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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Use</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Use subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Culinary_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culinary_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Culinary use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culinary_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drug_precursor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drug_precursor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Drug precursor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drug_precursor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toxicity_of_related_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toxicity_of_related_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Toxicity of related species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toxicity_of_related_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISO_Standardization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISO_Standardization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>ISO Standardization</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ISO_Standardization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ISO Standardization subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ISO_Standardization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Identification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Identification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Identification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Differentiation_from_other_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Differentiation_from_other_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Differentiation from other species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Differentiation_from_other_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Specifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Illicium verum</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 68 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steranys" title="Steranys – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Steranys" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A" title="ليسوم حقيقي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليسوم حقيقي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illicium_verum" title="Illicium verum – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Illicium verum" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illicium_verum" title="Illicium verum – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Illicium verum" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kembang_pekak" title="Kembang pekak – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kembang pekak" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF" title="তারকা মৌরি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তারকা মৌরি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peh-kak" title="Peh-kak – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Peh-kak" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Бадзян сапраўдны – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бадзян сапраўдны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Звездовиден анасон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Звездовиден анасон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%99%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="གོ་སྙོད་ཟུར་བརྒྱད། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གོ་སྙོད་ཟུར་བརྒྱད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%ADs_estrellat" title="Anís estrellat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anís estrellat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illicium_verum" title="Illicium verum – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Illicium verum" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bady%C3%A1n%C3%ADk_prav%C3%BD" title="Badyáník pravý – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Badyáník pravý" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stjerneanis_(plante)" title="Stjerneanis (plante) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stjerneanis (plante)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echter_Sternanis" title="Echter Sternanis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Echter Sternanis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harilik_t%C3%A4htaniisipuu" title="Harilik tähtaniisipuu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Harilik tähtaniisipuu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Αστεροειδής γλυκάνισος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αστεροειδής γλυκάνισος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illicium_verum" title="Illicium verum – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Illicium verum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txinatar_anis" title="Txinatar anis – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txinatar anis" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="بادیان ختایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بادیان ختایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badianier_de_Chine" title="Badianier de Chine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Badianier de Chine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%ADs_estrelado" title="Anís estrelado – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Anís estrelado" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="બાદિયાન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બાદિયાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat-kok" title="Pat-kok – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pat-kok" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%94%EA%B0%81" title="팔각 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="팔각" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2" title="चक्रफूल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चक्रफूल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunga_lawang" title="Bunga lawang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bunga lawang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illicium_verum" title="Illicium verum – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Illicium verum" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%91_%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1" title="כוכב אניס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כוכב אניס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kembang_lawang" title="Kembang lawang – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kembang lawang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81" title="ಮರಾಟಿಮೊಗ್ಗು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮರಾಟಿಮೊಗ್ಗು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangke" title="Sangke – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Sangke" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illicium_verum" title="Illicium verum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Illicium verum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csillag%C3%A1nizs" title="Csillagánizs – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csillagánizs" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" title="തക്കോലം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തക്കോലം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2" title="चक्रफूल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चक्रफूल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85" title="ليسوم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليسوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunga_lawang" title="Bunga lawang – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bunga lawang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bungo_lawang" title="Bungo lawang – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bungo lawang" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steranijs" title="Steranijs – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Steranijs" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_anise&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Star anise">Star anise</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Star anise, a medium-sized evergreen tree native to northeast Vietnam and southeast China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Star anise" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_plants_known_as_star_anise" title="List of plants known as star anise">list of plants known as star anise</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg/36px-Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg/54px-Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg/72px-Merge-split-transwiki_default.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>A request that this article title be changed to <i><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star_anise&redirect=no">Star anise</a></span></i> is <a href="/wiki/Talk:Illicium_verum#Requested_move_18_November_2024" title="Talk:Illicium verum">under discussion</a></b>. Please <em>do not move</em> this article until the discussion is closed.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Illicium verum</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Illicium_verum_1zz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Illicium_verum_1zz.jpg/220px-Illicium_verum_1zz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Illicium_verum_1zz.jpg/330px-Illicium_verum_1zz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Illicium_verum_1zz.jpg/440px-Illicium_verum_1zz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i>Illicium verum</i> at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Arboretum" title="United States National Arboretum">United States National Arboretum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dried_Star_Anise_Fruit_Seeds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Dried_Star_Anise_Fruit_Seeds.jpg/220px-Dried_Star_Anise_Fruit_Seeds.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Dried_Star_Anise_Fruit_Seeds.jpg/330px-Dried_Star_Anise_Fruit_Seeds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Dried_Star_Anise_Fruit_Seeds.jpg/440px-Dried_Star_Anise_Fruit_Seeds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Star anise fruits and seeds </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Illicium" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Austrobaileyales" title="Austrobaileyales">Austrobaileyales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Schisandraceae" title="Schisandraceae">Schisandraceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illicium" title="Illicium"><i>Illicium</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>I. verum</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Illicium verum</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Hook.f." class="mw-redirect" title="Hook.f.">Hook.f.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em;"> <ul><li><i>Illicium san-ki</i> <small>Perr.</small></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Illicium verum</b></i> (<b>star anise</b> or <b>badian</b>, <b>Chinese star anise</b>, <b>star anise seed</b>, <b>star aniseed</b> and <b>star of anise</b>) is a medium-sized <a href="/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen">evergreen</a> tree native to <a href="/wiki/South_China" title="South China">South China</a> and northeast <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>. Its star-shaped <a href="/wiki/Pericarp" class="mw-redirect" title="Pericarp">pericarps</a> harvested just before ripening is a <a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spice</a> that closely resembles <a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">anise</a> in flavor. Its primary production country is China, followed by Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Star anise oil is a highly fragrant oil used in cooking, perfumery, soaps, toothpastes, mouthwashes, and skin creams. Until 2012, when they switched to using <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">genetically modified</a> <i><a href="/wiki/E._coli" class="mw-redirect" title="E. coli">E. coli</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Roche_Pharmaceuticals" class="mw-redirect" title="Roche Pharmaceuticals">Roche Pharmaceuticals</a> used up to 90% of the world's annual star anise crop to produce <a href="/wiki/Oseltamivir" title="Oseltamivir">oseltamivir</a> (Tamiflu) via <a href="/wiki/Shikimic_acid" title="Shikimic acid">shikimic acid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_nomenclature">Etymology and nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illicium_verum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Star anise</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">八角</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">"eight-horns"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">bājiǎo</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[pá.tɕjàʊ]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">baat-gok</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[pat̚˧ kɔk̚˧]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">peh-kak</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>Illicium</i> comes from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">illicio</i></span> meaning "entice" or "seduce".<sup id="cite_ref-gledhill_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gledhill-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Verum</i> means "true" or "genuine".<sup id="cite_ref-gledhill_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gledhill-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name "badian" appears to derive, via French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">badiane</i></span>, from the apparently descriptive <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> name for it, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">八角</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">bājiǎo</span></i>, lit. "eight horns". However, a derivation from the <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> <span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" class="extiw" title="wikt:بادیان">بادیان</a></span></span> <span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">bādiyān</i></span><i>,</i> "<a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">fennel</a>", exists, with the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> indicating that its origin before that is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illicium_verum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leaves are aromatic, simple and lanceolate, obovate-elliptic or elliptic, size of 5–15 cm × 2–5 cm, coriaceous to thickly coriaceous.<sup id="cite_ref-pu_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pu-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leaves are 5–15 cm × 1.5–5 cm, apex acute, lower side pubescent.<sup id="cite_ref-pu_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pu-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flowers are solitary, bisexual, pink to dark red, axillary or subterminal.<sup id="cite_ref-pu_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pu-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The perianth has lobes 7–12, arranged spirally; stamens number of 11–20, arranged spirally, with short, thick filaments; carpels usually 8, free, arranged in a single whorl. Flower peduncle size is 1.5–4 cm, tepals number range from seven to twelve, and are broadly elliptic to broadly ovate, anthers size is 1–1.5 mm, pollen grains trisyncolpate.<sup id="cite_ref-pu_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pu-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wang_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wang-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fruit is a capsule-like follicetum, star-shaped, reddish-brown, consisting of six to eight follicles arranged in a whorl.<sup id="cite_ref-pu_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pu-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each follicle is boat-shaped, 1–2 cm long, rough and rigid, color reddish-brown, with 1 seed, opening along the ventral edge when ripe.<sup id="cite_ref-pu_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pu-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> carpels size of 10 mm long, boat-shaped; they are hard and wrinkled, containing one seed. Seeds are brown, compressed ovoid, smooth, shiny and brittle with approximate size of 8–9 mm × 6 mm.<sup id="cite_ref-pu_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pu-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wang_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wang-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Differences with similar taxa: <i>Illicium anisatum</i> had smaller fruits that does not form a regular star due to the abortion of some carpels. Also fruit follicles are not swollen in the middle and had a more pointed apex. Also usually had more than 8 follicles and the fruit has weaker odour. The seeds in <i>Illicium anisatum</i> are flat or almost spherical.<sup id="cite_ref-pu_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pu-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wang_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wang-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illicium_verum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culinary_use">Culinary use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illicium_verum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Culinary use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_Aniseed_back.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Star_Aniseed_back.jpg/220px-Star_Aniseed_back.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Star_Aniseed_back.jpg/330px-Star_Aniseed_back.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Star_Aniseed_back.jpg/440px-Star_Aniseed_back.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1156" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Reverse side of fruit</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Illicium_verum00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Illicium_verum00.jpg/220px-Illicium_verum00.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="396" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Illicium_verum00.jpg/330px-Illicium_verum00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Illicium_verum00.jpg/440px-Illicium_verum00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="691" data-file-height="1245" /></a><figcaption>Plate from <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Pierre_Chaumeton" title="François-Pierre Chaumeton">François-Pierre Chaumeton</a>'s 1833 <i>Flore Medicale</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Star anise contains <a href="/wiki/Anethole" title="Anethole">anethole</a>, the same compound that gives <a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">anise</a>, an unrelated plant, its flavor. Star anise has come into use in the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">West</a> as a less expensive substitute for anise in baking, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Liquor" title="Liquor">liquor</a> production, most distinctively in the production of the <a href="/wiki/Liqueur" title="Liqueur">liqueur</a> <a href="/wiki/Galliano_(drink)" class="mw-redirect" title="Galliano (drink)">Galliano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Star anise enhances the flavor of meat.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is used as a spice in preparation of <i><a href="/wiki/Biryani" title="Biryani">biryani</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Masala_chai" title="Masala chai">masala chai</a></i> all over the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>. It is widely used in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese cuisine</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_cuisine" title="Malaysian cuisine">Malay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian cuisines</a>. It is widely grown for commercial use in China, India, and most other countries in Asia. Star anise is an ingredient of the traditional <a href="/wiki/Five-spice_powder" title="Five-spice powder">five-spice powder</a> of Chinese cooking. It is also a major ingredient in the making of <i><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Phở">phở</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese</a> noodle soup. </p><p>It is also used in the French recipe of mulled wine, <i><a href="/wiki/Mulled_wine" title="Mulled wine">vin chaud</a></i> (hot wine). If allowed to steep in coffee, it deepens and enriches the flavor. The pods can be used in this manner multiple times by the potful or cup, as the ease of extraction of the taste components increases with the permeation of hot water. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drug_precursor">Drug precursor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illicium_verum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Drug precursor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Oseltamivir_total_synthesis" title="Oseltamivir total synthesis">Oseltamivir total synthesis</a></div> <p>Star anise is the major source of the chemical compound <a href="/wiki/Shikimic_acid" title="Shikimic acid">shikimic acid</a>, a primary <a href="/wiki/Precursor_(chemistry)" title="Precursor (chemistry)">precursor</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Drug" title="Drug">pharmaceutical</a> synthesis of the anti-<a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">influenza</a> drug <a href="/wiki/Oseltamivir" title="Oseltamivir">oseltamivir</a> (Tamiflu).<sup id="cite_ref-Bilal_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bilal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drugs_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wang_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An industrial method for the production of shikimic acid using <a href="/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation">fermentation</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/E._coli" class="mw-redirect" title="E. coli">E. coli</a></i> bacteria was discovered in 2005,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and applied in the <a href="/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic" title="2009 swine flu pandemic">2009 swine flu pandemic</a> to address Tamiflu shortages, eventually reversing price increases for star anise as a <a href="/wiki/Raw_material" title="Raw material">raw material</a> of shikimic acid.<sup id="cite_ref-lim_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lim-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2018, fermentation of <i>E. coli</i> was the manufacturing process of choice to produce shikimic acid for synthesis of Tamiflu.<sup id="cite_ref-Bilal_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bilal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drugs_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toxicity_of_related_species">Toxicity of related species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illicium_verum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Toxicity of related species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Illicium verum</i> is not toxic. However, other related species are toxic. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Japanese_star_anise" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese star anise">Japanese star anise</a> (<i>Illicium anisatum</i>), a similar tree, is highly toxic and inedible; in Japan, it has instead been burned as <a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">incense</a>. Cases of illness, including "serious <a href="/wiki/Neurological" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurological">neurological</a> effects, such as seizures", reported after using star anise tea may be a result of deliberate <a href="/wiki/Economically_motivated_adulteration" class="mw-redirect" title="Economically motivated adulteration">economically motivated adulteration</a> with this species. Japanese star anise contains the <a href="/wiki/Neurotoxin" title="Neurotoxin">neurotoxin</a> <a href="/wiki/Anisatin" title="Anisatin">anisatin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-PubChem_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PubChem-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which also causes severe <a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kidneys" class="mw-redirect" title="Kidneys">kidneys</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nephritis" title="Nephritis">nephritis</a>), <a href="/wiki/Urinary_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary tract">urinary tract</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">digestive organs</a> when ingested.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Swamp star anise <i><a href="/wiki/Illicium_parviflorum" title="Illicium parviflorum">Illicium parviflorum</a></i>, a similar tree found in the southern United States, is highly toxic and should not be used for folk remedies or as a cooking ingredient.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ISO_Standardization">ISO Standardization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illicium_verum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: ISO Standardization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO">ISO</a> 676:1995 – contains the information about the nomenclature of the variety and cultivars<sup id="cite_ref-scbn_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scbn-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Identification">Identification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illicium_verum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Identification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Refer to the 4th edition of the <i><a href="/wiki/European_Pharmacopoeia" title="European Pharmacopoeia">European Pharmacopoeia</a></i> (1153)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Differentiation_from_other_species">Differentiation from other species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illicium_verum&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Differentiation from other species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Joshi <i>et al.</i> have used <a href="/wiki/Fluorescent_microscopy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluorescent microscopy">fluorescent microscopy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gas_chromatography" title="Gas chromatography">gas chromatography</a><sup id="cite_ref-reiivh_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reiivh-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to distinguish the species, while Lederer <i>et al.</i> employed <a href="/wiki/Thin_layer_chromatography" class="mw-redirect" title="Thin layer chromatography">thin layer chromatography</a> with <a href="/wiki/HPLC" class="mw-redirect" title="HPLC">HPLC</a>-<a href="/wiki/MS/MS" class="mw-redirect" title="MS/MS">MS/MS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cthm_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cthm-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Specifications">Specifications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illicium_verum&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Specifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO">ISO</a> 11178:1995 – a specification for its dried fruits<sup id="cite_ref-sais_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sais-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Illicium_verum&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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basil">Lemon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">Bay leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_tamala" title="Cinnamomum tamala">Indian bay leaf (<i>tejpat</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boldo" title="Boldo">Boldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borage" title="Borage">Borage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chervil" title="Chervil">Chervil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chives" title="Chives">Chives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allium_tuberosum" title="Allium tuberosum">garlic / Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicely" title="Cicely">Cicely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander leaf / Cilantro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porophyllum_ruderale" title="Porophyllum ruderale">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persicaria_odorata" title="Persicaria odorata">Vietnamese (<i>rau răm</i>)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eryngium_foetidum" title="Eryngium foetidum">Culantro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_cress" title="Garden cress">Cress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_tree" title="Curry tree">Curry leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysphania_ambrosioides" title="Dysphania ambrosioides">Epazote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_auritum" title="Piper auritum">Hoja santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houttuynia_cordata" title="Houttuynia cordata"><i>Houttuynia cordata</i> (<i>giấp cá</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyssopus_officinalis" title="Hyssopus officinalis">Hyssop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimbu" title="Jimbu">Jimbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsholtzia_ciliata" title="Elsholtzia ciliata">Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_frutescens" title="Perilla frutescens">Kkaennip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavandula_angustifolia" title="Lavandula angustifolia">Lavender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_balm" title="Lemon balm">Lemon balm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon">Lemon grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backhousia_citriodora" title="Backhousia citriodora">Lemon myrtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysia_citrodora" title="Aloysia citrodora">Lemon verbena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnophila_aromatica" title="Limnophila aromatica"><i>Limnophila aromatica</i> (rice-paddy herb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovage" title="Lovage">Lovage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjoram" title="Marjoram">Marjoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugwort" title="Mugwort">Mugwort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptotaenia_japonica" title="Cryptotaenia japonica">Mitsuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">Oregano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla" title="Perilla">Perilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary" title="Rosemary">Rosemary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruta_graveolens" title="Ruta graveolens">Rue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvia_officinalis" title="Salvia officinalis">Sage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satureja" title="Satureja">Savory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum">Sanshō leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">Shiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorrel" title="Sorrel">Sorrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarragon" title="Tarragon">Tarragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">Thyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galium_odoratum" title="Galium odoratum">Woodruff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">Spices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_laver" title="Green laver">Aonori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajwain" title="Ajwain">Ajwain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_pepper" title="Alligator pepper">Alligator pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allspice" title="Allspice">Allspice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amchoor" title="Amchoor">Amchoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">Anise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asafoetida" title="Asafoetida">Asafoetida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">Black pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinus_terebinthifolia" title="Schinus terebinthifolia">Brazilian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_camphora" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinnamomum camphora">Camphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caraway" title="Caraway">Caraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_cardamom" title="Black cardamom">black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_cassia" title="Cinnamomum cassia">Cassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery_powder" title="Celery powder">Celery powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">Celery seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchanania_cochinchinensis" title="Buchanania cochinchinensis">Charoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenpi" title="Chenpi">Chenpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chili_powder" title="Chili powder">Chili powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne_pepper" title="Cayenne pepper">Cayenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipotle" title="Chipotle">Chipotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crushed_red_pepper" title="Crushed red pepper">Crushed red pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño">Jalapeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_chile" title="New Mexico chile">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabasco_pepper" title="Tabasco pepper">Tabasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Capsicum_cultivars" title="List of Capsicum cultivars">Cultivars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">Clove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_cubeba" title="Piper cubeba">Cubeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">Cumin</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nigella_sativa" title="Nigella sativa">Nigella sativa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bunium_persicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunium persicum">Bunium persicum</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_frutescens" title="Perilla frutescens">Deulkkae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill / Dill seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">Fennel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenugreek" title="Fenugreek">Fenugreek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trigonella_caerulea" title="Trigonella caerulea">blue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boesenbergia_rotunda" title="Boesenbergia rotunda">Fingerroot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galangal" title="Galangal">Galangal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpinia_galanga" title="Alpinia galanga">greater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpinia_officinarum" title="Alpinia officinarum">lesser</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">Ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaempferia_galanga" title="Kaempferia galanga">Aromatic ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracleum_persicum" title="Heracleum persicum">Golpar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grains_of_paradise" title="Grains of paradise">Grains of paradise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grains_of_Selim" title="Grains of Selim">Grains of Selim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">Horseradish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum">Japanese pricklyash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniper_berry" title="Juniper berry">Juniper berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garcinia_indica" title="Garcinia indica">Kokum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aframomum_corrorima" title="Aframomum corrorima">Korarima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_lime" title="Dried lime">Dried lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquorice" title="Liquorice">Liquorice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litsea_cubeba" title="Litsea cubeba">Litsea cubeba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_pepper" title="Long pepper">Long pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_amada" title="Curcuma amada">Mango-ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)" title="Mastic (plant resin)">Mastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahleb" title="Mahleb">Mahleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_plant" title="Mustard plant">Mustard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhamphospermum_nigrum" title="Rhamphospermum nigrum">black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brassica_juncea" title="Brassica juncea">brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_mustard" title="White mustard">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigella_sativa" title="Nigella sativa">Nigella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricinodendron" title="Ricinodendron">Njangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">Nutmeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_powder" title="Onion powder">Onion powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">Paprika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinus_molle" title="Schinus molle">Peruvian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed" title="Poppy seed">Poppy seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psammogeton_involucratus" title="Psammogeton involucratus">Radhuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_%C3%97_damascena" title="Rosa × damascena">Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">Saffron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smilax_ornata" title="Smilax ornata">Sarsaparilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassafras" title="Sassafras">Sassafras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">Sesame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">Shiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan pepper (<i>huājiāo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_anise" class="mw-redirect" title="Star anise">Star anise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumac" title="Sumac">Sumac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">Tamarind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmannia_lanceolata" title="Tasmannia lanceolata">Tasmanian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipteryx_odorata" title="Dipteryx odorata">Tonka bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">Turmeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzazi" title="Uzazi">Uzazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">Vanilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_borbonense" title="Piper borbonense">Voatsiperifery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasabi" title="Wasabi">Wasabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu" title="Yuzu">Yuzu zest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_zedoaria" title="Curcuma zedoaria">Zedoary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberis_vulgaris" title="Berberis vulgaris">Zereshk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zest_(ingredient)" title="Zest (ingredient)">Zest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spice_mix" title="Spice mix">Blends</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajika" title="Ajika">Adjika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advieh" title="Advieh">Advieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baharat" title="Baharat">Baharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Monde_seasoning" title="Beau Monde seasoning">Beau monde seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbere" title="Berbere">Berbere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouquet_garni" title="Bouquet garni">Bouquet garni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buknu" title="Buknu">Buknu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaat_masala" title="Chaat masala">Chaat masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempering_(spices)" title="Tempering (spices)">Chaunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_sugar" title="Cinnamon sugar">Cinnamon sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_boil" title="Crab boil">Crab boil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_powder" title="Curry powder">Curry powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubanjiang" title="Doubanjiang">Doubanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douchi" title="Douchi">Douchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqqa" title="Duqqa">Duqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fines_herbes" title="Fines herbes">Fines herbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-spice_powder" title="Five-spice powder">Five-spice powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garam_masala" title="Garam masala">Garam masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_powder" title="Garlic powder">Garlic powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_salt" title="Garlic salt">Garlic salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gochujang" title="Gochujang">Gochujang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harissa" title="Harissa">Harissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaij" title="Hawaij">Hawaij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbes_de_Provence" title="Herbes de Provence">Herbes de Provence</a></li> <li><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BAng_l%C3%ACu" title="Húng lìu">Húng lìu</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idli_podi" title="Idli podi">Idli podi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_seasoning" title="Italian seasoning">Italian seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerk_(cooking)" title="Jerk (cooking)">Jamaican jerk spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmeli_suneli" title="Khmeli suneli">Khmeli suneli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_pepper" title="Lemon pepper">Lemon pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitmita" title="Mitmita">Mitmita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_spice" title="Mixed spice">Mixed spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_steak_seasoning" title="Montreal steak seasoning">Montreal steak seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulling_spices" title="Mulling spices">Mulling spices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bay_Seasoning" title="Old Bay Seasoning">Old Bay Seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panch_phoron" title="Panch phoron">Panch phoron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persillade" title="Persillade">Persillade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder-douce" title="Powder-douce">Powder-douce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_pie_spice" title="Pumpkin pie spice">Pumpkin pie spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%C3%A2lat_daqqa" title="Qâlat daqqa">Qâlat daqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quatre_%C3%A9pices" title="Quatre épices">Quatre épices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_el_hanout" title="Ras el hanout">Ras el hanout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recado_rojo" title="Recado rojo">Recado rojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharena_sol" title="Sharena sol">Sharena sol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shichimi" title="Shichimi">Shichimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabil" title="Tabil">Tabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj%C3%ADn_seasoning" title="Tajín seasoning">Tajin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoori_masala" title="Tandoori masala">Tandoori masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuna_paha" title="Thuna paha">Thuna paha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadouvan" title="Vadouvan">Vadouvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu_kosh%C5%8D" title="Yuzu koshō">Yuzu koshō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za%27atar" title="Za'atar">Za'atar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="List of culinary herbs and spices">Culinary</a></li> <li>By region <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_herbs_and_spices" title="List of Australian herbs and spices">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladeshi_spices" title="List of Bangladeshi spices">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_spices" title="List of Indian spices">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_spices" title="List of Pakistani spices">Pakistani</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_herbology" title="Chinese herbology">Chinese herbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">Herbal tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marination" title="Marination">Marination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasoning" title="Seasoning">Seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_rub" title="Spice rub">Spice rub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Illicium verum</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878644" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q2878644">Q2878644</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Illicium_verum" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Illicium verum">Illicium verum</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id61599">61599</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3PGNT">3PGNT</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/484056">484056</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/ILLVE">ILLVE</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200008460">200008460</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200008460">200008460</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2889756">2889756</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=19801">19801</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/122996">122996</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/554553-1">554553-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10593808">10593808</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=505892">505892</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=124778">124778</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/511218/">511218</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=318186">318186</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_for_a_Future" title="Plants for a Future">PfaF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Illicium+verum">Illicium verum</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2861915">kew-2861915</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/ILVE2">ILVE2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A554553-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:554553-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/50079582">50079582</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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