CINXE.COM

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10.75 14 9.5c0-1.25-.438-2.313-1.313-3.188C11.813 5.438 10.75 5 9.5 5c-1.25 0-2.313.438-3.188 1.313S5 8.25 5 9.5c0 1.25.438 2.313 1.313 3.188C7.188 13.562 8.25 14 9.5 14Z"/> </svg> </button> </form> </div> </div> </header> <main id="content" role="main" class="nobel-content"> <div class="nobel__blocks--content"> <section class="page-hero -hero-a -centered text-color-white -color-option-"> <div class="bg hero lazyload" data-bgset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/52920-hero-tablet-2x.jpg [(min-width: 220px)] | https://www.nobelprize.org/images/52920-hero-tablet-2x.jpg [(min-width: 900px)] | https://www.nobelprize.org/images/52920-hero-desktop-2x.jpg [(min-width: 1400px)]" data-sizes="auto"> </div> <noscript> <div class="bg hero" style="background: url(https://www.nobelprize.org/images//52920-landscape-large.jpg)" > </div> </noscript> <div class="blurb"> <h1 class="title text-uppercase"> THE NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY </h1> </div> <div class="figcaption"> <p class="figcaption__caption"> A 1986 DNA model used by Aziz Sancar, who was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. </p> <p class="figcaption__attribution"> © Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: Alexander Mahmoud </p> </div> </section> <section class="nomination-intro"> <article class="content"> <header class="sub-section-header border-top"> <h4> About the prize </h4> </header> <div class="text"> <p><em>“The said interest shall be divided into five equal parts, which shall be apportioned as follows: /- – -/ one part to the person who shall have made the most important chemical discovery or improvement…”  (</em>Excerpt from the will of Alfred Nobel.)</p> <p>Chemistry was the most important science for Alfred Nobel’s own work. The development of his inventions as well as the industrial processes he employed were based upon chemical knowledge. Chemistry was the second prize area that Nobel mentioned in his will.</p> <p>The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded by <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/about/royal-swedish-academy-of-sciences-chemistry/">the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</a>, Stockholm, Sweden.</p> <p>See <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/uncategorized/all-nobel-prizes-in-chemistry/">all chemistry laureates</a> or learn about the <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/nomination-and-selection-of-chemistry-laureates/">nomination process</a>.</p> </div> </article> <aside class="quick-facts"> <header class="sub-section-header border-top"> <h4> Quick facts </h4> </header> <ul class="factlist wp-block-list"> <li>Chemistry prizes: 116</li> <li>Chemistry laureates: 197</li> <li>Awarded women: 8</li> <li>Youngest laureate: 35</li> <li>Oldest laureate: 97</li> </ul> <p><a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/facts/facts-on-the-nobel-prize-in-chemistry-2/">More facts and figures</a></p> </aside> </section> <section class="article-grid featured-content featured-content__color--default var-half-width-a "> <header class="section-header border-top"> <h3 class="section-header-h3">The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024</h3> </header> <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting" class="article -halfwidth-a "> <div class="content-wrapper"> <header class="content"> <div class="title title--small"> <h2 class="headline" itemprop="headline"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2024/press-release/"> <p>They cracked the code for proteins’ amazing structures</p> </a> </h2> </div> </header> <div class="text"> <p>The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024 is about proteins, life’s ingenious chemical tools. David Baker has succeeded with the almost impossible feat of building entirely new kinds of proteins. Demis Hassabis and John Jumper have developed an AI model to solve a 50-year-old problem: predicting proteins’ complex structures. These discoveries hold enormous potential.</p> </div> <div class="related"> <h3 class="related-title h5"> Related articles </h3> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2024/press-release/" title="Press release"> Press release </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2024/popular-information/" title="Popular information: They have revealed proteins’ secrets through computing and artificial intelligence"> Popular information: They have revealed proteins’ secrets through computing and artificial intelligence </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2024/advanced-information/" title="Scientific background: Computational protein design and protein structure prediction"> Scientific background: Computational protein design and protein structure prediction </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <figure class="featuredimage"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2024/press-release/"><picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2024/10/fig_ke_24_4x3-992x656.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2024/10/fig_ke_24_4x3-1520x1008.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2024/10/fig_ke_24_4x3-2000x1352.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2024/10/fig_ke_24_4x3-1024x676.jpg" alt="" /></noscript></picture></a><figcaption class="figcaption"><p class="figcaption__attribution">© Johan Jarnestad/The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</p></figcaption> </figure> </article> </section> <section class="article-grid featured-content featured-content__color--primary var-half-width-a featured-content__colored"> <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting" class="article -halfwidth-a "> <div class="content-wrapper"> <header class="content"> <div class="title title--small"> <h2 class="headline" itemprop="headline"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2024/summary/"> <p>The 2024 chemistry laureates</p> </a> </h2> </div> </header> <div class="text"> <p>The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2024 was awarded with one half to <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2024/baker/facts/">David Baker</a> “for computational protein design” and the other half jointly to <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2024/hassabis/facts/">Demis Hassabis</a> and <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2024/jumper/facts/">John Jumper</a> “for protein structure prediction”.</p> <p>Demis Hassabis and John Jumper have successfully utilised artificial intelligence to predict the structure of almost all known proteins. David Baker has learned how to master life’s building blocks and create entirely new proteins.</p> </div> </div> <figure class="featuredimage"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2024/summary/"><picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2024/10/1_2_3-3_2-992x656.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2024/10/1_2_3-3_2-1520x1008.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2024/10/1_2_3-3_2-2048x1352.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2024/10/1_2_3-3_2-1024x676.jpg" alt="" /></noscript></picture></a><figcaption class="figcaption"><p class="figcaption__caption">David Baker, Demis Hassabis and John Jumper. </p> <p class="figcaption__attribution">Ill. Niklas Elmehed © Nobel Prize Outreach</p></figcaption> </figure> </article> </section> <section class="opinion-stage"> <header class="section-header border-top"> <h3 class="section-header-h3">Did you know?</h3> </header> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(d,s,id,u){ if (d.getElementById(id)) return; var js, sjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], t = Math.floor(new Date().getTime() / 1000000); js=d.createElement(s); js.id=id; js.async=1; js.src=u+'?'+t; sjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, sjs); }(document, 'script', 'os-widget-jssdk', 'https://www.opinionstage.com/assets/loader.js')); </script> <div id="os-widget-1286356" class="os_poll" data-path="/polls/2946925" data-of="nobel" data-opinionstage-widget="80d31fb7-90f9-4c3d-929e-0b76d382a78c"></div>_ </section> <section class="explore-laureates page-section"> <header class="section-header border-top"> <h3> Explore prizes and laureates </h3> </header> <form class="exploreform" id="674b22557df13" method='GET' action=''> <div class="dropdown"> <label for="mobile-dropdown" class="screen-reader-text"> Select the category or categories you would like to filter by </label> <select id="mobile-dropdown" name="filtermobile"> <option value="physics" > Physics </option> <option value="chemistry" selected='selected' > Chemistry </option> <option value="medicine" > Medicine </option> <option value="literature" > Literature </option> <option value="peace" > Peace </option> <option value="economic-sciences" > Economic Sciences </option> </select> </div> <div class="selector"> <label class="screen-reader-text">Select the category or categories you would like to filter by</label> <div class="labelbutton" tabindex="0"> <label for="physics"> <input id="physics" name="filter" type="radio" value="physics" hidden> <span> Physics </span> </label> </div> <div class="labelbutton" tabindex="0"> <label for="chemistry"> <input id="chemistry" name="filter" type="radio" checked='checked' value="chemistry" hidden> <span> Chemistry </span> </label> </div> <div class="labelbutton" tabindex="0"> <label for="medicine"> <input id="medicine" name="filter" type="radio" value="medicine" hidden> <span> Medicine </span> </label> </div> <div class="labelbutton" tabindex="0"> <label for="literature"> <input id="literature" name="filter" type="radio" value="literature" hidden> <span> Literature </span> </label> </div> <div class="labelbutton" tabindex="0"> <label for="peace"> <input id="peace" name="filter" type="radio" value="peace" hidden> <span> Peace </span> </label> </div> <div class="labelbutton" tabindex="0"> <label for="economic-sciences"> <input id="economic-sciences" name="filter" type="radio" value="economic-sciences" hidden> <span> Economic Sciences </span> </label> </div> </div> <div class="incrementor"> <label for="increment-down" class="screen-reader-text"> Decrease the year by one </label> <button id="increment-down" class="increment-down" type="button"> – </button> <label for="increment-input" class="screen-reader-text"> Choose a year you would like to search in </label> <input id="increment-input" name="prize_year" type="text" maxlength="4" class="increment-input" placeholder="2023" value="2024"> <label for="increment-up" class="screen-reader-text"> Increase the year by one </label> <button id="increment-up" class="increment-up" type="button"> + </button> </div> <div class="submit"> <button type="submit"> Explore </button> </div> </form> </section> <div class="long-scroll-preloader prize-explorer-preloader" style="text-align: center; display: none" data-target="674b22557df13"> <img style="display: inline-block" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/wp-content/themes/nobelprize/assets/images/spinner.gif"> </div> <div class="prize-explorer-content container search-results" data-target="674b22557df13"> </div> <section class="article-grid featured-content featured-content__color--default var-half-width-a "> <header class="section-header border-top"> <h3 class="section-header-h3">Chemistry matters</h3> </header> <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting" class="article -halfwidth-a "> <div class="content-wrapper"> <header class="content"> <div class="title"> <h2 class="headline" itemprop="headline"> <p>The life of a chemist</p> </h2> </div> </header> <div class="text"> <p>Explore how Nobel Prize laureates compare their own research to the adventures of Huckleberry Finn.</p> <p><a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/themes/why-chemistry-matters/">More videos</a></p> </div> </div> <figure class="featuredimage"> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <div class="iframe iframe-16x9"><iframe width="1778" height="1000" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/so-TcNxglYI?feature=oembed" frameborder="0"></iframe></div> </div></figure> </figure> </article> </section> <section class="article-grid featured-content featured-content__color--tertiary var-half-width-a featured-content__colored"> <header class="section-header border-top"> <h3 class="section-header-h3">Who did what?</h3> </header> <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting" class="article -halfwidth-a "> <div class="content-wrapper"> <header class="content"> <div class="title"> <h2 class="headline" itemprop="headline"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/image-pairing-chemistry/"> <p>How many chemistry laureates can you match?</p> </a> </h2> </div> </header> <div class="text"> <p>Can you match the right chemistry laureate with the right discovery? Have a try!</p> </div> </div> <figure class="featuredimage"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/image-pairing-chemistry/"><picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2021/09/chemistry-matching.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2021/09/chemistry-matching.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2021/09/chemistry-matching.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Matching pairs chemistry" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2021/09/chemistry-matching.jpg" alt="Matching pairs chemistry" /></noscript></picture></a> </figure> </article> </section> <section class="article-grid featured-content featured-content__color--primary var-half-width-a featured-content__colored"> <header class="section-header border-top"> <h3 class="section-header-h3">Questions and answers</h3> </header> <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting" class="article -halfwidth-a "> <div class="content-wrapper"> <header class="content"> <div class="title"> <h2 class="headline" itemprop="headline"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/frequently-asked-questions/#categories"> <p>What are the Nobel Prize categories?</p> </a> </h2> </div> </header> <div class="text"> <p>The Nobel Prize categories are physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace and were laid out in the will of Alfred Nobel. Find out more in the FAQ.</p> </div> </div> <figure class="featuredimage"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/frequently-asked-questions/#categories"><picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/123776-landscape-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/123776-landscape-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/123776-landscape-x-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="The Nobel Prize medal." /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/123776-landscape-x-large.jpg" alt="The Nobel Prize medal." /></noscript></picture></a><figcaption class="figcaption"><p class="figcaption__caption">The Nobel Prize medal.</p> <p class="figcaption__attribution">© Nobel Prize Outreach. Photo: Clément Morin.</p></figcaption> </figure> </article> </section> <section class="page-hero -exposed page-hero__variation--d context-component -color-option-default"> <header class="section-header border-top"> <h3 class="section-header-h3">Nobel Prizes and laureates</h3> </header> <div class="bg hero lazyload" data-bgset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/5547-hero-tablet-2x.jpg [(min-width: 220px)] | https://www.nobelprize.org/images/5547-hero-tablet-2x.jpg [(min-width: 900px)] | https://www.nobelprize.org/images/5547-hero-desktop-2x.jpg [(min-width: 1400px)]" data-sizes="auto"> </div> <noscript> <div class="bg hero" style="background: url(https://www.nobelprize.org/images//5547-content-landscape-desktop.jpg)" > </div> </noscript> <div class="figcaption"> <p class="figcaption__caption"> Model depicting a molecule that chemistry laureate Akira Suzuki successfully created by artificial means. </p> <p class="figcaption__attribution"> Photo: Nobel Prize Museum </p> </div> <div class="blurb"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes-in-chemistry/" class="hero-link"> <h1 class="title "> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes-in-chemistry/">All Nobel Prizes in Chemistry</a> </h1> </a> <div class="hero-btn-wrapper"> <a class="hero-btn" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes-in-chemistry/"> See the full list of chemistry prizes and laureates </a> </div> </div> </section> <section class="article-grid featured-content featured-content__color--default var-half-width-a "> <header class="section-header border-top"> <h3 class="section-header-h3">Try a puzzle</h3> </header> <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting" class="article -halfwidth-a "> <div class="content-wrapper"> <header class="content"> <div class="subtitle"><p>Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019</p> </div> <div class="title"> <h2 class="headline" itemprop="headline"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/try-a-puzzle-che-2019/"> <p>What did they discover?</p> </a> </h2> </div> </header> <div class="text"> <p>The discovery of the 2019 chemistry laureates have a huge everyday impact for us. But what did they discover? </p> <p><a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/try-a-puzzle-che-2019/">Try the puzzle and find out</a></p> </div> </div> <figure class="featuredimage"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/try-a-puzzle-che-2019/"><picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2021/12/che-puzzle.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2021/12/che-puzzle.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2021/12/che-puzzle.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Puxxle" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2021/12/che-puzzle.jpg" alt="Puxxle" /></noscript></picture></a> </figure> </article> </section> <section class="page-hero -right -flipped -contained -color-option-"> <header class="section-header border-top"> <h3 class="section-header-h3">Explore and learn</h3> </header> <div class="bg hero lazyload" data-bgset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/60397-hero-contained-tablet-left-2x.jpg [(min-width: 220px)] | https://www.nobelprize.org/images/60397-hero-contained-tablet-left-2x.jpg [(min-width: 900px)] | https://www.nobelprize.org/images/60397-hero-contained-desktop-left-2x.jpg [(min-width: 1400px)]" data-sizes="auto"> </div> <noscript> <div class="bg hero" style="background: url(https://www.nobelprize.org/images/60397-content-landscape-desktop.jpg)" > </div> </noscript> <div class="blurb"> <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/womenwhochangedscience/stories" class="hero-link"> <h1 class="title "> 19 remarkable scientists and their stories </h1> <div class="lead"> <p>Explore a storytelling experience that celebrates and explores the contributions, careers and lives of 19 women who have been awarded Nobel Prizes for their scientific achievements.</p> </div> </a> <div class="hero-btn-wrapper"> <a class="hero-btn" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/womenwhochangedscience/stories"> Explore 'Women who changed science' </a> </div> </div> </section> <section class="links"> <header class="section-header border-top"> <h3 class="section-header-h3">Articles in chemistry</h3> </header> <ul class="linkset"> <li itemprop="name" class="border-top"> <p><a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/themes/the-nobel-prize-in-chemistry-the-development-of-modern-chemistry/">The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: The development of modern chemistry </a></p> </a> </li> <li itemprop="name" class="border-top"> <p><a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/nobel-prizes-in-organic-chemistry/">Nobel Prizes in organic chemistry 1901-2010</a> </p> </a> </li> <li itemprop="name" class="border-top"> <p><a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/themes/the-role-of-science-and-technology-in-future-design/">The role of science and technology in future design</a> </p> </a> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="most-popular-laureates"> <header class="section-header border-top"> <h3> Featured laureates </h3> </header> <article class="laureate border-top" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <figure class="content-img"> <a href="/prizes/chemistry/1908/rutherford/"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/rutherford-12860-portrait-mini-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/rutherford-12860-portrait-small-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/rutherford-12860-portrait-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Ernest Rutherford" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/rutherford-12860-portrait-medium.jpg" alt="Ernest Rutherford" /></noscript></picture> </a> </figure> <div class="content"> <h4 itemprop="name"> <a href="/prizes/chemistry/1908/rutherford/" title="Ernest Rutherford" itemprop="url"> Ernest Rutherford </a> </h4> <span> <a href="/prizes/chemistry/1908/rutherford/"> The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908 </a> </span> <q itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Quotation">for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances.</q> </div> </article> <article class="laureate border-top" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <figure class="content-img"> <a href="/prizes/physics/1903/marie-curie/"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/marie-curie-12879-portrait-mini-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/marie-curie-12879-portrait-small-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/marie-curie-12879-portrait-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Marie Curie, née Sklodowska" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/marie-curie-12879-portrait-medium.jpg" alt="Marie Curie, née Sklodowska" /></noscript></picture> </a> </figure> <div class="content"> <h4 itemprop="name"> <a href="/prizes/physics/1903/marie-curie/" title="Marie Curie, née Skłodowska" itemprop="url"> Marie Curie, née Skłodowska </a> </h4> <span> <a href="/prizes/chemistry/1911/marie-curie/"> The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911 </a> </span> <q itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Quotation">in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element.</q> <br /> <br /> <span> <a href="/prizes/physics/1903/marie-curie/"> The Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 </a> </span> <q itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Quotation">in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel.</q> </div> </article> <article class="laureate border-top" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <figure class="content-img"> <a href="/prizes/chemistry/2017/dubochet/"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/dubochet-15235-portrait-mini-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/dubochet-15235-portrait-small-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/dubochet-15235-portrait-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Jacques Dubochet" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/dubochet-15235-portrait-medium.jpg" alt="Jacques Dubochet" /></noscript></picture> </a> </figure> <div class="content"> <h4 itemprop="name"> <a href="/prizes/chemistry/2017/dubochet/" title="Jacques Dubochet" itemprop="url"> Jacques Dubochet </a> </h4> <span> <a href="/prizes/chemistry/2017/dubochet/"> The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017 </a> </span> <q itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Quotation">for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution.</q> </div> </article> <article class="laureate border-top" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <figure class="content-img"> <a href="/prizes/chemistry/1964/hodgkin/"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/hodgkin-13170-portrait-mini-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/hodgkin-13170-portrait-small-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/hodgkin-13170-portrait-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/hodgkin-13170-portrait-medium.jpg" alt="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin" /></noscript></picture> </a> </figure> <div class="content"> <h4 itemprop="name"> <a href="/prizes/chemistry/1964/hodgkin/" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin" itemprop="url"> Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin </a> </h4> <span> <a href="/prizes/chemistry/1964/hodgkin/"> The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964 </a> </span> <q itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Quotation">for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances.</q> </div> </article> <article class="laureate border-top" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <figure class="content-img"> <a href="/prizes/chemistry/1954/pauling/"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/pauling-13157-portrait-mini-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/pauling-13157-portrait-small-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/pauling-13157-portrait-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Linus Carl Pauling" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/pauling-13157-portrait-medium.jpg" alt="Linus Carl Pauling" /></noscript></picture> </a> </figure> <div class="content"> <h4 itemprop="name"> <a href="/prizes/chemistry/1954/pauling/" title="Linus Carl Pauling" itemprop="url"> Linus Carl Pauling </a> </h4> <span> <a href="/prizes/peace/1962/pauling/"> The Nobel Peace Prize 1962 </a> </span> <q itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Quotation">for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West.</q> <br /> <br /> <span> <a href="/prizes/chemistry/1954/pauling/"> The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954 </a> </span> <q itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Quotation">for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances.</q> </div> </article> <article class="laureate border-top" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> <figure class="content-img"> <a href="/prizes/chemistry/2016/sauvage/"> <picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/sauvage-15210-portrait-mini-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/sauvage-15210-portrait-small-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/sauvage-15210-portrait-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/sauvage-15210-portrait-medium.jpg" alt="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" /></noscript></picture> </a> </figure> <div class="content"> <h4 itemprop="name"> <a href="/prizes/chemistry/2016/sauvage/" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" itemprop="url"> Jean-Pierre Sauvage </a> </h4> <span> <a href="/prizes/chemistry/2016/sauvage/"> The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016 </a> </span> <q itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Quotation">for the design and synthesis of molecular machines.</q> </div> </article> </section> <section class="article-grid featured-content featured-content__color--default var-one-third "> <header class="section-header border-top"> <h3 class="section-header-h3">Other discoveries</h3> </header> <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting" class="article -one-third"> <div class="content-wrapper"> <header class="content"> <div class="title"> <h2 class="headline h3" itemprop="headline"> <a href="/prizes/chemistry/1903/arrhenius/biographical/"> Who first predicted global warming? </a> </h2> </div> </header> <div class="text"> <p>Learn more about Svante Arrhenius, who first made the connection between carbon dioxide levels and global temperature.</p> </div> </div> <figure class="featuredimage"> <a href="/prizes/chemistry/1903/arrhenius/biographical/"><picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/52386-landscape-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/52386-landscape-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/52386-landscape-x-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Sea level rise, NASA" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/52386-landscape-x-large.jpg" alt="Sea level rise, NASA" /></noscript></picture></a><figcaption class="figcaption"><p class="figcaption__caption">A map of the Earth with a six-metre sea level rise represented in red</p> <p class="figcaption__attribution">Credit: NASA</p></figcaption> </figure> </article> <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting" class="article -one-third"> <div class="content-wrapper"> <header class="content"> <div class="title"> <h2 class="headline h3" itemprop="headline"> <a href="/mediaplayer?id=2678"> The world’s smallest machines </a> </h2> </div> </header> <div class="text"> <p>Watch the Nobel Lecture by one of 2016’s laureates Jean-Pierre Sauvage, who helped develop molecular machines.</p> </div> </div> <figure class="featuredimage"> <a href="/mediaplayer?id=2678"><picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/sauvage-15210-landscape-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/sauvage-15210-landscape-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/sauvage-15210-landscape-x-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/sauvage-15210-landscape-x-large.jpg" alt="Jean-Pierre Sauvage" /></noscript></picture></a><figcaption class="figcaption"><p class="figcaption__caption">Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016</p> <p class="figcaption__attribution">© Nobel Media. Photo: Alexander Mahmoud</p></figcaption> </figure> </article> <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting" class="article -one-third"> <div class="content-wrapper"> <header class="content"> <div class="title"> <h2 class="headline h3" itemprop="headline"> <a href="/mediaplayer?id=360"> Interview with a double awardee </a> </h2> </div> </header> <div class="text"> <p>Frederick Sanger received the prize twice: in 1958 for his work on the structure of proteins and in 1980 for DNA sequencing.</p> </div> </div> <figure class="featuredimage"> <a href="/mediaplayer?id=360"><picture ><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/52176-landscape-medium-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 220px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/52176-landscape-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 900px)" /><source data-srcset="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/52176-landscape-x-large-2x.jpg" media="(min-width: 1400px)" /><img decoding="async" class="lazyload" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" alt="Frederick Sanger Calibration catalogue of amino acids (1)" /><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://www.nobelprize.org/images/52176-landscape-x-large.jpg" alt="Frederick Sanger Calibration catalogue of amino acids (1)" /></noscript></picture></a><figcaption class="figcaption"><p class="figcaption__caption">The double Nobel-awarded laureate Frederick Sanger‘s calibration catalogue of amino acids</p> <p class="figcaption__attribution">© Nobel Media. 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