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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: center;">This is a file from the <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="commons:Main Page">Wikimedia Commons</a>. Information from its <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:E-to-the-i-pi.svg" class="extiw" title="commons:File:E-to-the-i-pi.svg">description page there</a></b> is shown below.<br /><span style="font-size: smaller;">Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Welcome" class="extiw" title="commons:Commons:Welcome">You can help</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> <div id="shared-image-desc"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary">Summary</h2></div> <div class="hproduct commons-file-information-table"> <table class="fileinfotpl-type-information vevent" dir="ltr"> <tbody><tr> <td id="fileinfotpl_desc" class="fileinfo-paramfield" lang="en">Description<span class="summary fn" style="display:none">E-to-the-i-pi.svg</span></td> <td class="description"> <div class="description en" dir="ltr" lang="en"><span class="language en" title="English"><b>English: </b></span> Stub image for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Math-stub" class="extiw" title="w:Template:Math-stub">the Math-stub template on Wikipedia</a>. Shows part of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%27s_identity" class="extiw" title="w:Euler's identity">Euler's identity</a>.</div> Image made by myself in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkscape" class="extiw" title="en:Inkscape">en:Inkscape</a>. Provides a vector version for <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:E-to-the-i-pi.png&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="File:E-to-the-i-pi.png (page does not exist)">Image:E-to-the-i-pi.png</a>. Because it uses no fonts, should render up in any system.</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="fileinfotpl_date" class="fileinfo-paramfield" lang="en">Date</td> <td lang="en"> 21 March 2006 (original upload date)</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="fileinfotpl_src" class="fileinfo-paramfield" lang="en">Source</td> <td> No machine-readable source provided. Own work assumed (based on copyright claims).</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="fileinfotpl_aut" class="fileinfo-paramfield" lang="en">Author</td> <td> No machine-readable author provided. <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Dermeister" title="User:Dermeister">Dermeister</a> assumed (based on copyright claims).</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relation_to_Euler's_formula"><span id="Relation_to_Euler.27s_formula"></span>Relation to Euler's formula</h2></div> <p>This mathematical term forms part of an identity, a special case of Euler's formula, written <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e^{ix}=\cos(x)+i\sin(x)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e^{ix}=\cos(x)+i\sin(x)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5eb80f22d3c03ef5c1738897144c1b7a70a79163" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:22.196ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e^{ix}=\cos(x)+i\sin(x)}"></span>. Setting <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}"></span> to a value of <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>π</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9be4ba0bb8df3af72e90a0535fabcc17431e540a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.332ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pi }"></span>, as with the above term, Euler's formula reduces to a famous equation relating seven important mathematical symbols (and none that are unimportant!), namely <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e^{i\pi }+1=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e^{i\pi }+1=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a7464809a40f9e486de3a454745f572fbf8bb256" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:11.089ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e^{i\pi }+1=0}"></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Licensing">Licensing</h2></div> <div style="clear:both; margin:0.5em auto; background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0); color:inherit; border:2px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1); padding:8px; direction:ltr;" class="licensetpl_wrapper"><div class="center" style="font-weight:bold;"><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="description en" style="display:inline;">I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following licenses:</div></div> <table cellspacing="8" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; clear:both; margin:0.5em auto; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: var(--color-base, #202122); border: var(--border-subtle, 2px solid #e0e0e0);" dir="ltr" lang="en" class="layouttemplate licensetpl"> <tbody><tr> <td><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="GNU head"><img alt="GNU head" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/64px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png" decoding="async" width="64" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/96px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Heckert_GNU_white.svg/128px-Heckert_GNU_white.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="523"></span></span> </td> <td>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:GNU_Free_Documentation_License" class="extiw" title="w:en:GNU Free Documentation License">GNU Free Documentation License</a></b>, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Free_Software_Foundation" class="extiw" title="w:en:Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a>; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. 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You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.</li></ul></dd></dl> </div><span class="licensetpl_link" style="display:none;">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5</span><span class="licensetpl_short" style="display:none;">CC BY 2.5 </span><span class="licensetpl_long" style="display:none;">Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 </span><span class="licensetpl_link_req" style="display:none;">true</span><span class="licensetpl_attr_req" style="display:none;">true</span></div></div> <div class="center"><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="description en" style="display:inline;">You may select the license of your choice.</div></div></div><h1 class="mw-slot-header"><mediainfoslotheader></mediainfoslotheader></h1><mediainfoview style="display: none"><mediainfoviewcaptions><div class="wbmi-entityview-captionsPanel oo-ui-layout oo-ui-panelLayout oo-ui-panelLayout-framed"><h3 class="wbmi-entityview-captions-header">Captions</h3><div class="wbmi-entityview-caption oo-ui-layout oo-ui-horizontalLayout"><label class="wbmi-language-label oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-labelElement-label oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-labelWidget">English</label><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="wbmi-caption-value">e^i*p = -1</div></div><div style="display:none;" class="wbmi-entityview-caption wbmi-entityview-hideable oo-ui-layout oo-ui-horizontalLayout"><label class="wbmi-language-label oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-labelElement-label oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-labelWidget">Russian</label><div lang="ru" dir="ltr" class="wbmi-caption-value">формула e^ip=-1</div></div></div></mediainfoviewcaptions><mediainfoviewstatements><div id="P180" data-property="P180" data-statements="[]" data-formatvalue="[]" class="wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup wbmi-entityview-statementsGroup-P180 oo-ui-layout oo-ui-panelLayout oo-ui-panelLayout-framed"><div class="wbmi-statements-widget"><div class="wbmi-statement-header"><div 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data-statements="[{"mainsnak":{"snaktype":"value","property":"P571","hash":"805e239e8917218b46750691701a74b3af6d3383","datavalue":{"value":{"time":"+2006-03-21T00:00:00Z","timezone":0,"before":0,"after":0,"precision":11,"calendarmodel":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1985727"},"type":"time"}},"type":"statement","id":"M651053$D570D767-4CE3-4142-B258-C38F1490F7F0","rank":"normal"}]" data-formatvalue="{"{\"value\":{\"entity-type\":\"property\",\"numeric-id\":571,\"id\":\"P571\"},\"type\":\"wikibase-entityid\"}":{"text\/html":{"en":{"":"<a target=\"_blank\" title=\"d:Special:EntityPage\/P571\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/P571\">inception<\/a>"}},"text\/plain":{"en":{"":"inception"}}},"{\"value\":{\"time\":\"+2006-03-21T00:00:00Z\",\"timezone\":0,\"before\":0,\"after\":0,\"precision\":11,\"calendarmodel\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.wikidata.org\\\/entity\\\/Q1985727\"},\"type\":\"time\"}":{"text\/html":{"en":{"P571":"21 March 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class="wbmi-entity-data"><div class="wbmi-entity-title"><h4 class="wbmi-entity-label"><bdi><a target="_blank" title="d:Special:EntityPage/P1163" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/P1163">media type</a></bdi></h4></div></div></div><div class="wbmi-content-items-group"><div class="wbmi-item wbmi-item-read"><div data-guid="M651053$3F96AB5D-0A25-4458-86C3-4628B32AB9F6" class="wbmi-item-container"><div class="wbmi-entity-header"><div class="wbmi-entity-data"><div class="wbmi-entity-title"><h4 class="wbmi-entity-label"><bdi>image/svg+xml</bdi></h4></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></mediainfoviewstatements></mediainfoview>    </div></div> <h2 id="filehistory">File history</h2> <div id="mw-imagepage-section-filehistory"> <p>Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. </p> <table class="wikitable filehistory"> <tr><th></th><th>Date/Time</th><th>Thumbnail</th><th>Dimensions</th><th>User</th><th>Comment</th></tr> <tr><td>current</td><td class="filehistory-selected" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/E-to-the-i-pi.svg">20:00, 27 August 2023</a></td><td><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/E-to-the-i-pi.svg"><img alt="Thumbnail for version as of 20:00, 27 August 2023" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/E-to-the-i-pi.svg/120px-E-to-the-i-pi.svg.png" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="106" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="453" /></a></td><td>512 × 453 <span style="white-space: nowrap;">(2 KB)</span></td><td><a href="/wiki/User:Andrew_Pertsev" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Andrew Pertsev"><bdi>Andrew Pertsev</bdi></a></td><td dir="ltr">svg code reduction</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/3/35/20230827200040%21E-to-the-i-pi.svg">22:16, 24 February 2009</a></td><td><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/3/35/20230827200040%21E-to-the-i-pi.svg"><img alt="Thumbnail for version as of 22:16, 24 February 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/archive/3/35/20230827200040%21E-to-the-i-pi.svg/120px-E-to-the-i-pi.svg.png" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="106" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="283" /></a></td><td>320 × 283 <span style="white-space: nowrap;">(11 KB)</span></td><td><a href="/wiki/User:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Камень"><bdi>Камень</bdi></a></td><td dir="ltr">Pazl</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/3/35/20090224221611%21E-to-the-i-pi.svg">18:01, 9 May 2007</a></td><td><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/3/35/20090224221611%21E-to-the-i-pi.svg"><img alt="Thumbnail for version as of 18:01, 9 May 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/archive/3/35/20090224221611%21E-to-the-i-pi.svg/120px-E-to-the-i-pi.svg.png" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="106" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="283" /></a></td><td>320 × 283 <span style="white-space: nowrap;">(4 KB)</span></td><td><a href="/wiki/User:Sven" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Sven"><bdi>Sven</bdi></a></td><td dir="ltr">background color fix</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/3/35/20070509180107%21E-to-the-i-pi.svg">09:53, 27 August 2006</a></td><td><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/3/35/20070509180107%21E-to-the-i-pi.svg"><img alt="Thumbnail for version as of 09:53, 27 August 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/archive/3/35/20070509180107%21E-to-the-i-pi.svg/120px-E-to-the-i-pi.svg.png" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="106" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="283" /></a></td><td>320 × 283 <span style="white-space: nowrap;">(4 KB)</span></td><td><a href="/wiki/User:Fibonacci" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Fibonacci"><bdi>Fibonacci</bdi></a></td><td dir="ltr">Simplified code (too bad IE doesn't support PNG transparency, I could have removed the background as well).</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/3/35/20060827095315%21E-to-the-i-pi.svg">15:42, 17 June 2006</a></td><td><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/3/35/20060827095315%21E-to-the-i-pi.svg"><img alt="Thumbnail for version as of 15:42, 17 June 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/archive/3/35/20060827095315%21E-to-the-i-pi.svg/120px-E-to-the-i-pi.svg.png" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="120" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="354" /></a></td><td>354 × 354 <span style="white-space: nowrap;">(8 KB)</span></td><td><a href="/wiki/User:Mets501" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Mets501"><bdi>Mets501</bdi></a></td><td dir="ltr">Removed transparant background because it was rendering really ugly in Internet Explorer.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/3/35/20060617154202%21E-to-the-i-pi.svg">22:31, 21 March 2006</a></td><td><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/3/35/20060617154202%21E-to-the-i-pi.svg"><img alt="Thumbnail for version as of 22:31, 21 March 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/archive/3/35/20060617154202%21E-to-the-i-pi.svg/120px-E-to-the-i-pi.svg.png" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="120" height="120" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="354" /></a></td><td>354 × 354 <span style="white-space: nowrap;">(7 KB)</span></td><td><a href="/wiki/User:Dermeister" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Dermeister"><bdi>Dermeister</bdi></a></td><td dir="ltr">Image made by myself in <a href="/wiki/Inkscape" title="Inkscape">en:Inkscape</a>. Provides a vector version for <a href="/w/index.php?title=E-to-the-i-pi.png&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E-to-the-i-pi.png (page does not exist)">E-to-the-i-pi.png</a>. {{CC-BY}} </td></tr> </table> </div> <h2 id="filelinks">File usage</h2> <div id='mw-imagepage-section-linkstoimage'> <p>More than 100 pages use this file. The following list shows the first 100 pages that use this file only. A <a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/File:E-to-the-i-pi.svg" title="Special:WhatLinksHere/File:E-to-the-i-pi.svg">full list</a> is available. </p><ul class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage"> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Acta_Arithmetica" title="Acta Arithmetica">Acta Arithmetica</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/American_Mathematical_Association_of_Two-Year_Colleges" title="American Mathematical Association of Two-Year Colleges">American Mathematical Association of Two-Year Colleges</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Annales_de_l%27Institut_Fourier" title="Annales de l'Institut Fourier">Annales de l'Institut Fourier</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Applied_Mathematics_Panel" title="Applied Mathematics Panel">Applied Mathematics Panel</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Ars_Combinatoria_(journal)" title="Ars Combinatoria (journal)">Ars Combinatoria (journal)</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Bhaskaracharya_Pratishthana" title="Bhaskaracharya Pratishthana">Bhaskaracharya Pratishthana</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Cabri_Geometry" title="Cabri Geometry">Cabri Geometry</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Cahiers_de_Topologie_et_G%C3%A9om%C3%A9trie_Diff%C3%A9rentielle_Cat%C3%A9goriques" title="Cahiers de Topologie et Géométrie Différentielle Catégoriques">Cahiers de Topologie et Géométrie Différentielle Catégoriques</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Society_for_History_and_Philosophy_of_Mathematics" title="Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Mathematics">Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Mathematics</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Centre_de_Recherches_Math%C3%A9matiques" title="Centre de Recherches Mathématiques">Centre de Recherches Mathématiques</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Crelle%27s_Journal" title="Crelle's Journal">Crelle's Journal</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/DIMACS" title="DIMACS">DIMACS</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Duke_Mathematical_Journal" title="Duke Mathematical Journal">Duke Mathematical Journal</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Frans%C3%A9n%E2%80%93Robinson_constant" title="Fransén–Robinson constant">Fransén–Robinson constant</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Gentleman%27s_Diary" title="Gentleman's Diary">Gentleman's Diary</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Geometry_%26_Topology" title="Geometry & Topology">Geometry & Topology</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_Angewandte_Mathematik_und_Mechanik" title="Gesellschaft für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik">Gesellschaft für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Graffiti_(program)" title="Graffiti (program)">Graffiti (program)</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Mathematical_Society" title="Hellenic Mathematical Society">Hellenic Mathematical Society</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Induced_metric" title="Induced metric">Induced metric</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Institute_For_Figuring" title="Institute For Figuring">Institute For Figuring</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Mathematics,_Physics,_and_Mechanics" title="Institute of Mathematics, Physics, and Mechanics">Institute of Mathematics, Physics, and Mechanics</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Statistical_Mathematics" title="Institute of Statistical Mathematics">Institute of Statistical Mathematics</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Integral_Equations_and_Operator_Theory" title="Integral Equations and Operator Theory">Integral Equations and Operator Theory</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Mathematical_Sciences" title="International Society for Mathematical Sciences">International Society for Mathematical Sciences</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Recreational_Mathematics" title="Journal of Recreational Mathematics">Journal of Recreational Mathematics</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Mathematical_Society" title="Journal of the American Mathematical Society">Journal of the American Mathematical Society</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Kurt_G%C3%B6del_Society" title="Kurt Gödel Society">Kurt Gödel Society</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Magazine" title="Mathematics Magazine">Mathematics Magazine</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_and_God" title="Mathematics and God">Mathematics and God</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_of_Computation" title="Mathematics of Computation">Mathematics of Computation</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Mathematische_Annalen" title="Mathematische Annalen">Mathematische Annalen</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Mathematics" title="Max Planck Institute for Mathematics">Max Planck Institute for Mathematics</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Mathematics_in_the_Sciences" title="Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences">Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Minimal_realization" title="Minimal realization">Minimal realization</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Mathematical_Journal" title="Moscow Mathematical Journal">Moscow Mathematical Journal</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Network_automaton" title="Network automaton">Network automaton</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Non-perturbative" title="Non-perturbative">Non-perturbative</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Null_(mathematics)" title="Null (mathematics)">Null (mathematics)</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Journal_of_Mathematics" title="Pacific Journal of Mathematics">Pacific Journal of Mathematics</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Procept" title="Procept">Procept</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Product_order" title="Product order">Product order</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Publications_Math%C3%A9matiques_de_l%27IH%C3%89S" title="Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS">Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Quantale" title="Quantale">Quantale</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Quotition_and_partition" title="Quotition and partition">Quotition and partition</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Ramanujan%E2%80%93Soldner_constant" title="Ramanujan–Soldner constant">Ramanujan–Soldner constant</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Rankine_vortex" title="Rankine vortex">Rankine vortex</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/School_Mathematics_Study_Group" title="School Mathematics Study Group">School Mathematics Study Group</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Steklov_Institute_of_Mathematics" title="Steklov Institute of Mathematics">Steklov Institute of Mathematics</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Studia_Mathematica" title="Studia Mathematica">Studia Mathematica</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Theorem_Proving_System" title="Theorem Proving System">Theorem Proving System</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Toy_problem" title="Toy problem">Toy problem</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Transactions_of_the_American_Mathematical_Society" title="Transactions of the American Mathematical Society">Transactions of the American Mathematical Society</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Unary_function" title="Unary function">Unary function</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Univariate" title="Univariate">Univariate</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns0"><a href="/wiki/Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_Angewandte_Mathematik_und_Physik" title="Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Physik">Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Physik</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Alba" title="User:Alba">User:Alba</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:AlmostSurely" title="User:AlmostSurely">User:AlmostSurely</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Arthur_Rubin" title="User:Arthur Rubin">User:Arthur Rubin</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Artie_p" title="User:Artie p">User:Artie p</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Ati7" title="User:Ati7">User:Ati7</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Bduke" title="User:Bduke">User:Bduke</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Billlion" title="User:Billlion">User:Billlion</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Braindrain0000" title="User:Braindrain0000">User:Braindrain0000</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:CL8" title="User:CL8">User:CL8</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:ColBog" title="User:ColBog">User:ColBog</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Dominus" title="User:Dominus">User:Dominus</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:DonkeyKong64" title="User:DonkeyKong64">User:DonkeyKong64</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Elroch" title="User:Elroch">User:Elroch</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:FrankP" title="User:FrankP">User:FrankP</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Futurebird" title="User:Futurebird">User:Futurebird</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Gandalfxviv" title="User:Gandalfxviv">User:Gandalfxviv</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:George_Church" title="User:George Church">User:George Church</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Hirak_99" title="User:Hirak 99">User:Hirak 99</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:JakeParker" title="User:JakeParker">User:JakeParker</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Jersey_Devil" title="User:Jersey Devil">User:Jersey Devil</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Joseph_Myers" title="User:Joseph Myers">User:Joseph Myers</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Lambda" title="User:Lambda">User:Lambda</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Leland_McInnes" title="User:Leland McInnes">User:Leland McInnes</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:LucasVB" title="User:LucasVB">User:LucasVB</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Macrakis" title="User:Macrakis">User:Macrakis</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Master_Bratac" title="User:Master Bratac">User:Master Bratac</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Meni_Rosenfeld" title="User:Meni Rosenfeld">User:Meni Rosenfeld</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Michael_Hardy" title="User:Michael Hardy">User:Michael Hardy</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Mipchunk" title="User:Mipchunk">User:Mipchunk</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Misantropo" title="User:Misantropo">User:Misantropo</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Nat2" title="User:Nat2">User:Nat2</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Pt" title="User:Pt">User:Pt</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:RobertBorgersen" title="User:RobertBorgersen">User:RobertBorgersen</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Robert_McGuigan" title="User:Robert McGuigan">User:Robert McGuigan</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Severoon" title="User:Severoon">User:Severoon</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Sonic3KMaster" title="User:Sonic3KMaster">User:Sonic3KMaster</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Stan_the_fisher" title="User:Stan the fisher">User:Stan the fisher</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:Xantharius" title="User:Xantharius">User:Xantharius</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns2"><a href="/wiki/User:YellowPigNowNow" title="User:YellowPigNowNow">User:YellowPigNowNow</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns4"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Mathematics" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Mathematics">Wikipedia:WikiProject Mathematics</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns4"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Mathematics/Participants" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Mathematics/Participants">Wikipedia:WikiProject Mathematics/Participants</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns4"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Stub_sorting/Proposals/Archive23" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals/Archive23">Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals/Archive23</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns10"><a href="/wiki/Template:Math-stub" title="Template:Math-stub">Template:Math-stub</a></li> <li class="mw-imagepage-linkstoimage-ns10"><a href="/wiki/Template:User_WikiProject_Mathematics" title="Template:User WikiProject Mathematics">Template:User WikiProject 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href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sferiese_ko%C3%B6rdinatestelsel">Sferiese koördinatestelsel</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desimale_graad">Desimale graad</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra%C3%AFese_kromme">Algebraïese kromme</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromme">Kromme</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler_se_formule">Euler se formule</a></li> </ul></li> <li class='mw-gu-onwiki-ar_wikipedia_org'>Usage on ar.wikipedia.org <ul> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%82%D8%AA">وقت</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A">منطق جدلي</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D8%A8%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82">قالب:بذرة منطق</a></li> <li><a class="external" 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class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_2009/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AD2">ويكيبيديا:تغيير تصميم الصفحة الرئيسية 2009/مقترح2</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_2009/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AD3">ويكيبيديا:تغيير تصميم الصفحة الرئيسية 2009/مقترح3</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A/%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9">ويكيبيديا:أسبوع الويكي/إعلانات الأسابيع</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A/%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9/2009">ويكيبيديا:أسبوع الويكي/إعلانات الأسابيع/2009</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7">استنباط</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9">ويكيبيديا:أسبوع الويكي/مواعيد الأسابيع</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85:Almuhammedi/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA">مستخدم:Almuhammedi/أسبوع الرياضيات</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A/%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86/2009/38">ويكيبيديا:أسبوع الويكي/إعلان/2009/38</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B6">برهان بالتناقض</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A/%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9/2010">ويكيبيديا:أسبوع الويكي/إعلانات الأسابيع/2010</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%B7_%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A">مخطط هيكل تنظيمي</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A/%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86/2010/26">ويكيبيديا:أسبوع الويكي/إعلان/2010/26</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83">عبد الحميد بن ترك</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8">قيمة صواب</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A/%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9/2011">ويكيبيديا:أسبوع الويكي/إعلانات الأسابيع/2011</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A/%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86/2011/14">ويكيبيديا:أسبوع الويكي/إعلان/2011/14</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B7_%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B7_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81">شرط ضروري وشرط كاف</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF">ترديد</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9">قضية معدولة</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%87%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9">قضية وهمية</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B9_(%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82)">موضوع (منطق)</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%A3%D8%A9">حمل مواطأة</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81">تناف</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A9">قضية منفصلة</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_(%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9)">كيف (فلسفة)</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A9">قضية محصلة</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%B1">حصر</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9">دائمة مطلقة</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9">ضرورية مطلقة</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9">دلالة لفظية وضعية</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85_(%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82)">رسم (منطق)</a></li> <li><a class="external" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85">رسم تام</a></li> <li><a class="external" 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