8-month-old buffalo calves were selected and divided into three groups. Calves of group 1 were exposed orally to 50 mL of the inoculums containing 109 colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL of live Pasteurella multocida B:2. Calves of group 2 were exposed intra-tracheal to 5 mL of the same inoculums while calves of group 3 were exposed orally to 50 mL of phosphate-buffered saline. Results: Only one calf had to be euthanized at 48 h post-intra-tracheal exposure due to persistent clinical signs of hemorrhagic septicemia. The mean respiratory rate and rectal temperature had significantly increased in calves of groups 1 and 2. The pathological alterations included submandibular and brisket edema, generalized lymphadenopathy, acute fibrinous pneumonia, acute colitis and hemorrhagic typhilitis and proctitis. Nevertheless, oral infection with 109 CFU/mL of live wild-type P. multocida B:2 failed to produce a typical clinical disease. However, P. multocida B:2 was present along the gastro-intestinal tract, including the rectum of the calf that succumbed to the infection at 48 h post-intra-tracheal exposure. Conclusions: The presence of P. multocida B:2 along the gastro-intestinal tract is of concern since transmission via the gastro-intestinal tract of diseased animals is strongly possible.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61031689" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3e6ffb3dbf71ca544ec670bddf67ec44" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74216839,"asset_id":61031689,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74216839/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="197825018" href="https://independent.academia.edu/muhammadnazirabubakar">muhammad nazir abubakar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="197825018" type="text/json">{"id":197825018,"first_name":"muhammad nazir","last_name":"abubakar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"muhammadnazirabubakar","display_name":"muhammad nazir abubakar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/muhammadnazirabubakar?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/197825018/130340404/119748372/s65_muhammad_nazir.abubakar.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61031689 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61031689"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61031689, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61031689", }); 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While the role of respiratory route of infection has been established, the present study describes the clinical and pathological alterations following oral exposure of buffalo calves to live wild-type Pasteurella multocida B:2. Methods: Nine 8-month-old buffalo calves were selected and divided into three groups. Calves of group 1 were exposed orally to 50 mL of the inoculums containing 109 colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL of live Pasteurella multocida B:2. Calves of group 2 were exposed intra-tracheal to 5 mL of the same inoculums while calves of group 3 were exposed orally to 50 mL of phosphate-buffered saline. Results: Only one calf had to be euthanized at 48 h post-intra-tracheal exposure due to persistent clinical signs of hemorrhagic septicemia. The mean respiratory rate and rectal temperature had significantly increased in calves of groups 1 and 2. The pathological alterations included submandibular and brisket edema, generalized lymphadenopathy, acute fibrinous pneumonia, acute colitis and hemorrhagic typhilitis and proctitis. Nevertheless, oral infection with 109 CFU/mL of live wild-type P. multocida B:2 failed to produce a typical clinical disease. However, P. multocida B:2 was present along the gastro-intestinal tract, including the rectum of the calf that succumbed to the infection at 48 h post-intra-tracheal exposure. Conclusions: The presence of P. multocida B:2 along the gastro-intestinal tract is of concern since transmission via the gastro-intestinal tract of diseased animals is strongly possible.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74216839,"asset_id":61031689,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":197825018,"first_name":"muhammad nazir","last_name":"abubakar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"muhammadnazirabubakar","display_name":"muhammad nazir abubakar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/muhammadnazirabubakar?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/197825018/130340404/119748372/s65_muhammad_nazir.abubakar.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51411643" data-work_id="51411643" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51411643/Usefulness_of_galactose_oxidase_Schiff_test_in_rectal_mucus_for_screening_of_colorectal_malignancy">Usefulness of galactose oxidase-Schiff test in rectal mucus for screening of colorectal malignancy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Based on a &quot;field-effect&quot; theory in colon carcinogenesis, and the expression of the disaccharide tumor marker D galactose-beta-[1--&gt;3]-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (Gal-GalNAc) in the rectal mucus of patients with cancer and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51411643" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Based on a &quot;field-effect&quot; theory in colon carcinogenesis, and the expression of the disaccharide tumor marker D galactose-beta-[1--&gt;3]-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (Gal-GalNAc) in the rectal mucus of patients with cancer and precancer of the colon, Shamsuddin developed a simple, accurate, inexpensive, easy to perform and rapid (&lt; or = 15 min) screening test for colonic cancer and precancerous lesions. In this study we examined 137 rectal mucus samples of randomly selected patients with colorectal malignancy or other colorectal diseases to confirm the sensitivity and specificity of this test in Croatia. Additionally, to test the validity of the &quot;field-effect&quot; theory, that the mucosa away from the obvious cancer will show abnormalities as a result of the generalized effect of the carcinogen throughout the entire field of the target tissue, we also monitored a subset of 53 patients post-operatively. Individuals free of colonic or any other malignancies served as c...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51411643" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7154c16316aab3edcd84bf14c3235624" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69148382,"asset_id":51411643,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69148382/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="87610983" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AbulkalamShamsuddin">Abulkalam Shamsuddin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="87610983" type="text/json">{"id":87610983,"first_name":"Abulkalam","last_name":"Shamsuddin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AbulkalamShamsuddin","display_name":"Abulkalam Shamsuddin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AbulkalamShamsuddin?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/87610983/99981691/89121372/s65_abulkalam.shamsuddin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51411643 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51411643"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51411643, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51411643", }); 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theory in colon carcinogenesis, and the expression of the disaccharide tumor marker D galactose-beta-[1--\u0026gt;3]-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (Gal-GalNAc) in the rectal mucus of patients with cancer and precancer of the colon, Shamsuddin developed a simple, accurate, inexpensive, easy to perform and rapid (\u0026lt; or = 15 min) screening test for colonic cancer and precancerous lesions. In this study we examined 137 rectal mucus samples of randomly selected patients with colorectal malignancy or other colorectal diseases to confirm the sensitivity and specificity of this test in Croatia. Additionally, to test the validity of the \u0026quot;field-effect\u0026quot; theory, that the mucosa away from the obvious cancer will show abnormalities as a result of the generalized effect of the carcinogen throughout the entire field of the target tissue, we also monitored a subset of 53 patients post-operatively. Individuals free of colonic or any other malignancies served as c...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69148382,"asset_id":51411643,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":87610983,"first_name":"Abulkalam","last_name":"Shamsuddin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AbulkalamShamsuddin","display_name":"Abulkalam Shamsuddin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AbulkalamShamsuddin?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/87610983/99981691/89121372/s65_abulkalam.shamsuddin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":12070,"name":"Histochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histochemistry?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":263843,"name":"Anticancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anticancer?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":648676,"name":"Mucus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mucus?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":2440562,"name":"Colorectal Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colorectal_Neoplasms?f_ri=165"},{"id":3840822,"name":"Rectum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rectum?f_ri=165"},{"id":4032301,"name":"Population surveillance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_surveillance?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_46297063 coauthored" data-work_id="46297063" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/46297063/Ectopic_choriocarcinoma_in_a_preteen_in_Ogbomoso_South_West_Nigeria_A_case_report">Ectopic choriocarcinoma in a preteen in Ogbomoso, South-West Nigeria: A case report</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/46297063" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="181725744" href="https://independent.academia.edu/gbemianoedward">gbemi ano-edward</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="181725744" type="text/json">{"id":181725744,"first_name":"gbemi","last_name":"ano-edward","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"gbemianoedward","display_name":"gbemi ano-edward","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/gbemianoedward?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/181725744/50733287/38772295/s65_gbemi.ano-edward.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-46297063">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-46297063"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MATHEWLASISI">MATHEW LASISI</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-46297063'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-46297063').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_46297063 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="46297063"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 46297063; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=46297063]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_46297063").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_46297063").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="46297063"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1262161" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GINECOLOGIA">GINECOLOGIA</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1262161" type="text/json">{"id":1262161,"name":"GINECOLOGIA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GINECOLOGIA?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=46297063]'), work: {"id":46297063,"title":"Ectopic choriocarcinoma in a preteen in Ogbomoso, South-West Nigeria: A case report","created_at":"2021-04-09T10:23:39.610-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/46297063/Ectopic_choriocarcinoma_in_a_preteen_in_Ogbomoso_South_West_Nigeria_A_case_report?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_46297063","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":181725744,"first_name":"gbemi","last_name":"ano-edward","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"gbemianoedward","display_name":"gbemi ano-edward","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/gbemianoedward?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/181725744/50733287/38772295/s65_gbemi.ano-edward.jpg"},{"id":215117803,"first_name":"MATHEW","last_name":"LASISI","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MATHEWLASISI","display_name":"MATHEW LASISI","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MATHEWLASISI?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":1262161,"name":"GINECOLOGIA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/GINECOLOGIA?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43968457" data-work_id="43968457" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43968457/A_Prospective_Study_of_Clinico_Histopathological_Correlation_among_Leprosy_Patients_Attending_a_Tertiary_Referral_Centre_in_Assam_in_This_Post_Elimination_Era">A Prospective Study of Clinico-Histopathological Correlation among Leprosy Patients Attending a Tertiary Referral Centre in Assam, in This Post Elimination Era</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic, infectious and treatable disease that primarily affects the skin and the peripheral nerves. Clinico-histopathological correlation of leprosy case assumes a pivotal role in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43968457" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic, infectious and treatable disease that primarily affects the skin and the peripheral nerves. Clinico-histopathological correlation of leprosy case assumes a pivotal role in early diagnosis and proper labeling of a case and thus leads to better management of patients. Aim: To study the clinical and histopathological correlation among leprosy patients attending a tertiary referral centre in this post elimination era. Materials & Methods: Study was conducted at a tertiary hospital during July, 2014 to June, 2015. Total 72 new cases of leprosy were selected purely on clinical ground (WHO criteria) attending dermatology OPD. Then these patients were subjected to slit skin smear examination and skin biopsy. Histopathological classifications of sections were done on the basis of the scheme put forth by Ridley (1974) and later it was correlated with the clinical classification across the Ridley-Jopling spectrum to evaluate the concordance among two. Results: Both clinically and histopathologically, BT constituted the predominant group 52.80% and 41.66% respectively. The overall clinico-histopathological correlation was seen in 41 cases (56.94%). Maximal concordance was noted in indeterminate leprosy (100%), followed by polar forms of leprosy i.e. LL (80%) & TT (75%). The least concordance was seen in mid-borderline leprosy (16.66%). Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of histopathological examination in assessing the leprosy cases as the under-treatment of MB cases will lead to persisters in the community and thus spread of disease and possible danger of drug resistance too in this era of elimination.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43968457" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d12cc4cbb96e389d64398043af77f1dc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64296673,"asset_id":43968457,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64296673/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="153663531" href="https://independent.academia.edu/InternationalJournalofHealthSciencesandResearchIJHSR">International Journal of Health Sciences and Research (IJHSR)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="153663531" type="text/json">{"id":153663531,"first_name":"International Journal of","last_name":"Health Sciences and Research (IJHSR)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"InternationalJournalofHealthSciencesandResearchIJHSR","display_name":"International Journal of Health Sciences and Research (IJHSR)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/InternationalJournalofHealthSciencesandResearchIJHSR?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/153663531/42806015/34226395/s65_international_journal_of.health_sciences_and_research_ijhsr_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43968457 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43968457"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43968457, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43968457", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43968457]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43968457").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43968457").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43968457"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="586" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="586" type="text/json">{"id":586,"name":"Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12729" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dermatology">Dermatology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12729" type="text/json">{"id":12729,"name":"Dermatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dermatology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="359007" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Venereology">Venereology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="359007" type="text/json">{"id":359007,"name":"Venereology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Venereology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43968457]'), work: {"id":43968457,"title":"A Prospective Study of Clinico-Histopathological Correlation among Leprosy Patients Attending a Tertiary Referral Centre in Assam, in This Post Elimination Era","created_at":"2020-08-28T02:38:44.854-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43968457/A_Prospective_Study_of_Clinico_Histopathological_Correlation_among_Leprosy_Patients_Attending_a_Tertiary_Referral_Centre_in_Assam_in_This_Post_Elimination_Era?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_43968457","summary":"Background: Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic, infectious and treatable disease that primarily affects the skin and the peripheral nerves. Clinico-histopathological correlation of leprosy case assumes a pivotal role in early diagnosis and proper labeling of a case and thus leads to better management of patients. Aim: To study the clinical and histopathological correlation among leprosy patients attending a tertiary referral centre in this post elimination era. Materials \u0026 Methods: Study was conducted at a tertiary hospital during July, 2014 to June, 2015. Total 72 new cases of leprosy were selected purely on clinical ground (WHO criteria) attending dermatology OPD. Then these patients were subjected to slit skin smear examination and skin biopsy. Histopathological classifications of sections were done on the basis of the scheme put forth by Ridley (1974) and later it was correlated with the clinical classification across the Ridley-Jopling spectrum to evaluate the concordance among two. Results: Both clinically and histopathologically, BT constituted the predominant group 52.80% and 41.66% respectively. The overall clinico-histopathological correlation was seen in 41 cases (56.94%). Maximal concordance was noted in indeterminate leprosy (100%), followed by polar forms of leprosy i.e. LL (80%) \u0026 TT (75%). The least concordance was seen in mid-borderline leprosy (16.66%). Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of histopathological examination in assessing the leprosy cases as the under-treatment of MB cases will lead to persisters in the community and thus spread of disease and possible danger of drug resistance too in this era of elimination.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64296673,"asset_id":43968457,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":153663531,"first_name":"International Journal of","last_name":"Health Sciences and Research (IJHSR)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"InternationalJournalofHealthSciencesandResearchIJHSR","display_name":"International Journal of Health Sciences and Research (IJHSR)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/InternationalJournalofHealthSciencesandResearchIJHSR?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/153663531/42806015/34226395/s65_international_journal_of.health_sciences_and_research_ijhsr_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":586,"name":"Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":12729,"name":"Dermatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dermatology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":359007,"name":"Venereology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Venereology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37307575" data-work_id="37307575" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37307575/Surgical_management_of_desmoid_tumors_of_the_female_pelvis11No_competing_interest_declared">Surgical management of desmoid tumors of the female pelvis11No competing interest declared</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Desmoid tumors are neoplasms characterized by proliferation of fibroblasts without cytologic features of malignancy. Although desmoid tumors are not uncommon, pelvic desmoid tumors are rare and therapeutically challenging. We... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37307575" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Desmoid tumors are neoplasms characterized by proliferation of fibroblasts without cytologic features of malignancy. Although desmoid tumors are not uncommon, pelvic desmoid tumors are rare and therapeutically challenging. We describe the surgical management of seven patients with histologically confirmed desmoid tumors arising in the pelvis.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37307575" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4b4df3248bc7e8047cf0e5375eab6dbf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57263916,"asset_id":37307575,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57263916/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35318596" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FranklinSim">Franklin Sim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35318596" type="text/json">{"id":35318596,"first_name":"Franklin","last_name":"Sim","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FranklinSim","display_name":"Franklin Sim","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FranklinSim?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37307575 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37307575"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37307575, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37307575", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37307575]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37307575").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37307575").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37307575"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="647" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery">Surgery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="647" type="text/json">{"id":647,"name":"Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8942" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment">Treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8942" type="text/json">{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37307575]'), work: {"id":37307575,"title":"Surgical management of desmoid tumors of the female pelvis11No competing interest declared","created_at":"2018-08-28T18:10:58.706-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37307575/Surgical_management_of_desmoid_tumors_of_the_female_pelvis11No_competing_interest_declared?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_37307575","summary":"Background: Desmoid tumors are neoplasms characterized by proliferation of fibroblasts without cytologic features of malignancy. Although desmoid tumors are not uncommon, pelvic desmoid tumors are rare and therapeutically challenging. We describe the surgical management of seven patients with histologically confirmed desmoid tumors arising in the pelvis.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57263916,"asset_id":37307575,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35318596,"first_name":"Franklin","last_name":"Sim","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FranklinSim","display_name":"Franklin Sim","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FranklinSim?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":647,"name":"Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":121939,"name":"Technique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technique?f_ri=165"},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=165"},{"id":234187,"name":"Recurrence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recurrence?f_ri=165"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=165"},{"id":312591,"name":"Pelvis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pelvis?f_ri=165"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=165"},{"id":538554,"name":"Study design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Study_design?f_ri=165"},{"id":631028,"name":"Soft Tissue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soft_Tissue?f_ri=165"},{"id":633766,"name":"Sediment Characteristic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sediment_Characteristic?f_ri=165"},{"id":1863718,"name":"The American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_American?f_ri=165"},{"id":2482067,"name":"Reoperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reoperation?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35740572" data-work_id="35740572" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35740572/Female_urethral_diverticulum_a_pathological_insight">Female urethral diverticulum: a pathological insight</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Introduction and hypothesis In this study, we define the histopathological features of female urethral diverticula and attempt to elucidate its pathogenesis and etiology. Methods We analyzed 22 clinical records of women diagnosed with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35740572" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Introduction and hypothesis In this study, we define the histopathological features of female urethral diverticula and attempt to elucidate its pathogenesis and etiology. Methods We analyzed 22 clinical records of women diagnosed with urethral diverticula. We collected clinical, surgical, and pathological data. Pathological re-assessment was performed using hematoxylin-eosin and van Gieson stains. Results The predominant epithelial types were squamous (41.9%), columnar (31.8%), combined squamous and columnar (18.2%), and cuboidal (13.6%). There was no case of the transitional type. Epithelial ulcerations were present in nine cases. The diverticular wall was composed only of fibrous collagen tissue in all cases. Inflammatory signs were noted in 77.3% of specimens. Conclusions Histopathological features of female urethral diverticula match the criteria for paraurethral cysts. Concomitant use of synthetic meshes should be avoided due to the possibility of an infectious etiology. Transvaginal excision of the sac is recommended, while transurethral procedures are contraindicated.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35740572" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a4360e09141e3028af02cfd7fba83184" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55614986,"asset_id":35740572,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55614986/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38391497" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlexanderTsivian">Alexander Tsivian</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38391497" type="text/json">{"id":38391497,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Tsivian","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexanderTsivian","display_name":"Alexander Tsivian","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexanderTsivian?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35740572 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35740572"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35740572, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35740572", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35740572 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35740572; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35740572"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35740572 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35740572"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35740572; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35740572]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35740572").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35740572").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35740572"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="117796" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urogynecology">Urogynecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="117796" type="text/json">{"id":117796,"name":"Urogynecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urogynecology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133057" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult">Young Adult</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="133057" type="text/json">{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35740572]'), work: {"id":35740572,"title":"Female urethral diverticulum: a pathological insight","created_at":"2018-01-23T08:13:35.137-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35740572/Female_urethral_diverticulum_a_pathological_insight?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_35740572","summary":"Introduction and hypothesis In this study, we define the histopathological features of female urethral diverticula and attempt to elucidate its pathogenesis and etiology. Methods We analyzed 22 clinical records of women diagnosed with urethral diverticula. We collected clinical, surgical, and pathological data. Pathological re-assessment was performed using hematoxylin-eosin and van Gieson stains. Results The predominant epithelial types were squamous (41.9%), columnar (31.8%), combined squamous and columnar (18.2%), and cuboidal (13.6%). There was no case of the transitional type. Epithelial ulcerations were present in nine cases. The diverticular wall was composed only of fibrous collagen tissue in all cases. Inflammatory signs were noted in 77.3% of specimens. Conclusions Histopathological features of female urethral diverticula match the criteria for paraurethral cysts. Concomitant use of synthetic meshes should be avoided due to the possibility of an infectious etiology. Transvaginal excision of the sac is recommended, while transurethral procedures are contraindicated.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55614986,"asset_id":35740572,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38391497,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Tsivian","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexanderTsivian","display_name":"Alexander Tsivian","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexanderTsivian?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":117796,"name":"Urogynecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urogynecology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=165"},{"id":402458,"name":"Ulcer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ulcer?f_ri=165"},{"id":469105,"name":"Retrospective Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retrospective_Studies?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32230636" data-work_id="32230636" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32230636/Lab_Tests_Online_and_consumer_understanding_of_laboratory_testing">Lab Tests Online and consumer understanding of laboratory testing</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Lab Tests Online is a "peer-reviewed, non-commercial, patient-centered" resource where patients and their relatives and caregivers can learn about the tests used to screen for, diagnose, and manage disease. Consumers are becoming... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32230636" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Lab Tests Online is a "peer-reviewed, non-commercial, patient-centered" resource where patients and their relatives and caregivers can learn about the tests used to screen for, diagnose, and manage disease. Consumers are becoming increasingly involved in the management of their own health care and increasingly have access to their laboratory results through electronic health records. Research has shown that consumers have difficulty with health literacy in general and with numerical data in particular. The Lab Tests Online global websites are an important step toward helping consumers understand the complexity of the pathology process, the expertise of the people involved and the meaning of the results provided to them and their healthcare professionals.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32230636" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a32fe8a8cd0b1e0b4f35bedfc4e16261" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52455106,"asset_id":32230636,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52455106/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="62515901" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertDufour">Robert Dufour</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="62515901" type="text/json">{"id":62515901,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Dufour","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobertDufour","display_name":"Robert Dufour","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobertDufour?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32230636 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32230636"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32230636, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32230636", }); 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Consumers are becoming increasingly involved in the management of their own health care and increasingly have access to their laboratory results through electronic health records. Research has shown that consumers have difficulty with health literacy in general and with numerical data in particular. The Lab Tests Online global websites are an important step toward helping consumers understand the complexity of the pathology process, the expertise of the people involved and the meaning of the results provided to them and their healthcare professionals.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52455106,"asset_id":32230636,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":62515901,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Dufour","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobertDufour","display_name":"Robert Dufour","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobertDufour?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":9350,"name":"Electronic Health Records","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_Health_Records?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical 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class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27979465" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="78a0c5e0fdcbe93a284cc01536497aec" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48281926,"asset_id":27979465,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48281926/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52400745" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HirotakaOhara">Hirotaka Ohara</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52400745" type="text/json">{"id":52400745,"first_name":"Hirotaka","last_name":"Ohara","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HirotakaOhara","display_name":"Hirotaka Ohara","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HirotakaOhara?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27979465 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27979465"><i class="u-m1x fa 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3471" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regeneration">Regeneration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3471" type="text/json">{"id":3471,"name":"Regeneration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regeneration?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5462" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gap_Junctions">Gap Junctions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5462" type="text/json">{"id":5462,"name":"Gap Junctions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gap_Junctions?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" 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Junctions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gap_Junctions?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":235705,"name":"Clearance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clearance?f_ri=165"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=165"},{"id":361186,"name":"OCT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/OCT?f_ri=165"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=165"},{"id":417494,"name":"Rat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rat?f_ri=165"},{"id":467234,"name":"PBS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PBS?f_ri=165"},{"id":633762,"name":"Clinical Biochemistry \u0026 Clinical Laboratory Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Biochemistry_and_Clinical_Laboratory_Medicine?f_ri=165"},{"id":1127382,"name":"Hydrochloric Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrochloric_Acid?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27059846 coauthored" data-work_id="27059846" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27059846/Clinicopathological_study_of_benign_soft_tissue_neoplasms_Experience_at_rural_based_tertiary_teaching_hospital">Clinicopathological study of benign soft tissue neoplasms: Experience at rural based tertiary teaching hospital</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Embryologically, soft tissue is derived principally from mesoderm, with some contribution from neuroectoderm. The large majority of soft tissue tumors are benign, with a very high cure rate after surgical excision. Objectives:... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27059846" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Embryologically, soft tissue is derived principally from mesoderm, with some contribution from neuroectoderm. The large majority of soft tissue tumors are benign, with a very high cure rate after surgical excision. Objectives: 1. To study the frequency of benign soft tissue neoplasms (STN) among all other neoplasms in population attending rural based hospital. 2. To find out the relative frequency of benign STN among all STN in hospital population over period of two and half years. 3. To note any variation regarding age, sex and histopathological features of these neoplasms. Methods: Place of study: Dept. of Pathology. Study Design: Descriptive study. Period of study: Jan 2010 – July 2012. In this study we collected clinical profile of the 154 patients & correlated with gross and histopathological features. For histopathological study samples were collected, processed to prepare paraffin embedded sections & stained by H & E stains. Results:  Benign STN contributed (138 cases) 14.09% of all types of neoplasms in the present study.  Among all STN, benign STN 89.6% outnumbered malignant counterpart  On detailed histomorphological examination, the single most common histological group was the adipocytic tumors.  Benign STN in general showed male to female ratio 1.7:1 and the mean age was 40.4 years. Conclusion: Benign STN contribute small percentage among all neoplastic lesions reported. Benign STN outnumber the malignant neoplasm by a marginal difference. The commonest benign tumor is lipoma. The mean age of benign STN is 40.4 years with slight male predominance.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27059846" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="91872470c6760be3b58a87ec6205dede" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47314459,"asset_id":27059846,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47314459/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27377481" href="https://innovativepublication.academia.edu/IP">IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd.</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27377481" type="text/json">{"id":27377481,"first_name":"IP Innovative","last_name":"Publication Pvt. Ltd.","domain_name":"innovativepublication","page_name":"IP","display_name":"IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd.","profile_url":"https://innovativepublication.academia.edu/IP?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27377481/8351640/25499110/s65_ip_innovative.publication_pvt._ltd..png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-27059846">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-27059846"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://muhs.academia.edu/VikasVNarhire">Vikas V Narhire</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-27059846'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-27059846').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27059846 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27059846"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27059846, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27059846", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27059846 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27059846; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27059846"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27059846 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27059846"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27059846; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27059846]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27059846").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27059846").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27059846"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27059846]'), work: {"id":27059846,"title":"Clinicopathological study of benign soft tissue neoplasms: Experience at rural based tertiary teaching hospital","created_at":"2016-07-17T23:56:28.160-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27059846/Clinicopathological_study_of_benign_soft_tissue_neoplasms_Experience_at_rural_based_tertiary_teaching_hospital?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_27059846","summary":"Background: Embryologically, soft tissue is derived principally from mesoderm, with some contribution from neuroectoderm. The large majority of soft tissue tumors are benign, with a very high cure rate after surgical excision. Objectives: 1. To study the frequency of benign soft tissue neoplasms (STN) among all other neoplasms in population attending rural based hospital. 2. To find out the relative frequency of benign STN among all STN in hospital population over period of two and half years. 3. To note any variation regarding age, sex and histopathological features of these neoplasms. Methods: Place of study: Dept. of Pathology. Study Design: Descriptive study. Period of study: Jan 2010 – July 2012. In this study we collected clinical profile of the 154 patients \u0026 correlated with gross and histopathological features. For histopathological study samples were collected, processed to prepare paraffin embedded sections \u0026 stained by H \u0026 E stains. Results:  Benign STN contributed (138 cases) 14.09% of all types of neoplasms in the present study.  Among all STN, benign STN 89.6% outnumbered malignant counterpart  On detailed histomorphological examination, the single most common histological group was the adipocytic tumors.  Benign STN in general showed male to female ratio 1.7:1 and the mean age was 40.4 years. Conclusion: Benign STN contribute small percentage among all neoplastic lesions reported. Benign STN outnumber the malignant neoplasm by a marginal difference. The commonest benign tumor is lipoma. The mean age of benign STN is 40.4 years with slight male predominance.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47314459,"asset_id":27059846,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27377481,"first_name":"IP Innovative","last_name":"Publication Pvt. Ltd.","domain_name":"innovativepublication","page_name":"IP","display_name":"IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd.","profile_url":"https://innovativepublication.academia.edu/IP?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27377481/8351640/25499110/s65_ip_innovative.publication_pvt._ltd..png"},{"id":63505343,"first_name":"Vikas V","last_name":"Narhire","domain_name":"muhs","page_name":"VikasVNarhire","display_name":"Vikas V Narhire","profile_url":"https://muhs.academia.edu/VikasVNarhire?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/63505343/16483446/16830117/s65_vikas_v.narhire.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13343772" data-work_id="13343772" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13343772/Host_Response_to_Porcine_Strains_of_Escherichia_coli_in_a_Novel_Pyelonephritis_Model">Host Response to Porcine Strains of Escherichia coli in a Novel Pyelonephritis Model</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The initial pathology and pathogenesis of pyelonephritis and the influence of different strains of Escherichia coli were investigated in a novel porcine model. Nine female pigs were divided into three groups (A, B and C) and inoculated... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13343772" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The initial pathology and pathogenesis of pyelonephritis and the influence of different strains of Escherichia coli were investigated in a novel porcine model. Nine female pigs were divided into three groups (A, B and C) and inoculated repeatedly into one renal pelvis with porcine pyelonephritis E. coli strain LK67 (P fimbriae PapG I ), LK76 (type 1 fimbriae) or LK82 (type 1 fimbriae and P fimbriae PapG II/III ), respectively. The contralateral kidneys were inoculated with saline and served as controls. Pigs were killed 6 h post-inoculation (hpi). Differential leucocyte counts, serum biochemical analyses and measurement of serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins were carried out at 0, 3 and 6 hpi. Bacteriological evaluation of urine, kidneys, spleen, liver, abdominal swabs and blood samples and gross and histopathological evaluation of kidneys, renal lymph nodes, liver and spleen were performed by quantitative, semiquantitative and/or descriptive methods. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify cells expressing L1 antigen, CD33, CD4, CD8, CD79acy and lysozyme, and to identify E. coli and Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP). E. coli was re-isolated from all inoculated kidneys. Gross and microscopical lesions of acute pyelonephritis were demonstrated in all but one kidney inoculated with E. coli, but in none of the control kidneys. Renal parenchymal infiltration with both neutrophils and mononuclear cells, primarily CD3 + T lymphocytes, was observed at 6 hpi. Most T lymphocytes were CD8 + . Pigs in group C had the highest mean pathology scores. Neutrophils were the dominant renal leucocyte in this group, while the number of mononuclear cells was at least equal to the number of neutrophils in the lesions of pigs from groups A and B. Kidneys with a high number of E. coli had severe lesions. Systemic spread of E. coli was observed in five pigs. THP was observed interstitially in 89% of the E. coli-inoculated kidneys. In all groups, increased numbers of neutrophils and decreased numbers of lymphocytes and monocytes were shown by differential leucocyte count at 6 hpi, and from 3 to 6 hpi there was a significant increase in C-reactive protein concentration.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13343772" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eb6a054ce873e79e4075210eb1950733" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45446097,"asset_id":13343772,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45446097/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32582705" href="https://dtu.academia.edu/PeterHeegaard">Peter Heegaard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32582705" type="text/json">{"id":32582705,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Heegaard","domain_name":"dtu","page_name":"PeterHeegaard","display_name":"Peter Heegaard","profile_url":"https://dtu.academia.edu/PeterHeegaard?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13343772 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13343772"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13343772, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13343772", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13343772 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13343772; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13343772"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13343772 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13343772"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13343772; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13343772]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13343772").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13343772").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13343772"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71294" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kidney">Kidney</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71294" type="text/json">{"id":71294,"name":"Kidney","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kidney?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="83128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli">Escherichia coli</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="83128" type="text/json">{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="295260" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neutrophils">Neutrophils</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="295260" type="text/json">{"id":295260,"name":"Neutrophils","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neutrophils?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13343772]'), work: {"id":13343772,"title":"Host Response to Porcine Strains of Escherichia coli in a Novel Pyelonephritis Model","created_at":"2015-06-27T03:24:16.918-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13343772/Host_Response_to_Porcine_Strains_of_Escherichia_coli_in_a_Novel_Pyelonephritis_Model?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_13343772","summary":"The initial pathology and pathogenesis of pyelonephritis and the influence of different strains of Escherichia coli were investigated in a novel porcine model. Nine female pigs were divided into three groups (A, B and C) and inoculated repeatedly into one renal pelvis with porcine pyelonephritis E. coli strain LK67 (P fimbriae PapG I ), LK76 (type 1 fimbriae) or LK82 (type 1 fimbriae and P fimbriae PapG II/III ), respectively. The contralateral kidneys were inoculated with saline and served as controls. Pigs were killed 6 h post-inoculation (hpi). Differential leucocyte counts, serum biochemical analyses and measurement of serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins were carried out at 0, 3 and 6 hpi. Bacteriological evaluation of urine, kidneys, spleen, liver, abdominal swabs and blood samples and gross and histopathological evaluation of kidneys, renal lymph nodes, liver and spleen were performed by quantitative, semiquantitative and/or descriptive methods. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify cells expressing L1 antigen, CD33, CD4, CD8, CD79acy and lysozyme, and to identify E. coli and Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP). E. coli was re-isolated from all inoculated kidneys. Gross and microscopical lesions of acute pyelonephritis were demonstrated in all but one kidney inoculated with E. coli, but in none of the control kidneys. Renal parenchymal infiltration with both neutrophils and mononuclear cells, primarily CD3 + T lymphocytes, was observed at 6 hpi. Most T lymphocytes were CD8 + . Pigs in group C had the highest mean pathology scores. Neutrophils were the dominant renal leucocyte in this group, while the number of mononuclear cells was at least equal to the number of neutrophils in the lesions of pigs from groups A and B. Kidneys with a high number of E. coli had severe lesions. Systemic spread of E. coli was observed in five pigs. THP was observed interstitially in 89% of the E. coli-inoculated kidneys. In all groups, increased numbers of neutrophils and decreased numbers of lymphocytes and monocytes were shown by differential leucocyte count at 6 hpi, and from 3 to 6 hpi there was a significant increase in C-reactive protein concentration.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45446097,"asset_id":13343772,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32582705,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Heegaard","domain_name":"dtu","page_name":"PeterHeegaard","display_name":"Peter Heegaard","profile_url":"https://dtu.academia.edu/PeterHeegaard?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":71294,"name":"Kidney","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kidney?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":295260,"name":"Neutrophils","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neutrophils?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":419370,"name":"Swine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Swine?f_ri=165"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=165"},{"id":743643,"name":"Host Pathogen Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Host_Pathogen_Interactions?f_ri=165"},{"id":770580,"name":"Swine Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Swine_Diseases?f_ri=165"},{"id":784076,"name":"Species Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Specificity?f_ri=165"},{"id":923659,"name":"Virulence Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virulence_Factors?f_ri=165"},{"id":1396753,"name":"PYELONEPHRITIS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PYELONEPHRITIS?f_ri=165"},{"id":1684568,"name":"Escherichia Coli Infections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_Coli_Infections?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24103624" data-work_id="24103624" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24103624/Traditional_microscopy_instruction_versus_process_oriented_virtual_microscopy_instruction_a_naturalistic_experiment_with_control_group">Traditional microscopy instruction versus process-oriented virtual microscopy instruction: a naturalistic experiment with control group</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Virtual microscopy is being introduced in medical education as an approach for learning how to interpret information in microscopic specimens. It is, however, far from evident how to incorporate its use into existing teaching practice.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24103624" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Virtual microscopy is being introduced in medical education as an approach for learning how to interpret information in microscopic specimens. It is, however, far from evident how to incorporate its use into existing teaching practice. The aim of the study was to explore the consequences of introducing virtual microscopy tasks into an undergraduate pathology course in an attempt to render the instruction more process-oriented. The research questions were: 1) How is virtual microscopy perceived by students? 2) Does work on virtual microscopy tasks contribute to improvement in performance in microscopic pathology in comparison with attending assistant-led demonstrations only? During a one-week period, an experimental group completed three sets of virtual microscopy homework assignments in addition to attending demonstrations. A control group attended the demonstrations only. Performance in microscopic pathology was measured by a pre-test and a post-test. Student perceptions of regular...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24103624" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fbafebb51258357d9d1bef2a84e105fe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44467065,"asset_id":24103624,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44467065/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="687519" href="https://gu-se.academia.edu/RogerS%C3%A4lj%C3%B6">Roger Säljö</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="687519" type="text/json">{"id":687519,"first_name":"Roger","last_name":"Säljö","domain_name":"gu-se","page_name":"RogerSäljö","display_name":"Roger Säljö","profile_url":"https://gu-se.academia.edu/RogerS%C3%A4lj%C3%B6?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24103624 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24103624"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24103624, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24103624", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24103624]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24103624").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24103624").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24103624"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3091" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microscopy">Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3091" type="text/json">{"id":3091,"name":"Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microscopy?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37859" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diagnostic_Pathology">Diagnostic Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37859" type="text/json">{"id":37859,"name":"Diagnostic Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diagnostic_Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="77936" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Text">Text</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="77936" type="text/json">{"id":77936,"name":"Text","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Text?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24103624]'), work: {"id":24103624,"title":"Traditional microscopy instruction versus process-oriented virtual microscopy instruction: a naturalistic experiment with control group","created_at":"2016-04-06T01:24:31.770-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24103624/Traditional_microscopy_instruction_versus_process_oriented_virtual_microscopy_instruction_a_naturalistic_experiment_with_control_group?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_24103624","summary":"Virtual microscopy is being introduced in medical education as an approach for learning how to interpret information in microscopic specimens. It is, however, far from evident how to incorporate its use into existing teaching practice. The aim of the study was to explore the consequences of introducing virtual microscopy tasks into an undergraduate pathology course in an attempt to render the instruction more process-oriented. The research questions were: 1) How is virtual microscopy perceived by students? 2) Does work on virtual microscopy tasks contribute to improvement in performance in microscopic pathology in comparison with attending assistant-led demonstrations only? During a one-week period, an experimental group completed three sets of virtual microscopy homework assignments in addition to attending demonstrations. A control group attended the demonstrations only. Performance in microscopic pathology was measured by a pre-test and a post-test. Student perceptions of regular...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44467065,"asset_id":24103624,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":687519,"first_name":"Roger","last_name":"Säljö","domain_name":"gu-se","page_name":"RogerSäljö","display_name":"Roger Säljö","profile_url":"https://gu-se.academia.edu/RogerS%C3%A4lj%C3%B6?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":3091,"name":"Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microscopy?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":37859,"name":"Diagnostic Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diagnostic_Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":77936,"name":"Text","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Text?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":93975,"name":"Computer Assisted Instruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Assisted_Instruction?f_ri=165"},{"id":99364,"name":"Undergraduate medical education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Undergraduate_medical_education?f_ri=165"},{"id":255094,"name":"Computer User Interface Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_User_Interface_Design?f_ri=165"},{"id":396054,"name":"Diagnostic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diagnostic?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14759525" data-work_id="14759525" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14759525/Bedside_Surgery_to_Treat_Patent_Ductus_Arteriosus_in_Low_Birth_Weight_Premature_Infants">Bedside Surgery to Treat Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Low-Birth-Weight Premature Infants</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14759525" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9053c20412b87bda53629a1553a9a70c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43911887,"asset_id":14759525,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43911887/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33726243" href="https://izmir.academia.edu/MehmetGuzeloglu">Mehmet Guzeloglu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33726243" type="text/json">{"id":33726243,"first_name":"Mehmet","last_name":"Guzeloglu","domain_name":"izmir","page_name":"MehmetGuzeloglu","display_name":"Mehmet Guzeloglu","profile_url":"https://izmir.academia.edu/MehmetGuzeloglu?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14759525 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14759525"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14759525, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14759525", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14759525 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14759525; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14759525"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); 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u-positionRelative">26</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="140" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology">Pharmacology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="140" type="text/json">{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="146" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="146" type="text/json">{"id":146,"name":"Bioinformatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14759525]'), work: {"id":14759525,"title":"Bedside Surgery to Treat Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Low-Birth-Weight Premature Infants","created_at":"2015-08-08T07:04:31.625-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14759525/Bedside_Surgery_to_Treat_Patent_Ductus_Arteriosus_in_Low_Birth_Weight_Premature_Infants?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_14759525","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43911887,"asset_id":14759525,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33726243,"first_name":"Mehmet","last_name":"Guzeloglu","domain_name":"izmir","page_name":"MehmetGuzeloglu","display_name":"Mehmet Guzeloglu","profile_url":"https://izmir.academia.edu/MehmetGuzeloglu?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":146,"name":"Bioinformatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":626,"name":"Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncology?f_ri=165"},{"id":640,"name":"Radiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiology?f_ri=165"},{"id":656,"name":"Pharmacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacy?f_ri=165"},{"id":1210,"name":"Informatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Informatics?f_ri=165"},{"id":3216,"name":"Genomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genomics?f_ri=165"},{"id":4207,"name":"Phylogenetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogenetics?f_ri=165"},{"id":4233,"name":"Computational Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Biology?f_ri=165"},{"id":5398,"name":"Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology?f_ri=165"},{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=165"},{"id":6970,"name":"Biomarkers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomarkers?f_ri=165"},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=165"},{"id":9786,"name":"Proteomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteomics?f_ri=165"},{"id":15738,"name":"Biomedical informatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_informatics?f_ri=165"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=165"},{"id":40511,"name":"Bioscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioscience?f_ri=165"},{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=165"},{"id":80872,"name":"Scientific","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scientific?f_ri=165"},{"id":82988,"name":"Microarray","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microarray?f_ri=165"},{"id":97056,"name":"Clinical Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Medicine?f_ri=165"},{"id":117643,"name":"Biological","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological?f_ri=165"},{"id":129135,"name":"Genetic modification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_modification?f_ri=165"},{"id":418354,"name":"Evidence Based","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evidence_Based?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60325380 coauthored" data-work_id="60325380" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60325380/RETROSPECTIVE_STUDY_OF_BLOOD_COUNT_PROFILE_OF_COVID_19_PATIENTS_FOR_SIGNIFICANT_MARKERS_AND_CO_RELATION_ASSESSMENT">RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF BLOOD COUNT PROFILE OF COVID-19 PATIENTS FOR SIGNIFICANT MARKERS AND CO-RELATION ASSESSMENT</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this study we have analysed the blood prole of COVID-19 infected patients which is readily available at health care centres to provide markers and co-relations among them for prognostic evaluation of such patients. The nal datasheet... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_60325380" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this study we have analysed the blood prole of COVID-19 infected patients which is readily available at health care centres to provide markers and co-relations among them for prognostic evaluation of such patients. The nal datasheet comprised of CBC count of 187 COVID-19 infected patients. In the general results we found that the patients infected with COVID-19 are non-anaemic (equal to or greater than 12.5gm%) or mildly anaemic (between 10-12.5 gm%). We also observed mild leucocytosis (more than 9,600 per cu.mm.). Platelet count is normal (between 1,50,0003,70,000 per cu.mm.). Neutrophil counts are elevated (above 70%). Lymphocyte count is decreased (less than 20%). Eosinophil and monocyte counts are within normal range. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is elevated (>4). Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio is elevated (>198). Lymphocyte-to monocyte ratio is within normal range (2.63-9.9).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60325380" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="478da062ebba92498e891113241df88f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73822035,"asset_id":60325380,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73822035/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="138917156" href="https://maharashtrahealthsciencesnashiku.academia.edu/KumarSharp">Kumar Sharp</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="138917156" type="text/json">{"id":138917156,"first_name":"Kumar","last_name":"Sharp","domain_name":"maharashtrahealthsciencesnashiku","page_name":"KumarSharp","display_name":"Kumar Sharp","profile_url":"https://maharashtrahealthsciencesnashiku.academia.edu/KumarSharp?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/138917156/45302970/35372735/s65_kumar.sharp.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-60325380">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-60325380"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/BharatGhodke">Bharat Ghodke</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-60325380'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-60325380').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_60325380 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="60325380"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60325380; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60325380]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_60325380").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_60325380").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="60325380"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="467162" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CBC">CBC</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="467162" type="text/json">{"id":467162,"name":"CBC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CBC?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=60325380]'), work: {"id":60325380,"title":"RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF BLOOD COUNT PROFILE OF COVID-19 PATIENTS FOR SIGNIFICANT MARKERS AND CO-RELATION ASSESSMENT","created_at":"2021-10-29T08:43:37.251-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/60325380/RETROSPECTIVE_STUDY_OF_BLOOD_COUNT_PROFILE_OF_COVID_19_PATIENTS_FOR_SIGNIFICANT_MARKERS_AND_CO_RELATION_ASSESSMENT?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_60325380","summary":"In this study we have analysed the blood prole of COVID-19 infected patients which is readily available at health care centres to provide markers and co-relations among them for prognostic evaluation of such patients. The nal datasheet comprised of CBC count of 187 COVID-19 infected patients. In the general results we found that the patients infected with COVID-19 are non-anaemic (equal to or greater than 12.5gm%) or mildly anaemic (between 10-12.5 gm%). We also observed mild leucocytosis (more than 9,600 per cu.mm.). Platelet count is normal (between 1,50,0003,70,000 per cu.mm.). Neutrophil counts are elevated (above 70%). Lymphocyte count is decreased (less than 20%). Eosinophil and monocyte counts are within normal range. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is elevated (\u003e4). Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio is elevated (\u003e198). Lymphocyte-to monocyte ratio is within normal range (2.63-9.9).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73822035,"asset_id":60325380,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":138917156,"first_name":"Kumar","last_name":"Sharp","domain_name":"maharashtrahealthsciencesnashiku","page_name":"KumarSharp","display_name":"Kumar Sharp","profile_url":"https://maharashtrahealthsciencesnashiku.academia.edu/KumarSharp?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/138917156/45302970/35372735/s65_kumar.sharp.jpg"},{"id":218509793,"first_name":"Bharat","last_name":"Ghodke","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BharatGhodke","display_name":"Bharat Ghodke","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BharatGhodke?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":467162,"name":"CBC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CBC?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_59792650" data-work_id="59792650" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59792650/Serosal_surfaces_mucin_pools_and_deposits_oh_my_challenges_in_staging_colorectal_carcinoma">Serosal surfaces, mucin pools, and deposits, oh my: challenges in staging colorectal carcinoma</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Colorectal carcinoma is the third most common cancer in the United States. Proper and standardized pathologic staging is vital for prognostic assessment and impacts therapeutic decisions. The Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) staging system was... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_59792650" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Colorectal carcinoma is the third most common cancer in the United States. Proper and standardized pathologic staging is vital for prognostic assessment and impacts therapeutic decisions. The Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) staging system was developed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) to be a data-driven, evidence-based staging system providing an accurate prediction of outcome. The AJCC 7th edition (2010) included several changes clarifying some issues and leading to new controversies. We aim to address selected challenging issues in tumor T staging, neoadjuvant treatment effects in rectal cancer, and definition of lymph node vs tumor deposit. Serosal involvement in colorectal cancer is staged as T4, which is associated with decreased survival and may impact additional therapy decisions. Although careful sampling and sectioning are helpful, challenges remain in interpretation of tumor within 1 mm of serosal surface with a reaction. Elastic stain as a surrogate marker fo...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/59792650" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2fe7e53eaeffce463ef3b23fd4509b97" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73532231,"asset_id":59792650,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73532231/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="58895016" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FrankelWendy">Wendy Frankel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="58895016" type="text/json">{"id":58895016,"first_name":"Wendy","last_name":"Frankel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrankelWendy","display_name":"Wendy Frankel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FrankelWendy?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_59792650 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="59792650"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 59792650, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_59792650", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=59792650]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_59792650").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_59792650").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="59792650"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12069" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histology">Histology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12069" type="text/json">{"id":12069,"name":"Histology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14034" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Biochemistry">Clinical Biochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14034" type="text/json">{"id":14034,"name":"Clinical Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Biochemistry?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24731" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis">Apoptosis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24731" type="text/json">{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=59792650]'), work: {"id":59792650,"title":"Serosal surfaces, mucin pools, and deposits, oh my: challenges in staging colorectal carcinoma","created_at":"2021-10-24T05:55:52.846-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/59792650/Serosal_surfaces_mucin_pools_and_deposits_oh_my_challenges_in_staging_colorectal_carcinoma?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_59792650","summary":"Colorectal carcinoma is the third most common cancer in the United States. Proper and standardized pathologic staging is vital for prognostic assessment and impacts therapeutic decisions. The Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) staging system was developed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) to be a data-driven, evidence-based staging system providing an accurate prediction of outcome. The AJCC 7th edition (2010) included several changes clarifying some issues and leading to new controversies. We aim to address selected challenging issues in tumor T staging, neoadjuvant treatment effects in rectal cancer, and definition of lymph node vs tumor deposit. Serosal involvement in colorectal cancer is staged as T4, which is associated with decreased survival and may impact additional therapy decisions. Although careful sampling and sectioning are helpful, challenges remain in interpretation of tumor within 1 mm of serosal surface with a reaction. Elastic stain as a surrogate marker fo...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73532231,"asset_id":59792650,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":58895016,"first_name":"Wendy","last_name":"Frankel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrankelWendy","display_name":"Wendy Frankel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FrankelWendy?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":12069,"name":"Histology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":14034,"name":"Clinical Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Biochemistry?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":41839,"name":"Clinical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Chemistry?f_ri=165"},{"id":50991,"name":"Cytogenetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytogenetics?f_ri=165"},{"id":125569,"name":"Surgical Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgical_Pathology?f_ri=165"},{"id":1257712,"name":"Mucins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mucins?f_ri=165"},{"id":1745478,"name":"Adenocarcinoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adenocarcinoma?f_ri=165"},{"id":2440562,"name":"Colorectal Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colorectal_Neoplasms?f_ri=165"},{"id":3118074,"name":"Neoplasm staging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplasm_staging?f_ri=165"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=165"},{"id":3832565,"name":"Modern Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Pathology?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_54181287" data-work_id="54181287" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54181287/The_A8344G_mutation_in_mitochondrial_DNA_associated_with_stroke_like_episodes_and_gastrointestinal_dysfunction">The A8344G mutation in mitochondrial DNA associated with stroke-like episodes and gastrointestinal dysfunction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We report an unusual case of encephalo-entero-myopathy associated with the A8344G mutation in the tRNA(Lys) gene of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). This patient had mitochondrial myopathy, multiple lipomatosis, mild hearing loss, stroke-like... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_54181287" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We report an unusual case of encephalo-entero-myopathy associated with the A8344G mutation in the tRNA(Lys) gene of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). This patient had mitochondrial myopathy, multiple lipomatosis, mild hearing loss, stroke-like episodes, and paralytic ileus, but she lacked the canonical clinical features of MERRF, myoclonus, epilepsy, or ataxia. We conducted genetic, biochemical, histochemical, and immunohistochemical studies in skeletal muscle, brain, intestine, and lipoma tissue. The mutation was abundant in all tissues, and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity was selectively decreased in brain and small intestine. COX deficiency was also documented histochemically and immunohistochemically in the small intestine, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction played a role in the pathogenesis of paralytic ileus. This case illustrates an unusual and dramatic clinical phenotype of the A8344G mutation, characterized by stroke-like episodes and acute ileus.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/54181287" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6843ff5f357e0ec0ed4234355d4a530d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70671024,"asset_id":54181287,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70671024/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34405003" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JulioMontoya7">Julio Montoya</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34405003" type="text/json">{"id":34405003,"first_name":"Julio","last_name":"Montoya","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JulioMontoya7","display_name":"Julio Montoya","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JulioMontoya7?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_54181287 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="54181287"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 54181287, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_54181287", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=54181287]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_54181287").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_54181287").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="54181287"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2513" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology">Molecular Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2513" type="text/json">{"id":2513,"name":"Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=54181287]'), work: {"id":54181287,"title":"The A8344G mutation in mitochondrial DNA associated with stroke-like episodes and gastrointestinal dysfunction","created_at":"2021-09-30T00:29:02.207-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/54181287/The_A8344G_mutation_in_mitochondrial_DNA_associated_with_stroke_like_episodes_and_gastrointestinal_dysfunction?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_54181287","summary":"We report an unusual case of encephalo-entero-myopathy associated with the A8344G mutation in the tRNA(Lys) gene of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). This patient had mitochondrial myopathy, multiple lipomatosis, mild hearing loss, stroke-like episodes, and paralytic ileus, but she lacked the canonical clinical features of MERRF, myoclonus, epilepsy, or ataxia. We conducted genetic, biochemical, histochemical, and immunohistochemical studies in skeletal muscle, brain, intestine, and lipoma tissue. The mutation was abundant in all tissues, and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity was selectively decreased in brain and small intestine. COX deficiency was also documented histochemically and immunohistochemically in the small intestine, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction played a role in the pathogenesis of paralytic ileus. This case illustrates an unusual and dramatic clinical phenotype of the A8344G mutation, characterized by stroke-like episodes and acute ileus.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70671024,"asset_id":54181287,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34405003,"first_name":"Julio","last_name":"Montoya","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JulioMontoya7","display_name":"Julio Montoya","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JulioMontoya7?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":2513,"name":"Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":50991,"name":"Cytogenetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytogenetics?f_ri=165"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=165"},{"id":63093,"name":"Mitochondrial DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_DNA?f_ri=165"},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=165"},{"id":132510,"name":"Cytochrome c oxidase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytochrome_c_oxidase?f_ri=165"},{"id":180673,"name":"Hearing Loss","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hearing_Loss?f_ri=165"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=165"},{"id":280879,"name":"Mitochondrial dysfunction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_dysfunction?f_ri=165"},{"id":357849,"name":"Skeletal Muscle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_Muscle?f_ri=165"},{"id":426463,"name":"ACTA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ACTA?f_ri=165"},{"id":1024379,"name":"Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=165"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=165"},{"id":2430299,"name":"Gastrointestinal Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gastrointestinal_Diseases?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41019875" data-work_id="41019875" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41019875/PLEOMORPHIC_HYALINIZING_ANGIECTATIC_TUMOR_OF_THE_ABDOMINAL_WALL_A_CASE_REPORT_AND_REVIEW_OF_THE_LITERATURE">PLEOMORPHIC HYALINIZING ANGIECTATIC TUMOR OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Pleomorphic Hyalinizing Angiectatic Tumor (PHAT) is one of rare soft tissue tumors, which is recently described. It is considered as a tumor of uncertain lineage and intermediate malignancy. This tumor occurs in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41019875" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Pleomorphic Hyalinizing Angiectatic Tumor (PHAT) is one of rare soft tissue tumors, which is recently described. It is considered as a tumor of uncertain lineage and intermediate malignancy. This tumor occurs in adults as a slow growing subcutaneous mass and has a predilection for lower extremity, other locations are rarely reported. Here we report a case of PHAT arising primarily in the abdominal wall and review the literature. A 50-year-old male was referred to our hospital for evaluation of a slow growing mass since 6 years. A physical examination revealed a 10 x 7 cm large subcutaneous mass in the left region of the anterior abdominal wall. Radiologic explorations revealed oval mass, well-defined, predominantly cystic with a tissue component. Wide surgical excision of the mass was done and sent for histopathological evaluation, which confirmed the diagnosis of PHAT of the soft parts. Microscopically, the tumor was characterized by clusters of ectatic, fibrin-lined, thin-walled vessels. The cells were spindled to pleomorphic, mitotically inert and contained focally intracytoplasmic hemosiderin. They were surrounded by a neoplastic stroma that was fibrous and contained a variable inflammatory component. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells were positive for CD34, and negative for S-100 protein, smooth muscle actin and desmin. We present an extremely rare case of PHAT arising primarily in the abdominal wall, which is to our knowledge, the first case described. This tumor is usually diagnosed using histopathological and immuohistochemical analysis, thereby allowing the differentiation with other soft tissue tumors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41019875" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cd7875fcead00e3e7ee32bcd92a9e091" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61299865,"asset_id":41019875,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61299865/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="64447807" href="https://independent.academia.edu/hammoudas">Seifeddine Ben Hammouda</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="64447807" type="text/json">{"id":64447807,"first_name":"Seifeddine","last_name":"Ben Hammouda","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"hammoudas","display_name":"Seifeddine Ben Hammouda","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/hammoudas?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/64447807/23942228/22941706/s65_seif.hammouda.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41019875 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41019875"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41019875, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41019875", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41019875 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41019875; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41019875"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41019875 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41019875"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41019875; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41019875]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41019875").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41019875").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41019875"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="87472" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine_and_Surgery">Medicine and Surgery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="87472" type="text/json">{"id":87472,"name":"Medicine and Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine_and_Surgery?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="631028" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soft_Tissue">Soft Tissue</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="631028" type="text/json">{"id":631028,"name":"Soft Tissue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soft_Tissue?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41019875]'), work: {"id":41019875,"title":"PLEOMORPHIC HYALINIZING ANGIECTATIC TUMOR OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE","created_at":"2019-11-22T05:03:47.338-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41019875/PLEOMORPHIC_HYALINIZING_ANGIECTATIC_TUMOR_OF_THE_ABDOMINAL_WALL_A_CASE_REPORT_AND_REVIEW_OF_THE_LITERATURE?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_41019875","summary":"ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Pleomorphic Hyalinizing Angiectatic Tumor (PHAT) is one of rare soft tissue tumors, which is recently described. It is considered as a tumor of uncertain lineage and intermediate malignancy. This tumor occurs in adults as a slow growing subcutaneous mass and has a predilection for lower extremity, other locations are rarely reported. Here we report a case of PHAT arising primarily in the abdominal wall and review the literature. A 50-year-old male was referred to our hospital for evaluation of a slow growing mass since 6 years. A physical examination revealed a 10 x 7 cm large subcutaneous mass in the left region of the anterior abdominal wall. Radiologic explorations revealed oval mass, well-defined, predominantly cystic with a tissue component. Wide surgical excision of the mass was done and sent for histopathological evaluation, which confirmed the diagnosis of PHAT of the soft parts. Microscopically, the tumor was characterized by clusters of ectatic, fibrin-lined, thin-walled vessels. The cells were spindled to pleomorphic, mitotically inert and contained focally intracytoplasmic hemosiderin. They were surrounded by a neoplastic stroma that was fibrous and contained a variable inflammatory component. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells were positive for CD34, and negative for S-100 protein, smooth muscle actin and desmin. We present an extremely rare case of PHAT arising primarily in the abdominal wall, which is to our knowledge, the first case described. This tumor is usually diagnosed using histopathological and immuohistochemical analysis, thereby allowing the differentiation with other soft tissue tumors.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61299865,"asset_id":41019875,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":64447807,"first_name":"Seifeddine","last_name":"Ben Hammouda","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"hammoudas","display_name":"Seifeddine Ben Hammouda","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/hammoudas?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/64447807/23942228/22941706/s65_seif.hammouda.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":87472,"name":"Medicine and Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine_and_Surgery?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":631028,"name":"Soft Tissue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soft_Tissue?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32133131" data-work_id="32133131" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32133131/Calcifications_in_Ovary_and_Endometrium_and_Their_Neoplasms">Calcifications in Ovary and Endometrium and Their Neoplasms</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this study, we investigated the role of hormones in the pathogenesis of calcifications in ovary and in endometrium and their neoplasms of the gynecologic tract and assessed the anatomic location and incidence of these calcifications.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32133131" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this study, we investigated the role of hormones in the pathogenesis of calcifications in ovary and in endometrium and their neoplasms of the gynecologic tract and assessed the anatomic location and incidence of these calcifications. The study consists of three parts designed to investigate the pathogenesis, the location, and the incidence of calcifications in ovary and endometrium and their neoplasms. In the first part, 79 female guinea pigs were divided into 10 groups, and different hormones, given weekly for 12 months, were administered to the guinea pigs by group. A control group of 7 guinea pigs received sterile water. Calcifications developed in 5 of 7 guinea pigs treated with prolactin, 10 of 20 treated with human chorionic gonadotropin, 5 of 11 treated with estradiol, 3 of 7 treated with estrone, 1 of 6 treated with growth hormone, and 1 of 10 treated with testosterone; in 20 of the guinea pigs, the calcifications developed in the stroma of the endometrium, and in 5 guinea pigs, they developed in the ovary. The second part of the study consisted of an evaluation of the specific location of calcifications in 43 consecutive human surgical ovaries and endometria. Calcifications were seen only in the stroma in 100% of the ovarian serous adenofibroma specimens; in ovarian serous borderline neoplasms, the stroma contained 70 to 100% of the calcifications, and the epithelium had 0 to 30% of the calcifications. In ovarian serous carcinoma specimens, the calcifications were seen in the stroma in 50 to 60% of the cases, in the epithelium in 40% of the cases, and in areas of necrosis in 10% of the cases.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32133131" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="189990bc9f60854b2f923785f306e49d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52376071,"asset_id":32133131,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52376071/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="62225014" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelDeavers">Michael Deavers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="62225014" type="text/json">{"id":62225014,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Deavers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichaelDeavers","display_name":"Michael Deavers","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelDeavers?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32133131 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32133131"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32133131, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32133131", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32133131 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32133131; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32133131"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32133131 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32133131"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32133131; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32133131]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32133131").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32133131").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32133131"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12069" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histology">Histology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12069" type="text/json">{"id":12069,"name":"Histology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14034" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Biochemistry">Clinical Biochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14034" type="text/json">{"id":14034,"name":"Clinical Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Biochemistry?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24731" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis">Apoptosis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24731" type="text/json">{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32133131]'), work: {"id":32133131,"title":"Calcifications in Ovary and Endometrium and Their Neoplasms","created_at":"2017-03-29T19:37:43.951-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32133131/Calcifications_in_Ovary_and_Endometrium_and_Their_Neoplasms?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_32133131","summary":"In this study, we investigated the role of hormones in the pathogenesis of calcifications in ovary and in endometrium and their neoplasms of the gynecologic tract and assessed the anatomic location and incidence of these calcifications. The study consists of three parts designed to investigate the pathogenesis, the location, and the incidence of calcifications in ovary and endometrium and their neoplasms. In the first part, 79 female guinea pigs were divided into 10 groups, and different hormones, given weekly for 12 months, were administered to the guinea pigs by group. A control group of 7 guinea pigs received sterile water. Calcifications developed in 5 of 7 guinea pigs treated with prolactin, 10 of 20 treated with human chorionic gonadotropin, 5 of 11 treated with estradiol, 3 of 7 treated with estrone, 1 of 6 treated with growth hormone, and 1 of 10 treated with testosterone; in 20 of the guinea pigs, the calcifications developed in the stroma of the endometrium, and in 5 guinea pigs, they developed in the ovary. The second part of the study consisted of an evaluation of the specific location of calcifications in 43 consecutive human surgical ovaries and endometria. Calcifications were seen only in the stroma in 100% of the ovarian serous adenofibroma specimens; in ovarian serous borderline neoplasms, the stroma contained 70 to 100% of the calcifications, and the epithelium had 0 to 30% of the calcifications. In ovarian serous carcinoma specimens, the calcifications were seen in the stroma in 50 to 60% of the cases, in the epithelium in 40% of the cases, and in areas of necrosis in 10% of the cases.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52376071,"asset_id":32133131,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":62225014,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Deavers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MichaelDeavers","display_name":"Michael Deavers","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelDeavers?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":12069,"name":"Histology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":14034,"name":"Clinical Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Biochemistry?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":41839,"name":"Clinical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Chemistry?f_ri=165"},{"id":50991,"name":"Cytogenetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytogenetics?f_ri=165"},{"id":52562,"name":"Growth Hormone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Hormone?f_ri=165"},{"id":64657,"name":"Prolactin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prolactin?f_ri=165"},{"id":69056,"name":"Testosterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Testosterone?f_ri=165"},{"id":104853,"name":"Hormones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hormones?f_ri=165"},{"id":125569,"name":"Surgical Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgical_Pathology?f_ri=165"},{"id":151450,"name":"Modern","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern?f_ri=165"},{"id":177876,"name":"Sterilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sterilization?f_ri=165"},{"id":285789,"name":"Tamoxifen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tamoxifen?f_ri=165"},{"id":375133,"name":"Calcinosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcinosis?f_ri=165"},{"id":869175,"name":"Ovary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ovary?f_ri=165"},{"id":1246876,"name":"Endometrium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endometrium?f_ri=165"},{"id":1295208,"name":"Estradiol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estradiol?f_ri=165"},{"id":1512057,"name":"Dihydrotestosterone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dihydrotestosterone?f_ri=165"},{"id":1631043,"name":"Control Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Group?f_ri=165"},{"id":2444858,"name":"estrone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/estrone?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4300777" data-work_id="4300777" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4300777/Reevaluation_of_duodenal_endoscopic_markers_in_the_diagnosis_of_celiac_disease">Reevaluation of duodenal endoscopic markers in the diagnosis of celiac disease</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4300777" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6fa20e326584cbed26733203e9b19649" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49953345,"asset_id":4300777,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49953345/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5230117" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BIANCHIPAOLO">PAOLO BIANCHI</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5230117" type="text/json">{"id":5230117,"first_name":"PAOLO","last_name":"BIANCHI","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BIANCHIPAOLO","display_name":"PAOLO BIANCHI","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BIANCHIPAOLO?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4300777 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4300777"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4300777, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4300777", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4300777 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4300777; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4300777"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4300777 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4300777"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4300777; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4300777]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4300777").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4300777").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4300777"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62112" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies">Prospective studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62112" type="text/json">{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71668" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celiac_Disease">Celiac Disease</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="71668" type="text/json">{"id":71668,"name":"Celiac Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celiac_Disease?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4300777]'), work: {"id":4300777,"title":"Reevaluation of duodenal endoscopic markers in the diagnosis of celiac disease","created_at":"2013-08-22T06:24:53.234-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4300777/Reevaluation_of_duodenal_endoscopic_markers_in_the_diagnosis_of_celiac_disease?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_4300777","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49953345,"asset_id":4300777,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5230117,"first_name":"PAOLO","last_name":"BIANCHI","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BIANCHIPAOLO","display_name":"PAOLO BIANCHI","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BIANCHIPAOLO?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":71668,"name":"Celiac Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Celiac_Disease?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":138995,"name":"Dyspepsia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dyspepsia?f_ri=165"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=165"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=165"},{"id":343756,"name":"Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gastrointestinal_Endoscopy?f_ri=165"},{"id":401586,"name":"Gastrointestinal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gastrointestinal?f_ri=165"},{"id":718203,"name":"Population Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Study?f_ri=165"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=165"},{"id":1312754,"name":"Prospective Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_Study?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28538296" data-work_id="28538296" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28538296/Selective_analysis_of_the_sentinel_node_in_breast_cancer">Selective analysis of the sentinel node in breast cancer</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: This study was designed to determine the minimum number of sentinel nodes necessary to accurately stage patients with breast cancer. Methods: Between August 1997 and February 2001, 509 consecutive patients were enrolled in a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28538296" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: This study was designed to determine the minimum number of sentinel nodes necessary to accurately stage patients with breast cancer. Methods: Between August 1997 and February 2001, 509 consecutive patients were enrolled in a prospective sentinel node database. Nodes were characterized as either blue or hot (Ͼ2 times background), or both, and ranked based on the order harvested. Predictive value of the sentinel node based on these characteristics was evaluated to determine the minimum number necessary to stage the basin. Results: In all, 990 sentinel nodes were harvested from 465 basins. Pathologic stage in 126 of 128 positive basins was predicted by the first or second node harvested. The remaining 2 patients were positive by immunohistochemistry only. The hottest node predicted the status in 114 of 128 basins.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28538296" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="98436166427d0fdbd67d078ed4495d3c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48889734,"asset_id":28538296,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48889734/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="53521700" href="https://unmc.academia.edu/ShahabAbdessalam">Shahab Abdessalam</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="53521700" type="text/json">{"id":53521700,"first_name":"Shahab","last_name":"Abdessalam","domain_name":"unmc","page_name":"ShahabAbdessalam","display_name":"Shahab Abdessalam","profile_url":"https://unmc.academia.edu/ShahabAbdessalam?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28538296 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28538296"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28538296, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28538296", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28538296 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28538296; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28538296"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28538296 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28538296"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28538296; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28538296]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28538296").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28538296").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28538296"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer">Breast Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6802" type="text/json">{"id":6802,"name":"Breast Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10194" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Localization">Localization</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10194" type="text/json">{"id":10194,"name":"Localization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Localization?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28538296]'), work: {"id":28538296,"title":"Selective analysis of the sentinel node in breast cancer","created_at":"2016-09-16T11:16:13.986-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28538296/Selective_analysis_of_the_sentinel_node_in_breast_cancer?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_28538296","summary":"Background: This study was designed to determine the minimum number of sentinel nodes necessary to accurately stage patients with breast cancer. Methods: Between August 1997 and February 2001, 509 consecutive patients were enrolled in a prospective sentinel node database. Nodes were characterized as either blue or hot (Ͼ2 times background), or both, and ranked based on the order harvested. Predictive value of the sentinel node based on these characteristics was evaluated to determine the minimum number necessary to stage the basin. Results: In all, 990 sentinel nodes were harvested from 465 basins. Pathologic stage in 126 of 128 positive basins was predicted by the first or second node harvested. The remaining 2 patients were positive by immunohistochemistry only. The hottest node predicted the status in 114 of 128 basins.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48889734,"asset_id":28538296,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":53521700,"first_name":"Shahab","last_name":"Abdessalam","domain_name":"unmc","page_name":"ShahabAbdessalam","display_name":"Shahab Abdessalam","profile_url":"https://unmc.academia.edu/ShahabAbdessalam?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":6802,"name":"Breast Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":10194,"name":"Localization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Localization?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":37434,"name":"Quantitative analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_analysis?f_ri=165"},{"id":121939,"name":"Technique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technique?f_ri=165"},{"id":123472,"name":"Exploration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exploration?f_ri=165"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=165"},{"id":641216,"name":"Quantitative Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_Analysis-1?f_ri=165"},{"id":869590,"name":"Sentinel Node Biopsy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sentinel_Node_Biopsy?f_ri=165"},{"id":1479202,"name":"Lymphatic System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lymphatic_System?f_ri=165"},{"id":1863718,"name":"The American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_American?f_ri=165"},{"id":2079216,"name":"Lymph nodes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lymph_nodes?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28232648" data-work_id="28232648" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28232648/Menstrual_cycle_dependent_expression_of_CD44_in_normal_human_endometrium">Menstrual cycle dependent expression of CD44 in normal human endometrium</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">CD44 is a cell surface glycoprotein known to be a hyaluronate receptor, which functions in lymphocyte homing and cancer metastasis. We have previously shown that CD44 molecules are expressed in normal endometrial tissue. In this study we... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28232648" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">CD44 is a cell surface glycoprotein known to be a hyaluronate receptor, which functions in lymphocyte homing and cancer metastasis. We have previously shown that CD44 molecules are expressed in normal endometrial tissue. In this study we immunohistochemically examined expression of CD44 glycoproteins in normal human endometrial tissue to gain insight into roles of CD44 molecules. No expression of the CD44 standard form was observed with 11 endometria in the proliferative phase. On the contrary, 13 of 19 secretory phase endometria were stained intensely by anti-CD44 standard form anti-body; all CD44-positive cases were in the mid and late secretory phases. Among the 13 CD44-positive endometria, four also were positive for the CD44 variant with exon v6. CD44 molecules were present at all but the luminal cell surfaces. These results indicate that expression of CD44 depends on menstrual cycle, suggesting that CD44 molecules might be involved in implantation of fertilized ovum in endomet...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28232648" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="77c03b38705fc8e1303f2cb6d0ac45f5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48550454,"asset_id":28232648,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48550454/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52912982" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MisuzuNakamura">Misuzu Nakamura</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52912982" type="text/json">{"id":52912982,"first_name":"Misuzu","last_name":"Nakamura","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MisuzuNakamura","display_name":"Misuzu Nakamura","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MisuzuNakamura?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28232648 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28232648"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28232648, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28232648", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28232648 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28232648; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28232648"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28232648 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28232648"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28232648; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28232648]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28232648").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28232648").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28232648"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="167" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology">Physiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="167" type="text/json">{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27784" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression">Gene expression</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27784" type="text/json">{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28232648]'), work: {"id":28232648,"title":"Menstrual cycle dependent expression of CD44 in normal human endometrium","created_at":"2016-09-03T19:04:36.775-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28232648/Menstrual_cycle_dependent_expression_of_CD44_in_normal_human_endometrium?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_28232648","summary":"CD44 is a cell surface glycoprotein known to be a hyaluronate receptor, which functions in lymphocyte homing and cancer metastasis. We have previously shown that CD44 molecules are expressed in normal endometrial tissue. In this study we immunohistochemically examined expression of CD44 glycoproteins in normal human endometrial tissue to gain insight into roles of CD44 molecules. No expression of the CD44 standard form was observed with 11 endometria in the proliferative phase. On the contrary, 13 of 19 secretory phase endometria were stained intensely by anti-CD44 standard form anti-body; all CD44-positive cases were in the mid and late secretory phases. Among the 13 CD44-positive endometria, four also were positive for the CD44 variant with exon v6. CD44 molecules were present at all but the luminal cell surfaces. These results indicate that expression of CD44 depends on menstrual cycle, suggesting that CD44 molecules might be involved in implantation of fertilized ovum in endomet...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48550454,"asset_id":28232648,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52912982,"first_name":"Misuzu","last_name":"Nakamura","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MisuzuNakamura","display_name":"Misuzu Nakamura","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MisuzuNakamura?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":27784,"name":"Gene expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":126972,"name":"P-glycoprotein","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/P-glycoprotein?f_ri=165"},{"id":147196,"name":"Monoclonal Antibodies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monoclonal_Antibodies?f_ri=165"},{"id":182850,"name":"Menstrual Cycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Menstrual_Cycle?f_ri=165"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=165"},{"id":467234,"name":"PBS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PBS?f_ri=165"},{"id":577933,"name":"Genetic variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_variation?f_ri=165"},{"id":674257,"name":"Human Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Pathology?f_ri=165"},{"id":1078292,"name":"Cell Surface Markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Surface_Markers?f_ri=165"},{"id":1246876,"name":"Endometrium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endometrium?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13345156" data-work_id="13345156" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13345156/A_note_on_the_stability_and_discriminability_of_graph_based_features_for_classification_problems_in_digital_pathology">A note on the stability and discriminability of graph-based features for classification problems in digital pathology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Nuclear architecture or the spatial arrangement of individual cancer nuclei on histopathology images has been shown to be associated with different grades and differential risk for a number of solid tumors such as breast, prostate, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13345156" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Nuclear architecture or the spatial arrangement of individual cancer nuclei on histopathology images has been shown to be associated with different grades and differential risk for a number of solid tumors such as breast, prostate, and oropharyngeal. Graph-based representations of individual nuclei (nuclei representing the graph nodes) allows for mining of quantitative metrics to describe tumor morphology. These graph features can be broadly categorized into global and local depending on the type of graph construction method. While a number of local graph (e.g. Cell Cluster Graphs) and global graph (e.g. Voronoi, Delaunay Triangulation, Minimum Spanning Tree) features have been shown to associated with cancer grade, risk, and outcome for different cancer types, the sensitivity of the preceding segmentation algorithms in identifying individual nuclei can have a significant bearing on the discriminability of the resultant features. This therefore begs the question as to which features while being discriminative of cancer grade and aggressiveness are also the most resilient to the segmentation errors. These properties are particularly desirable in the context of digital pathology images, where the method of slide preparation, staining, and type of nuclear segmentation algorithm employed can all dramatically affect the quality of the nuclear graphs and corresponding features. In this paper we evaluated the trade off between discriminability and stability of both global and local graph-based features in conjunction with a few different segmentation algorithms and in the context of two different histopathology image datasets of breast cancer from whole-slide images (WSI) and tissue microarrays (TMA). Specifically in this paper we investigate a few different performance measures including stability, discriminability and stability vs discriminability trade off, all of which are based on p-values from the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance for local and global graph features. Apart from identifying the set of local and global features that satisfied the trade off between stability and discriminability, our most interesting finding was that a simple segmentation method was sufficient to identify the most discriminant features for invasive tumour detection in TMAs, whereas for tumour grading in WSI, the graph based features were more sensitive to the accuracy of the segmentation algorithm employed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13345156" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e42cd0b881d9a2f7c21e54824e237944" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45445000,"asset_id":13345156,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45445000/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32582579" href="https://case.academia.edu/AnantMadabhushi">Anant Madabhushi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32582579" type="text/json">{"id":32582579,"first_name":"Anant","last_name":"Madabhushi","domain_name":"case","page_name":"AnantMadabhushi","display_name":"Anant Madabhushi","profile_url":"https://case.academia.edu/AnantMadabhushi?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32582579/9734438/10843465/s65_anant.madabhushi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13345156 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13345156"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13345156, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13345156", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13345156]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13345156").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13345156").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13345156"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms">Algorithms</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="428" type="text/json">{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6021" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer">Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6021" type="text/json">{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18496" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mining">Mining</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18496" type="text/json">{"id":18496,"name":"Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mining?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13345156]'), work: {"id":13345156,"title":"A note on the stability and discriminability of graph-based features for classification problems in digital pathology","created_at":"2015-06-27T04:56:15.418-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13345156/A_note_on_the_stability_and_discriminability_of_graph_based_features_for_classification_problems_in_digital_pathology?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_13345156","summary":"Nuclear architecture or the spatial arrangement of individual cancer nuclei on histopathology images has been shown to be associated with different grades and differential risk for a number of solid tumors such as breast, prostate, and oropharyngeal. Graph-based representations of individual nuclei (nuclei representing the graph nodes) allows for mining of quantitative metrics to describe tumor morphology. These graph features can be broadly categorized into global and local depending on the type of graph construction method. While a number of local graph (e.g. Cell Cluster Graphs) and global graph (e.g. Voronoi, Delaunay Triangulation, Minimum Spanning Tree) features have been shown to associated with cancer grade, risk, and outcome for different cancer types, the sensitivity of the preceding segmentation algorithms in identifying individual nuclei can have a significant bearing on the discriminability of the resultant features. This therefore begs the question as to which features while being discriminative of cancer grade and aggressiveness are also the most resilient to the segmentation errors. These properties are particularly desirable in the context of digital pathology images, where the method of slide preparation, staining, and type of nuclear segmentation algorithm employed can all dramatically affect the quality of the nuclear graphs and corresponding features. In this paper we evaluated the trade off between discriminability and stability of both global and local graph-based features in conjunction with a few different segmentation algorithms and in the context of two different histopathology image datasets of breast cancer from whole-slide images (WSI) and tissue microarrays (TMA). Specifically in this paper we investigate a few different performance measures including stability, discriminability and stability vs discriminability trade off, all of which are based on p-values from the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance for local and global graph features. Apart from identifying the set of local and global features that satisfied the trade off between stability and discriminability, our most interesting finding was that a simple segmentation method was sufficient to identify the most discriminant features for invasive tumour detection in TMAs, whereas for tumour grading in WSI, the graph based features were more sensitive to the accuracy of the segmentation algorithm employed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45445000,"asset_id":13345156,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32582579,"first_name":"Anant","last_name":"Madabhushi","domain_name":"case","page_name":"AnantMadabhushi","display_name":"Anant Madabhushi","profile_url":"https://case.academia.edu/AnantMadabhushi?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32582579/9734438/10843465/s65_anant.madabhushi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":18496,"name":"Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mining?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":26870,"name":"Image segmentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_segmentation?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24340709" data-work_id="24340709" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24340709/Ethylnitrosourea_induced_apoptosis_in_primordial_germ_cells_of_the_rat_fetus">Ethylnitrosourea-induced apoptosis in primordial germ cells of the rat fetus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ethylnitrosourea (ENU) is a simple alkylating agent. It induces gene mutations in fetal primordial germ cells (PGCs), and a high incidence of congenital malformations is also found in the offspring of male mice treated with ENU at the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24340709" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ethylnitrosourea (ENU) is a simple alkylating agent. It induces gene mutations in fetal primordial germ cells (PGCs), and a high incidence of congenital malformations is also found in the offspring of male mice treated with ENU at the embryonic stage. It is also reported that decreases in the fertility rate and weights of the testis and ovary were found in the offspring from dams treated with ENU. In this study, we analyzed the occurrence of apoptotic cell death and the expression of p53 protein which is thought to play an important role in the DNA damage-induced apoptosis after administration of ENU to pregnant rats on day 13 of gestation to obtain a clue for clarifying the toxic effect of ENU on PGCs. Apoptotic cells increased in PGCs in fetal gonads from 3 h after treatment. The number of apoptotic PGCs peaked at 6 h and gradually decreased towards 24 h after treatment. On the other hand, p53-positive PGCs increased from 1 h after treatment, prior to the induction of apoptosis. The number of p53-positive PGCs peaked at 3 h and returned to the control level at 24 h after treatment. These results suggest that ENU induces apoptosis in rat fetal PGCs immediately after its administration to dams and excess cell death by apoptosis may have a close relation to the later occurrence of decreases in the fertility rate and gonadal weight. Moreover, a possible involvement of p53 is suggested in the ENU-induced apoptosis in PGCs. Exp</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24340709" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="858506265753da01bf59b833c9cfdd6d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44675783,"asset_id":24340709,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44675783/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46931902" href="https://u-tokyo.academia.edu/KeiichiKatayama">Kei-ichi Katayama</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46931902" type="text/json">{"id":46931902,"first_name":"Kei-ichi","last_name":"Katayama","domain_name":"u-tokyo","page_name":"KeiichiKatayama","display_name":"Kei-ichi Katayama","profile_url":"https://u-tokyo.academia.edu/KeiichiKatayama?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24340709 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24340709"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24340709, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24340709", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24340709]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24340709").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24340709").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24340709"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy">Electron Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2184" type="text/json">{"id":2184,"name":"Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2513" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology">Molecular Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2513" type="text/json">{"id":2513,"name":"Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24340709]'), work: {"id":24340709,"title":"Ethylnitrosourea-induced apoptosis in primordial germ cells of the rat fetus","created_at":"2016-04-12T17:35:28.889-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24340709/Ethylnitrosourea_induced_apoptosis_in_primordial_germ_cells_of_the_rat_fetus?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_24340709","summary":"Ethylnitrosourea (ENU) is a simple alkylating agent. It induces gene mutations in fetal primordial germ cells (PGCs), and a high incidence of congenital malformations is also found in the offspring of male mice treated with ENU at the embryonic stage. It is also reported that decreases in the fertility rate and weights of the testis and ovary were found in the offspring from dams treated with ENU. In this study, we analyzed the occurrence of apoptotic cell death and the expression of p53 protein which is thought to play an important role in the DNA damage-induced apoptosis after administration of ENU to pregnant rats on day 13 of gestation to obtain a clue for clarifying the toxic effect of ENU on PGCs. Apoptotic cells increased in PGCs in fetal gonads from 3 h after treatment. The number of apoptotic PGCs peaked at 6 h and gradually decreased towards 24 h after treatment. On the other hand, p53-positive PGCs increased from 1 h after treatment, prior to the induction of apoptosis. The number of p53-positive PGCs peaked at 3 h and returned to the control level at 24 h after treatment. These results suggest that ENU induces apoptosis in rat fetal PGCs immediately after its administration to dams and excess cell death by apoptosis may have a close relation to the later occurrence of decreases in the fertility rate and gonadal weight. Moreover, a possible involvement of p53 is suggested in the ENU-induced apoptosis in PGCs. Exp","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44675783,"asset_id":24340709,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46931902,"first_name":"Kei-ichi","last_name":"Katayama","domain_name":"u-tokyo","page_name":"KeiichiKatayama","display_name":"Kei-ichi Katayama","profile_url":"https://u-tokyo.academia.edu/KeiichiKatayama?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":2184,"name":"Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":2513,"name":"Molecular Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Biology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":19536,"name":"Morphometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphometry?f_ri=165"},{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=165"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=165"},{"id":66130,"name":"Germ Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Germ_Cells?f_ri=165"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=165"},{"id":288801,"name":"Apoptose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptose?f_ri=165"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=165"},{"id":377395,"name":"Foetus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foetus?f_ri=165"},{"id":417494,"name":"Rat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rat?f_ri=165"},{"id":770944,"name":"Fetus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fetus?f_ri=165"},{"id":1386616,"name":"Gonads","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gonads?f_ri=165"},{"id":2256666,"name":"DNA fragmentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_fragmentation?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3857645" data-work_id="3857645" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3857645/Characteristics_of_Synchronous_and_Metachronous_Type_Multiple_Primary_Neoplasms_A_Study_of_Hospital_Based_Cancer_Registry_in_Turkey">Characteristics of Synchronous- and Metachronous-Type Multiple Primary Neoplasms: A Study of Hospital-Based Cancer Registry in Turkey</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3857645" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div 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Çallı</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3961886" type="text/json">{"id":3961886,"first_name":"Aylin","last_name":"Orgen Çallı","domain_name":"ikc","page_name":"AylinOrgenÇallı","display_name":"Aylin Orgen Çallı","profile_url":"https://ikc.academia.edu/AylinOrgen%C3%87all%C4%B1?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3961886/1488225/1814357/s65_aylin.orgen_all_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3857645 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3857645"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3857645, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3857645", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3857645 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Behavior">Organizational Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="32" type="text/json">{"id":32,"name":"Organizational Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Behavior?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems">Information Systems</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37" type="text/json">{"id":37,"name":"Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Administration">Business Administration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="45" type="text/json">{"id":45,"name":"Business 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u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72357052/On_Image_Registration_In_Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">On Image Registration In Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Image registration is used in many fields for mapping one image to another. In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ap-plications, one of the main uses is for correction of motion-induced artifacts so that subsequent image analysis would be... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72357052" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Image registration is used in many fields for mapping one image to another. In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ap-plications, one of the main uses is for correction of motion-induced artifacts so that subsequent image analysis would be more reliable. This paper gives an ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72357052" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2480389adc6cc563ef47b92f35ec015c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81314952,"asset_id":72357052,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81314952/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="199812118" href="https://independent.academia.edu/tramnguyen847">tram nguyen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="199812118" type="text/json">{"id":199812118,"first_name":"tram","last_name":"nguyen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"tramnguyen847","display_name":"tram nguyen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/tramnguyen847?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/199812118/61442135/49719222/s65_tram.nguyen.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72357052 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72357052"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72357052, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72357052", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72357052 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72357052; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_72357052"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_72357052 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72357052"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72357052; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72357052]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72357052").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72357052").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72357052"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="422" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="422" type="text/json">{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8928" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI">MRI</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8928" type="text/json">{"id":8928,"name":"MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72357052]'), work: {"id":72357052,"title":"On Image Registration In Magnetic Resonance Imaging","created_at":"2022-02-23T16:29:08.842-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72357052/On_Image_Registration_In_Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_72357052","summary":"Image registration is used in many fields for mapping one image to another. In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ap-plications, one of the main uses is for correction of motion-induced artifacts so that subsequent image analysis would be more reliable. This paper gives an ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81314952,"asset_id":72357052,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":199812118,"first_name":"tram","last_name":"nguyen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"tramnguyen847","display_name":"tram nguyen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/tramnguyen847?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/199812118/61442135/49719222/s65_tram.nguyen.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":8928,"name":"MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MRI?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":9224,"name":"Functional MRI","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_MRI?f_ri=165"},{"id":9351,"name":"Image Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Analysis?f_ri=165"},{"id":29731,"name":"Image Registration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Registration?f_ri=165"},{"id":102218,"name":"Image Restoration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Restoration?f_ri=165"},{"id":159012,"name":"Radio Frequency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radio_Frequency?f_ri=165"},{"id":416294,"name":"Magnetic Fields","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Fields?f_ri=165"},{"id":765332,"name":"Transformations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transformations?f_ri=165"},{"id":2439414,"name":"Magnetic resonance image","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_resonance_image?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13791359" data-work_id="13791359" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13791359/Usual_ductal_hyperplasia_of_the_breast_is_a_committed_stem_progenitor_cell_lesion_distinct_from_atypical_ductal_hyperplasia_and_ductal_carcinomain_situ">Usual ductal hyperplasia of the breast is a committed stem (progenitor) cell lesion distinct from atypical ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinomain situ</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Current classification systems in proliferative mammary gland pathology are based on a two-cell system, recognizing only glandular and myoepithelial lines of differentiation. A third cell type has recently been characterized in normal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13791359" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Current classification systems in proliferative mammary gland pathology are based on a two-cell system, recognizing only glandular and myoepithelial lines of differentiation. A third cell type has recently been characterized in normal breast tissue by doubleimmunofluorescence analysis to express cytokeratin 5 (Ck5) only. These cells were shown to represent progenitor or adult stem cells that give rise to the glandular and myoepithelial cell lineage. The double-labelling technique has been applied to characterize a spectrum of intraductal epithelial proliferations, namely benign usual ductal hyperplasia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, and ductal carcinoma in situ, all of which are thought to represent the gradual steps of a sequence in the development of breast cancer. Immunofluorescence studies with specific antibodies against Ck5, Ck8/18/19, and smooth muscle actin were complemented by western blotting analysis of Ck5 and Ck8/18/19 expression in normal breast tissue and in proliferative lesions. Usual ductal hyperplasia appears to be a Ck5positive committed stem (progenitor) cell lesion with the same differentiation potential as seen in the normal breast. This is in sharp contrast to atypical ductal hyperplasia/ductal carcinoma in situ, which display the differentiated glandular immunophenotype (Ck8/18/19positive, but Ck5-negative). These data require the abandonment of the idea of an obligate biological continuum of intraductal proliferations from benign to malignant. This study provides evidence that cells undergoing malignant transformation tend to be fairly advanced in the glandular lineage of differentiation. The committed stem (progenitor) cell model may contribute to a better understanding of both benign proliferative breast disease and breast cancer development.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13791359" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="846e3a2edd76a52af68c8393e099008d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44944749,"asset_id":13791359,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44944749/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32895558" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IgorBuchwalow">Igor Buchwalow</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32895558" type="text/json">{"id":32895558,"first_name":"Igor","last_name":"Buchwalow","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IgorBuchwalow","display_name":"Igor Buchwalow","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IgorBuchwalow?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13791359 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13791359"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13791359, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13791359", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13791359 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13791359; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13791359"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13791359 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13791359"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13791359; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13791359]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13791359").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13791359").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13791359"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3642" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stem_Cells">Stem Cells</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3642" type="text/json">{"id":3642,"name":"Stem Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stem_Cells?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37834" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting">Western blotting</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37834" type="text/json">{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60436" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Differentiation">Cell Differentiation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="60436" type="text/json">{"id":60436,"name":"Cell Differentiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Differentiation?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13791359]'), work: {"id":13791359,"title":"Usual ductal hyperplasia of the breast is a committed stem (progenitor) cell lesion distinct from atypical ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinomain situ","created_at":"2015-07-08T03:02:37.712-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13791359/Usual_ductal_hyperplasia_of_the_breast_is_a_committed_stem_progenitor_cell_lesion_distinct_from_atypical_ductal_hyperplasia_and_ductal_carcinomain_situ?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_13791359","summary":"Current classification systems in proliferative mammary gland pathology are based on a two-cell system, recognizing only glandular and myoepithelial lines of differentiation. A third cell type has recently been characterized in normal breast tissue by doubleimmunofluorescence analysis to express cytokeratin 5 (Ck5) only. These cells were shown to represent progenitor or adult stem cells that give rise to the glandular and myoepithelial cell lineage. The double-labelling technique has been applied to characterize a spectrum of intraductal epithelial proliferations, namely benign usual ductal hyperplasia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, and ductal carcinoma in situ, all of which are thought to represent the gradual steps of a sequence in the development of breast cancer. Immunofluorescence studies with specific antibodies against Ck5, Ck8/18/19, and smooth muscle actin were complemented by western blotting analysis of Ck5 and Ck8/18/19 expression in normal breast tissue and in proliferative lesions. Usual ductal hyperplasia appears to be a Ck5positive committed stem (progenitor) cell lesion with the same differentiation potential as seen in the normal breast. This is in sharp contrast to atypical ductal hyperplasia/ductal carcinoma in situ, which display the differentiated glandular immunophenotype (Ck8/18/19positive, but Ck5-negative). These data require the abandonment of the idea of an obligate biological continuum of intraductal proliferations from benign to malignant. This study provides evidence that cells undergoing malignant transformation tend to be fairly advanced in the glandular lineage of differentiation. The committed stem (progenitor) cell model may contribute to a better understanding of both benign proliferative breast disease and breast cancer development.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44944749,"asset_id":13791359,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32895558,"first_name":"Igor","last_name":"Buchwalow","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IgorBuchwalow","display_name":"Igor Buchwalow","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IgorBuchwalow?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":3642,"name":"Stem Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stem_Cells?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":37834,"name":"Western blotting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_blotting?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":60436,"name":"Cell Differentiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Differentiation?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":161176,"name":"The","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The?f_ri=165"},{"id":176895,"name":"Breast","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast?f_ri=165"},{"id":176968,"name":"Hyperplasia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hyperplasia?f_ri=165"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=165"},{"id":584615,"name":"Disease Progression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Progression?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75325032" data-work_id="75325032" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75325032/Parenchymal_and_Vascular_Lesions_in_Ageing_Equine_Brains_Histological_and_Immunohistochemical_Studies">Parenchymal and Vascular Lesions in Ageing Equine Brains: Histological and Immunohistochemical Studies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Many age-related changes are described in the nervous system of different species, but detailed studies of brain lesions in ageing horses are lacking. The aim of the present study was to systematically characterize lesions in the brains... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75325032" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Many age-related changes are described in the nervous system of different species, but detailed studies of brain lesions in ageing horses are lacking. The aim of the present study was to systematically characterize lesions in the brains of 60 horses aged from 7 to 23 years. No gross changes were present in any brain. Microscopically, spongiform changes, lipofuscin storage, corpora amylacea, gliosis and satellitosis were common, together with axonal and neuronal swellings. The most important findings were the presence of pseudocalciumecalcium (pCaeCa) deposits and arterial wall degeneration. Scanning electron microscopical examination of two cases with vascular mineralization revealed marked deposition of an amorphous substance in the vessel walls that was probably formed by a polyanionic protein matrix and a mineral component. Immunohistochemically, numerous axonal spheroids were positively labelled for ubiquitin. No PrPsc was detected in sections with neuronal vacuolation. Neuronal swelling, corpora amylacea, hippocampal Tau-positive neurons and methenamine-pos-itive diffuse (preamyloid) plaques were also detected. Congo red staining failed to detect amyloid deposition. The characterization of age-related lesions in the brains of these horses will allow these changes to be discriminated from pathological processes in future studies. Some lesions described here, including some vascular changes, the presence of diffuse plaques and tau accumulation in hippocampal neurons, have not been described previously in the horse.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75325032" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f3ecbfaeb03b936a15ebb2c9b9b23d57" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83138726,"asset_id":75325032,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83138726/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31869078" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MCapucchio">M. Capucchio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31869078" type="text/json">{"id":31869078,"first_name":"M.","last_name":"Capucchio","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MCapucchio","display_name":"M. Capucchio","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MCapucchio?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75325032 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75325032"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75325032, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75325032", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_75325032 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75325032; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_75325032"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_75325032 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75325032"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75325032; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75325032]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75325032").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75325032").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75325032"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6791" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging">Aging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6791" type="text/json">{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10655" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy">Scanning Electron Microscopy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10655" type="text/json">{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75325032]'), work: {"id":75325032,"title":"Parenchymal and Vascular Lesions in Ageing Equine Brains: Histological and Immunohistochemical Studies","created_at":"2022-04-03T08:49:44.515-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75325032/Parenchymal_and_Vascular_Lesions_in_Ageing_Equine_Brains_Histological_and_Immunohistochemical_Studies?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_75325032","summary":"Many age-related changes are described in the nervous system of different species, but detailed studies of brain lesions in ageing horses are lacking. The aim of the present study was to systematically characterize lesions in the brains of 60 horses aged from 7 to 23 years. No gross changes were present in any brain. Microscopically, spongiform changes, lipofuscin storage, corpora amylacea, gliosis and satellitosis were common, together with axonal and neuronal swellings. The most important findings were the presence of pseudocalciumecalcium (pCaeCa) deposits and arterial wall degeneration. Scanning electron microscopical examination of two cases with vascular mineralization revealed marked deposition of an amorphous substance in the vessel walls that was probably formed by a polyanionic protein matrix and a mineral component. Immunohistochemically, numerous axonal spheroids were positively labelled for ubiquitin. No PrPsc was detected in sections with neuronal vacuolation. Neuronal swelling, corpora amylacea, hippocampal Tau-positive neurons and methenamine-pos-itive diffuse (preamyloid) plaques were also detected. Congo red staining failed to detect amyloid deposition. The characterization of age-related lesions in the brains of these horses will allow these changes to be discriminated from pathological processes in future studies. Some lesions described here, including some vascular changes, the presence of diffuse plaques and tau accumulation in hippocampal neurons, have not been described previously in the horse.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83138726,"asset_id":75325032,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31869078,"first_name":"M.","last_name":"Capucchio","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MCapucchio","display_name":"M. Capucchio","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MCapucchio?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=165"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=165"},{"id":33208,"name":"Comparative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative?f_ri=165"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=165"},{"id":168196,"name":"Horses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horses?f_ri=165"},{"id":557543,"name":"Blood Vessels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Vessels?f_ri=165"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64720235" data-work_id="64720235" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64720235/CXCR4_and_cancer_CXCR4_and_cancer">CXCR4 and cancer: CXCR4 and cancer</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The chemokine receptor CXCR4 belongs to the large superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors, and is directly involved in a number of biological processes including organogenesis, hematopoiesis, and immunity. Recent evidence has... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64720235" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The chemokine receptor CXCR4 belongs to the large superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors, and is directly involved in a number of biological processes including organogenesis, hematopoiesis, and immunity. Recent evidence has highlighted the role of CXCR4 in a variety of diseases including cancer and WHIM syndrome. Expression of CXCR4 in cancer metastasis appears to be due to dysregulation of the receptor leading to enhanced signaling. CXCR4 was also found to be a prognostic marker in various types of cancer including leukemia and breast cancer. These observations reveal that CXCR4 is an important molecule involved in several aspects of cancer progression. The SDF-1-CXCR4 axis is also involved in normal stem cell homing. Interestingly, cancer stem cells also express CXCR4 suggesting that the SDF-1-CXCR4 axis directs their trafficking/metastasis to organs that highly express SDF-1 such as the lymph nodes, lungs, liver, and bones. Here, we review what is currently known regarding the regulation of CXCR4 and how dysregulation contributes to disease progression. The Chemokine Receptor CXCR4 and Cancer The human chemokine system currently includes more than 40 chemokines and 18 chemokine receptors (Table 1). Chemokine receptors are defined by their ability to induce directional migration of cells toward a gradient of a chemotactic cytokine (chemotaxis). Chemokine receptors belong to a family of 7 transmembrane domain, G-protein-coupled cell surface receptors (GPCR) and the ligands are classified into four groups (CXC, CC, C, and CX 3 C) based on the position of the first two cysteines [1, 2]. Chemokine receptors are present on many different cell types. Initially, these receptors were identified on</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64720235" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="32e7dccc894b170c3a7b324360ff9d56" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76626820,"asset_id":64720235,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76626820/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37299414" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ahmedmohamed365">Ahmed Marouf</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37299414" type="text/json">{"id":37299414,"first_name":"Ahmed","last_name":"Marouf","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ahmedmohamed365","display_name":"Ahmed Marouf","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ahmedmohamed365?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37299414/106413265/101500661/s65_ahmed.marouf.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64720235 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64720235"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64720235, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64720235", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_64720235 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64720235; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_64720235"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_64720235 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64720235"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64720235; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64720235]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_64720235").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_64720235").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="64720235"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6021" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer">Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6021" type="text/json">{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer">Breast Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6802" type="text/json">{"id":6802,"name":"Breast Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23163" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stem_Cell">Stem Cell</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23163" type="text/json">{"id":23163,"name":"Stem Cell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stem_Cell?f_ri=165","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=64720235]'), work: {"id":64720235,"title":"CXCR4 and cancer: CXCR4 and cancer","created_at":"2021-12-16T23:33:52.909-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/64720235/CXCR4_and_cancer_CXCR4_and_cancer?f_ri=165","dom_id":"work_64720235","summary":"The chemokine receptor CXCR4 belongs to the large superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors, and is directly involved in a number of biological processes including organogenesis, hematopoiesis, and immunity. Recent evidence has highlighted the role of CXCR4 in a variety of diseases including cancer and WHIM syndrome. Expression of CXCR4 in cancer metastasis appears to be due to dysregulation of the receptor leading to enhanced signaling. CXCR4 was also found to be a prognostic marker in various types of cancer including leukemia and breast cancer. These observations reveal that CXCR4 is an important molecule involved in several aspects of cancer progression. The SDF-1-CXCR4 axis is also involved in normal stem cell homing. Interestingly, cancer stem cells also express CXCR4 suggesting that the SDF-1-CXCR4 axis directs their trafficking/metastasis to organs that highly express SDF-1 such as the lymph nodes, lungs, liver, and bones. Here, we review what is currently known regarding the regulation of CXCR4 and how dysregulation contributes to disease progression. The Chemokine Receptor CXCR4 and Cancer The human chemokine system currently includes more than 40 chemokines and 18 chemokine receptors (Table 1). Chemokine receptors are defined by their ability to induce directional migration of cells toward a gradient of a chemotactic cytokine (chemotaxis). Chemokine receptors belong to a family of 7 transmembrane domain, G-protein-coupled cell surface receptors (GPCR) and the ligands are classified into four groups (CXC, CC, C, and CX 3 C) based on the position of the first two cysteines [1, 2]. Chemokine receptors are present on many different cell types. Initially, these receptors were identified on","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76626820,"asset_id":64720235,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37299414,"first_name":"Ahmed","last_name":"Marouf","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ahmedmohamed365","display_name":"Ahmed Marouf","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ahmedmohamed365?f_ri=165","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/37299414/106413265/101500661/s65_ahmed.marouf.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":6802,"name":"Breast Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":23163,"name":"Stem Cell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stem_Cell?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":38831,"name":"Signal Transduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Transduction?f_ri=165"},{"id":179010,"name":"Natural Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Sciences?f_ri=165"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=165"},{"id":275658,"name":"Cancer Stem Cell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Stem_Cell?f_ri=165"},{"id":469018,"name":"Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplasms?f_ri=165"},{"id":495625,"name":"Biological Process","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Process?f_ri=165"},{"id":558552,"name":"Gene fusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_fusion?f_ri=165"},{"id":584615,"name":"Disease Progression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Progression?f_ri=165"},{"id":911025,"name":"Lymph Node","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lymph_Node?f_ri=165"},{"id":3881524,"name":"Neoplastic Stem Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplastic_Stem_Cells?f_ri=165"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_52969630" data-work_id="52969630" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52969630/Designing_assessment_of_pathology_in_the_undergraduate_curriculum">Designing assessment of pathology in the undergraduate curriculum</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The teaching and learning of pathology in undergraduate curricula are changing and the methods of assessment of the pathology component need to change with them. The curricular changes from the older, traditional programmes to newer, more... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_52969630" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The teaching and learning of pathology in undergraduate curricula are changing and the methods of assessment of the pathology component need to change with them. The curricular changes from the older, traditional programmes to newer, more integrated courses, often using a problem-based learning (PBL) approach, are a challenge for pathologists at a time of reduction of academic pathology posts. However, pathologists have a broad range of knowledge and skills that are invaluable in undergraduate teaching, learning and assessment. These should be encouraged in training grades and promoted by established pathologists as 'role models'. Newer forms of assessment provide an opportunity for pathologists to maintain the profile of the discipline since 'assessment drives learning'. These methods include the incorporation of well-designed clinical scenarios with pathological relevance into multiple choice questions (MCQs) and extended matching questions (eMQs), examples of which are given. Similarly, objective structured clinical examinations (OSCes) also allow the use of clinically relevant settings such as death certification and multidisciplinary team meetings in undergraduate examinations. Pathologists should get involved in all levels of assessment, especially in question writing and quality assurance. They should also participate in OSCes and function as external examiners to maintain the profile of pathology to undergraduates.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/52969630" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a55b523481b0f088369259cf5923a89f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69974903,"asset_id":52969630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69974903/download_file?st=MTc0MDQ3ODE2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39778040" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EmyrBenbow">Emyr Benbow</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39778040" type="text/json">{"id":39778040,"first_name":"Emyr","last_name":"Benbow","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EmyrBenbow","display_name":"Emyr Benbow","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EmyrBenbow?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_52969630 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="52969630"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 52969630, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_52969630", }); 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The curricular changes from the older, traditional programmes to newer, more integrated courses, often using a problem-based learning (PBL) approach, are a challenge for pathologists at a time of reduction of academic pathology posts. However, pathologists have a broad range of knowledge and skills that are invaluable in undergraduate teaching, learning and assessment. These should be encouraged in training grades and promoted by established pathologists as 'role models'. Newer forms of assessment provide an opportunity for pathologists to maintain the profile of the discipline since 'assessment drives learning'. These methods include the incorporation of well-designed clinical scenarios with pathological relevance into multiple choice questions (MCQs) and extended matching questions (eMQs), examples of which are given. Similarly, objective structured clinical examinations (OSCes) also allow the use of clinically relevant settings such as death certification and multidisciplinary team meetings in undergraduate examinations. Pathologists should get involved in all levels of assessment, especially in question writing and quality assurance. They should also participate in OSCes and function as external examiners to maintain the profile of pathology to undergraduates.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69974903,"asset_id":52969630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39778040,"first_name":"Emyr","last_name":"Benbow","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EmyrBenbow","display_name":"Emyr Benbow","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EmyrBenbow?f_ri=165","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":887,"name":"Teaching and Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":4455,"name":"Medical Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Education?f_ri=165","nofollow":true},{"id":10668,"name":"Problem Based 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48717688/Hyperresponsive_Sensory_Patterns_in_Young_Children_With_Autism_Developmental_Delay_and_Typical_Development">Hyperresponsive Sensory Patterns in Young Children With Autism, Developmental Delay, and Typical Development</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48717688" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6883011d3a02b8c8489e850f86f36fea" rel="nofollow" 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