CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>View source for Malacostraca - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":true,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat": "dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"328bb781-a009-4909-8cdc-13f16eaa171b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Malacostraca","wgTitle":"Malacostraca","wgCurRevisionId":1258219216,"wgRevisionId":0,"wgArticleId":429813,"wgIsArticle":false,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"edit","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Malacostraca","wgRelevantArticleId":429813,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{ "pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready" ,"skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.charinsert.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.edit.collapsibleFooter","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.charinsert","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession", "wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.charinsert.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Malacostraca_collage_2x3.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1350"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Malacostraca_collage_2x3.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Malacostraca_collage_2x3.png/640px-Malacostraca_collage_2x3.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="720"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="View source for Malacostraca - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacostraca"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Malacostraca&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacostraca"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Malacostraca rootpage-Malacostraca skin-vector-2022 action-edit"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Malacostraca&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Malacostraca&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Malacostraca&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Malacostraca&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">View source for Malacostraca</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Malacostraca" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Malacostraca" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Malacostraca"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacostraca&action=edit" title="Edit this page"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacostraca&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Malacostraca"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacostraca&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacostraca&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Malacostraca" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Malacostraca" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malacostraca&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMalacostraca%26action%3Dedit"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMalacostraca%26action%3Dedit"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q182978" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">← <a href="/wiki/Malacostraca" title="Malacostraca">Malacostraca</a></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><p>You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons: </p> <ul class="permissions-errors"><li class="mw-permissionerror-blockedtext"> <div id="mw-blocked-text" style="border: 1px solid #AAA; background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, ivory); color: inherit; padding: 1.5em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 26px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stop_hand_nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/50px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/75px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/100px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="240" /></a></span><b> This IP address has been <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> from <i>editing</i> Wikipedia.</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: 18px;">This does not affect your ability to <i>read</i> Wikipedia pages.</span></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><b>Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong.</b> Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p>The IP address or range 8.222.128.0/17 has been <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> by <a href="/wiki/User:L235" title="User:L235">‪L235‬</a> for the following reason(s): </p> <div style="padding:10px; background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:inherit; border:1px #666 solid;"> <div class="user-block colocation-webhost" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: #ffefd5; border: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 0.7em;"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/40px-Server-multiple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/60px-Server-multiple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/80px-Server-multiple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><b>The <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a> that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a <a href="/wiki/Web_hosting_service" title="Web hosting service">web host provider</a> or <a href="/wiki/Colocation_centre" title="Colocation centre">colocation provider</a>.</b> To prevent abuse, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Open_proxies" title="Wikipedia:Open proxies">web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked</a> from editing Wikipedia. <div style="border-top: 1px solid #AAA; clear: both">You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Open_proxies" title="Wikipedia:Open proxies">proxy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">VPN</a>. <p><b>We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit.</b> For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in. </p><p>If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP_block_exemption#Requesting_and_granting_exemption" title="Wikipedia:IP block exemption">request an IP block exemption</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">appeal this block</a> by adding the following text on your <a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">talk page</a>: <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Unblock" title="Template:Unblock">unblock</a>|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. <i>Place any further information here.</i> ~~~~}}</code>. <b>You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated.</b> Your IP address can be determined <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Get_my_IP_address?withJS=MediaWiki:Get-my-ip.js">here</a></b></span>. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unblock_Ticket_Request_System" title="Wikipedia:Unblock Ticket Request System">unblock ticket request system</a>. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.</div></div> <p><span class="sysop-show" style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="border:#707070 solid 1px;background-color:#ffe0e0;padding:2px"><b>Administrators:</b></span> The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP_block_exemption" title="Wikipedia:IP block exemption">IP block exemption</a> user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CheckUser" title="Wikipedia:CheckUser">CheckUser</a> needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SPI#Quick_CheckUser_requests" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SPI">SPI Quick Checkuser Requests</a>. <b>Unblocking</b> an IP or IP range with this template <b>is highly discouraged</b> without at least contacting the blocking administrator.</span> </p> </div></div> </div> <p>This block will expire on 18:23, 24 August 2026. Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even when blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit your <a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Special:MyTalk">user talk page</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">email</a> administrators and other editors. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>For information on how to proceed, please read the <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block#Common_questions" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">FAQ for blocked users</a></b> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">guideline on block appeals</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_appealing_blocks" title="Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks">guide to appealing blocks</a> may also be helpful. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">Blocking policy</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li><li class="mw-permissionerror-globalblocking-blockedtext-range"> <div id="mw-blocked-text" style="border: 1px solid #AAA; background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, ivory); color: inherit; padding: 1.5em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 26px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stop_hand_nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/50px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/75px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/100px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="240" /></a></span><b> This IP address range has been <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">globally blocked</a>.</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: 18px;">This does not affect your ability to <i>read</i> Wikipedia pages.</span></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><b>Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong.</b> Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p>This block affects editing on all Wikimedia wikis. </p><p>The IP address or range 8.222.128.0/17 has been globally <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> by <a href="/wiki/User:Jon_Kolbert" title="User:Jon Kolbert">‪Jon Kolbert‬</a> for the following reason(s): </p> <div style="padding:10px; background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:inherit; border:1px #666 solid;"> <p><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/NOP" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/NOP">Open proxy/Webhost</a>: See the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WM:OP/H" class="extiw" title="m:WM:OP/H">help page</a> if you are affected </p> </div> <p>This block will expire on 15:12, 27 August 2028. Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even while globally blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit pages on <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta-Wiki</a>. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">Global blocks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li></ul><hr /> <div id="viewsourcetext">You can view and copy the source of this page:</div><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="en" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{Short description|Largest class of crustaceans}} {{Good article}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossil range|Cambrian|Recent}} | image = <imagemap> File:Malacostraca collage 2x3.png|220px rect 1 1 400 300 [[Decapoda]] rect 400 1 800 300 [[Krill|Euphausiacea]] rect 1 300 400 600 [[Isopoda]] rect 400 300 800 600 [[Amphipoda]] rect 1 600 400 900 [[Leptostraca]] rect 400 600 800 900 [[Mantis shrimp|Stomatopoda]] </imagemap> | taxon = Malacostraca | authority = [[Pierre André Latreille|Latreille]], 1802 | subdivision_ranks = Subclasses | subdivision = *[[Eumalacostraca]] *[[Hoplocarida]] *[[Phyllocarida]] See text for orders. }} '''Malacostraca''' is the second largest of the six [[class (biology)|classes]] of [[pancrustacean]]s behind [[insect]]s, containing about 40,000 living [[species]], divided among 16 [[order (biology)|orders]]. Its members, the '''malacostracans''', display a great diversity of body forms and include [[crab]]s, [[lobster]]s, [[crayfish]], [[Caridea|shrimp]], [[krill]], [[Dendrobranchiata|prawns]], [[woodlouse|woodlice]], [[Amphipoda|amphipods]], [[mantis shrimp]], [[Cymothoa_exigua|tongue-eating lice]] and many other less familiar animals. They are abundant in all marine environments and have colonised freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are [[Segmentation (biology)|segmented]] animals, united by a common [[body plan]] comprising 20 body segments (rarely 21), and divided into a head, thorax, and abdomen. ==Etymology== The name Malacostraca is {{etymology|grc|''{{wikt-lang|grc|μαλακός}}'' ({{grc-transl|μαλακός}})|soft||''{{wikt-lang|grc|όστρακον}}'' ({{grc-transl|όστρακον}})|shell}}. The word was used by [[Aristotle's biology|Aristotle]], who contrasted them with [[oyster]]s, in comparison with which their shells are pliable.<ref>{{OED|malacostracan}}</ref> It was applied to this taxon by French zoologist [[Pierre André Latreille]] in 1802. He was curator of the arthropod collection at the [[National Museum of Natural History (France)|National Museum of Natural History]] in Paris.<ref>{{cite journal |author= Dupuis, Claude |year=1974 |title=Pierre André Latreille (1762–1833): the foremost entomologist of his time |journal=Annual Review of Entomology |volume=19 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.1146/annurev.en.19.010174.000245}}</ref> This scientific name is misleading, since the shell is soft only immediately after [[ecdysis|moulting]], and is usually hard.<ref name="Rich">{{cite book |author=Rich, Patricia Vickers |author2=Fenton, Mildred Adams |author2-link=Mildred Adams Fenton |author3=Fenton, Caroll Lane |author3-link=Carroll Lane Fenton |author4=Rich, Thomas Hewitt |year=1996 |title=The Fossil Book: a Record of Prehistoric Life |edition=2nd |publisher=[[Courier Dover Publications]] |isbn=978-0-486-29371-4 |chapter=Crustaceans |pages=[https://archive.org/details/fossilbookrecor00rich/page/213 213–221] |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ntSspji0LYC&pg=PA217 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/fossilbookrecor00rich/page/213 }}</ref> Malacostracans are sometimes contrasted with entomostracans, a name applied to all crustaceans outside the Malacostraca, and named after the obsolete taxon [[Entomostraca]].<ref name="Alberta">{{cite book |author= Clifford, Hugh F. |year=1991 |title=Aquatic Invertebrates of Alberta: an Illustrated Guide |publisher=[[University of Alberta]] |isbn=978-0-88864-234-9 |chapter=Introduction to the Malacostraca |pages=173–175 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8UQ4jHev6voC&pg=PA173}}</ref> ==Description== [[File:Nebalia bipes.jpg|thumb|right|[[Leptostraca]] such as ''[[Nebalia bipes]]'' retain the primitive condition of having seven abdominal segments.]] The class Malacostraca includes about 40,000 species,<ref>{{cite book |year=2002 |series=Zoological catalogue of Australia |volume=19.2A |title=Crustacea: Malacostraca |publisher=[[CSIRO Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-643-06901-5 |chapter=Introduction |author=Poore, Hugh F. |pages=1–7 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ww6RzBz42-4C&pg=PA1}}</ref> and "arguably ... contains a greater diversity of body forms than any other class in the animal kingdom".<ref name="Barnes">{{cite book |author1=Barnes, R. S. K. |author2=Calow, P. |author3=Olive, P. J. W. |author4=Golding, D. W. |author5=Spicer, J. I. |year=2001 |title=The Invertebrates: a Synthesis |edition=3rd |publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] |isbn=978-0-632-04761-1 |chapter=Invertebrates with legs: the arthropods and similar groups |pages=168–206 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TBMsbe9efPgC&pg=PA202}}</ref> Its members are characterised by the presence of three [[Tagma (arthropod anatomy)|tagmata]] (specialized groupings of multiple segments) – a five-segmented head, an eight-segmented [[thorax]] and an abdomen with six segments and a [[telson]], except in the [[Leptostraca]], which retain the [[plesiomorphy|ancestral condition]] of seven abdominal segments.<ref name="Barnes"/> Malacostracans have abdominal appendages, a fact that differentiates them from all other major crustacean taxa except [[Remipedia]].<ref name=Ruppert>{{cite book |title=Invertebrate Zoology |edition=7th |last1=Ruppert |first1=Edward E. |last2=Fox |first2=Richard, S. |last3=Barnes |first3=Robert D. |year=2004 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-81-315-0104-7 |pages=625–626 }}</ref> Each body segment bears a pair of jointed [[appendage]]s, although these may be lost secondarily.<ref name="ADW">{{cite web |url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Malacostraca.html |author1=Atwater, Dan |author2=Fautin, Daphne G. |year=2001 |title=Class Malacostraca: crabs, krill, pill bugs, shrimp, and relatives |work=[[Animal Diversity Web]] |publisher=[[University of Michigan]] |access-date=November 23, 2010}}</ref> ===Tagmata=== The head bears two pairs of [[antenna (biology)|antennae]], the first of which is often [[Arthropod leg#Biramous and uniramous|biramous]] (branching into two parts) and the second pair bear [[exopod]]s (outer branches) which are often flattened into antennal scales known as [[scaphocerite]]s.<ref name=Ruppert/> The mouthparts consist of pairs each of [[Mandible (arthropod mouthpart)|mandibles]], maxillules (second pair of mouthparts) and [[Maxilla (arthropod mouthpart)|maxillae]]. Except for [[Anostraca|fairy shrimps]], malacostracans are the only extant arthropods with [[compound eye]]s placed on moveable stalks,<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x7vtCAAAQBAJ&q=Anostraca+and+the+Malacostraca+&pg=PA148 | title=Multicellular Animals: Volume II: The Phylogenetic System of the Metazoa | isbn=9783662103968 | last1=Ax | first1=Peter | date=9 March 2013 | publisher=Springer }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1547926 | jstor=1547926 | title=Optical Design and Evolutionary Adaptation in Crustacean Compound Eyes | last1=Cronin | first1=Thomas W. | journal=Journal of Crustacean Biology | date=1986 | volume=6 | issue=1 | pages=1–23 | doi=10.2307/1547926 }}</ref> although in some taxa the eyes are unstalked, reduced or lost.<ref name="Davie"/><ref name="Hayward">{{cite book |editor1=Hayward, P. J. |editor2=Ryland, John Stanley |year=1995 |title=Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-854055-7 |chapter=Crustaceans |pages=290–461 |author1=Hayward, P. J. |author2=Isaac, M. J. |author3=Makings, P. |author4=Moyse, J. |author5=Naylor, E. |author6=Smaldon, G. }}</ref> Up to three thoracic segments may be fused with the head to form a [[cephalothorax]]; the associated appendages turn forward and are modified as [[maxilliped]]s (accessory [[arthropod mouthparts|mouthparts]]).<ref name=Ruppert/> A [[carapace]] may be absent, present or [[secondary loss|secondarily lost]], and may cover the head, part or all of the thorax and some of the abdomen.<ref name="Barnes"/> It is variable in form and may be fused dorsally with some of the thoracic segments or occasionally be in two parts, hinged dorsally.<ref name="Davie"/> Typically, each of the thoracic appendages is biramous and the endopods are the better developed of the branches, being used for crawling or grasping. Each endopod consist of seven articulating segments; the coxa, basis, ischium, merus, carpus, propodus and dactylus. In [[Decapoda|decapods]], the claw is formed by the articulation of the dactylus against an outgrowth of the propodus. In some taxa, the exopods are lost and the appendages are uniramous.<ref name=Ruppert/> There is a clear demarcation between the thorax and the six or seven-segmented abdomen. In most taxa, each abdominal segment except the last carries a pair of biramous [[pleopod]]s used for swimming, burrowing, gas exchange, creating a current or brooding eggs. The first and second abdominal pleopods may be modified in the male to form [[gonopod]]s (accessory copulatory appendages).<ref name=Ruppert/> The appendages of the last segment are typically flattened into [[uropod]]s, which together with the terminal telson, make up the "tail fan".<ref name="Hayward"/> It is the sudden flexion of this tail fan that provides the thrust for the rapid escape response of these crustaceans and the tail fan is also used in steering.<ref name=Ruppert/> In Leptostraca, the appendages on the telson instead form [[Caudal ramus|caudal rami]] (spine-like protrusions).<ref>{{cite book |author1=Ricketts, Edward F. |author1-link=Ed Ricketts |author2=Calvin, Jack |author3=Phillips, David W. |author4=Hedgpeth, Joel W. |year=1992 |title=Between Pacific Tides |edition=5th |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-8047-2068-7 |chapter=Rocky shores of bays and estuaries |pages=[https://archive.org/details/betweenpacificti0000rick/page/269 269–316] |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tUl5ESavtRIC&pg=PA279 |title-link=Between Pacific Tides }}</ref> ===Internal anatomy=== The digestive tract is straight and the foregut consists of a short oesophagus and a two-chambered stomach, the first part of which contains a gizzard-like "gastric mill" for grinding food. The walls of this have [[chitin]]ous ridges, teeth and calcareous ossicles. The fine particles and soluble material are then moved into the midgut where chemical processing and absorption takes place in one or more pairs of large digestive caeca. The hindgut is concerned with water reclamation and the formation of faeces and the anus is situated at the base of the telson.<ref name=IZ>{{cite book |title=Invertebrate Zoology |edition=7th |last1=Ruppert |first1=Edward E. |last2=Fox |first2=Richard, S. |last3=Barnes |first3=Robert D. |year=2004 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-81-315-0104-7 |pages=610–613 }}</ref> Like other crustaceans, malacostracans have an [[open circulatory system]] in which the heart pumps blood into the [[Circulatory system#Open circulatory system|hemocoel]] (body cavity) where it supplies the needs of the organs for oxygen and nutrients before diffusing back to the heart.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.gsu.edu/~bioasx/closeopen.html |title=Closed and open circulatory system |author=Sakurai, Akira |publisher=Georgia State University |access-date=2014-05-21 |archive-date=2016-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917173108/http://www2.gsu.edu/~bioasx/closeopen.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The typical [[respiratory pigment]] in malacostracans is [[haemocyanin]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Urich, Klaus |year=1994 |title=Comparative Animal Biochemistry |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |isbn=978-3-540-57420-0 |chapter=Respiratory pigments |pages=249–287 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GLbcWyeaCGQC&pg=PA272}}</ref> Structures that function as kidneys are located near the base of the antennae. A brain exists in the form of ganglia close to the antennae, there are ganglia in each segment and a collection of major ganglia below the oesophagus.<ref name="Encarta">{{cite book |title=Encarta |year=2005 |chapter=Crustacean |author= Ghiselin, Michael T. |author-link=Michael Ghiselin |publisher=[[Microsoft]]|title-link=Encarta }}</ref> Sensory organs include compound eyes (often stalked), [[Simple eye in invertebrates|ocelli]] (simple eyes), [[statocyst]]s and sensory [[seta|bristles]]. The naupliar eye is a characteristic of the [[Crustacean larvae#Nauplius|nauplius]] larva and consists of four cup-shaped ocelli facing in different directions and able to distinguish between light and darkness.<ref name=IZ/> ==Ecology== [[File:Sally lightfoot crab.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Grapsus grapsus]]'', a terrestrial crab]] Malacostracans live in a wide range of [[marine (ocean)|marine]] and [[freshwater]] habitats, and three orders have [[terrestrial animal|terrestrial]] members: Amphipoda ([[Talitridae]]), Isopoda (Oniscidea, the [[woodlouse|woodlice]]) and Decapoda ([[Coenobitidae|terrestrial hermit crabs]], crabs of the families [[Ocypodidae]], [[Gecarcinidae]], and [[Grapsidae]], and terrestrial [[crayfish]]).<ref>{{cite book |author=Little, Colin |year=1983 |title=The Colonisation of Land: Origins and Adaptations of Terrestrial Animals |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-25218-8 |chapter=Crustaceans and the evolution of the arthropods |pages=63–106 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tfs8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA67}}</ref> They are abundant in all marine ecosystems, and most species are [[scavenger]]s, although some, such as the [[porcelain crab]]s, are [[filter feeder]]s, and some, such as mantis shrimps, are [[carnivore]]s.<ref name="Hayward"/> ==Life cycle== Most species of malacostracans have distinct sexes (a phenomenon known as [[gonochorism]]), although a few species exhibit [[hermaphrodite|hermaphroditism]].<ref name="Hayward"/> The female genital openings or [[gonopore]]s are located on the sixth thoracic segment or its appendages, while the male gonopores are on the eighth segment or its appendages, or in a small number of species, on the seventh.<ref name="Davie">{{cite book |title=Crustacea: Malacostraca. Phyllocarida, Hoplocarida, Eucarida (Part 1) |series=Volume 19.3A of Zoological Catalogue of Australia |author=Davie, P. J. F. |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-643-06791-2 |publisher=[[CSIRO Publishing]] |chapter=Class Malacostraca. Introduction |page=23 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sc7i6AL-GewC&pg=PA23}}</ref> The naupliar larval stages are often reduced and take place before hatching, but where they occur, a [[metamorphosis]] usually occurs between the larval and the adult forms. Primitive malacostracans have a free-swimming naupliar larval stage.<ref name="Davie"/> Research suggests the common ancestor of Malacostraca had lost the free-living nauplius larval stage, but re-evolved it again through [[heterochrony]] in Dendrobranchiata and Euphausiacea, which both has a lecithotrophic (non-feeding) nauplius stage.<ref>{{cite journal | pmc=4429915 | year=2015 | last1=Jirikowski | first1=G. J. | last2=Wolff | first2=C. | last3=Richter | first3=S. | title=Evolution of eumalacostracan development—new insights into loss and reacquisition of larval stages revealed by heterochrony analysis | journal=Evodevo | volume=6 | page=4 | doi=10.1186/2041-9139-6-4 | pmid=25973168 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | pmc=4684318 | year=2015 | last1=Akther | first1=H. | last2=Agersted | first2=M. D. | last3=Olesen | first3=J. | title=Naupliar and Metanaupliar Development of Thysanoessa raschii (Malacostraca, Euphausiacea) from Godthåbsfjord, Greenland, with a Reinstatement of the Ancestral Status of the Free-Living Nauplius in Malacostracan Evolution | journal=PLOS ONE | volume=10 | issue=12 | pages=e0141955 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0141955 | pmid=26682744 | bibcode=2015PLoSO..1041955A | doi-access=free }}</ref> ==Mating== Mating behavior has been studied in the freshwater shrimp ''Caridina ensifera''.<ref name=Yue>{{cite journal |vauthors=Yue GH, Chang A |title=Molecular evidence for high frequency of multiple paternity in a freshwater shrimp species Caridina ensifera |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=5 |issue=9 |pages=e12721 |year=2010 |pmid=20856862 |pmc=2939052 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0012721 |bibcode=2010PLoSO...512721Y |doi-access=free }}</ref> Multiple paternity, common in the ''Malacostrica'', also occurs in ''C. ensifera''. Reproductive success of sires was found to correlate inversely with their genetic relatedness to the mother.<ref name=Yue /> This finding suggests that sperm competition and/or pre- and post-copulatory female choice occurs. Female choice may increase the fitness of progeny by avoiding [[inbreeding]] that can lead to expression of [[Zygosity#Homozygous|homozygous]] deleterious [[Dominance (genetics)|recessive]] mutations.<ref name="pmid19834483">{{cite journal |vauthors=Charlesworth D, Willis JH |title=The genetics of inbreeding depression |journal=Nat. Rev. Genet. |volume=10 |issue=11 |pages=783–96 |year=2009 |pmid=19834483 |doi=10.1038/nrg2664 |s2cid=771357 }}</ref> ==Phylogenetics== {{Main|Phylogeny of Malacostraca}} The [[monophyly]] of Malacostraca is widely accepted. This is supported by several common morphological traits which are present throughout the group and is confirmed by molecular studies.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hassanin, Alexandre |title=Phylogeny of Arthropoda inferred from mitochondrial sequences: Strategies for limiting the misleading effects of multiple changes in pattern and rates of substitution |year=2006 |journal=[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]] |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=100–116 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2005.09.012|url=http://www.csulb.edu/~dlunderw/entomology/Arthropodphylogeny2006.pdf |pmid=16290034|bibcode=2006MolPE..38..100H }}</ref> However, a number of problems make it difficult to determine the relationships between the orders of Malacostraca. These include differences in [[mutation rate]]s in different [[Lineage (evolution)|lineages]], different patterns of evolution being apparent in different sources of data, including [[convergent evolution]], and [[long branch attraction]].<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jenner, Ronald A. |author2=Ní Dhubhghaill, Ciara |author3=Ferla, Matteo P. |author4=Wills, Matthew A. |year=2009 |title=Eumalacostracan phylogeny and total evidence: limitations of the usual suspects |journal=[[BMC Evolutionary Biology]] |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=21 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-9-21 |url= |pmc=2640363 |pmid=19173741 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2009BMCEE...9...21J }}</ref> There is less agreement on the status of the subclass [[Phyllocarida]] with its single extant order, Leptostraca, depending on whether foliaceous (leaf-like) limbs have a single or multiple origin. Some authors advocate placing Phyllocarida in Phyllopoda, a group used in former classification systems, which would then include branchiopods, cephalocarids and leptostracans. A molecular study by American biologists Trisha Spears and Lawrence Abele concluded that phylogenetic evidence did not support the monophyly of this grouping, and that Phyllocarida should be regarded as a subclass of Malacostraca that had diverged from the main lineage at an early date.<ref name="Davie"/><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Spears, Trisha |author2=Abele, Lawrence G. |year=1999 |title=Phylogenetic Relationships of Crustaceans with Foliaceous Limbs: An 18S rDNA Study of Branchiopoda, Cephalocarida, and Phyllocarida |journal=Journal of Crustacean Biology |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=825–843 |jstor=1549304 |doi=10.1163/193724099x00538|doi-access=free }}</ref> The following cladogram is based on the 2001 [[phylogenetics|phylogenetic analysis]] of Richter & Scholtz.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Richter, Scholtz|date=January 2002|title=Phylogenetic analysis of the Malacostraca (Crustacea)|journal=Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research|volume=39|issue=3|pages=113–136|doi=10.1046/j.1439-0469.2001.00164.x|doi-access=free}}</ref> {{clade |label1=Malacostraca |1={{clade |1=[[Phyllocarida]] |2={{clade |1=[[Hoplocarida]] |label2=[[Eumalacostraca]] |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Decapoda]] |2=[[Amphionidacea]] }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Euphausiacea]] |label2=[[Peracarida]] |2={{clade |1=[[Thermosbaenacea]] |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Mysida]] |2=[[Lophogastrida]] }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Spelaeogriphacea]] |2=[[Mictacea]] }} |2={{clade |1=[[Cumacea]] |2={{clade |1=[[Tanaidacea]] |2=[[Isopoda]] }} }} }} }} }} }} |label2=[[Syncarida]] |2={{clade |1=[[Anaspidacea]] |2=[[Bathynellacea]] }} }} }} }} }} }} ===Subclass Phyllocarida=== Leptostraca is the only extant order of Phyllocarida, the other two orders, [[Archaeostraca]] and [[Hoplostraca]] being extinct. Leptostracans are thought to be the most primitive of the malacostracans and date back to the Cambrian period. They range in length from {{convert|1|to|4|cm|1|abbr=on}}, most being suspension feeders though some are carnivores or scavengers. They have a two part carapace which encloses the head, the whole thorax and part of the abdomen and are the only malacostracans with seven abdominal segments. Three families are known with several genera and about twenty species. They are found worldwide from the intertidal zone to the deep ocean, all but one species being [[Benthos|benthic]] (living on the seabed).<ref name=Ruppert/><ref name="Davie"/> ===Subclass Hoplocarida=== [[File:Squilla empusa.jpg|left|thumb|upright|''Squilla empusa'',<br/> a mantis shrimp]] [[Stomatopoda]] is the only extant order of [[Hoplocarida]], the other two orders, Aeschronectida and Archaeostomatopoda being extinct. Stomatopodans, commonly known as mantis shrimps, range in length from {{convert|5|to|36|cm|0|abbr=on}} and are predators. They have a [[Anatomical terms of location#Dorsal and ventral|dorso-ventrally]] flattened body and a shield-like carapace and are armed with powerful, raptorial claws normally carried in a folded position. There are about 300 species, most living in tropical and subtropical seas although some live in temperate areas. They are benthic, mostly hiding in cracks and crevices or living in burrows, some emerging to forage while others are ambush predators.<ref name=Ruppert/><ref name="Davie"/> ===Subclass Eumalacostraca=== The Eumalocostraca contains the vast majority of the approximately 40,000 living species of malacostracans and consists of three superorders, [[Syncarida]], [[Peracarida]] and [[Eucarida]]. Syncaridans are mostly small and found in freshwater and subterranean habitats. Peracaridans are characterised by having a [[Brood pouch (Peracarida)|marsupium]] in which they brood their young. They are found in marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats and include [[Amphipoda]], [[Cumacea]], [[Isopoda]] and [[Mysida]]. Eucarida includes lobsters, crabs, shrimps, [[prawn]]s and krill.<ref>{{cite book |title=Crustacea: Malacostraca. Phyllocarida, Hoplocarida, Eucarida (Part 1) |series=Volume 19.3A of Zoological Catalogue of Australia |author=Davie, P. J. F. |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-643-06791-2 |publisher=[[CSIRO Publishing]] |chapter=Class Malacostraca. Introduction |pages=91 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sc7i6AL-GewC&pg=PA23}}</ref> ===Fossil record=== The first malacostracans appeared sometime in the [[Cambrian]], when animals belonging to the Phyllocarida appeared.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Collette, Joseph H. |author2=Hagadorn, James W. |year=2010 |title=Three-dimensionally preserved arthropods from Cambrian Lagerstätten of Quebec and Wisconsin |journal=[[Journal of Paleontology]] |volume=84 |issue=4 |pages=646–667 |doi=10.1666/09-075.1|s2cid=130064618 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Collette, Joseph H. |author2=Hagadorn, James W. |year=2010 |title=Early evolution of phyllocarid arthropods: phylogeny and systematics of Cambrian–Devonian archaeostracans |journal=[[Journal of Paleontology]] |volume=84 |issue=5 |pages=795–820 |doi=10.1666/09-092.1|bibcode=2010JPal...84..795C |s2cid=85074218 }}</ref> ==Classification== {{See also|List of prehistoric malacostracans}} The following classification of living malacostracans is based on ''An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea'' (2001) by the American marine biologists [[Joel W. Martin]], curator of crustaceans at the [[Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County]], and George E. Davies.<ref name="M&D">{{cite book |url=http://atiniui.nhm.org/pdfs/3839/3839.pdf |title=An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea |author1=Martin, Joel W. |author2=Davis, George E. |year=2001 |pages=132 |publisher=[[Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County]] |access-date=2009-12-14 |archive-date=2011-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711181351/http://atiniui.nhm.org/pdfs/3839/3839.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Extinct orders have been added to this<ref name="Jenner">{{cite journal |journal=[[Contributions to Zoology]] |volume=67 |issue=3 |pages=155–186 |year=1998 |title=Palaeo- and archaeostomatopods (Hoplocarida: Crustacea) from the Bear Gulch Limestone, Mississippian (Namurian), of central Montana |author1=Jenner, Ronald A. |author2=Hof, Cees H. J. |author3=Schram, Frederick R. |doi=10.1163/18759866-06703001 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Camacho, A. I. |author2=Valdecasas, A. G. |year=2008 |title=Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment |series=Developments in Hydrobiology |volume=198 |pages=257–266 |chapter=Global diversity of syncarids (Syncarida; Crustacea) in freshwater |doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-8259-7_28 |editor1=Balian, E. V. |editor2=Lévêque, C. |editor3=Segers, H. |editor4=Martens, K. |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|isbn=978-1-4020-8258-0 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Davie, P. J. F. |year=2001 |title=Crustacea: Malacostraca: Phyllocarida, Hoplocarida, Eucarida (Part 1) |series=Zoological catalogue of Australia |volume=19.3A |publisher=[[CSIRO Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-643-06791-2 |chapter=Subclass: Phyllocarida, Introduction |page=24 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sc7i6AL-GewC&pg=PA24}}</ref> and are indicated by an [[Dagger (typography)|obelisk]] (†). [[File:Odontodactylus scyllarus3.jpg|thumb|''[[Peacock mantis shrimp|Odontodactylus scyllarus]]'' (Hoplocarida: [[mantis shrimp|Stomatopoda]])]] [[File:Porcellio scaber and Oniscus asellus - Zalné20070205.jpg|thumb|''[[Porcellio scaber]]'' and ''[[Oniscus asellus]]'' (Peracarida: [[Isopoda]])]] [[File:Cancer pagurus.jpg|thumb|''[[Cancer pagurus]]'' (Eucarida: [[Decapoda]])]] Class '''Malacostraca''' <small>[[Pierre André Latreille|Latreille]], 1802</small> * Subclass [[Phyllocarida]] <small>Packard, 1879</small> :* † [[Archaeostraca]] <small>Claus 1888</small> :* † [[Hoplostraca]] <small>Schram, 1973</small> :* [[Leptostraca]] <small>Claus, 1880</small> * Subclass [[Hoplocarida]] <small>Calman, 1904</small> :* † [[Aeschronectida]] <small>Schram, 1969</small> :* † [[Archaeostomatopoda]] <small>Schram, 1969</small> :* [[Stomatopoda]] <small>Latreille, 1817</small> * Subclass [[Eumalacostraca]] <small>Grobben, 1892</small> ** Superorder [[Syncarida]] <small>Packard, 1885</small> *** † [[Palaeocaridacea]] <small>Brooks, 1979</small> *** [[Bathynellacea]] <small>Chappuis, 1915</small> *** [[Anaspidacea]] <small>Calman, 1904</small> ** Superorder [[Peracarida]] <small>Calman, 1904</small> *** [[Spelaeogriphacea]] <small>Gordon, 1957</small> *** [[Thermosbaenacea]] <small>Monod, 1927</small> *** [[Lophogastrida]] <small>Sars, 1870</small> *** [[Mysida]] <small>Haworth, 1825</small> *** [[Stygiomysida]] <small>Tchindonova, 1981</small> *** [[Mictacea]] <small>Bowman ''et al.'', 1985</small> *** [[Amphipoda]] <small>Latreille, 1816</small> *** [[Isopoda]] <small>Latreille, 1817</small> *** [[Tanaidacea]] <small>Dana, 1849</small> *** [[Cumacea]] <small>Krøyer, 1846</small> ** Superorder [[Eucarida]] <small>Calman, 1904</small> *** † [[Angustidontida]] <small>Gueriau, Charbonnier & Clément, 2014</small><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gueriau|first1=Pierre|last2=Charbonnier|first2=Sylvain|last3=Clément|first3=Gaël|date=2014-09-01|title=Angustidontid crustaceans from the Late Devonian of Strud (Namur Province, Belgium): Insights into the origin of Decapoda|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265211942|journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen|volume=273|issue=3 |pages=327–337 |doi=10.1127/0077-7749/2014/0434}}</ref> *** [[Krill|Euphausiacea]] <small>Dana, 1852</small> *** [[Decapoda]] <small>Latreille, 1802</small> ==References== {{Reflist|32em}} ==External links== {{Portal|Crustaceans}} *{{Commons category-inline|Malacostraca}} *{{cite EB1911|first=Thomas Roscoe Rede |last=Stebbing |author-link=Thomas Roscoe Rede Stebbing |wstitle=Malacostraca |volume=17 |pages=457–459 |short=x}} *[http://tolweb.org/Malacostraca/6253 Malacostraca], [[Tree of Life Web Project]] *[http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/crustacea/malacostraca.html Introduction to the Malacostraca], [[University of California, Berkeley]] *[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=22215 Malacostraca] , [[Paleobiology Database|The Paleobiology Database]] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110706130418/http://www.tafi.org.au/zooplankton/imagekey/malacostraca/ Malacostraca image key - Guide to the marine zooplankton of south eastern Australia], Tasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries Institute {{Arthropods}} {{Malacostraca}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q182978}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Malacostraca| ]] [[Category:Arthropod classes]] [[Category:Extant Cambrian first appearances]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:;" title="Template:;">Template:;</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:;&action=edit" title="Template:;">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Anglicise_rank" title="Template:Anglicise rank">Template:Anglicise rank</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Anglicise_rank&action=edit" title="Template:Anglicise rank">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Arthropods" title="Template:Arthropods">Template:Arthropods</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Arthropods&action=edit" title="Template:Arthropods">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Authority_control" title="Template:Authority control">Template:Authority control</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Authority_control&action=edit" title="Template:Authority control">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Automatic_taxobox" title="Template:Automatic taxobox">Template:Automatic taxobox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Automatic_taxobox&action=edit" title="Template:Automatic taxobox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Category_handler" title="Template:Category handler">Template:Category handler</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Category_handler&action=edit" title="Template:Category handler">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_EB1911" title="Template:Cite EB1911">Template:Cite EB1911</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_EB1911&action=edit" title="Template:Cite EB1911">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_OED" title="Template:Cite OED">Template:Cite OED</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_OED&action=edit" title="Template:Cite OED">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">Template:Cite book</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_book&action=edit" title="Template:Cite book">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">Template:Cite encyclopedia</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_encyclopedia&action=edit" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">Template:Cite journal</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_journal&action=edit" title="Template:Cite journal">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">Template:Cite web</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_web&action=edit" title="Template:Cite web">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_wikisource/make_link" title="Template:Cite wikisource/make link">Template:Cite wikisource/make link</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cite_wikisource/make_link&action=edit" title="Template:Cite wikisource/make link">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Clade" title="Template:Clade">Template:Clade</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Clade&action=edit" title="Template:Clade">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Clade/styles.css" title="Template:Clade/styles.css">Template:Clade/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Clade/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Clade/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Commons_category-inline" title="Template:Commons category-inline">Template:Commons category-inline</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Commons_category-inline&action=edit" title="Template:Commons category-inline">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Convert" title="Template:Convert">Template:Convert</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Convert&action=edit" title="Template:Convert">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Delink" title="Template:Delink">Template:Delink</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Delink&action=edit" title="Template:Delink">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Don%27t_edit_this_line_always_display" title="Template:Don't edit this line always display">Template:Don't edit this line always display</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Don%27t_edit_this_line_always_display&action=edit" title="Template:Don't edit this line always display">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Don%27t_edit_this_line_extinct" title="Template:Don't edit this line extinct">Template:Don't edit this line extinct</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Don%27t_edit_this_line_extinct&action=edit" title="Template:Don't edit this line extinct">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Don%27t_edit_this_line_link_target" title="Template:Don't edit this line link target">Template:Don't edit this line link target</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Don%27t_edit_this_line_link_target&action=edit" title="Template:Don't edit this line link target">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Don%27t_edit_this_line_link_text" title="Template:Don't edit this line link text">Template:Don't edit this line link text</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Don%27t_edit_this_line_link_text&action=edit" title="Template:Don't edit this line link text">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Don%27t_edit_this_line_parent" title="Template:Don't edit this line parent">Template:Don't edit this line parent</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Don%27t_edit_this_line_parent&action=edit" title="Template:Don't edit this line parent">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Don%27t_edit_this_line_rank" title="Template:Don't edit this line rank">Template:Don't edit this line rank</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Don%27t_edit_this_line_rank&action=edit" title="Template:Don't edit this line rank">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Don%27t_edit_this_line_same_as" title="Template:Don't edit this line same as">Template:Don't edit this line same as</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Don%27t_edit_this_line_same_as&action=edit" title="Template:Don't edit this line same as">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Edit_taxonomy" title="Template:Edit taxonomy">Template:Edit taxonomy</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Edit_taxonomy&action=edit" title="Template:Edit taxonomy">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Etymology" title="Template:Etymology">Template:Etymology</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Etymology&action=edit" title="Template:Etymology">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Etymology/lang" title="Template:Etymology/lang">Template:Etymology/lang</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Etymology/lang&action=edit" title="Template:Etymology/lang">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fossil_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fossil range">Template:Fossil range</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Fossil_range&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fossil range">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fossil_range/bar" title="Template:Fossil range/bar">Template:Fossil range/bar</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Fossil_range/bar&action=edit" title="Template:Fossil range/bar">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fossil_range/marker" title="Template:Fossil range/marker">Template:Fossil range/marker</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Fossil_range/marker&action=edit" title="Template:Fossil range/marker">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Geological_range" title="Template:Geological range">Template:Geological range</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Geological_range&action=edit" title="Template:Geological range">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Good_article" title="Template:Good article">Template:Good article</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Good_article&action=edit" title="Template:Good article">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Grc-transl" title="Template:Grc-transl">Template:Grc-transl</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Grc-transl&action=edit" title="Template:Grc-transl">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hlist/styles.css" title="Template:Hlist/styles.css">Template:Hlist/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Hlist/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Hlist/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:ISO_639_name" title="Template:ISO 639 name">Template:ISO 639 name</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:ISO_639_name&action=edit" title="Template:ISO 639 name">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:If_empty" title="Template:If empty">Template:If empty</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:If_empty&action=edit" title="Template:If empty">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Is_italic_taxon" title="Template:Is italic taxon">Template:Is italic taxon</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Is_italic_taxon&action=edit" title="Template:Is italic taxon">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Link_note" title="Template:Link note">Template:Link note</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Link_note&action=edit" title="Template:Link note">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Main" title="Template:Main">Template:Main</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Main&action=edit" title="Template:Main">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Main_other" title="Template:Main other">Template:Main other</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Main_other&action=edit" title="Template:Main other">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Malacostraca" title="Template:Malacostraca">Template:Malacostraca</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Malacostraca&action=edit" title="Template:Malacostraca">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox" title="Template:Navbox">Template:Navbox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Navbox&action=edit" title="Template:Navbox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Next_period" title="Template:Next period">Template:Next period</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Next_period&action=edit" title="Template:Next period">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:OED" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:OED">Template:OED</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:OED&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:OED">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:OEDsub" title="Template:OEDsub">Template:OEDsub</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:OEDsub&action=edit" title="Template:OEDsub">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Pagetype" title="Template:Pagetype">Template:Pagetype</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Pagetype&action=edit" title="Template:Pagetype">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Period_color" title="Template:Period color">Template:Period color</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Period_color&action=edit" title="Template:Period color">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Period_end" title="Template:Period end">Template:Period end</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Period_end&action=edit" title="Template:Period end">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Period_id" title="Template:Period id">Template:Period id</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Period_id&action=edit" title="Template:Period id">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Period_start" title="Template:Period start">Template:Period start</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Period_start&action=edit" title="Template:Period start">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Phanerozoic_220px" title="Template:Phanerozoic 220px">Template:Phanerozoic 220px</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Phanerozoic_220px&action=edit" title="Template:Phanerozoic 220px">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Portal" title="Template:Portal">Template:Portal</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Portal&action=edit" title="Template:Portal">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Principal_rank" title="Template:Principal rank">Template:Principal rank</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Principal_rank&action=edit" title="Template:Principal rank">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist" title="Template:Reflist">Template:Reflist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Reflist&action=edit" title="Template:Reflist">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist/styles.css" title="Template:Reflist/styles.css">Template:Reflist/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Reflist/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Reflist/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:SDcat" title="Template:SDcat">Template:SDcat</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:SDcat&action=edit" title="Template:SDcat">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:See_also" title="Template:See also">Template:See also</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:See_also&action=edit" title="Template:See also">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:SfnRef" title="Template:SfnRef">Template:SfnRef</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:SfnRef&action=edit" title="Template:SfnRef">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Short_description" title="Template:Short description">Template:Short description</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Short_description&action=edit" title="Template:Short description">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck" title="Template:Short description/lowercasecheck">Template:Short description/lowercasecheck</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Short_description/lowercasecheck&action=edit" title="Template:Short description/lowercasecheck">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sister-inline" title="Template:Sister-inline">Template:Sister-inline</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Sister-inline&action=edit" title="Template:Sister-inline">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Str_left" title="Template:Str left">Template:Str left</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Str_left&action=edit" title="Template:Str left">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxobox/Error_colour" title="Template:Taxobox/Error colour">Template:Taxobox/Error colour</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxobox/Error_colour&action=edit" title="Template:Taxobox/Error colour">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxobox/core" title="Template:Taxobox/core">Template:Taxobox/core</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxobox/core&action=edit" title="Template:Taxobox/core">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxobox/core/styles.css" title="Template:Taxobox/core/styles.css">Template:Taxobox/core/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxobox/core/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Taxobox/core/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxobox_colour" title="Template:Taxobox colour">Template:Taxobox colour</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxobox_colour&action=edit" title="Template:Taxobox colour">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonbar" title="Template:Taxonbar">Template:Taxonbar</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonbar&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonbar">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonbar/candidate" title="Template:Taxonbar/candidate">Template:Taxonbar/candidate</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonbar/candidate&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonbar/candidate">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Amorphea" title="Template:Taxonomy/Amorphea">Template:Taxonomy/Amorphea</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy/Amorphea&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonomy/Amorphea">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Animalia" title="Template:Taxonomy/Animalia">Template:Taxonomy/Animalia</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy/Animalia&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonomy/Animalia">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Arthropoda" title="Template:Taxonomy/Arthropoda">Template:Taxonomy/Arthropoda</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy/Arthropoda&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonomy/Arthropoda">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Bilateria" title="Template:Taxonomy/Bilateria">Template:Taxonomy/Bilateria</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy/Bilateria&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonomy/Bilateria">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Choanozoa" title="Template:Taxonomy/Choanozoa">Template:Taxonomy/Choanozoa</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy/Choanozoa&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonomy/Choanozoa">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Ecdysozoa" title="Template:Taxonomy/Ecdysozoa">Template:Taxonomy/Ecdysozoa</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy/Ecdysozoa&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonomy/Ecdysozoa">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Eukaryota" title="Template:Taxonomy/Eukaryota">Template:Taxonomy/Eukaryota</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy/Eukaryota&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonomy/Eukaryota">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Eukaryota/displayed" title="Template:Taxonomy/Eukaryota/displayed">Template:Taxonomy/Eukaryota/displayed</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy/Eukaryota/displayed&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonomy/Eukaryota/displayed">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Eumetazoa" title="Template:Taxonomy/Eumetazoa">Template:Taxonomy/Eumetazoa</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy/Eumetazoa&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonomy/Eumetazoa">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Filozoa" title="Template:Taxonomy/Filozoa">Template:Taxonomy/Filozoa</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy/Filozoa&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonomy/Filozoa">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Holozoa" title="Template:Taxonomy/Holozoa">Template:Taxonomy/Holozoa</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy/Holozoa&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonomy/Holozoa">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Life" title="Template:Taxonomy/Life">Template:Taxonomy/Life</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy/Life&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonomy/Life">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Malacostraca" title="Template:Taxonomy/Malacostraca">Template:Taxonomy/Malacostraca</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy/Malacostraca&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonomy/Malacostraca">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Mandibulata" title="Template:Taxonomy/Mandibulata">Template:Taxonomy/Mandibulata</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy/Mandibulata&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonomy/Mandibulata">view source</a>) (extended confirmed protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Multicrustacea" title="Template:Taxonomy/Multicrustacea">Template:Taxonomy/Multicrustacea</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy/Multicrustacea&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonomy/Multicrustacea">edit</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Nephrozoa" title="Template:Taxonomy/Nephrozoa">Template:Taxonomy/Nephrozoa</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy/Nephrozoa&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonomy/Nephrozoa">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Obazoa" title="Template:Taxonomy/Obazoa">Template:Taxonomy/Obazoa</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy/Obazoa&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonomy/Obazoa">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Opisthokonta" title="Template:Taxonomy/Opisthokonta">Template:Taxonomy/Opisthokonta</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy/Opisthokonta&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonomy/Opisthokonta">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Panarthropoda" title="Template:Taxonomy/Panarthropoda">Template:Taxonomy/Panarthropoda</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy/Panarthropoda&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonomy/Panarthropoda">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Pancrustacea" title="Template:Taxonomy/Pancrustacea">Template:Taxonomy/Pancrustacea</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy/Pancrustacea&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonomy/Pancrustacea">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/ParaHoxozoa" title="Template:Taxonomy/ParaHoxozoa">Template:Taxonomy/ParaHoxozoa</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy/ParaHoxozoa&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonomy/ParaHoxozoa">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Protostomia" title="Template:Taxonomy/Protostomia">Template:Taxonomy/Protostomia</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy/Protostomia&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonomy/Protostomia">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Tactopoda" title="Template:Taxonomy/Tactopoda">Template:Taxonomy/Tactopoda</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Taxonomy/Tactopoda&action=edit" title="Template:Taxonomy/Tactopoda">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Tooltip" title="Template:Tooltip">Template:Tooltip</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Tooltip&action=edit" title="Template:Tooltip">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Tooltip/styles.css" title="Template:Tooltip/styles.css">Template:Tooltip/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Tooltip/styles.css&action=edit" title="Template:Tooltip/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Top_icon" title="Template:Top icon">Template:Top icon</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Top_icon&action=edit" title="Template:Top icon">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikt-lang" title="Template:Wikt-lang">Template:Wikt-lang</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Wikt-lang&action=edit" title="Template:Wikt-lang">view source</a>) (extended confirmed protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yesno" title="Template:Yesno">Template:Yesno</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Yesno&action=edit" title="Template:Yesno">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yesno-no" title="Template:Yesno-no">Template:Yesno-no</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Yesno-no&action=edit" title="Template:Yesno-no">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yesno-yes" title="Template:Yesno-yes">Template:Yesno-yes</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Yesno-yes&action=edit" title="Template:Yesno-yes">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Ancient_Greek" title="Module:Ancient Greek">Module:Ancient Greek</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Ancient_Greek&action=edit" title="Module:Ancient Greek">view source</a>) (semi-protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Arguments" title="Module:Arguments">Module:Arguments</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Arguments&action=edit" title="Module:Arguments">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control" title="Module:Authority control">Module:Authority control</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Authority_control&action=edit" title="Module:Authority control">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control/auxiliary" title="Module:Authority control/auxiliary">Module:Authority control/auxiliary</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Authority_control/auxiliary&action=edit" title="Module:Authority control/auxiliary">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Authority_control/config" title="Module:Authority control/config">Module:Authority control/config</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Authority_control/config&action=edit" title="Module:Authority control/config">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Automated_taxobox" title="Module:Automated taxobox">Module:Automated taxobox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Automated_taxobox&action=edit" title="Module:Automated taxobox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Autotaxobox" title="Module:Autotaxobox">Module:Autotaxobox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Autotaxobox&action=edit" title="Module:Autotaxobox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler" title="Module:Category handler">Module:Category handler</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler/blacklist" title="Module:Category handler/blacklist">Module:Category handler/blacklist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler/blacklist&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler/blacklist">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler/config" title="Module:Category handler/config">Module:Category handler/config</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler/config&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler/config">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler/data" title="Module:Category handler/data">Module:Category handler/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler/data&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler/data">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Category_handler/shared" title="Module:Category handler/shared">Module:Category handler/shared</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Category_handler/shared&action=edit" title="Module:Category handler/shared">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Check_for_unknown_parameters" title="Module:Check for unknown parameters">Module:Check for unknown parameters</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Check_for_unknown_parameters&action=edit" title="Module:Check for unknown parameters">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1" title="Module:Citation/CS1">Module:Citation/CS1</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/COinS" title="Module:Citation/CS1/COinS">Module:Citation/CS1/COinS</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/COinS&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/COinS">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration">Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation">Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers">Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities">Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist">Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css" title="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css">Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Clade" title="Module:Clade">Module:Clade</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Clade&action=edit" title="Module:Clade">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Commons_link" title="Module:Commons link">Module:Commons link</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Commons_link&action=edit" title="Module:Commons link">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Convert" title="Module:Convert">Module:Convert</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Convert&action=edit" title="Module:Convert">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Convert/data" title="Module:Convert/data">Module:Convert/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Convert/data&action=edit" title="Module:Convert/data">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Convert/text" title="Module:Convert/text">Module:Convert/text</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Convert/text&action=edit" title="Module:Convert/text">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Delink" title="Module:Delink">Module:Delink</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Delink&action=edit" title="Module:Delink">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Disambiguation/templates" title="Module:Disambiguation/templates">Module:Disambiguation/templates</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Disambiguation/templates&action=edit" title="Module:Disambiguation/templates">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:EditAtWikidata" title="Module:EditAtWikidata">Module:EditAtWikidata</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:EditAtWikidata&action=edit" title="Module:EditAtWikidata">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Exponential_search" title="Module:Exponential search">Module:Exponential search</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Exponential_search&action=edit" title="Module:Exponential search">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Footnotes" title="Module:Footnotes">Module:Footnotes</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Footnotes&action=edit" title="Module:Footnotes">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Format_link" title="Module:Format link">Module:Format link</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Format_link&action=edit" title="Module:Format link">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Hatnote" title="Module:Hatnote">Module:Hatnote</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Hatnote&action=edit" title="Module:Hatnote">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Hatnote/styles.css" title="Module:Hatnote/styles.css">Module:Hatnote/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Hatnote/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Hatnote/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Hatnote_list" title="Module:Hatnote list">Module:Hatnote list</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Hatnote_list&action=edit" title="Module:Hatnote list">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:ISO_639_name" title="Module:ISO 639 name">Module:ISO 639 name</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:ISO_639_name&action=edit" title="Module:ISO 639 name">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639-1" title="Module:ISO 639 name/ISO 639-1">Module:ISO 639 name/ISO 639-1</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639-1&action=edit" title="Module:ISO 639 name/ISO 639-1">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639-2" title="Module:ISO 639 name/ISO 639-2">Module:ISO 639 name/ISO 639-2</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639-2&action=edit" title="Module:ISO 639 name/ISO 639-2">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639-3_(dep)" title="Module:ISO 639 name/ISO 639-3 (dep)">Module:ISO 639 name/ISO 639-3 (dep)</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639-3_(dep)&action=edit" title="Module:ISO 639 name/ISO 639-3 (dep)">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639_deprecated" title="Module:ISO 639 name/ISO 639 deprecated">Module:ISO 639 name/ISO 639 deprecated</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639_deprecated&action=edit" title="Module:ISO 639 name/ISO 639 deprecated">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639_override" title="Module:ISO 639 name/ISO 639 override">Module:ISO 639 name/ISO 639 override</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639_override&action=edit" title="Module:ISO 639 name/ISO 639 override">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:If_empty" title="Module:If empty">Module:If empty</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:If_empty&action=edit" title="Module:If empty">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:InfoboxImage" title="Module:InfoboxImage">Module:InfoboxImage</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:InfoboxImage&action=edit" title="Module:InfoboxImage">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Italic_title" title="Module:Italic title">Module:Italic title</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Italic_title&action=edit" title="Module:Italic title">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Labelled_list_hatnote" title="Module:Labelled list hatnote">Module:Labelled list hatnote</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Labelled_list_hatnote&action=edit" title="Module:Labelled list hatnote">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang/data" title="Module:Lang/data">Module:Lang/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/data&action=edit" title="Module:Lang/data">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang/data/iana_languages" title="Module:Lang/data/iana languages">Module:Lang/data/iana languages</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/data/iana_languages&action=edit" title="Module:Lang/data/iana languages">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang/data/iana_regions" title="Module:Lang/data/iana regions">Module:Lang/data/iana regions</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/data/iana_regions&action=edit" title="Module:Lang/data/iana regions">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang/data/iana_scripts" title="Module:Lang/data/iana scripts">Module:Lang/data/iana scripts</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/data/iana_scripts&action=edit" title="Module:Lang/data/iana scripts">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang/data/iana_suppressed_scripts" title="Module:Lang/data/iana suppressed scripts">Module:Lang/data/iana suppressed scripts</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/data/iana_suppressed_scripts&action=edit" title="Module:Lang/data/iana suppressed scripts">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Lang/data/iana_variants" title="Module:Lang/data/iana variants">Module:Lang/data/iana variants</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Lang/data/iana_variants&action=edit" title="Module:Lang/data/iana variants">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:MultiReplace" title="Module:MultiReplace">Module:MultiReplace</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:MultiReplace&action=edit" title="Module:MultiReplace">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Namespace_detect/config" title="Module:Namespace detect/config">Module:Namespace detect/config</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Namespace_detect/config&action=edit" title="Module:Namespace detect/config">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Namespace_detect/data" title="Module:Namespace detect/data">Module:Namespace detect/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Namespace_detect/data&action=edit" title="Module:Namespace detect/data">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbar" title="Module:Navbar">Module:Navbar</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbar&action=edit" title="Module:Navbar">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbar/configuration" title="Module:Navbar/configuration">Module:Navbar/configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbar/configuration&action=edit" title="Module:Navbar/configuration">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbar/styles.css" title="Module:Navbar/styles.css">Module:Navbar/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbar/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Navbar/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbox" title="Module:Navbox">Module:Navbox</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbox&action=edit" title="Module:Navbox">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbox/configuration" title="Module:Navbox/configuration">Module:Navbox/configuration</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbox/configuration&action=edit" title="Module:Navbox/configuration">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Navbox/styles.css" title="Module:Navbox/styles.css">Module:Navbox/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Navbox/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Navbox/styles.css">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype" title="Module:Pagetype">Module:Pagetype</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/config" title="Module:Pagetype/config">Module:Pagetype/config</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/config&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype/config">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/disambiguation" class="mw-redirect" title="Module:Pagetype/disambiguation">Module:Pagetype/disambiguation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/disambiguation&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Module:Pagetype/disambiguation">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/rfd" title="Module:Pagetype/rfd">Module:Pagetype/rfd</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/rfd&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype/rfd">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/setindex" title="Module:Pagetype/setindex">Module:Pagetype/setindex</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/setindex&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype/setindex">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Pagetype/softredirect" title="Module:Pagetype/softredirect">Module:Pagetype/softredirect</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Pagetype/softredirect&action=edit" title="Module:Pagetype/softredirect">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Portal" title="Module:Portal">Module:Portal</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Portal&action=edit" title="Module:Portal">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Portal/images/c" title="Module:Portal/images/c">Module:Portal/images/c</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Portal/images/c&action=edit" title="Module:Portal/images/c">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Portal/styles.css" title="Module:Portal/styles.css">Module:Portal/styles.css</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Portal/styles.css&action=edit" title="Module:Portal/styles.css">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:ResolveEntityId" title="Module:ResolveEntityId">Module:ResolveEntityId</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:ResolveEntityId&action=edit" title="Module:ResolveEntityId">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:SDcat" title="Module:SDcat">Module:SDcat</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:SDcat&action=edit" title="Module:SDcat">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:String" title="Module:String">Module:String</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:String&action=edit" title="Module:String">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:TableTools" title="Module:TableTools">Module:TableTools</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:TableTools&action=edit" title="Module:TableTools">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:TaxonItalics" title="Module:TaxonItalics">Module:TaxonItalics</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:TaxonItalics&action=edit" title="Module:TaxonItalics">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Taxonbar" title="Module:Taxonbar">Module:Taxonbar</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Taxonbar&action=edit" title="Module:Taxonbar">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Taxonbar/candidate" title="Module:Taxonbar/candidate">Module:Taxonbar/candidate</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Taxonbar/candidate&action=edit" title="Module:Taxonbar/candidate">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Taxonbar/conf" title="Module:Taxonbar/conf">Module:Taxonbar/conf</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Taxonbar/conf&action=edit" title="Module:Taxonbar/conf">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Taxonbar/exists" title="Module:Taxonbar/exists">Module:Taxonbar/exists</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Taxonbar/exists&action=edit" title="Module:Taxonbar/exists">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Taxonbar/whitelist" title="Module:Taxonbar/whitelist">Module:Taxonbar/whitelist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Taxonbar/whitelist&action=edit" title="Module:Taxonbar/whitelist">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Template_redirect_regex" title="Module:Template redirect regex">Module:Template redirect regex</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Template_redirect_regex&action=edit" title="Module:Template redirect regex">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Template_wrapper" title="Module:Template wrapper">Module:Template wrapper</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Template_wrapper&action=edit" title="Module:Template wrapper">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Unicode_data" title="Module:Unicode data">Module:Unicode data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Unicode_data&action=edit" title="Module:Unicode data">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Unicode_data/scripts" title="Module:Unicode data/scripts">Module:Unicode data/scripts</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Unicode_data/scripts&action=edit" title="Module:Unicode data/scripts">view source</a>) (template editor protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Wikitext_Parsing" title="Module:Wikitext Parsing">Module:Wikitext Parsing</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikitext_Parsing&action=edit" title="Module:Wikitext Parsing">view source</a>) (protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Wikt-lang" title="Module:Wikt-lang">Module:Wikt-lang</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikt-lang&action=edit" title="Module:Wikt-lang">view source</a>) (extended confirmed protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Wikt-lang/data" title="Module:Wikt-lang/data">Module:Wikt-lang/data</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Wikt-lang/data&action=edit" title="Module:Wikt-lang/data">view source</a>) (extended confirmed protected)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Yesno" title="Module:Yesno">Module:Yesno</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Yesno&action=edit" title="Module:Yesno">view source</a>) (protected)</li></ul></div><p id="mw-returnto">Return to <a href="/wiki/Malacostraca" title="Malacostraca">Malacostraca</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacostraca">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacostraca</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malacostraca&action=edit&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-7df8cc9775-f462g","wgBackendResponseTime":469,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.053","walltime":"0.072","ppvisitednodes":{"value":418,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":17740,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6556,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":469,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 49.237 1 -total"," 99.86% 49.168 2 Template:Blocked_text"," 42.06% 20.711 2 Template:Replace"," 39.07% 19.236 1 Template:Colocationwebhost"," 35.63% 17.545 1 Template:Hidden"," 15.27% 7.517 1 Template:Hidden_begin"," 14.67% 7.223 1 Template:Tlx"," 2.39% 1.179 1 MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake"," 2.22% 1.095 1 Template:Hidden_end"," 2.01% 0.990 1 MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake-email-steward"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.010","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1043268,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.canary-7df8cc9775-f462g","timestamp":"20241127203622","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>