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class="vector-dropdown-label-text">個人用ツール</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="利用者メニュー" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ja.wikipedia.org&uselang=ja"><span>寄付</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%90&returnto=%E7%AA%92%E7%B4%A0%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A%E8%8F%8C" title="アカウントを作成してログインすることをお勧めしますが、必須ではありません"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>アカウント作成</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B0%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3&returnto=%E7%AA%92%E7%B4%A0%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A%E8%8F%8C" title="ログインすることを推奨します。ただし、必須ではありません。 [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ログイン</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ログアウトした編集者のページ <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AD%E3%83%9A%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%81%B8%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%93%E3%81%9D" aria-label="編集の詳細"><span>もっと詳しく</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E8%87%AA%E5%88%86%E3%81%AE%E6%8A%95%E7%A8%BF%E8%A8%98%E9%8C%B2" title="このIPアドレスからなされた編集の一覧 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>投稿記録</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8" title="このIPアドレスからなされた編集についての議論 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>トーク</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="サイト"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目次" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目次</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">サイドバーに移動</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">非表示</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ページ先頭</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-概要" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概要"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>概要</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概要-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-窒素固定酵素（ニトロゲナーゼ）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#窒素固定酵素（ニトロゲナーゼ）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>窒素固定酵素（ニトロゲナーゼ）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-窒素固定酵素（ニトロゲナーゼ）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-脚注" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#脚注"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>脚注</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-脚注-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-関連項目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#関連項目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>関連項目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-関連項目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目次" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="目次の表示・非表示を切り替え" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">目次の表示・非表示を切り替え</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">窒素固定菌</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="特定の記事の別の言語版に移動します。利用可能な言語16件" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16の言語版</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81" title="アラビア語: دايازتروف" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دايازتروف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="アラビア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diazotrofia" title="カタロニア語: Diazotrofia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Diazotrofia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="カタロニア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diazotrophie" title="ドイツ語: Diazotrophie" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Diazotrophie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ドイツ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diazotroph" title="英語: Diazotroph" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Diazotroph" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaz%C3%B3trofo" title="スペイン語: Diazótrofo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Diazótrofo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="スペイン語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81" title="ペルシア語: دیازوتروف" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیازوتروف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ペルシア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diazotrofi" title="イタリア語: Diazotrofi" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Diazotrofi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="イタリア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%88%EC%86%8C_%EA%B3%A0%EC%A0%95_%EC%84%B8%EA%B7%A0" title="韓国語: 질소 고정 세균" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="질소 고정 세균" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓国語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="モンゴル語: Диазотроп" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Диазотроп" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="モンゴル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%AD%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%80" title="オディア語: ଦ୍ୱିଆଜୋଭୋଜୀ" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଦ୍ୱିଆଜୋଭୋଜୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="オディア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diazotrofia" title="ポーランド語: Diazotrofia" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Diazotrofia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ポーランド語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diazotrofismo" title="ポルトガル語: Diazotrofismo" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Diazotrofismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ポルトガル語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="セルビア語: Азотофиксатор" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Азотофиксатор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="セルビア語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89" title="タイ語: แบคทีเรียที่ตรึงไนโตรเจนได้" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แบคทีเรียที่ตรึงไนโตรเจนได้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="タイ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8" title="ウクライナ語: Діазотрофи" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Діазотрофи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ウクライナ語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E6%B0%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="中国語: 固氮生物" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="固氮生物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中国語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q902470#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="言語間リンクを編集" class="wbc-editpage">リンクを編集</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="名前空間"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%92%E7%B4%A0%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A%E8%8F%8C" title="本文を閲覧 [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ページ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88:%E7%AA%92%E7%B4%A0%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A%E8%8F%8C" rel="discussion" title="本文ページについての議論 [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ノート</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="別の言語に切り替える" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">日本語</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="表示"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%92%E7%B4%A0%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A%E8%8F%8C"><span>閲覧</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AA%92%E7%B4%A0%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A%E8%8F%8C&action=edit" title="このページのソースコードを編集する [e]" accesskey="e"><span>編集</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AA%92%E7%B4%A0%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A%E8%8F%8C&action=history" title="このページの過去の版 [h]" accesskey="h"><span>履歴表示</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ページツール"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ツール" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ツール</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ツール</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">サイドバーに移動</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">非表示</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="その他の操作" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%92%E7%B4%A0%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A%E8%8F%8C"><span>閲覧</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AA%92%E7%B4%A0%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A%E8%8F%8C&action=edit" title="このページのソースコードを編集する [e]" accesskey="e"><span>編集</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AA%92%E7%B4%A0%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A%E8%8F%8C&action=history"><span>履歴表示</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" 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class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ページツール"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="表示"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">表示</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">サイドバーに移動</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Nitrogen_Cycle_ja.svg/450px-Nitrogen_Cycle_ja.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Nitrogen_Cycle_ja.svg/600px-Nitrogen_Cycle_ja.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%92%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" title="窒素循環">窒素循環</a>のモデル図</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB:Astragalus_sinicus_genge_konryu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Astragalus_sinicus_genge_konryu.jpg/220px-Astragalus_sinicus_genge_konryu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Astragalus_sinicus_genge_konryu.jpg/330px-Astragalus_sinicus_genge_konryu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Astragalus_sinicus_genge_konryu.jpg/440px-Astragalus_sinicus_genge_konryu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E3%82%B2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B2" title="ゲンゲ">ゲンゲ</a>の<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E7%B2%92" title="根粒">根粒</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>窒素固定菌</b>（ちっそこていきん、英：diazotroph）とは、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%97" title="地球の大気">大気</a>中の<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%92%E7%B4%A0" title="窒素">窒素</a>を生体内に取り込む<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%92%E7%B4%A0%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A" title="窒素固定">窒素固定</a>能力をもつ<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%8F%8C" title="細菌">細菌</a>や<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%B4%B0%E8%8F%8C" title="古細菌">古細菌</a>のこと。<b>ジアゾ栄養生物</b>とも呼ぶ。<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%92%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" title="窒素循環">窒素循環</a>の重要な一部を構成する。<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="真核生物">真核生物</a>では知られておらず、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a>は<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2" title="アンモニア">アンモニア</a>および<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8" title="硝酸">硝酸</a>の同化、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="有機化合物">有機物</a>中の窒素は利用できるが、窒素固定はできない。 </p><p>窒素固定という場合、無機物である硝酸の同化も窒素固定であるが、多くの場合大気中の窒素固定を指す。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概要"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.A6.81"></span>概要</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AA%92%E7%B4%A0%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A%E8%8F%8C&action=edit&section=1" title="節を編集: 概要"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>窒素は地球上の大気の主要構成要素であるが、そのままでは不活性な気体である。この窒素ガスは窒素固定菌により生物に利用可能な形（<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2" title="アンモニア">アンモニア</a>）に変換される。生体内においては、有機物中の窒素のアンモニア化、アンモニアを硝酸まで酸化する<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="硝化">硝化</a>過程、硝酸塩を気体の窒素まで還元する<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E9%82%84%E5%85%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="「硝酸還元」 (存在しないページ)">硝酸還元</a>（脱窒）過程などとともに、窒素循環の一部を成している。 </p><p>窒素固定菌の一種として<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E7%B2%92%E8%8F%8C" title="根粒菌">根粒菌</a>が知られ、<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B2%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BC" title="ニトロゲナーゼ">ニトロゲナーゼ</a>と呼ばれる<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B5%E7%B4%A0" title="酵素">酵素</a>によって大気中の窒素を還元して<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2" title="アンモニア">アンモニア</a>（NH<sub>3</sub>）に変換する。固定反応は次式のように表される。 </p> <dl><dd>N<sub>2</sub> + 8H<sup>+</sup> + 8e<sup>-</sup> + 16 <a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%87%E3%83%8E%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E4%B8%89%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E9%85%B8" title="アデノシン三リン酸">ATP</a> → 2NH<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub> + 16<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%87%E3%83%8E%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E4%BA%8C%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E9%85%B8" title="アデノシン二リン酸">ADP</a> + 16 <a href="/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E9%85%B8" title="リン酸">Pi</a></dd></dl> <p>直接の反応生成物はアンモニアであるが、これはすぐに<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="イオン (化学)">イオン</a>化されて<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="アンモニウム">アンモニウム</a>（NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>）になる。ニトロゲナーゼで作られたアンモニウムは、グルタミンシンセターゼ／グルタミン酸シンターゼ経路によって<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%AC%9D#同化" title="代謝">同化</a>され、<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3%E9%85%B8" title="グルタミン酸">グルタミン酸</a>塩となる。また、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9C%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E8%8F%8C" title="亜硝酸菌">亜硝酸菌</a>や<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E8%8F%8C" title="硝酸菌">硝酸菌</a>といった<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E5%8C%96%E7%B4%B0%E8%8F%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="硝化細菌">硝化細菌</a>の存在下では、最終的にアンモニウム塩は<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E5%A1%A9" title="硝酸塩">硝酸塩</a>として、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a>が利用できる形になる。 </p><p>また、<a href="/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA" title="シロアリ">シロアリ</a>の体内共生菌には窒素を固定する種が含まれる<sup id="cite_ref-zensen_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zensen-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="窒素固定酵素（ニトロゲナーゼ）"><span id=".E7.AA.92.E7.B4.A0.E5.9B.BA.E5.AE.9A.E9.85.B5.E7.B4.A0.EF.BC.88.E3.83.8B.E3.83.88.E3.83.AD.E3.82.B2.E3.83.8A.E3.83.BC.E3.82.BC.EF.BC.89"></span>窒素固定酵素（ニトロゲナーゼ）</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AA%92%E7%B4%A0%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A%E8%8F%8C&action=edit&section=2" title="節を編集: 窒素固定酵素（ニトロゲナーゼ）"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ニトロゲナーゼをもつ生物はすべて窒素固定菌に分類される。大部分はバクテリアだが、一部古細菌も含まれる。ニトロゲナーゼには3つのグループがあり（Nif, Vnf, Anf）<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、それぞれ酵素反応は<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%96%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3" title="モリブデン">モリブデン</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="バナジウム">バナジウム</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%84" title="鉄">鉄</a>に依存している。これらの酵素はすべて互いに相同で、すなわち窒素固定の起源はただ一つと推測される。窒素固定に最低限必要な遺伝子の数は6つと推測されている（nifHDKENB）<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="脚注"><span id=".E8.84.9A.E6.B3.A8"></span>脚注</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AA%92%E7%B4%A0%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A%E8%8F%8C&action=edit&section=3" title="節を編集: 脚注"><span>編集</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="float:right; font-size:90%;">[<a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%84%9A%E6%B3%A8/%E8%AA%AD%E8%80%85%E5%90%91%E3%81%91" title="Help:脚注/読者向け"><span title="この欄の操作法">脚注の使い方</span></a>]</div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-zensen-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zensen_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jst.go.jp/kisoken/seika/zensen/04kudou/">腸内微生物との共生関係の不思議</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="citation journal">Dos Santos, Patricia C; Fang, Zhong; Mason, Steven W; Setubal, João C; Dixon, Ray (2012-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-13-162">“Distribution of nitrogen fixation and nitrogenase-like sequences amongst microbial genomes”</a> (英語). <i>BMC Genomics</i> <b>13</b> (1): 162. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (識別子)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2164-13-162">10.1186/1471-2164-13-162</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r101121245">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja1 q,.mw-parser-output .citation.cs-ja2 q{quotes:"「""」""『""』"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:var(--color-success,#3a3);margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/ja/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1471-2164">1471-2164</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (識別子)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3464626/">3464626</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r101121245"><a href="/wiki/PMID_(%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%90)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (識別子)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22554235/">22554235</a><span style="display:none;">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-13-162">https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-13-162</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+nitrogen+fixation+and+nitrogenase-like+sequences+amongst+microbial+genomes&rft.jtitle=BMC+Genomics&rft.aulast=Dos+Santos&rft.aufirst=Patricia+C&rft.au=Dos+Santos%2C%26%2332%3BPatricia+C&rft.au=Fang%2C%26%2332%3BZhong&rft.au=Mason%2C%26%2332%3BSteven+W&rft.au=Setubal%2C%26%2332%3BJo%C3%A3o+C&rft.au=Dixon%2C%26%2332%3BRay&rft.date=2012-12&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=162&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1471-2164-13-162&rft.issn=1471-2164&rft_id=info:pmc/3464626&rft_id=info:pmid/22554235&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com%2Farticles%2F10.1186%2F1471-2164-13-162&rfr_id=info:sid/ja.wikipedia.org:%E7%AA%92%E7%B4%A0%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A%E8%8F%8C"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="関連項目"><span id=".E9.96.A2.E9.80.A3.E9.A0.85.E7.9B.AE"></span>関連項目</h2><span 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