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crust</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="قشرة قارية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قشرة قارية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosta_continental" title="Crosta continental – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Crosta continental" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materik_yer_qab%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Materik yer qabığı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Materik yer qabığı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="महादीपी क्रस्ट – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="महादीपी क्रस्ट" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Континентална кора – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Континентална кора" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinent%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_k%C5%AFra" title="Kontinentální kůra – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kontinentální kůra" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinentalplade" title="Kontinentalplade – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kontinentalplade" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinentale_Erdkruste" title="Kontinentale Erdkruste – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kontinentale Erdkruste" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandriline_maakoor" title="Mandriline maakoor – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mandriline maakoor" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_crust" title="Continental crust – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Continental crust" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corteza_continental" title="Corteza continental – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Corteza continental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinenta_terkrusto" title="Kontinenta terkrusto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kontinenta terkrusto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurrazal_kontinental" title="Lurrazal kontinental – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lurrazal kontinental" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="پوسته قاره‌ای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پوسته قاره‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cro%C3%BBte_continentale" title="Croûte continentale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Croûte continentale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codia_continental" title="Codia continental – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Codia continental" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%A5%99_%EC%A7%80%EA%B0%81" title="대륙 지각 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대륙 지각" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="महाद्वीपीय भूपर्पटी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="महाद्वीपीय भूपर्पटी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinentala_ter-krusto" title="Kontinentala ter-krusto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kontinentala ter-krusto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerak_benua" title="Kerak benua – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kerak benua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meginlandsskorpa" title="Meginlandsskorpa – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Meginlandsskorpa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosta_continentale" title="Crosta continentale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Crosta continentale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinent%C4%81l%C4%81_Zemes_garoza" title="Kontinentālā Zemes garoza – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kontinentālā Zemes garoza" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Континентална кора – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Континентална кора" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continentale_lithosfeer" title="Continentale lithosfeer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Continentale lithosfeer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E5%9C%B0%E6%AE%BB" title="大陸地殻 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="大陸地殻" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skorupa_ziemska_kontynentalna" title="Skorupa ziemska kontynentalna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skorupa ziemska kontynentalna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusta_continental" title="Crusta continental – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Crusta continental" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Континентальная кора – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Континентальная кора" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korja_kontinentale" title="Korja kontinentale – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Korja kontinentale" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinent%C3%A1lna_zemsk%C3%A1_k%C3%B4ra" title="Kontinentálna zemská kôra – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kontinentálna zemská kôra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinentalna_skorja" title="Kontinentalna skorja – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kontinentalna skorja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Континентална кора – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Континентална кора" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9B" title="เปลือกโลกภาคพื้นทวีป – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เปลือกโลกภาคพื้นทวีป" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1tasal_kabuk" title="Kıtasal kabuk – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kıtasal kabuk" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Континентальна земна кора – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Континентальна земна кора" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosta_continenta%C5%82e" title="Crosta continentałe – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Crosta continentałe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BB%8F_l%E1%BB%A5c_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Ba" title="Vỏ lục địa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vỏ lục địa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3" title="大陆地壳 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大陆地壳" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korak_Benua" title="Korak Benua – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Korak Benua" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q858571#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_relief_map_with_isopachs_of_crustal_thickness.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/World_relief_map_with_isopachs_of_crustal_thickness.jpg/350px-World_relief_map_with_isopachs_of_crustal_thickness.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/World_relief_map_with_isopachs_of_crustal_thickness.jpg/525px-World_relief_map_with_isopachs_of_crustal_thickness.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/World_relief_map_with_isopachs_of_crustal_thickness.jpg 2x" data-file-width="636" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>The thickness of the Earth's crust (km).</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>continental crust</b> is the layer of <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granitic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">sedimentary</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rock" title="Metamorphic rock">metamorphic rocks</a> which form the <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continents</a> and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as <a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf" title="Continental shelf">continental shelves</a>. </p><p>It consists mostly of <a href="/wiki/Feldspar" title="Feldspar">feldspar</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Sial" class="mw-disambig" title="Sial">sialic</a> rocks. It is less <a href="/wiki/Dense" class="mw-redirect" title="Dense">dense</a> than the material of the Earth's <a href="/wiki/Mantle_(geology)" title="Mantle (geology)">mantle</a>, which consists of <a href="/wiki/Mafic" title="Mafic">mafic</a> rock. Continental crust is also less dense than <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_crust" title="Oceanic crust">oceanic crust</a>, though it is considerably thicker; mostly 35 to 40 km versus the average oceanic thickness of around 7–10 km. About 40% of the Earth's surface lies on-top of continental crust. </p><p>The continental crust is separated from the <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_crust" title="Oceanic crust">oceanic crust</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Continental_margin" title="Continental margin">continental margin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Continental_crust&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Continental_crust&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_crust" title="Oceanic crust">Oceanic crust</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Continental_crust&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Continental_crust&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Butler, Rob, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://earth.leeds.ac.uk/assyntgeology/extra_info/ehistory.htm">Making new continents</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060620032323/http://earth.leeds.ac.uk/assyntgeology/extra_info/ehistory.htm">Archived</a> 2006-06-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed 01/29/2006</li> <li>Saal, A.L., Rudnick R.L., Ravizza G.E. & Hart S.R., 1998. <i>Re-Os <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotope_geochemistry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isotope geochemistry (not yet started)">isotope</a> evdence for the composition, formation and age of the lower crust.</i> Nature, 39317, 1998.</li> <li>Taylor and McLennan, 1995, <i>Model of growth of continental crust through time</i> in John Victor Walther, 2005, <i>Essentials Of Geochemistry</i>, Jones & Bartlett, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7637-2642-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7637-2642-7">0-7637-2642-7</a></li> <li>von Huene, R. and D.W. Scholl, 1991. "Observations at convergent margins concerning sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and the growth of continental crust." Reviews of Geophysics, 29, 279-316.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Continental_crust&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Continental_crust&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geo.cornell.edu/geology/classes/geochemdata/CrustalAbundances.html">Average composition of Continental Crust</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quake.wr.usgs.gov/research/structure/CrustalStructure">Crust 5.1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080908040832/http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/research/structure/CrustalStructure">Archived</a> 2008-09-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Continental_crust&oldid=8839495">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Continental_crust&oldid=8839495</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geology" title="Category:Geology">Geology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 24 May 2023, at 13:48.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. 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